高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 5 What an adventure!当堂达标检测题

课时素养检测

二十　Unit 5　Period 4

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

(2019·海淀高一检测)

If you’re a cycling lover,  you will have to pay a lot of attention to your bicycle and maintain it well,  for bicycle parts are exposed to wear and tear (磨损) over time and you have to examine the bicycle to see if there are any signs of wearing such as scratches,  dents (凹陷) etc. Sometimes,  a part may not work because it has exceeded its life expectancy. Sometimes,  you will need to find replacement parts for it to keep up the performance of the bicycle.

Different parts of a bicycle will wear at different rates so it is very important that you have a basic understanding about the role played by each part. One of the most important parts of the bicycle is the frame. You will need to choose a frame that lasts for a very long time. Of course,  you will see some paint scratches after some time. When you’re selecting a frame,  you have to think about the material. Aluminium (铝) frames will not rust easily,  but they have a higher chance to dent. Steel frames will be hard to dent,  but you will need to make sure they get a good paint job so that they won’t rust.

Wheels also experience a lot of wear and tear and you should go for a professional seller when you want to buy wheels. There are different types of wheels that you can buy,  like Zipp wheels that provide more aerodynamic efficiency (空气动力学效能). Investing in new tyres instead of going for used is a good idea because you will be able to get more use out of it. The same goes for chain as there’s a higher chance of a used chain breaking. You may also experience shifting problems. However,  some parts of bicycles such as pedals can be used for a long time and you can find different styles.

Other parts that you can buy used are seats,  handlebars and the stem. When you are buying handlebars,  you have to see if there are any dents or if they have been bent out of shape. There shouldn’t be any cracks in the seat post or the handlebars. There are many shops where you can buy parts,  so you will have to check the references to see how customers respond to them before you buy anything.

【语篇概述】这是一篇说明文。对于自行车爱好者而言, 了解自行车的各个部分是如何工作的非常重要。文章针对自行车各个部分, 如车架、车轮和链条的选择等等提出了详细的建议。

1. According to the passage,  cycling lovers should ______.  

A. buy a new bicycle to keep up the performance

B. replace the bicycle parts with signs of wearing

C. choose Aluminium frames rather than steel ones

D. learn how each part of the bicycle basically works

【解析】选D。细节理解题。第二段第一句Different parts of a bicycle will wear at different rates so it is very important that you have a basic understanding about the role played by each part. 可知自行车的不同部件磨损速度不同, 所以对每个部件的作用有一个基本的了解是非常重要的。即自行车爱好者应该了解自行车的各个部分是如何工作的, 故选D。

2. Which parts may be replaced by the used ones?

A. Wheels and chains.

B. Tyres and seats.

C. Handlebars and stems.

D. Frames and pedals.

【解析】选C。细节理解题。第四段第一句Other parts that you can buy used are seats,  handlebars and the stem. 可知选C。

3. The underlined word “references” in the last paragraph probably means “______”.  

A. materials　　　　　 B. prices

C. introductions D. comments

【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据后文to see how customers respond to them before you buy anything可知你在买任何东西之前, 看看顾客的反应如何, 即对这些零件的“评价”, 故可推测划线部分单词意思为“评价”, 故选D。

4. This passage is most likely to be found in ______.  

A. a research report

B. a popular magazine

C. a tourist guide book

D. a product advertisement

【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据文章内容主要为自行车爱好者说明自行车各个部分作用和注意事项, 此类文章最有可能出自一份流行杂志。故选B。

Ⅱ. 完形填空

A man, aged 26,  whose ability to walk was threatened after a car accident in his teens,  completed a 200-mile cycle across Baffin Island in the Arctic. It took him eight days to complete the 　1　. This man was Ben Rockett,  from Taunton,  England.  

He battled 　2　 temperatures of minus 27℃ and wound up to 100 knots to raise more than $1, 000 for the charity Action for Children. Ben had to cycle in 　3　 conditions,  but was helped with a specially designed bike. He spent months 　4　 for the challenge with David Hempleman-Adams,  who was the first person to reach the geographic and magnetic North and South Poles.  

