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高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 5 Nelson Mandel -- a modern hero教案
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 5 Nelson Mandel -- a modern hero教案，共19页。
重点词汇
1．quality n．质量；品质；性质
(教材原句)And what qualities does a great person have? 而且一个伟人具有什么样的品质？
be of in quality 在质量方面
We provide goods and services of high quality.
考试链接：
(1)The food is .
这种食品质量最优。
(2)What is the you most admire in others?
你最羡慕其他人的什么品质？[来源:学科网ZXXK]
Keys: (1)of the highest quality (2)quality
2．devote vt.献身；专心于(与介词to 连用)
(教材原句)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.
伟人是把自己的一生致力于帮助别人的人。
devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于……；致力于……=be devoted to献身于;专心致力于
devote one’s life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth. 把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于……
devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
devotion n.关爱,关照;奉献,忠诚
be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于……；致力于……；奉献于……；热衷于……
a devoted friend 挚友
考试链接：
(1)His life is one the people.
他的一生是全心全意为人民服务的一生。
(2)He his whole life the cure of cancer.
他的一生都在研究癌症的治疗。
Keys: (1)devoted to (2)devoted；to studying
3．vote vt. & vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决
(教材原句)Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.
黑人不能投票或选举他们的领袖。
vote for/against投票赞成/反对 vote on 就……投票
vote to do sth. 投票去做某事 take/have a vote on对……进行表决
考试链接：
(1) To our delight, over 60% of the members voted_____the plan which was beneficial(有益于） to air quality.
(2) He was rather upset that most of the people present at the meeting voted____him.
(3) We held a meeting to vote____whether the use of petrol should be controlled.
Key: (1)for (2)against (3)on
4．attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击n.攻击；进攻；病情发作(可数名词)
(教材原句)We chose to attack the laws.我们选择向法律进攻。
The newspapers attacked the Prime Minister because of the new law.
由于这项新法令的颁布，各家报纸纷纷对首相进行抨击。
make an attack on/upon 对……发起进攻；攻击
be/come under attack 遭到攻击
a heart attack 心脏病突发
考试链接：
(1) The planes______(对……进行袭击） the city at midnight.
(2) It is cloudy. It seems as if our city is ________(受……侵袭） of a thunder storm.
Key: (1) made an attack on (2) under attack
5．equal
(教材原句)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。
(1)adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的
be equal to 与……相等；胜任；能应付 be equal with 与……平等
As far as I know, he is quite equal to the job.
They believe that the rich are equal with the poor.
(2)vt.比得上；敌得过
equal sb. in 在……方面比得上某人
No one can equal_him_in playing chess. 论下棋，没有人能比得上他。
(3)n.相等的事物；对手；匹敌
He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。
考试链接：
(1)They are equal in ability.＝They are .
他们能力相当。
(2)Though she is young, she in music.
尽管她很年轻，但在音乐方面没有人能比得上她。
Keys: (1)of equal ability (2)has no equal
6．escape vt.& vi.逃避；逃脱；避免；逃走；泄露 n.逃走；逃脱；逃避；泄露
(教材原句)It was a prison from which no one escaped.
那是一座任何人都逃不出的监狱。
escape from＋n. 从……中逃脱
escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事
have a narrow escape 死里逃生
①He escaped from the prison but soon was caught.他从监狱里逃跑了，但很快就被抓住了。
②I find no excuse to escape doing the work. 我找不出借口来逃避这项工作。
[点津] escape后面接非谓语动词作宾语时要用动名词，不能用不定式。
③Believe it or not, I had a narrow escape. 信不信由你，我死里逃生。
考试链接：
(1)You are lucky to escape punishment.＝You are lucky to escape .
你逃过了处罚，真是幸运。
(2)He had a . 他九死一生。
Keys: (1)being punished (2)narrow escape
7.reward v．奖励；奖赏；n.奖赏；回报；酬金
例句：This may seem like a lot of time，but the rewards are well worth it.
这可能需要大量时间，但回报是值得的。
►词语链接
in reward for为奖赏……
reward sb. for sth.因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb. with sth.用某物回报某人
考试链接：
(1)He was given a medal as his service.
