2020-2021学年Unit 5 First Aid学案

Learning About Language

复习动词-ing形式

观察上面对话, 并用给出词的适当形式填空

1. Reading(read)books widens our knowledge.

2. I suggest putting(put) off the sports meet.

3. Seeing(see) those pictures,  she remembered her childhood.

　　动词的-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式, 由动词原形加-ing构成, 包括-ing分词和-ing动名词。可以在句子中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语。动词-ing形式的时态和语态为:

　　动词-ing形式前面有时可加名词所有格、物主代词或人称代词宾格。动词-ing形式的否定形式是在前面加not。现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。现在分词的完成式通常表示其动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生。

*She sat there, reading a novel. 她坐在那里看小说。

*Being repaired, the swimming pool won’t open until next month.

由于正在被修理, 直到下个月游泳池才会开放。

*Having finished her homework, the little girl began to watch TV. 做完作业后, 这个小女孩开始看电视。

*Having been warned by the teacher, the students didn’t make such mistakes.

被老师警告之后, 学生们不再犯这样的错误了。

*Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

他们来帮忙对我们来说是一个很大的鼓舞。

一、动词-ing形式作主语

　　动词的-ing形式可以在句中作主语, 此时也可称为动名词。

*(2020·浙江高考)Running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating.

经营家庭需要高水平的规划和协调。

*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.

发光的植物可以缩短这段距离, 从而帮助节约能源。

*(2019•全国卷Ⅰ)Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences.

被(他人)喜欢能创造学习和新的生活体验的机会。

　　动词的-ing形式在句中作主语时, 常用it作形式主语, 而把动词的-ing形式放在句后。常用于句型: It is + no use/no good/ fun. . . + doing sth.

*It is no use crying over spilt milk.

覆水难收。

*It’s no good playing computer games too much.

玩太多的电脑游戏没好处。

(1)语法填空

①Working (work) with Jane in the same office helped me to get a good understanding of her independent working style.

②It’s no use complaining (complain) without taking action.

③Volunteering (volunteer) just feels so good.  

④Being invited (invite) to the party was a great honour to the family.  

(2)句式升级

Playing games online is a waste of time.

→It’s a waste of time playing games online.  

二、动词-ing形式作表语

动词-ing形式作表语的两种不同含义: 

1. 动词-ing形式作表语可以表示主语的内容是什么。

*The real question is getting to know the needs of the people.

真正的问题是了解人民的需要。

2. 动词-ing形式作表语还可以表示主语所具有的特征。

*I think that the problem is quite challenging.

我认为这个问题相当有挑战性。

(1)语法填空

①Going into hospital can be very frightening (frighten) for a child.

②Henry’s job is teaching/to teach (teach) physics in a local middle school.  

③Your task is cleaning (clean) the old car over there on your own.

(2)His hobby is reading books in his spare time.  

他的爱好是在业余时间读书。

(3)The trip is very exciting,  and we have decided to have a similar one.  

这次旅行很是激动人心,  我们已决定再进行一次类似的旅行。

三、动词-ing形式作宾语

动词-ing形式既可作动词宾语, 又可作介词宾语。

1. 动词-ing形式作动词宾语

*I hope you will consider travelling to China when you are free.

我希望你在有空的时候考虑来中国旅行。

*I suggest doing it in a different way.

我建议用一种不同的方法做这件事。

2. 动词-ing形式作介词宾语

*(2019•全国卷Ⅱ)The same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.

同样的家长最终会成为这个团队中的非常重要的一员。

*“Only by coming together will we be able to face down the COVID-19 pandemic. ” Guterres wrote in the Guardian.

古特雷斯发表在《卫报》的文章中写道: “只有团结起来, 我们才能战胜新冠肺炎疫情。”

　　　　　　【巧学助记】　口诀记忆只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词

禁止幻想, 　　　　　　　(就)否定设想;

forbid,  fancy,  deny,  imagine

避免错过,  (就)继续苦练;

avoid,  miss, 　　 keep/keep on,  practice

允许冒险, 　　　 (就)考虑逃亡;

allow/permit,  risk,  consider,  escape

推迟完成, 　 (就)期盼原谅;

delay/put off,  finish,  look forward to,  excuse/pardon

承认喜欢, 　　 (就)建议感激;

admit,  enjoy, 　　 suggest/advise,  appreciate

容忍介意, 　　 (就)容忍讨厌。

stand, mind, 　　 bear,  dislike。

　　在need,  want,  require,  be worth等动词(短语)后, 作宾语的动词-ing形式常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如:

*Your cell phone needs repairing.