Ben said, “I’ve always loved to cycle in 　5　 places and this was an amazing experience. When I first arrived,  it was nearly minus 30℃,  but the wind was the most 　6　 thing—it was extremely strong and made 　7　 on the bike extremely difficult. ” He added,  “ Any part of the skin that wasn’t covered ran the 　8　 of getting frostbite (冻疮). I had to cycle with my face covered and I wasn’t able to 　9　 any clothing for more than a minute at the most. I also had to keep changing the distribution of weight on my bike to stop it from 　10　 into the deep snow! ” Despite the great risk involved,  he remained optimistic about his surroundings saying,  “The 　11　 was breathtaking and impressive. My favourite part was cycling on top of a river that was frozen solid. It was so clear that it was like hovering (盘旋) above the ground! ” 

Ben decided to 　12　 his Arctic adventure after completing a PhD at the University of Bath,  where he studied the 　13　 of long-term foster care placements (寄养安排) on children and carers. It was then that he knew about the 　14　 of Action for Children,  and wanted to 　15　 money and raise awareness about the charity.  

【语篇概述】这是一篇记叙文。一位叫作Ben Rockett的男子通过骑自行车北极挑战, 意识到应该为孩子们做点事了, 他想集资, 提高慈善意识。

1. A. project　　B. survey　　C challenge　D. connection

【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。project项目; survey调查; challenge挑战; connection连接。完成这次挑战花费了他八天时间。故选C。

2. A. on B. against C. with D. at

【解析】选B。考查介词辨析。on在……表面; against反对, 对抗; with借助, 和; at在。他对抗零下27度的温度。故选B。

3. A. tough  B. specific   C. actual  D. present

【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。tough艰难的; specific特别的; actual真实的; present目前的。根据上文, 要对抗零下27度, 可知处于困难的状况。故选A。

4. A. pushing B. applying

C. preparing  D. searching

【解析】选C。考查动词词义辨析。pushing推; applying申请; preparing准备; searching搜索。他花了数月为这次挑战做准备。故选C。

5. A. unusual     B. public      C. proper D. unknown

【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。unusual不同寻常的; public公共的; proper合适的; unknown未知的。我总是喜欢在不同寻常的地方骑自行车, 这是一次令人惊讶的挑战。故选A。

6. A. surprising B. worrying

C. disappointing D. tiring

【解析】选B。考查形容词词义辨析。surprising令人惊讶的; worrying令人担心的; disappointing令人失望的; tiring累人的。当我到达时几乎是零下30度, 但风是最令人担忧的。故选B。

7. A. sleeping B. standing

C. balancing  D. resting

【解析】选C。考查词义辨析。sleeping睡觉; standing站立; balancing平衡; resting休息。但风是最令人担忧的, 风极其大, 很难掌握自行车的平衡。故选C。

8. A. expense      B. center C. start D. risk

【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。expense花费; center中心; start开始; risk冒险。没有被覆盖的皮肤经历着变成冻疮的风险。故选D。

9. A. remove      B. change      C. wear D. buy

【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。remove移动; change改变; wear穿; buy买。我必须蒙着脸骑自行车, 我移开遮脸的东西最多不能超过一分钟。故选A。

10. A. bumping     B. skiing C. springing      D. sinking

【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。bumping碰撞; skiing滑雪; springing弹起; sinking沉没, 沉陷。我也必须持续改变自行车上重量的分配, 以免陷在深雪里。故选D。

11. A. display      B. scenery C. flood D. fantasy

【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。display展示; scenery风景; flood洪水; fantasy幻想。景色是令人激动和印象深刻的。故选B。

12. A. take up B. take over

C. take down D. take in

【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。take up拿起; 从事; take over接管; take down记下; take in领会。Ben决定在英国巴斯大学完成博士之后从事他的北极冒险。故选A。

13. A. regulations B. agreements

C. effects  D. advantages

【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。regulations条例; agreements协议; effects效果; advantages优点。在英国巴斯大学他研究长期寄养安排对孩子和监护人的影响。故选C。

14. A. progress B. ordinance

C. automation D. work

【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。progress进步; ordinance条例; automation自动化; work工作。是那时他才知道要为孩子做实际工作。故选D。

15. A. collect         B. save C. invest D. make

【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析。collect收集; save拯救; invest投资; make制造。他想筹钱, 并且提高慈善意识。

Ⅲ. 书面表达

　　假如你是李华, 你的英国朋友吉姆(Jim)所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行,  有两条路线可以选择“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。吉姆(Jim)来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信,  内容包括:

1. 你建议的路线;

2. 你的理由;

3. 你的祝愿。

注意: 词数80左右。

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

Dear Jim,

I’m happy to receive your letter and know you’re coming to China.