作为对所提供服务的奖赏，他得到了一枚奖章。
(2)This for Kathy but obviously it had to be stopped.
对凯西来说，这一定是非常值得做的，但它显然要被停止了。
award，reward的异同:
作名词时，award意思是“奖品”、“奖金”。而reward作名词时，意为“赏金”、“酬金”或一些非金钱的报酬。例：The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award．
We will offer a reward of ten thousand dollars for information about the case．如果有人提供有关案件的情报，我们愿意出一万元赏金。
用作动词时，award的意思是“授与”、“颁发”、“判给”；reward则表示“报答”、“酬谢”之意。例：
He was awarded the first prize for Outstanding Industrial Design．他获杰出工业设计一等奖。
Keys: (2)a reward for (3)must have been very rewarding
8．beg vi.& vt.请求；乞求(begged, begged)
(教材原句)All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends.在那段时期，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友处讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。
beg for sth. 讨要某物
beg sb. for sth. ＝ beg sth. from/of sb. 向某人讨要某物
beg sb. to do sth. 乞求某人做某事
考试链接：
(1) The flood did great damage to the crops. The people there had to beg ____ food.
(2) He stood outside the door,_____(beg) to be forgiven.
Key:(1) for (2)begging
9．reward n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏
(教材原句)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.
他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。
as a reward for作为对……的报酬/奖赏 in reward 作为报酬
reward sb. for ... 因为……而酬谢某人 reward sb. with ... 用……酬谢某人
①She got nothing as a reward for her kindness.
她的好心没有得到一点回报。
②Is that how you reward_me_for my help?
那就是你怎么报答我的吗？
③She started singing to the baby and was_rewarded_with a smile.
她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。
考试链接：
(1)He was given a medal as his service.
作为对所提供服务的奖赏，他得到了一枚奖章。
(2)This for Kathy but obviously it had to be stopped.
对凯西来说，这一定是非常值得做的，但它显然要被停止了。
award，reward的异同:
作名词时，award意思是“奖品”、“奖金”。而reward作名词时，意为“赏金”、“酬金”或一些非金钱的报酬。例：The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award．
We will offer a reward of ten thousand dollars for information about the case．如果有人提供有关案件的情报，我们愿意出一万元赏金。
用作动词时，award的意思是“授与”、“颁发”、“判给”；reward则表示“报答”、“酬谢”之意。例：
He was awarded the first prize for Outstanding Industrial Design．他获杰出工业设计一等奖。
Keys: (2)a reward for (3)must have been very rewarding
重点短语
1．be active in sth. 积极从事某事 2．devote oneself to 献身于
3．in a peaceful way 用一种和平方式 4．out of work 失业
5．vote for/against 投票赞成/反对 6．answer violence with violence 用暴力反抗暴力
7．turn to 求助于；致力于 8．be in trouble在危险受罚痛苦忧虑等处境中
9．as a matter of fact 事实上 10．blow up 使充气；爆炸
11．lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 12．escape from 逃离；逃脱
13．come to power 当权；上台 14．set up 设立；建立
15．be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑) 16．in one’s opinion 从某人的观点来看
17．stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 18．take ...around 领……参观
【长难句解析】
1．However, this_was_a_time_when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
可是在那个时候，你若想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
this/that is/was a time when ... 这/那是一个……的时期
there was a time when ...曾有一段时间……
①That was a time when black people were treated unfairly.
那是一个黑人受到不公平待遇的时期。
②That was about a time when there were black slaves in North America.
那是一个美国北部还存在黑奴的时代。
③There_was_a_time_when women were not allowed to go to school.
曾经有一段时间，妇女不允许去上学。
2．The_last_thirty_years_have_seen_ the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a_stage_where we have almost no rights at all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，直到今天我们已到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。
(1)see, find 等有些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。该句是一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。
①The stone bridge saw many changes of this city. 这座石桥见证了这个城市的诸多变化。
②The dusk found a little girl crying by the river. 黄昏时，一个小女孩在河边哭。
(2)当先行词是 stage, situation, case, point, position时，定语从用where或in which来引导。
③The baby has reached the/a_stage_where he can stand up.这个婴儿可以站起来了。
④You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
你可能会遇到一种情况，要你不得不立刻作出决定。
⑤We are now in a_good_position_where we can be very successful this year.
