人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 4 Journey Across a Vast Land单元测试课后复习题

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选择性必修Book 2 Unit 4 Journey Across A Vast Land
B卷·综合能力提升练
(时间：90分钟　满分：120分)
第一部分　阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Asia is the birthplace of the world’s three ancient civilizations: ancient China, ancient India and Babylon. Each gave the world different architectural styles and global landmarks, such as the Great Wall of China. Taj Mahal of India.With the conclusion of the Conference on Dialogue of Asian Civilization, let’s take a look at the architecture of Asian civilizations.
The Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China is an ancient defense project with the longest construction time and the largest workload put into a landmark, stretching out to a total length of more than 5,000 kilometers. Only when you have been to the Great Wall and witnessed its majesty can you truly say you have visited China.
Angkor Wat,Cambodia
The Angkor Wat in Cambodia is one of the largest religious monuments in the world,built on a site measuring 162.6 hectares. It was built by the Khmer King Suryavarman Ⅱ in the early 12th century in Yasodharapura(present-day Angkor),the capital of the Khmer Empire, as his state temple and eventual mausoleum(陵墓).
Taj Mahal, India
The Taj Mahal is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the river Yamuna in the Indian city of Agra.It was commissioned in 1632 by Mughalemperor Shah to house the tomb of his favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj Mahal was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being“the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world’s heritage”
Al-Khazneh, Jordan
Al-Khazneh, also known as the Treasury, is one of the most delicate temples in the ancient Arab Nabataean Kingdom city of Petra,Jordan. The 45-meter-high and 30-meter-wide building is a magnificent building with a pronounced Greek style. It is said to have been a place where pirates hid their treasure.
1．What is special about the Great Wall compared with the others in the article?
A．It is the longest man-made project in the world.
B．It was listed in the UNESCO world Heritage Site.
C．It was used as a defense project in the ancient China.
D．It used to be used as a religious/purpose in China
2．Which of the following is one of the largest religious monuments?
A．The Angkor Wat. B．The Taj Mahal.
C．AI-Khazneh. D．The Treasury
3．Which of the landmarks has been affected by the Greek culture?
A．The Great Wall. B．The Angkor Wat.
C．The Taj Mahal. D．AI-Khazneh.
【答案】1．C    2．A    3．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四处亚洲文明的建筑。
1．细节理解题。根据The Great Wall of China部分中“The Great Wall of China is an ancient defense project with the longest construction time (中国的长城是古代建造时间最长的防御工程。)”可知，中国的长城是在古代是一项防御工程。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Angkor Wat, Cambodia部分中“The Angkor Wat in Cambodia is one of the largest religious monuments in the world, built on a site measuring 162.6 hectares. (柬埔寨的吴哥窟是世界上最大的宗教遗迹之一，占地162.6公顷。)”可知，吴哥窟是世界上最大的宗教遗迹之一。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据Al-Khazneh, Jordan部分中“The 45-meter-high and 30-meter-wide building is a magnificent building with a pronounced Greek style.(这座建筑高45米，宽30米，是一座具有明显希腊风格的宏伟建筑。)”可知，卡兹尼神殿受到希腊风格建筑的影响。故选D。
B
Earlier this year, I visited Baluran National Park in eastern Java with my family. This park, named after a dead volcano, is the only place in Indonesia that looks like an African savanna (热带草原). Therefore, it is called Africa in Indonesia. You can see deer, large water buffalo, small mice, peacocks, eagles, monkeys and much more animals.
When walking in the park, we really had the feeling that we were in Africa. This was mainly due to its climate. The air was hot and dry rather than warm and wet. It was completely different from what I got used to in Indonesia and I was so surprised.
In the park, you will never get bored because the whole neighborhood is full of monkeys. But these monkeys are rude and aggressive (好斗的). Monkeys guarded our house and wanted food. When we didn’t give them food, they would rob us of food. So each of us was offered a stick by the rangers (护林员). They taught us that when the monkeys were too aggressive we must lift the stick. And it worked perfectly.
In the late afternoon, we went for a walk to explore the area. On the way, we saw many species of trees that couldn’t be found anywhere else in Indonesia. Soon the sunset approached so we decided to go back. But darkness fell about halfway through the journey. We only had poor light from our phones. And we heard only the sounds of animals around us. It was possible that hungry animals might come close to us and take us as their dinner. We started to feel scared and quickened our steps. Just when we were about to reach our breaking point, we saw a ranger, who comforted us and led us to safety.
In the evening, we talked with the ranger about his life in Baluran. And after dinner, he invited us to fish with him at sunrise. We really had a great time in the park, and I always look forward to coming back and experiencing all the excitements again.
4．What do we learn about Baluran National Park?
A．Tourists usually visit it for its volcano.
B．It is located in the middle of Africa.
C．Tourists find its climate very pleasant.
D．It is a great place for wild animals.
5．Why was each member of the author’s family offered a stick?
A．To help them walk easily.