=Your cell phone needs to be repaired.

你的手机需要维修一下了。

*This newly published book is well worth reading.

= This newly published book is well worth to be read.

这本新出版的书很值得一看。

(1)语法填空

①I’m looking forward to hearing (hear) from you.  

②He devotes himself to looking (look) into the matter.

③She likes spending much money buying (buy) clothes for herself.

④Giving up your plan means losing (lose) a large amount of money.

⑤All of us stopped talking (talk) when we saw our teacher come in.

(2)句型转换

These clothes need washing.

→These clothes need to be washed.  

(3)I love walking with my friend on a sunny day.  

我喜欢和朋友在一个阳光明媚的日子里散步。

四、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语

　　动词-ing形式作宾语补足语, 表示一个正在进行的主动动作或一种状态, 作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式与其前的宾语存在逻辑上的主动关系。能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词:

1. 表示感觉和心理状态的动词, 即“感官动词(组)”, 常见的有see,  hear,  feel,  smell,  find,  notice,  observe,  look at,  listen to等。

*(2019•全国卷Ⅱ)Greg saw,  across a field,  the dog moving cautiously away.

穿过田地, Greg看到一条狗正谨慎地离开。

*When we returned,  we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 当我们回来时, 我们发现一个陌生人站在房子前面。

2. 表示“叫、让、使”等指使意义的动词, 即“使役动词”, 常见的有have,  set,  keep,  get,  leave等。

*It’s very cold. We should have the fire burning all the time.

天很冷。我们应该让火一直燃烧着。

*We can’t have the young man treating the guardian in that rude way.

我们无法容忍那个年轻人如此粗鲁地对待护卫。

动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语补足语的区别

　　在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等感官动词后, 既可用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语, 也可用不带to的不定式构成复合宾语, 两者之间有一定的区别。用v. -ing形式时, 表示动作正在进行; 用不带to的不定式时, 表示动作发生了, 即动作的全过程结束了。

*He saw a girl getting in the car at that time.

那时他看见一个女孩正在上汽车。

*He saw a girl get in the car. 他看见一个女孩上车了。

(1)语法填空

①I felt someone patting (pat) me on the shoulder.

②When he passed the swimming pool,  he saw someone swimming (swim) in it.

③I heard Mary sing (sing)a song in the next room last night.

(2)句型转换

①As time passes by,  we will have a better and better life.

→With time passing by,  we will have a better and better life.  

②I saw that they were coming across the street.

→I saw them coming across the street.  

③I stood on the bridge and watched boats were passing by.

→I stood on the bridge and watched boats passing by.  

五、动词-ing形式作定语

1. 动词-ing形式作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。

*I am proud of our booming country today! 

我为我们如今繁荣发展的国家感到自豪!

*(2019•全国卷Ⅲ)They invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition.

他们邀请我们参加当地活动, 并让我们了解一个有趣的比赛。

2. 动词-ing形式短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面, 相当于一个定语从句。

*Who is the comrade standing by the door(=that is standing by the door)?  站在门边的同志是谁?

*They lived in a house facing south(=that faces south).

他们住在一所朝南的房子里。

3. 动词-ing形式还可以作非限制性定语, 相当于一个非限制性定语从句, 常用逗号和句子其他部分分开。

*The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants. (=which ranges from butterflies to elephants)

国家公园有许多的野生动物, 从蝴蝶到大象。

*When she appeared,  John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat(=who wore a dirty and worn-out overcoat),  ran to her with joy.

当她出现的时候, 约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑向她。

动词-ing形式用作定语时, 可以表示被修饰名词所具有的性质特征(几乎等同于形容词), 也可表示正在进行的动作, 或说明被修饰名词的用途。

*She glanced at the sleeping child and then hurried away.