现在我们处于一个良好的境况中，今年我们会大获成功。
3．We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed ... only_then_did_we decide to answer violence with violence.
首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律；而当这种方式也得不到允许时……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
当“only＋状语/状语从句”置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，即把助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语前面。
①Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法，你才可能解决这个问题。
②Only when one loses freedom does_he_know its value.
只有当失去自由时，人们才懂得它的价值。
③Only by shouting was_he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.
他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。
[点津] 若only修饰主语，即使在句首也不用倒装。
④Only she can finish the work in an hour. 只有她能在一小时内完成这个工作。
考试链接：
(1)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
只有在他们讨论这个问题好几个小时之后他们才作出决定。
(2)Only when the war was over .
只有战争结束时他才能够回到家里。
(3)Only some of the children it.
似乎只有一部分孩子明白。
Keys: (2)was he able to return home (3)seemed to have understood
4．He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。
should have done 意为“过去本应该做某事而没做”。 shouldn’t have done 指“本不应该做某事而做了”。
①You should have been here at four o’clock, but you didn’t.
4点时你就应该在这儿，可是你不在。
②I should_have_done the shopping with you yesterday.
昨天我本应该陪你一起去购物的。
③I shouldn’t have treated you in such bad manners this morning.
今天上午我本不应该以那样不礼貌的方式对待你的。
5．I felt bad the_first_time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
the first time 是名词短语，在句中作连词词组，引导时间状语从句。类似的短语还有every/each time (每次……就……；每当)，next time(下次)，any time(任何时候)，last time (上次……时)，by the time(到……为止)等。
①He was struck by her beauty the first time he saw her. 他第一次见她时就被她的美丽迷住了。
②The_last_time I saw him, he was playing by the river. 我最后一次见到他时，他正在河边玩耍。
③I feel sick every time I am on a bus. 每次坐公共汽车我都晕车。
④Next_time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。
比较 for the first time, the first time, it’s the first time that ...
for the first time
介词短语，意为“第一次”，在句中作状语
the first time
名词短语，意为“第一次”，可用作连词，引导状语从句
it’s the first time
that ...
固定句型，意为“这是……第一次……”，that从句要用完成时。此外，it也可用this 或 that替换
用for the first time, the first time和it’s the first time that ...填空
⑤I fell in love with you the_first_time I saw you. 我第一次见到你时就爱上了你。
⑥It’s_the_first_time_that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。
⑦At the beginning of school, the two students met for_the_first_time.
在开学的时候，那两名学生第一次见面.
【定语从句】
基本概念：
定语从句:修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
先行词:被定语从句所修饰说明的词称为先行词。
关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
（本单元着重介绍关系副词引导的定语从句）
1.when,where,why引导的定语从句
(1)when在定语从句中作时间状语
I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.我还记得我第一次去长城那一天。
The day when we get together will come soon.我们重聚的日子很快就会来的。
(2)where在定语从句中作地点状语
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
He is now working in the factory where his father worked.
现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。
(3)why在定语从句中作原因状语
Can you explain the reason why you don’t want to help him?
你能解释一下你不想帮助他的理由吗?
The reason why he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard.
他这次考试成功的原因是因为他学习非常努力。
注意：
不管先行词表示的是时间、地点还是原因,只要在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,引导词就要用which或that。
I’ll never forget the days (which/that) we spent in the small village.
我永远忘不了我们在那个小村庄度过的那些日子。(作宾语)
Is this the farm (which/that) you visited last week?
这是你们上周参观过的那个农场吗?(作宾语)
The park which/that attracts the most visitors will be closed.
吸引参观者最多的那个公园将要关闭了。(作主语)
The reason (which/that) he explained at the meeting was not sound.
他在会议上解释的原因并不充分。(作宾语)
2.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系代词要用which或whom。
先行词指物时,用which;先行词指人时,用whom。在这个结构中,介词的使用原则是:
(1)根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯
(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯
I still remember the day on which I first came to this school.
我仍然记得我第一次来这所学校的那一天。
Do you remember the year in which you first visited Beijing?
