高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 5 Nelson Mandel -- a modern hero同步训练题

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero课时作业

using language

第一节  语法填空

Eat healthier without quitting sugar

Not long ago, fat was regarded as the evil for a healthy diet. Before that it was salt. Now the sugar-free diet  ____1____ (explode) onto the health scene —and seems to have topped many people’s list of New Year’s resolutions.

Sugar-free diets encourage people to avoid sweeteners such as honey, soft drinks and some fruits. Some also recommend  ____2____ (restrict) dairy products. The diet’s advocates note that excessive sugar consumption may increase the risk of heart disease and some cancers. So many sugar-free followers avoid milk, yoghurt and cheese  ______3______ the assumption that these products contain sugars.

It’s true we are swallowing too much of the sweet stuff, with the average American consuming around 20 teaspoons of ____4____ (add) sugar a day. But you don’t need  ____5____ (quit) sugar for healthy eating. Quitting sugar is unlikely to improve your health any more than cutting down on over-processed foods and eating more vegetables.

Research shows dieting is not effective over the long term and can lead to greater weight gain over time. The brain interprets dieting and restriction as hunger,  ____6____ causes the storage of fat. Besides, the sugar-free diet is confusing and imposes a set of rules that  ____7____ (make) up without scientific evidence. Such a restrictive diet can create food fear or an unhealthy relationship with food. People who worry about food are more likely to diet. This may be ____8____they are worried about their weight, or about the impact certain nutrients have on their health.

Through series of experiments, ____9____ the researchers are certain about is that you can eat plenty of plants, enjoy whole grains and beans. Fruit is your friend, not your enemy. Most people could probably eat a little less sugar, a little  ____10____ (often), but you don’t have to quit it for good to be healthy.

【答案】

1. has exploded    2. restricting    3. due to/ owing to/ because of    4. added    5. to quit    6. which    7. are made/have been made    8. because    9. what    10. less often

【解析】

这是一篇议论文。无糖饮食已经爆炸式地进入健康领域，节食的倡导者认为过量的糖摄入可能会增加患心脏病和一些癌症的风险，所以一些人们避免吃甜食，一些人还建议不要吃乳制品。然而，研究表明，长期而言，节食是无效的，而且随着时间的推移，会导致体重增加。此外，无糖饮食令人困惑，并强加了一套没有科学证据的规则。这种限制性的饮食会造成对食物的恐惧或产生对食物不健康的看法。所以可以偶尔少吃一点糖，但不必为了健康而放弃糖。

【1题详解】

考查现在完成时。句意：现在，无糖饮食已经在健康领域炸开了锅，而且似乎已经成为许多人新年计划的首选。分析句意可知，本句为现在完成时，主语为sugar-free diet ，所以谓语为has exploded。故填has exploded。

【2题详解】

考查动名词。句意：一些人还建议限制奶制品的摄入。recommend doing sth“建议做某事”为固定短语。故填restricting.

【3题详解】

考查介词短语。句意：很多无糖的追随者不吃牛奶、酸奶和奶酪，由于他们认为这些产品含有糖分。分析句意可知，由于很多无糖的追随者认为这些产品含有糖分，所以他们不吃牛奶、酸奶和奶酪。所以空处填due to/ owing to/ because of“由于” ，其中to/of为介词后接名词assumption作宾语。故填due to/ owing to/ because of。

【4题详解】

考查形容词。句意：的确，我们正在吞下太多的甜食，平均每个美国人每天大约消耗20茶匙的添加糖。这里指的是被添加的糖，所以用ed结尾的形容词修饰名词。added“添加的”为形容词修饰名词sugar。故填 added。

【5题详解】

考查动词不定式。句意：但是你不需要为了健康的饮食而停止吃糖。need to do sth“需要做某事”为固定短语。故填 to quit .

【6题详解】

考查关系代词。句意：大脑将节食和对事物的限制解读为饥饿，这会导致脂肪的储存。分析句子可知，本句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前面的整个句子，作后面定语从句的主语。故填which .

【7题详解】

考查一般现在时的被动语态/现在完成时的被动语态。句意：此外，无糖饮食令人困惑，并强加了一套没有科学依据的规则。分析句子可知， a set of rules 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语。且与谓语make为被动。分析句意可知，本句为一般现在时/现在完成时。故填are made/have been made。

【8题详解】

考查从属连词。句意：这可能是因为他们担心自己的体重，或者担心某些营养物质会对健康产生影响。分析句子可知，本句为表语从句。分析句意可知，空处缺少表示原因的连接词，所以空处填because。故填 because。

【9题详解】

考查连接代词。句意：通过一系列的实验，研究人员确定的是，你可以吃大量的绿色食品，享受全谷物和豆类食物。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句，about为介词，缺少宾语，所以用what作about的宾语。故填what 。

【10题详解】

考查副词比较级。句意：大多数人可以偶尔吃一点糖，但你不必为了健康而戒掉它。由“a little less sugar”可知，大多数人可以少吃一点糖，但不要经常吃糖。所以用often比较级的否定形式，less often。故填less often。

【点睛】定语从句的关系词的选择可考虑以下三点：

(1) 一看先行词的意义，即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等)。

(2) 二看关系词的句法功能，即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why)；

(3) 三看定语从句的种类，即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句)。

分析小题6的句子可知，本句为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which代替前面的整个句子，作后面定语从句的主语。故填which .

第二节  应用文写作

假定你是高三学生李华。你感到新作文题型——读后续写（extended writing）很具挑战性。请给外教 Mike 写一封信，咨询他的建议。

内容包括：

1. 写信原因；

2. 题型简介；

3. 你的困难。

注意：

1. 写作词数应为 80 左右；

2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。

【答案】

Dear Mike,

I’d like your advice on my English study.