B．To play games with monkeys.
C．To drive away unfriendly monkeys.
D．To use it to give monkeys food.
6．What made the author and her family quicken their steps?
A．The fear of being attacked by wild animals.
B．The desire to tell the rangers about their adventure.
C．The worry about being robbed at night.
D．The anxiety to charge their phones.
7．What does the author try to do through the text?
A．Encourage people to travel to Indonesia.
B．Share her experience at Baluran National Park.
C．Give tips on how to visit Baluran National Park.
D．Advertise Baluran National Park.
【答案】4．D    5．C    6．A    7．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了他们一家人在印度尼西亚的巴鲁兰国家公园游览的经历。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句话“You can see deer, large water buffalo, small mice, peacocks, eagles, monkeys and much more animals.（你可以看到鹿，大水牛，小老鼠，孔雀，鹰，猴子和更多的动物）”可知，巴鲁兰国家公园里有许多野生动物，所以这里是野生动物生活的好地方。故选D项。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段的最后两句话“So each of us was offered a stick by the rangers (护林员). They taught us that when the monkeys were too aggressive we must lift the stick. And it worked perfectly.（所以护林员给了我们每人一根棍子。他们告诉我们，当猴子太有攻击性时，我们必须举起棍子。这很管用）”可知，护林员给作者一家棍子是为了让他们赶走不友好的猴子。故选C项。
6．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“It was possible that hungry animals might come close to us and take us as their dinner. We started to feel scared and quickened our steps.（饥饿的动物可能会靠近我们，把我们当作它们的晚餐。我们开始感到害怕，加快了脚步）”可知，作者一家加快脚步是因为他们害怕被野兽袭击。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。在这篇文章中作者讲述了他们一家人在印度尼西亚的巴鲁兰国家公园游览的经历。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是分享她在巴鲁兰国家公园的经历。故选B项。
C
This summer we witnessed interview teams at the North Pole wearing short sleeve shirts due to the warm weather. A study published on Aug 29 revealed more concerning issues in the supposedly coldest area of the world. Zombie ice from a massive Greenland ice sheet was confirmed to be melting, which would eventually raise global sea levels by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters) on its own, reported Associated Press (AP).
Zombie ice is the kind of ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice, but is no longer getting fed by larger glaciers. Since glaciers are getting less snow to complement (补充) the amount of ice melted, once the zombie ice is melted, it cannot be re-formed.
Scientists decided to look at the balance of the ice. In perfect balance, snow in the mountains of Greenland flows down and thickens the sides of glaciers, balancing out what’s melting on the edges, according to AP. But in the last few decades, there is less refill and more melting, creating an imbalance.
Study co-author William Colgan at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland told AP that 3.3 percent of Greenland’s total ice volume will melt eventually. “Starving would be a good phrase” for what’s happening to the ice, Colgan added.
With a great number of natural resources buried under the earth, areas of melted ice revealed treasures that attracted the world’s richest men. According to CNN, in early August, there was a “treasure hunt” in Greenland. Billionaires, including Bill Gates and others, financially backed KoBold Metals, a US-based mineral exploration company, to explore the rare metals under the glaciers in Greenland. The company told CNN that since there were enough minerals to power hundreds of millions of electric vehicles, the critical resource is capable of powering the green energy transition.
8．What happened in North Pole this summer?
A．The massive Greenland sheet has melted.
B．North Pole experienced unusual weather.
C．The melted ice raised sea level significantly.
D．The interview team revealed concerning issues.
9．Zombie ice is the kind of ice that ______.
A．can be easily formed again
B．is still joined to bigger ice
C．complemented the thickest ice
D．is continuously fed by larger ice
10．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．There are abundant resources under the earth.
B．The treasure hunt can only benefit the richest people.
C．Businessmen wanted to make profit from the resources.
D．The minerals will soon become a green energy alternative.
11．The suitable saying that can be applied to this passage is ______.