你记得你第一次参观北京的那一年吗?
(3)表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,用of
The old woman has two sons,both of whom are doctors.
这位老太太有两个儿子,两个儿子都是医生。
注意：
“介词+which”结构可代替定语从句中的引导词when和where。
He was born in Germany where (in which) he stayed for 12 years.
他出生在德国,他在那儿待了12年。
She arrived at 12 o’clock when (at which) it was raining heavily.
她12点到达,那时正在下大雨。
【练习】
定语从句
A:划出下列定语从句的先行词,并将其放回从句中构成完整的从句。(第一句为例子)
例句 1). The time when i first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
I first met Nelson Mandela at the time.
2)... Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
3). He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
4) The school where i studied for only two years was three kilometers away.
5). However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
6). The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.
7)....we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
8). The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people
9). The places outside the town where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.
10).we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
11). We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful.
12). They could not get the jobs they wanted.
B.填入适当的关系词
1)It was a prison________no one escaped.
2)Mr Mandela began a school for those of us ______had little learning.
3)He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings_______we should have been asleep.
4) We used anything________we could find to make candles to see the words.
5)I remember the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends________had died.
6)The person_______I lived was a good friend of mine.
7) The house________I was staying was far away from my work.
8)The company_______I worked was founded five years ago.
9)The address________all my letters were sent was in South Africa.
10)The scientist________all of us should learn never loses heart whenever he is in trouble.
答案：1. where 2. who 3. when 4.that 5. who 6. with whom 7.at which 8..in which 9.from which 10.from which
[语言知识练习固基础]
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The woman is too mean (吝啬的) to make a donation.
2．You must try to improve the quality (质量) of all your goods.
3．Do you know when the government was founded (成立)?
4．She takes a(n) active (积极的) part in school life.
5．All people are equal (平等的), having the same rights as each other.
6．I was a fairly good football player in my youth (青年时期)．
7．China is playing an important role on the international political stage (舞台)．
8．We must follow the principle (原则) that education should be fair to everyone.
9．It does serious harm to children's character that too much violence (暴力) is shown on television.
10．Bill is a generous (大方的) person, who has given millions of dollars to help those people in the disasterhit area.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I think you should settle your problem in a peaceful (peace) way. Fighting can't solve any problems.
2．He offered guidance (guide) to the poor people on their legal rights.
3．It's illegal (legal) to read people's private letters without permission.
4．The lawyer is willing (will) to help those in trouble.
5．The money was divided equally (equal) among her four children.
6．The professor was devoted (devote) to his research work, caring little about other things.
7．Nowadays many school children devote too much time to playing (play) computer games.
8．Founded (found) in last century, the church has a history of about 90 years.
9．Amy had great trouble making (make) up her mind to send her daughter to go abroad.
10．There was once a time when black people were treated badly.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in trouble， as a matter of fact， under attack， out of work， vote for， turn to， blow up， be equal to
1．He didn't obey the rules of the company, so he is out_of_work now.
2．You might think we are close friends. As_a_matter_of_fact,_I don't know the person who spoke to me just now.
3．In modern society, many people often turn_to the Internet for help when they run into problems.
4．I think he should be given the position because he is_equal_to it.
5．He was very happy when many supporters voted_for him.
6．He robbed the bank last month and now he is in_trouble.
7．The General commanded the soldiers to blow_up the bridge before the enemies came.
8．When an animal is under_attack,_it can run away or fight back.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Elias was a poor black worker. The time 1.when he first met Nelson Mandela was 2.a very difficult period of his life. Nelson Mandela offered 3.guidance (guide) to poor black people on their legal problems. Elias was not at school for long, for his family could not afford his school fees and the bus fare. When he 4.was_worried (worry) about whether he would be out of work because he didn't have one passbook, Nelson Mandela told him what to do. That day was one of Elias' 5.happiest (happy) days in his life. Later, Elias joined the ANC Youth League 6.organized (organize) by Nelson Mandela. In 1963, Elias helped Mandela 7.(to)_blow (blow) up some government buildings. It was very dangerous 8.but Elias was happy because he thought 9.it would help them achieve their dream of making black and white people 10.equal (equality)．
Ⅰ.语境填词
A)根据汉语提示，写出下列语句中所缺单词的正确形式
1．We must follow the principle(原则)that education should be fair to everyone.
