人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land导学案及答案

Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land Learning About Language

过去分词作表语和状语

1. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.

2. He was determined to find out why.

3. ①Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.

②Given better attention, the trees could grow better.

③Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth’s gravity.

4. ①Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.

= Because I was hit by a lack of fresh air,  my head ached.

②I stared at the moving model of the waste machine,  absorbed by its efficiency.

=I stared at the moving model of the waste machine,  and was absorbed by its efficiency.

5. ①When offered help,  one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you. ”

②The research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.

观察上面句子, 并完成句子

1. He became inspired when he thought about helping others.

当他想到帮助别人时, 就受到了鼓舞。(过去分词作表语)

2. He looked disappointed when he heard the bad news.

他听到这个坏消息时显得很失望。(过去分词作表语)

3. Some medicines,  if wrongly taken,  can kill a person.

当误服时,  有些药可以要人命。(过去分词作状语)

Ⅰ. 过去分词作表语

一、过去分词作表语的用法

过去分词可放在连系动词be,  get,  feel,  remain,  seem,  look,  become等之后作表语, 表示主语所处的状态。

*He looked worried after reading the letter.

看完信后, 他看上去很忧虑。

*When we heard of it,  we were deeply moved.

当听到它时, 我们被深深地感动了。

(1)语法填空

①I was too tired (tire) to walk any further.

②The film is moving,  so everyone felt moved(move) at the cinema. 

③Tom was more surprised (surprise) than disappointed (disappoint) at this news.

④(2020·天津高考)Jones was shocked (shock) when she said that she didn’t actually mind being cheated.

(2)All the doors are locked.  

所有的门都是锁着的。

(3)He felt thoroughly broken down.  

他感到彻底崩溃了。

(4)The children looked puzzled.  

孩子们都像是迷惑不解。

二、过去分词作表语时与被动语态的区别

过去分词作表语时, 强调主语所处的状态; 而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 强调动作。

*The cup is broken.

杯子碎了。(系表结构, 表状态)

*The cup was broken by Tom.

杯子是汤姆打碎的。(被动语态, 表动作)

(1)这本书写得很好。

译: The book is well written.  

(2)这本书是他去年写的。

译: The book was written by him last year.  

三、过去分词与动词-ing形式作表语的区别

英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词, 其过去分词含有被动意义, 即“人被引起某种感觉的”, 多用来指人、人的声音或表情等; 动词-ing形式表示主动意义, 即“令人有某种感觉的”, 多用来修饰物。

常用的这类词有:

*We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.

我们对他在会上讲的话感到惊讶。

*His words were discouraging,  which made many people discouraged. 他的话令人泄气, 使得很多人灰心丧气。

用所给词的适当形式填空。

(1)The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene. (frighten)

(2)The scene is exciting,  and I’m very excited at present.  (excite)

(3)What he did is encouraging,  so I’m encouraged by what he did.  (encourage)

(4)The audience were all moved to tears by the moving film. (move)

Ⅱ. 过去分词作状语

一、过去分词作状语的类型

过去分词作状语, 可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果等, 相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句的主语, 且与主句主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。

1. 作时间状语。

相当于时间状语从句。可在过去分词前加上连词“when,  while,  until”等, 使其时间意义更明确。

*(2018·北京高考)Ordinary soap,  used correctly,  can deal with bacteria effectively.

=When it is used correctly,  ordinary soap can deal with bacteria effectively.

普通肥皂被正确使用的时候, 也是可以有效除菌的。

2. 作原因状语。

相当于原因状语从句或并列句。

*Absorbed in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.

= Because John was absorbed in painting,  he didn’t notice evening approaching.

= John was absorbed in painting,  so he didn’t notice evening approaching.

由于专心画画, 约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。

3. 作条件状语。

相当于条件状语从句。可加连词if,  unless等转换成条件状语从句。

*Used with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

=If it is used with care,  one tin will last for six weeks.

如果用得仔细的话, 一个罐子可以用六周。

4. 作让步状语。

相当于让步状语从句。有时可加although,  though,  even if,  even though,  whether. . . or等连词转换成让步状语从句。

*Defeated by his opponent, he never gave up any hope.

= Although he was defeated by his opponent,  he never gave up any hope.

尽管被对手击败, 但是他从没放弃希望。

5. 作方式、伴随状语。

相当于and连接的并列句。

*She accepted the gift, deeply moved.

= She accepted the gift,  and she was deeply moved.