A．Every coin has two sides
B．Man can conquer nature
C．The early bird catches the worm
D．One false move may lose the game
【答案】8．B    9．B    10．C    11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。据报道，来自格陵兰岛巨大冰原的僵尸冰被证实正在融化，并介绍了这一现象的形成原因及其影响。
8．细节理解题。根据首段首句“This summer we witnessed interview teams at the North Pole wearing short sleeve shirts due to the warm weather.(今年夏天，我们看到北极的考察组因为天气温暖，穿着短袖衬衫)”可知，在北极这个地方，天气热得可以穿短袖，这是非寻常现象。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Zombie ice is the kind of ice that is still attached to thicker areas of ice, but is no longer getting fed by larger glaciers.(僵尸冰是指仍然附着在较厚的冰层上，但不再从较大的冰川中获得持续补给的冰)”可知，Zombie ice仍然和下层厚厚的冰层相连在一起。be attached to与be joined to意义相近。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to CNN, in early August, there was a “treasure hunt” in Greenland. Billionaires, including Bill Gates and others, financially backed KoBold Metals, a US-based mineral exploration company, to explore the rare metals under the glaciers in Greenland. The company told CNN that since there were enough minerals to power hundreds of millions of electric vehicles, the critical resource is capable of powering the green energy transition.(据CNN报道，8月初，格陵兰岛出现了一场“寻宝活动”。包括比尔·盖茨等人在内的亿万富翁，为总部位于美国的矿产勘探公司KoBold Metals提供了资金支持，以开发格陵兰岛冰川下的稀有金属。该公司告诉CNN，由于有足够的矿物为数亿辆电动汽车提供动力，这种关键资源有能力为绿色能源转型提供动力)”可以推断，商人们都想从这冰川下的资源中获利。故选C项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章开头部分“A study published on Aug 29 revealed more concerning issues in the supposedly coldest area of the world. Zombie ice from a massive Greenland ice sheet was confirmed to be melting, which would eventually raise global sea levels by at least 10 inches (27 centimeters) on its own, reported Associated Press (AP).(8月29日发表的一项研究揭示了在这个被认为是世界上最冷地区的更多令人担忧的问题。据美联社(AP)报道，来自格陵兰岛巨大冰原的僵尸冰被证实正在融化，这最终将使全球海平面上升至少10英寸(27厘米))”可知，僵尸冰融化对全球海洋是一个威胁；根据最后一段“With a great number of natural resources buried under the earth, areas of melted ice revealed treasures that attracted the world’s richest men. (由于地下埋藏着大量的自然资源，融化的冰所暴露的宝藏吸引了世界上最富有的人)”可知，僵尸冰融化又可以使地下稀有矿藏可以被人类开采，获得财富。由此可见，僵尸冰融化一方面是坏事，一方面是好事。A项谚语意思是任何事物都有两面性，符合文章内容。故选A项。
D
Banff National Park is Canada’s firstborn national park and was recognized in 1885. Located in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Banff includes 6,641 square kilometers of glaciers and ice fields, thick coniferous forest, and alpine(高山的) scenery. The Icefields Park-way spreads from Lake Louise, connecting to Jasper National Park in the north. Provincial forests and Yoho National Park are neighbors to the west while Kootenay National Park is situated to the south. The main commercial center of the park is the town of Banff, in the Bow River valley.
The Canadian Pacific Railway was contributory in Banff’s early years, building the Banff Springs Hotel and Chateau Lake Louise hotel in the park and attracting tourists through widespread advertising. In the early 20th century, roads were built in Banff, at times by prisoners of World War I, and through Great Depression-era public works projects, As Banff has over three million visitors annually, the health of its ecology has been endangered. In the mid-1990s, Parks Canada launched a two-year study to preserve ecological integrity.
Banff National Park has a subarctic climate(副极地气候) with three ecoregions. The forests feature lodgepole pine at lower heights and Engelmann spruce at higher ones below the tree line, above which are chiefly rocks and ice. Mammal(哺乳动物) species such as the grizzly bear, cougar, wolverine, moose and bighorn sheep are found along with hundreds of bird species. Reptiles(爬行动物) are also found but only a restricted number of species have been recorded.
The mountains were formed from sedimentary rocks(沉积岩) which were pushed east over newer rock formations, between 80 and 55 million years ago. Over the previous few million years, glaciers have at times covered most of the park, but today are found only on the mountainsides though they include the Columbia Icefield, the largest continuous glacial mass in the Rockies. Erosion(侵蚀) from water and ice has molded the mountains into their existing shapes.
12．What can we infer about Banff National Park?
A．It was built mainly by prisoners.
B．It is the oldest national park in Canada.
C．It is connected to three other provincial parks.
D．It failed to satisfy visitors’ demand for commercial activities.
13．What was a contribution of the Canadian Pacific Railway?
A．Building roads in Banff.
B．Constructing hotels in Banff.
C．Preserving the ecology of Banff.
D．Providing multiple railway lines to Banff.
14．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The biodiversity of Banff.
B．The limited knowledge of reptiles.
C．The complex climate system of Banff.
D．The mammals’ severe living conditions.
15．What does the underlined word “molded” most probably mean?
A．Stuck. B．Broken. C．Formed. D．Followed.