2．It does serious harm to children's character that too much violence(暴力)is shown on television.
3．The product is of very good quality(质量)，so it sells well.
4．In my opinion，it is a mean(卑鄙的)thing to do.
5．Our family vote(投票表决)to turn to the lawyer for help.
B)在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
6．Activities all take place under the guidance(guide) of an experienced teacher.
7．It's so unfair(fair)—she gets more money for less work!
8．He is a devoted(devote)friend of mine，a man I can always depend on.
9．It was reported that the city was under attack yesterday and it was completely destroyed.
10．Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the spelling mistake.
C)用适当的关系词或介词＋关系代词填空
1．Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
2．Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.
3．Can you explain the reason why you don't want to help him?
4．I bought many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.
5．This is the business to which the Greens are devoted.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每个句子仅有1处错误)
1．I'm devoting all my time and energy to care for my parents right now.care→caring
2．He was out of the work owing to a physical injury.work前的the去掉
3．As matter of fact，business has come to a stop.As后加a
4．A police officer was killed when his car blows up.blows→blew
5．She experienced a joy in helping others in the trouble.trouble前的the去掉
Ⅲ.完形填空
Miners are typically regarded as workers carrying shovels.I suppose that is 1 we see them as people who dig.We as the human race can 2 a lot from miners and how they dig to get the best from the depths.We 3 can get the best from our depths.
My 4 ，Francis Lewis Yohnke，who was born colorblind(色盲的)，worked in the mines.He was colorblind not only in 5 ，but also in how he saw his 6 workers，and the unimportance of the color of their 7 or origin；he held no prejudice(偏见)in any way.
It was an evening in 1968，and our summer sun had just 8 ．There was a knock on our front door and a neighbor who lived up the street from us was 9 my father.
He had just been 10 from jail and had previously worked an office job at the Allan mine(a mine that my father had helped build some years earlier) after it was completed.He had been 11 taking money from the company and had just finished serving 12 for cheating.
Now out of jail and having a 13 time finding steady work(he had his house，family and kids to support)，he was 14 of money.
After discussing his 15 with my father outside on our home's front steps，Dad came in and asked Mom(she took care of the family finances)to write a $100 16 out to him.
This was a 17 amount of money back then.Dad knew that the money wouldn't be 18 ．He knew our own family would have to make adjustments to our own 19 over the coming months to make up for the lost income.That was Dad， 20 ready to help another.
【语篇解读】 本文为夹叙夹议文。作者的父亲虽然是一位矿工，但是身上有很多值得我们学习的地方，如平等待人、热情助人。
(教师用书独具)
【重点词语链接】 prejudice n．偏见
We should hold no prejudice against those who are disabled.我们对那些残疾人不应该有偏见。
1．A．why B．because C．when D．where
B [那是因为(because)我们把他们(矿工)看成挖掘工。]
2．A．experience B．suffer C．imagine D．learn
D [由下文“they dig to get the best from the depths.We 3 can get the best from our depths”可知，矿工值得赞扬，因此我们可以从他们身上学到很多东西。]
3．A．still B．too C．quite D．soon
B [上下文为类比推理，此处表示我们也(too)能从深处得到最好的东西。]
4．A．father B．mother C．brother D．grandma
A [由下文内容可知，这里指的是父亲。]
5．A．mind B．future C．vision D．action
C [由常识可知，患有色盲的人主要是视觉上有问题。]
6．A．favorite B．white C．senior D．fellow
D [此处指在对待同事上作者的父亲也是平等的。fellow worker意为“同事”。]
7．A．figure B．skin C．condition D．health
B [结合空后的origin可知，作者的父亲对待同事没有偏见，不分肤色(skin)和出身。]
8．A．set B．risen C．changed D．gone
A [由语境“It was an evening in 1968”可知，当时太阳已经下山了(set)。]
9．A．sending for B．leaving for C．calling on D．turning on
C [由语境“There was a knock on our front door”，可知，有人来拜访(call on)作者的父亲，下文也有说明。]
10．A．released B．picked C．attacked D．found
A [由下文中的“Now out of jail”可知，他已经从监狱里被释放(release)出来了。]
11．A．protected B．prevented C．caught D．kept
C [他被发现从公司里拿钱。catch sb.doing sth.意为“发现某人在做某事”，此处为其被动形式。]
12．A．people B．army C．mines D．time