Our new writing task, called “extended writing”, requires us to write a reasonable ending to an incomplete story we’re given. Obviously, this is a very open-ended task with multiple possibilities. While I enjoy the creativity of this task, I find it challenging to identify the plot points of interest and to give my version the best possible ending. I also have trouble expressing my ideas accurately due to my limited vocabulary.

Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

【解析】

这是一篇提纲类作文。要求考生用英语给外教写一封信，咨询他对于作文题型——读后续写的建议。

【详解】第一步：审题

体裁：提纲类作文

时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时。

结构：总分法

要求：包含写信原因；题型简介；你的困难。

第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）

advice；require；reasonable；incomplete；multiple；creativity；plot；accurately

第三步：连词成句

1. I’d like your advice on my English study.

2. Our new writing task, called “extended writing”, requires us to write a reasonable ending to an incomplete story we’re given.

3. Obviously, this is a very open-ended task with multiple possibilities.

4.While I enjoy the creativity of this task I find it challenging to identify the plot points of interest and to give my version the best possible ending.

5. I also have trouble expressing my ideas accurately due to my limited vocabulary.

6. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

7. Looking forward to your reply.

第四步：连句成篇

1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last

2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including,

3.表转折对比关系：while, meanwhile, However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that…

4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result

连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。

第五步：润色修改

【点睛】文章结构合理，思路清晰，使用了恰当的连接词及词组使行文连贯，如“While，and”，也运用了一些高级词汇和表达，如“advice；require；reasonable；incomplete；multiple；creativity；plot；accurately”以及状语从句“While I enjoy the creativity of this task, I find it challenging to identify the plot points of interest and to give my version the best possible ending.”等，增加了文章的亮点，体现了学生较高的英语学科素养。

第三节 读后续写

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

“Ada! Milk!” Mama called.

Milk. It was Ada’s turn to get it. Ada sighed and shut her first-aid book. Her head hurt from reading in the dim morning light, but how else was she going to learn?

Ada tied the cow close to a tree. Somewhere down the mountain, some volunteer doctors were teaching medical skills to village nurses. Ada heard Betty drive off hours ago. “She should have taken me with her. She thinks I’m too young, but she’s wrong. I am already 16!” Ada thought.

Ada carried the milk back to Mama, then wandered up the road. Roy, a village boy, had gotten a donkey, and some kids had gathered around to see it. Roy was always doing something to get attention. Like now: he was trying to stand on the animal’s bare back.

“No wonder they don’t trust kids with anything important”, Ada thought, sighing. She had just turned away when she heard a thud and a few screams. Roy lay on the ground nearby moaning in pain. The donkey stood several meters away. “Roy!” The kids nearby ran towards him. “Get Betty,” one said. Ada shook her head. “Betty’s gone to the city.” The other kids seemed frozen in place.

Ada ran to where Roy was lying. She dropped to her knees on the dusty road. “Roy! Can you hear me?” Roy moaned in agony. Ada saw that one of his legs was crooked, bent a little sideways between the knee and the ankle. A broken leg!

She remembered what the first-aid book had said about broken legs: if there is no ambulance, straighten the bone before moving the victim. There certainly wouldn’t be any ambulance here. Ada looked back up the road. The other kids were still standing there, watching. “Victor!” Ada called to one of the boys. “Go get Roy’s mama, and find someone with a truck.” She turned to the others. “Give me your shirts. We need something to tie his leg with.”

注意：

1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Ada then found a strong stick, which she would use to keep his leg straight.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The next day, Betty came to Ada’s home.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【答案】Ada then found a strong stick, which she would use to keep his leg straight. She gently explained what she was going to do then carefully wrapped the shirts around Roy’s leg and the stick. Roy cried out in pain. “I know it hurts,” Ada said softly. “But this will hold it still until you get to the hospital.” When Ada was done, she looked up and saw Roy’s mama watching from a few meters away. Behind her was a neighbor in a pickup truck. When Ada stepped away, Roy’s mama ran over and held Roy’s face in her hands. “Thank you, Ada,” she said. Ada helped them lift Roy into the truck, then they drove down the hillside towards the hospital.

The next day, Betty came to Ada’s home. “I heard what you did,” Betty said. “You kept your head in an emergency. That’s an important skill.” Ada’s face turned red. “I was afraid ...” Betty shook her head. “It’s OK for a nurse to be afraid, as long as she has a clear head. The volunteer doctors are coming tomorrow with vaccines. We need some more hands. Can you help?” “I’d love to.” Ada replied at once. “Come early, then. There is a lot to learn.” Ada smiled. “I’ll bring my first-aid book.”

【解析】

本篇书面表达是读后续写。通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要讲述了 Amy 运用自己在急救书上学的知识头脑冷静地救助了一个从马背上摔下来的小男孩的故事，从这个故事中“我们”可以学到：书本上的知识是可以被运用到现实生活中去的。

【详解】续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：然后，Ada找到了一根坚固的棍棒，她将用它来保持他的腿伸直……，所以应该写Ada对Roy进行急救的过程，Roy的妈妈对Ada表示感谢，最后上车前往医院等。第二段开头是：第二天，Betty来到Ada的家。本段应该写Betty对Ada的认可，在志愿者医生来注射疫苗时希望得到Ada的帮助，Ada答应提供帮助等。文章最后指出一个道理——书本上的知识可以被运用到现实生活中。

【点睛】文章结构合理，思路清晰，使用了恰当的连接词及词组使行文连贯，如“which，until，when”，也运用了一些高级词汇和表达，如“gently；towards；emergency；afraid；reply；step”以及状语从句“But this will hold it still until you get to the hospital.”“When Ada stepped away, Roy’s mama ran over and held Roy’s face in her hands.”等，增加了文章的亮点，体现了学生较高的英语学科素养。