【答案】12．A    13．B    14．A    15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章从发展历史、生物多样性以及现代公园风貌等方面介绍了加拿大第一个国家公园——班夫国家公园。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Banff National Park is Canada’s firstborn national park and was recognized in 1885. (班夫国家公园是加拿大第一个国家公园，于1885年被承认。)”可知，班夫国家公园是加拿大第一个国家公园，即它是加拿大最古老的国家公园。故选A。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Canadian Pacific Railway was contributory in Banff’s early years, building the Banff Springs Hotel and Chateau Lake Louise hotel in the park and attracting tourists through widespread advertising. (加拿大太平洋铁路公司在班夫的早期也做出了贡献，在公园里建造了班夫温泉酒店和路易丝湖城堡酒店，并通过广泛的广告吸引游客。)”可知，加拿大太平洋铁路公司在班夫的贡献是建设了两家酒店。故选B。
14．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Banff National Park has a subarctic climate(副极地气候) with three ecoregions. The forests feature lodgepole pine at lower heights and Engelmann spruce at higher ones below the tree line, above which are chiefly rocks and ice. Mammal(哺乳动物) species such as the grizzly bear, cougar, wolverine, moose and bighorn sheep are found along with hundreds of bird species. Reptiles(爬行动物) are also found but only a restricted number of species have been recorded.(班夫国家公园属于亚北极气候，分为三个生态区。森林的特色是低海拔的黑松和高海拔的恩格尔曼云杉，在林木线以下，以上主要是岩石和冰。这里发现了灰熊、美洲狮、狼獾、驼鹿和大角羊等哺乳动物，还有数百种鸟类。爬行动物也被发现，但只记录了有限数量的物种。)”可知，本段主要描述了班夫的生物多样性。故选A。
15．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“Over the previous few million years, glaciers have at times covered most of the park, but today are found only on the mountainsides (在过去的几百万年里，冰川有时覆盖了公园的大部分地区，但今天只在山坡上发现了冰川。)”，同时根据划线词句子中的“erosion(侵蚀)”可知，水和冰的侵蚀把山塑造成了形成了当前的山的特点——今天只在山坡上发现了冰川。故划线词与form为同义词，意为“形成。故选C。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Many campers (露营者) love to plan their trips during autumn season. There are plenty of fun activities you can enjoy during your camping trip. ___16___, autumn season offers lots of activities that make your outdoor adventure more fun! Here are some fall camping tips to make your trip more memorable.
Schedule for the cool weather. Even though summer just ended, you should be prepared for cool weather. Autumn weather is very unpredictable. ___17___. You wouldn’t want your trip to be ruined because you keep waking up in the early morning because of cold weather.
___18___. An important thing to keep in mind is that the days are shorter during cool seasons. More importantly, food takes longer to cook when the weather is cold, so schedule your cooking times to make sure that you enjoy your meal times. Be sure you cook dinner and clean up before the sun goes down.
Be careful with bears. Any camper knows that it is quite important to protect themselves from bears and other wildlife. But we must be extra careful during fall season. ___19___.
Go apple or pumpkin picking. There are lots of apple trees in the country where you camp.___20___, consider apple picking during the day. To get even more fun out of autumn, you can choose to go pumpkin picking. You can also bring your own pumpkins to carve around the campfire! The kids will love it.
A．Schedule your cooking times
B．Prepare your meal and enjoy it as soon as possible
C．If you’re lucky enough to have one near your campsite
D．Whether you are camping by yourself, or with your friends
E．Most animals wake up in spring and go hungry at this time of the year
F．It can be hot till the earlier afternoon, but cold once the sun goes down
G．That is because wildlife gets active around looking for food as winter nears
【答案】16．D    17．F    18．A    19．G    20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了秋季露营的一些使旅途更加难忘的技巧，包括应对变冷的天气，计划好做饭的时间，小心熊和其他动物等。
16．由上文“Many campers (露营者) love to plan their trips during autumn season.”（许多露营者都喜欢计划秋季旅行。）和下文“autumn season offers lots of activities that make your outdoor adventure more fun”（秋天的季节可以提供许多活动，使您的户外探险更加有趣！）可知，此处讲述秋季露营会带来很多乐趣，由逗号可知，空处应是一个从句，从D、E项中选择，D项“无论你是一个人露营，还是和朋友一起”符合语境，用让步状语从句强调露营的快乐。故选D项。
17．根据上文“Autumn weather is very unpredictable.”（秋天的天气难以预测）可知，秋天天气多变，结合下文“You wouldn’t want your trip to be ruined because you keep waking up in the early morning because of cold weather.（你一定不希望你的旅行因为寒冷的天气而被打乱。）”可推断设空处讲述秋天天气多变，会变得寒冷，因此推断F项“可能一直到下午早些时候都很热，但太阳下山后就很冷了”符合语境，解释前文，引出下文。讲述秋天天气多变，不要因为天气毁掉旅行。故选F项。
18．空处为段落标题。根据下文“An important thing to keep in mind is that the days are shorter during cool seasons. More importantly, food takes longer to cook when the weather is cold. So schedule your cooking times to make sure that you enjoy your meal times.”（要记住的一件重要的事情是，在凉爽的季节，白天会变短。更重要的是，天气寒冷时，食物需要花费更长的时间烹饪，因此请安排烹饪时间，以确保你享受用餐时间。）可知，本段讲述寒冷天气注意安排烹饪时间。A选项“安排你的烹饪时间”为段落标题。故选A项。
19．由上文“Be careful with bears. Any camper knows that it is quite important to protect themselves from bears and other wildlife. But we must be extra careful during fall season.”（小心熊。任何露营者都知道保护自己免受熊和其他野生动植物的侵害是非常重要的。但是在秋天我们必须格外小心。）可知，本段陈述在露营时要小心熊，特别是秋季要格外小心，因此推断设空处应是解释原因，故G选项“那是因为随着冬天临近，这段时间野生动物变得更加活跃以寻找食物。）符合语境。that指代上文提到“秋天要格外小心熊”，上下文构成因果关系。故选G项。
20．由上文“Go apple or pumpkin picking. There are lots of apple trees in the country where you camp. If you're lucky enough to have one near your chosen campsite, To get even more fun out of autumn, you can also choose to go pumpkin picking.”（去摘苹果或南瓜吧。营地所在的乡下有很多苹果树）。可知，本段讲述可以去采摘苹果和南瓜，露营的乡下有许多苹果树，下文“consider apple picking during the day.”(请考虑在白天采摘苹果)提到了采摘苹果。由逗号可知，设空处是一个从句，要想摘苹果，就要有苹果树，因此推断C选项“如果您有幸在所选营地附近有一棵苹果树”符合语境。故选C项。
第二部分　语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文， 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to ____21____ on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.