D [由语境可知，他已经刑满释放。serve time意为“服刑”，其他选项均不符合语境。]
13．A．difficult B．wonderful C．good D．happy
A [由下文描述的情况及常识可推知，他刚刚出狱，要找到一份稳定的工作非常困难。]
14．A．generous B．short C．hopeful D．selfish
B [由上文描述的情况及下文父亲给他钱可知，他资金短缺。be short of money意为“缺钱”。]
15．A．position B．principle C．education D．situation
D [在他和作者的父亲讨论了他目前的情况之后，父亲进屋和母亲商议给他开一张支票。]
16．A．note B．cash C．cheque D．change
C [由上文“she took care of the family finances”可知，父亲让母亲给他开一张100美元的支票。cheque“支票”，符合语境。]
17．A．large B．small C．certain D．proper
A [当时100美元是一笔数目不小的钱。由下文中的“make adjustments...for the lost income”可知答案。]
18．A．changed B．returned C．wasted D．rewarded
B [父亲知道这钱不会被归还的，因为当时他们邻居的情况实在太糟糕了。 ]
19．A．dressing B．working C．dieting D．spending
D [钱借给了别人，因此在接下来的几个月要调整家庭的开销(spend)。]
20．A．sometimes B．never C．always D．seldom
C [从全文作者对待父亲的态度可知，作者非常尊敬父亲，因此从情感态度以及空后的“help another”可知用always比较合适。]
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
Theodor Seuss Geisel was born in Springfield，Massachusetts in 1904.He was famous because of the books he wrote for children.They combine funny words，pictures，and social opinions.
Dr.Seuss wrote his first book for children in 1937.It is called And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street.A number of publishers refused to publish it.They said it was too different.A friend finally published it.Soon other successful books followed.Over the years，he wrote more than forty children's books.They were fun to read.Yet his books sometimes dealt with serious subjects.
By the middle 1940s，Dr.Seuss had become one of the bestloved and most successful writers of children's books.He had a strong desire to help children.In 1954，Life magazine published a report about school children who could not read.The report said many children's book weren't interesting.Dr.Seuss decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read.
In 1957，Dr.Seuss wrote The Cat in the Hat.He used less than 225 words to write the book.This was about the number of words a sixyearold should be able to read.
The story is about a cat who tries to entertain two children on a rainy day while their mother is away from home.The cat is not like normal cats.It talks.The book was an immediate success.It was an interesting story and was easy to read.Children loved it.Their parents loved it，too.Today many adults say it is still one of the stories they like best.
【语篇解读】 本文为人物传记，主要介绍了著名儿童作家Theodor Seuss Geisel的生平事迹。
1．What's the best title for this passage?
A．Some of Dr.Seuss's books for children
B．What are Dr.Seuss's books mainly about
C．Dr.Seuss—a famous writer of children's books
D．Why are Dr.Seuss's books different
C [标题归纳题。根据文章可知本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了Theodor Seuss Geisel，一位著名的儿童作家，故选C。]
2．What do we know about Dr.Seuss's first book for children?
A．It was Dr.Seuss's worst book.
B．It dealt with a very serious subject.
C．Neither children nor adults like it.
D．Many publishers didn't take it seriously at first.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段的“A number of publishers refused to publish it.They said it was too different.”可知D为正确选项。]
3．How did Dr.Seuss help children according to Paragraph 3?
A．By asking others to help them in magazines.
B．By writing interesting and simple books.
C．By changing his old books into simpler ones.
D．By giving them books for free.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Dr.Seuss decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read.”可知B为正确选项。]
4．Adults most probably think that Dr.Seuss's The Cat in the Hat is ．
A．interesting B．serious
C．difficult D．boring
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Today many adults say it is still one of the stories they like best.”可知A为正确选项。]
B
We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural，everyday activity that we do not often stop to think how it actually works.When we do study our language，though，we are often surprised that we are able to understand our conversations.Words can mean so many different things.However，it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work.