她瞟了一眼睡着的孩子, 随即匆匆离开了。

(1)语法填空

①The topic being discussed (discuss) now has drawn some experts’ attention.  

②Grandma came into my bedroom with a walking (walk) stick in her hand.

(2)句型转换

①Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the room that/which is used for reading.

→Students are not permitted to speak aloud in the reading room.  

②The boys who are gathering at the school gate are my classmates.

→The boys gathering at the school gate are my classmates.  

六、动词-ing形式作状语

　　动词-ing形式或动词-ing短语作状语时, 可以在句中充当让步、时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随或补充说明等状语, 与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系(是主动的), 有时可以转化成相应的状语从句。

*Not coming on time,  he was punished.

= Because he didn’t come on time, he was punished.

因为没有按时来, 他受到了惩罚。

*Working hard, you will succeed.

=If you work hard, you will succeed.

努力工作, 你就会成功。

*Having failed many times, he didn’t lose heart.

=Though he had failed many times, he didn’t lose heart.

尽管失败了许多次, 他仍然没有失去信心。

*The teacher stood there, reading a newspaper.

=The teacher stood there, and read a newspaper.

(伴随状语, 可以转化为一个并列句)

老师站在那里, 读着报纸。

*Please answer the question using another way.

请用另外一种方式回答问题。

固定的动词-ing形式(短语)作状语

　　高中阶段有一些固定的-ing分词(短语), 如generally speaking(一般来说),  judging from. . . (根据……来判断),  considering. . . (考虑到……),  talking of. . . (谈到……, 提到……),  supposing. . . (假如……)等, 它们的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致。这类词或短语可以被称之为句子的状语, 也可当作一个插入语。如:

*Judging from his accent,  he must come from Canada.

从他的口音看他一定来自加拿大。

*Considering how poor he was,  we decided to let him attend the concert for free.

考虑到他是那么穷, 我们决定让他免费听音乐会。

　　　　　　【知识延伸】

　　动词-ing形式(短语)作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致; 如果不一致, 必须用独立主格结构表示, 也就是在前面加上它的逻辑主语。

*Spring coming, the field are full of life.

春天来了, 田野充满生机。

*The teacher being ill, the lecture was put off.

老师病了, 讲座被推迟了。

(1)语法填空

①Having worked (work) for three hours, he took a rest.

②Tom came dashing (dash) into the room with some film tickets in his hand.

③Having spent(spend) all his money, the boy had to give his mother a call.

(2)句型转换

①When he heard the news,  he couldn’t help laughing.

→Hearing the news,  he couldn’t help laughing.  

②As I don’t know her address,  I had better telephone her to come over.

→Not knowing her address,  I had better telephone her to come over.  

③The child slipped and fell,  hitting his head against the door.

→The child slipped and fell, and hit his head against the door.  

④Having been told many times,  he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.

→Although he had been told many times,  he still didn’t learn these rules by heart.  

⑤Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.

→Morris lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.  

(3)I saw a couple of youngsters throwing rubbish into the lake.  

我看到一对年轻夫妇正往湖里扔垃圾。

(4)Mother has the little girl playing the piano this afternoon.  

母亲让小女孩今天下午一直弹钢琴。

(5)All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem.  

整夜他都醒着, 思考着这个问题。

(6)(2019•全国卷Ⅰ)Hearing these stories, I’m skeptical about the place.  

听到这些故事, 我对这个地方产生了怀疑。

用动词-ing形式简要介绍一下急救知识的重要性

1. 学习一些急救知识是很有必要的。(动词-ing作主语)

2. 在我们的日常生活中, 有一些经常发生的小事故。(动词-ing作定语)

3. 面对一些紧急情况时, 我们应该保持冷静并对患者进行急救。(动词-ing作时间状语)

4. 我建议我们都参加一些急救课程。(动词-ing作宾语)

　　Learning some knowledge about first aid is necessary. There are always some small accidents happening in our daily life. Facing some emergencies,  we should keep calm and perform first aid to the victim,  which can make a difference. Therefore,  I suggest our attending first aid classes.