Rainforests have ____22____ over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and ____23____ renewable natural resources that for ages, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have ____24____ a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. ____25____, the inner dynamics of a tropical rainforest is an intricate (错综复杂的) and fragile system. Everything is so ____26____ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to____27____ forever.
The scale of human ____28____ on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen — at a cost of our ____29____. In 2001, The World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat, and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2020, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050; ____30____, it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the bulk of the world’s demand for wood.
In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in ____31____. In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the world’s tropical rainforests have fallen ____32____ to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. Unbelievably, more than 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more than 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is severely threatened as the destruction continues. It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. If nothing is done to curb (抑制) this____33____, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years.
Massive____34____ brings with it many ugly consequences—air and water pollution, soil erosion, malaria epidemics, the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the____35____ of biodiversity through extinction of plants and animals. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.
21．A．maintain B．capture C．claim D．prove
22．A．changed B．evolved C．expanded D．existed
23．A．energizing B．healing C．isolating D．breathing
24．A．contributed B．stored C．reduced D．affected
25．A．However B．Furthermore C．Therefore D．Otherwise
26．A．active B．sensitive C．interdependent D．delicate
27．A．restore B．support C．revive D．last
28．A．pressure B．power C．concern D．strength
29．A．existence B．ecosystem C．planet D．survival
30．A．unfortunately B．consequently C．naturally D．similarly
31．A．store B．food C．smoke D．wealth
32．A．subject B．down C．apart D．victim
33．A．trend B．practice C．increase D．attitude
34．A．protection B．industrialization C．modernization D．deforestation
35．A．appearance B．explosion C．loss D．increase
【答案】
21．B    22．B    23．D    24．A    25．A    26．C    27．D    28．A    29．B    30．A    31．C    32．D    33．A    34．D    35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。雨林生态系统经过几百万年的进化变成了现在这么复杂的系统，雨林呈现出生物多样性，但同时也很脆弱，物种之间息息相关，雨林因为要满足人类的经济发展和人口增长的需要而被人类肆意破坏，雨林正在以惊人的速度消失，同时因此产生了多个恶果。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是不可能用胶片拍摄，用语言描述，或解释给从没有去过雨林深处体验过这种令人惊叹的经历的人。A. maintain保持；B. capture拍摄；C. claim声称；D. prove证实。上文“The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. (原始雨林的美丽、庄严和永恒是无法形容的。)”可知，雨林的美只能亲自去体验，电影都无法捕捉到雨林的美和神秘，故选B项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林经过了数百万年的进化，才形成了今天这种难以置信地复杂的环境。A. changed改变；B. evolved进化；C. expanded扩大，增加；D. existed存在。根据句意，雨林变成现在的状态，是经历了几百万年的进化才形成的，evolved符合语境。故选B项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林是一个有生命和还呼吸着的可再生自然资源的宝库，多年来，由于其丰富的动植物物种，为人类的生存和福祉贡献了丰富的资源。A. energizing使人充满活力；B. healing治疗；C. isolating隔离；D. breathing呼吸。根据句意，and前后两个词都强调活着的，现在分词作定语，修饰natural resources，breathing符合语境。故选D项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林是一个有生命和还呼吸着的可再生自然资源的宝库，多年来，由于其丰富的动植物物种，为人类的生存和福祉贡献了丰富的资源。A. contributed有助于，贡献；B. stored储存，容纳；C. reduced减少；D. affected影响。根据句意，雨林中丰富的动植物为人类的生存做出了贡献，contributed符合语境。故选A项。