她接受了礼物, 被深深地感动了。

过去分词(短语)作状语表状态

　　值得注意的是, 有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构, 作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); lost/absorbed in (沉溺于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦)等。

*Lost in thought, he didn’t hear the bell.

由于陷入沉思之中, 他没有听到铃声。

(1)语法填空

①Combined (combine) with Chinese traditional medicine,  heat treatment is more effective.

②They offered(offer) him a very good job, but he turned it down.

③Greatly inspired(inspire)by what he did, I joined him in helping others.

④ Visited(visit) many times,  the place is still worth visiting again.

⑤The master entered the room,  followed(follow) by his dog.

(2)句型转换。

①When it is seen from the top of the hill,  the town looks more beautiful.

→Seen from the top of the hill,  the town looks more beautiful.  

②Because they were deeply moved by the film,  the children began to cry.

→Deeply moved by the film,  the children began to cry.  

③If we were given more time,  we could do it much better.

→Given more time,  we could do it much better.  

④The president of the company came to the factory,  and he was followed by some workers.

→The president of the company came to the factory,  followed by some workers.  

二、过去分词作状语时的位置

过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时, 通常放在句首; 作伴随、结果状语时, 通常放在句末; 作方式状语时, 一般放在句末, 有时也放在句首; 作让步状语时, 一般放在句首, 有时也放在句末。

*Told that his mother was ill, Li Lei hurried home quickly. (原因状语)得知母亲生病了, 李雷迅速赶回了家。

*The old man walked into the room,  supported by his son. (方式状语)老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。

三、过去分词的独立结构作状语

过去分词作状语时, 有时在分词前加上自己的逻辑主语, 这种带有自身逻辑主语的过去分词被称为过去分词的独立结构。过去分词的独立结构在句中作状语时, 通常可表示时间、原因、条件等。

*Much time spent sitting at a desk,  office workers are generally troubled by health problems.

很多时间都坐在办公桌旁, 办公室职员一般都受到健康问题的困扰。

用独立主格结构作状语改写句子。

(1)After the lecture was given,  a lively question-and-answer session followed.

→The lecture given,  a lively question-and-answer session followed.  

(2)The factory produced many famous cars,  none of which were shipped to foreign countries.

→The factory produced many famous cars,  none of them shipped to foreign countries.  

(3)Because extra money was given to the poor,  he felt very happy.

→Extra money given to the poor,  he felt very happy.  

四、过去分词与动词-ing形式作状语的区别

过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系, 即表示被动, 往往表示完成; 动词-ing形式与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系, 即表示主动, 一般表示动作正在进行。

*Used for a long time,  the book looks old. (动宾关系)

由于用了很长时间, 这本书看上去陈旧。

*Using the book,  I find it very useful. (主谓关系)

在使用这本书时, 我发现它很有用。

【巧学助记】　分词作状语记忆口诀

　　分词作状语, 主语是问题。

　　前后两动作, 共用一主语。

　　主语找出后, 再来判关系。

　　主动用-ing, 被动用-ed。

分词作状语误区警示

无论是动词-ing形式还是过去分词, 其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致, 则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。

If caught,  the police will punish the thief. (×)

If caught,  the thief will be punished by the police. (√)

If the thief is caught,  the police will punish him. (√)

语法填空

(1)Having finished (finish) their work,  they went home to have a rest.  

(2)Grown (grow) in rich soil,  these seeds can grow fast.

(3)Impressed (impress) by the beautiful scenery,  I forgot to go back home in time.

(4)Looking (look) out of the window,  I found many children playing on the playground.

使用本单元所学语法知识补全对话

(两个人在谈论旅行过程中的所见所闻)

M: So,  what’s next on the course of our visit?

W: Well,  I think we might go to see some special places in the city. 1. I’m interested in(我感兴趣) going to some exhibition.  

M: That’s a great idea. Which one do you want to go to?

W: Well,  I think 2. I’ll be delighted to see (我将高兴地看到)Calvin Klein’s exhibition. 3. Seen from the outside(从外面看),  it looks spectacular.  

M: Calvin Klein?  The name sounds familiar. . . but hey,  why are we driving into the shopping mall parking lot?

W: That’s where the exhibition is. 4. Given a free ticket(给了一张免费票), I would like to visit it today.  

M: Now I remember. Calvin Klein is just a fashion designer. As artists,  we should explore the art and culture of the country.

W: We do,  but I think that the American shopping center is a good example of American art and culture. Besides,  in this kind of　“museum”,  5. if attracted to something you like(如果你被喜欢的东西所吸引), you can take the art pieces home.