Of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai,  both are highly recommended. Personally,  I prefer the tour along the Yangtze,  the longest river and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization. You can learn a lot about the history of China and Chinese people. Moreover,  the scenery along the river is amazing,  with many well-known sightseeing spots. That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze will be a better choice.

Hope you’ll have a good time in China.

Yours,

Li Hua

【补偿训练】

Director James Cameron went to new depths for his film-making on Sunday by setting the world record for the deepest ocean dive by a single person.

This type of extreme research is nothing new to the director. Cameron,  57,  is the most famous for directing Titanic(1997) and Avantar(2009). During the several years of research for Titanic,  he famously traveled to the bottom of the ocean to visit the sunken ship. He also visited the deep sea as research for his fictional 1989 film. The Abyss,  which is about a submarine that comes across an alien species. “Most people know me as a film-maker, ”Cameron said. “But the idea of exploring the ocean has always been the stronger drive in my life. ”

Cameron and his team had been preparing for the trip for seven years. On Sunday,  Cameron took more than two and a half hours to make the dangerous 6. 8-mile journey down to the Trench,  an area with near-freezing temperatures,  nosunlight,  and heavy water pressure. Cameron traveled in a 24-foot-long mini-submarine he helped design,  equipped with lights and 3D cameras for filming the adventure. It also had a mechanical arm for collecting samples of soil and deep-sea creatures. Humans had not visited the Mariana Trench since two divers first reached the deep-sea spot in 1960. The divers Don Walsh and Swiss oceanographer Jacques Piccard spent 20 minutes there but could hardly see anything. They took no pictures.

In his well-equipped submarine,  Cameron was able to spend three hours in the Trench,  exploring and filming. He planned to use his recordings in a 3D film production for movie theaters and for a National Geographic TV special. “I see this as the beginning, ” Cameron said. “It’s not a one-time deal. This is just the beginning of opening up this new frontier. ”

【语篇概述】这是一篇人物传记类阅读。文章主要讲了上周日, 英国导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆为他的电影创造了单人深海潜水的世界纪录。

1. We learn from the passage that James Cameron ______.  

A. won’t dive again in the future

B. is known as a film-maker to most people

C. is the only one who has ever been to the deep ocean

D. is famous for having reached the deepest ocean with his friends

【解析】选B。细节理解题。答案定位在第二段“Most people know me as a film-maker, ”Cameron said. 可知, 大多数人都知道詹姆斯·卡梅隆是电影制片人。

2. Which of the following is TRUE about the film The Abyss?

A. It takes place underwater.

B. It was Cameron’s first fictional film.

C. Cameron spent seven years researching for it.

D. Cameron dived to the bottom of the Trench for it.

【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第二段The Abyss,  which is about a submarine that comes across an alien species. (《深渊》讲的是一艘潜水艇遇到了一个外星物种。)由此推断出电影《深渊》发生在水下。

3. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.  

A. Cameron is very interested in high-tech

B. Cameron plans to use his recordings in the deep sea in all his films

C. Cameron will continue his exploration of the deep ocean

D. Cameron wants to make a lot of money from his exploration

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段 “I see this as the beginning, ” Cameron said. “It’s not a one-time deal. This is just the beginning of opening up this new frontier. ”由此推断出, 卡梅隆将继续他的深海探险。

4. What’s the best title for the passage?

A. The Great Movies of James Cameron

B. James Cameron’s Autobiography

C. Hardship Under Water

D. A Director’s Deep Dive

【解析】选D。主旨大意题。第一段Director James Cameron went to new depths for his film-making on Sunday by setting the world record for the deepest ocean dive by a single person. 是全文的主题句, 结合全文内容, 可知这篇文章主要讲了一位导演的深潜。