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，热带雨林的内部动态是一个复杂而脆弱的系统。A. However然而；B. Furthermore而且；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。由下句“Everything is so 　　　6　　　　 that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. (一切都是如此的相互依赖，破坏一个部分会导致未知的损坏，甚至整个森林的毁坏。) ”可知，上文写的雨林的丰富性，此处借助于however，介绍了雨林的脆弱性，与上文形成对比。故选A项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都是如此的相互依赖，破坏一个部分会导致未知的损坏，甚至整个森林的毁坏。 A. active活跃的；B. sensitive善解人意的；C. interdependent相互依赖的；D. delicate脆弱的。根据句意，“牵一发而动全身”，对雨林的任何破坏，都会危及到其他物种，甚至危及整个森林，可推知：雨林中的一切都是相互依赖的。故选C项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，人类只花了一个世纪的干预就摧毁了大自然设计的永存之物。A. restore恢复；B. support支持；C. revive使复兴；D. last持续。上文“Rainforests have 　　　2　　　　 over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. (雨林经过了数百万年的进化，才形成了今天这种难以置信地复杂的环境。)”可知，短短一个世纪，人为干涉就破坏了大自然花了数百万年进化而来的生态系统，倘若没有人为干涉，生态系统本是可以持续永远的，last符合语境。故选D项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句句意：在过去的几十年里，人类对世界各地生态系统的压力大大增加。A. pressure压力；B. power能力；C. concern忧虑，关爱；D. strength实力，强度。由下文“Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. (自1980年以来，全球经济规模增长了两倍，世界人口增长了30%)”可知，随着人类发展经济的生产原材料的需要，以及人口增长导致的对生存物资的需要，人类对生态系统的索取越加增大，生态系统的压力增加了。故选A项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：地球上一切事物的消耗都在增加——以我们的生态系统为代价。A. existence存在；B. ecosystem生态系统；C. planet行星；D. survival生存。上文“The scale of human 　　　8　　　　 on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. (在过去的几十年里，人类对世界各地生态系统的压力大大增加。自1980年以来，全球经济规模增长了两倍，世界人口增长了30%)”可知，经济发展和人口激增，都是在消耗地球生态系统，以生态系统为代价。故选B项。
30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们进一步报告说，到2050年，对木材的需求可能会翻一番；不幸的是，世界上的热带森林仍然是世界木材需求的主要来源。A. unfortunately不幸地，遗憾地；B. consequently因此；C. naturally自然地；D. similarly相似地。根据上下文，雨林已经不堪重荷，但是人类对木材需求还在增加，很不幸地，压力依然落在热带雨林上。故选A项。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，一半以上的雨林已经化为乌有。A. store商店；B. food食物；C. smoke烟；D. wealth财富。短语go up in smoke，意为“像烟一样一下子就消失了，随烟飘散”，smoke符合句意。故选C项。
32．考查名词和动词短语辨析。句意：在不到50年的时间里，世界上一半以上的热带雨林都成为了火灾和电锯的牺牲品，而且这种破坏的速度还在加快。A. subject主题；B. (fall) down跌倒；C. fall (apart)分开；D. victim受害者，牺牲品。空格处单词与后半句中的destruction (毁灭，破坏) 呼应。短语fall victim to，意为“成为……的牺牲品”，为固定搭配，victim符合句意。故选D项。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果什么都不做去控制这种趋势，整个亚马逊森林会在50年内消失。A. trend趋势；B. practice练习；C. increase增加；D. attitude态度。上句“It is estimated that the Amazon alone is vanishing at a rate of 20,000 square miles a year. (据估计，仅亚马逊河就以每年20000平方英里的速度消失)”可知，亚马逊河就以每年20000平方英里的速度消失，如果不控制这一趋势，整个亚马逊森林会在50年内消失。故选A项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大量的毁林会带来严重的后果——空气和水污染、水土流失、疟疾流行、二氧化碳被释放到大气中，以及动植物的灭绝带来的生物多样性的丧失。A. protection保护；B. industrialization工业化；C. modernization现代化；D. deforestation滥伐森林。根据上文“Today, more than half has already gone up in 　　　11　　　. In fewer than fifty years, more than half of the world's tropical rainforests have fallen 　　　12　　　 to fire and the chain saw, and the rate of destruction is still accelerating. (如今，一半以上的雨林已经化为乌有。在不到50年的时间里，世界上一半以上的热带雨林都成为了火灾和电锯的牺牲品，而且这种破坏的速度还在加快。)”可知，雨林受到前所未有的破坏，同时带来了一系列的恶果。deforestation符合语境。故选D项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大量的毁林会带来严重的后果——空气和水污染、水土流失、疟疾流行、二氧化碳被释放到大气中，以及动植物的灭绝带来的生物多样性的丧失。A. appearance出现；B. explosion爆炸；C. loss丧失；D. increase增加。由“extinction of plants and animals (植物和动物的灭绝)”可知，大规模的砍伐森林，会导致森林失去生物多样性。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
The Great Wall is considered the firm backbone of China, while the Grand Canal is the bloodline________36________flows through the  hearts of Chinese people.  With________37________history of  more than 2,500 years, the Grand Canal stretches nearly 3,200 kilometers and is the world’s________38________(long) man-made waterway.
Connecting the  north and south  of China,  the Grand  Canal  connects  trade and________39________(shape)  culture.  That  was  also  the  original  reason________40________the  Grand  Canal  was  built.  However,  as  some  sections  of the canal_______41_______(dry)  up and been disused due to historical evolution and climate change, some people seem to forget its________42________(culture) value.
The urbanization (城市化) has led to garbage and other waste to be willfully (蓄意地) piled up on the waterway by some residents, while_______43_______have even been building illegal structures beside the canal. All of this has damaged the scenic and hydraulic (水力的) qualities of the canal.
But just as Chinese President Xi Jinping once said, “The cultural relics________44________(we) ancestors entrusted (委托) to us must be cherished.”
Many measures have been adopted toward revitalizing (使恢复生机) the Grand Canal. The Grand Canal is taking a turn for the better. There is no doubt that the time-honored Chinese culture is capable of________45________(add) glory to it today and in the days to come.
【答案】
36．that##which    37．a    38．longest    39．shapes    40．why    41．have dried    42．cultural    43．others    44．our    45．adding
【导语】本文是篇说明文。连接着中国南北的大运河，是世界上最长的人造水道，在中国的文化和贸易上都起着举足轻重的作用。但是城市化导致了大运河遭到破坏，不过目前已经采取了多项措施使其恢复生机，并逐步趋于好转。
36．考查定语从句关系词。句意：长城被认为是中国坚实的脊梁，而大运河是流经中国人心中的血脉。分析句子可知，“bloodline”后为定语从句，此处应为定语从句的关系词，在从句中作主语，先行词是“bloodline”，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
37．考查冠词。句意：大运河有2500多年的历史，全长近3200公里，是世界上最长的人造水道。分析句子可知，此处应用冠词，修饰“history”，with a history of... 意为：有着一段……的历史，符合句意。故填a。
38．考查形容词。句意：大运河有2500多年的历史，全长近3200公里，是世界上最长的人造水道。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词，作定语，修饰名词短语“man-made waterway”；由“the world's”并结合常识，大运河在世界上是最长的人造水道，所以应用最高级。故填longest。
39．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：大运河连接着中国的南北，连接着贸易和文化。根据“and”可知，此处与谓语动词“connects”为并列关系，所以也应用一般现在时，且为第三人称单数形式；根据宾语“culture”及句意，用主动形式，所以应用shapes。故填shapes。
40．考查定语从句关系词。句意：那也是大运河修建的最初原因。分析句子可知，“reason”后为定语从句，此处应为定语从句的关系词，在从句中作状语，先行词是“reason”,应用关系副词why。故填why。
41．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：然而，由于历史演变和气候变化，运河的一些部分已经干涸和废弃，因此一些人似乎忘记了它的文化价值。分析句子可知，此处应为谓语动词；由“and”可知，它与“been disused”为并列谓语，结合主句谓语动词“seem”可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语是“some sections”，谓语应用复数形式；dry up 意为：干涸，应为主动语态。故填have dried up。
42．考查形容词。句意：然而，由于历史演变和气候变化，运河的一些部分已经干涸和废弃，因此一些人似乎忘记了它的文化价值。分析句子可知，此处应为形容词，作定语修饰名词“value”。故填cultural。
43．考查代词。句意：城市化导致一些居民在运河上蓄意堆放垃圾，甚至在运河旁建造非法建筑。分析句子可知，此处应用代词，在连词“while”引导的从句中作主语；根据主句中“some residents”及句意，此处应指“其他居民”，应用others。故填others。
44．考查人称代词。句意：我们祖先托付给我们的文化遗产必须被珍惜。根据名词“ancestors”可知，此处应为形容词性的物主代词，作定语修饰“ancestors”。故填our。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：毫无疑问，悠久的中华文化在今天和未来都有能力再创辉煌。根据句中谓语动词“is”可知，此处应用非谓语动词；在介词“of”后应用动名词形式，作宾语。故填adding。
第三部分　写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节　应用文写作(满分15分)
46．假如你是李华，你的外国笔友Jim对中国长城很感兴趣。请你给他根据以下要点给他写一封信， 简要介绍长城的一些情况。
历史：有两千多年的历史。
特点：世界上最长的城墙，长6000多千米;建筑材料主要为石头、砖头，修建工作都是人工进行;主要用于防御外来入侵者(invader)，沿墙每隔几百米就有烽火台(watchtower)。
现状：世界著名旅游景点之一，每年吸引许多国内外游客到长城观光旅游。
注意：1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
Learning that you show great interest in the Great Wall, I’m writing to share some information with you.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Learning that you show great interest in the Great Wall, I’m writing to share some information with you.
The Great Wall, which is more than 6,000 kilometers long, is the longest wall in the world. With a history of over 2, 000 years, it was made of stones and bricks. Besides, almost all the construction was done by hand without any machine. As the wall was built to defend the country against foreign invaders, there were watchtowers every few hundred meters along the wall. Now, the Great wall is one of the most famous places of interest in China, attracting many tourists from home and abroad every year.
As is described above, I believe it is worthwhile to pay a visit to the Great Wall.
Yours,
Li hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外国笔友Jim写一封信，向他介绍中国的长城。
【详解】1.词汇积累
对...感兴趣：show interest in→be interested in
除此之外：besides→in addition
著名的：famous→well-known
许多：many→a great number of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Now, the Great wall is one of the most famous places of interest in China, attracting many tourists from home and abroad every year.
拓展句：Now, the Great wall is one of the most famous places of interest in China, which attracts many tourists from home and abroad every year.
【点睛】【高级句式1】The Great Wall, which is more than 6,000 kilometers long, is the longest wall in the world. （运用了which引导的非限定性定语从句）
【高级句式2】As the wall was built to defend the country against foreign invaders, there were watchtowers every few hundred meters along the wall. （运用了as引导的原因状语从句）
第二节　读后续写(满分25分)
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成为一篇完整的的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
“Maggie, I’ll go to Edinburgh tomorrow for business. Would you like to come with me?” Grandpa asked his young granddaughter.
She looked up at him with excited eyes and said, “Grandpa, I’d love to go. Can we go to the castle (城堡)? Can we shop on the Princes street? Can we go on a double-decker bus (双层巴士)?”
“Hold on there. I can’t promise we will be able to go to the castle ,but perhaps we can do a bit of shopping and go on the bus,”he said, “Go and ask your grandmother if it is all right with her.”
Maggie ran off to find her. She was outside in the garden. “Grandma, can I go with grandpa to Edinburgh tomorrow?”
Grandma stopped weeding the turnip patch. “Go and have fun,” she said.
“Why don’t you come too, Grandma?” Maggie asked.
“I’ve got too much work here. My garden needs weeding and I’ve got to tend to the sheep,” she explained . “You go and enjoy yourself. ”
Maggie hardly slept that night, she’d only been to Edinburgh once before. She was up before the sun rose over the horizon. Grandpa said they were to get an early start. Maggie ate breakfast, which consisted of porridge and a banana, then dressed and was ready to go. Grandpa waited for her outside. “Are you ready?” he asked, smiling down at her.
Maggie was wearing a bright red skirt, a white blouse (衬衫) with little red flowers embroidered on the corner, a red cardigan (开衫),white socks and red shoes, and her brown pigtail (马尾) were tied in red ribbons. “I’m ready, grandpa,”she said excitedly.
He took her by the hand and they walked down to the bus station. They boarded soon after arriving and found a seat near the front. Maggie sat by the window. During the long drive down to the town, she sat staring out of the window. “We are almost there ,”grandpa nudged (轻推) her. “Look up there on the hill. That’s the castle,” he said softly.
Paragraph 1:
At last the bus stopped at the bottom of the hill near the castle.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Grandpa and Maggie walked down the hill, through the park and over to the bus station.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】At last the bus stopped at the bottom of the hill near the castle. He took her hand and they walked up to it. They stood at the wall and overlooked the city. They saw the Firth of Forth and the two bridges that spanned it. Maggie climbed on Mons Meg, a giant cannon. They went into St. Margaret’s Chapel and Maggie loved the stained glass. Two hours passed quickly. Grandpa looked at his watch and said, “Oh dear, it’s time to go. It’s a long ride home still.”
Grandpa and Maggie walked down the hill, through the park and over to the bus station. They caught the next bus and started heading out of the town. Maggie took one last glance back at the castle, the gardens and Princes Street. “Can we come back again?” she asked. “Sure, lass. We’ll come again soon,” Grandpa assured her. Maggie curled up in a ball on the seat next to him,cuddling her new doll, and fell asleep after her tired but wonderful day in Edinburgh.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了麦琪和爷爷一起去爱丁堡出差的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“最后，公共汽车在城堡附近的山脚下停了下来。”可知，第一段可描写麦琪和爷爷在城堡附近的山上看到的景致。
②由第二段首句内容“爷爷和玛吉走下山，穿过公园，来到公共汽车站。”可知，第二段可描写麦琪和爷爷乘坐公共汽车回家途中发生的事情。
2.续写线索：俯瞰城市欣赏美景——回家时间到了——乘坐公共汽车回家——麦琪依依不舍还要再来
3.词汇激活
行为类
①看见：see/spot
②流逝：pass/go by
③开始：start/begin
情绪类
①喜爱：love/like/be fond of
②使人愉快的：wonderful/delightful
【点睛】[高分句型1]They saw the Firth of Forth and the two bridges that spanned it.(运用了that引导限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]Maggie climbed on Mons Meg, a giant cannon.(运用了名词短语作同位语)
[高分句型3] Maggie curled up in a ball on the seat next to him, cuddling her new doll, and fell asleep after her tired but wonderful day in Edinburgh.(运用了现在分词短语作伴随状语)