First，the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example，the word“dog”can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream.It can also be used to discuss a neighbor's dog.No language has a separate word for the idea“dog that I saw yesterday”and another word for the idea“dog that I saw in a dream”．This is because the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words.So，when you have a conversation with your neighbor，the knowledge that you have a dog tells your neighbor what the word“dog” probably means in that situation.
The speaking situation also helps make language clearer.For example，the word “bank” has two possible meanings.It can mean“a place where people keep money”，but it can also mean“the side of a river”．So the sentence“I went to the bank”is not clear.It could mean I went to the side of the river or it could mean I went to the place where my money is kept.However，if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains，others probably know that“bank”means“the side of a river”．
The things that speakers say may not always be clear.Sometimes the words are not very particular，but the speaking situation can provide the meaning.Other times words may have many meanings.Then the speaking situation limits(限制)the right meaning.This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to understand language.
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大的作用。
【长难句解读】 So，when you have a conversation with your neighbor，the knowledge that you have a dog tells your neighbor what the word“dog”probably means in that situation.
【分析】 这是一个含有多个从句的复合句，主句部分为“the knowledge tells your neighbor what the word‘dog’probably means in that situation”。when引导时间状语从句；that引导同位语从句，解释说明knowledge的内容；what引导宾语从句作tells的宾语。
【译文】 因此，当你和你的邻居谈话的时候，知道你有狗这件事告诉了你的邻居在那样的情形下dog一词有可能指什么意思。
5．The passage is mainly about ．
A．the best time and place to talk to others
B．how the speaking situation helps language work
C．what to say in difficult situations
D．how our language works
B [主旨大意题。综合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了语境怎样对语言的理解起着很大的作用。故选B。]
6．What does the word“bank”mean if a speaker is talking about money?
A．The side of a river with many people fishing.
B．A supermarket to buy all kinds of goods.
C．A mountain for hunting.
D．A place where money is kept.
D [词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“It can mean‘a place where people keep money’”可知，当人们提到钱这一具体语境时，bank表示“银行”。]
7．By using the example of the word“dog”，the author wants to show that ．
A．a word may need to be explained in a conversation
B．a word may have different meanings
C．the speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a word
D．the meaning of words is not particular
C [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“First，the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example...”可知，下文正是用dog一词举例来论证第二段第一句话，故选项C正确。]
8．Where can we find this passage?
A．A piece of news.
B．A science novel.
C．A fashion magazine.
D．An article about language use.
D [文章出处题。纵观全文内容可知，本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大的作用，故可推知这是一篇有关语言运用的文章，D项正确。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
When I was 16 years old，a boy gave me an important gift. 1
It was the early autumn of my first year at a junior high school，and my old school was far away. 2 I was very lonely，and afraid to make friends with anyone.
Every time I listened to other students talking and laughing，I felt my heart broken.I couldn't talk with anyone about my problems.And I didn't want my parents to worry about me.
Then one day，my classmates talked happily with their friends，but I sat at my desk unhappily as usual. 3 I didn't know who he was.He passed me and then turned back.He looked at me，with a smile on his face.
Suddenly，I felt the touch of something bright and friendly.It made me feel happy，lively and warm.
4 I started to talk with other students and made friends.Day by day，I became closer to everyone in my class.The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now!
5 I believe that the world is what you think it is.If you think it lonely，you might always be alone.So smile at the world and it will smile back.
A．At that moment，a boy entered the classroom.
B．He's living in Australia now and he loves it.
C．It doesn't matter because all the dark days have gone.
D．It was a smile.
E．That smile changed my life.
F．It's practically impossible to make friends here.
G．As a result，no one knew who I was.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了在自己十六岁时获得了重要的“礼物”，那就是微笑。
1．D [下文全部与“smile”这一话题有关，故选D项。]
2．G [前一句中“was far away”和后一句中“I was very lonely”都暗示了答案，G项与前后信息吻合。]
3．A [由空格后的两句看出答案，即“一个男孩进入了教室”。]
4．E [本段作者讲述由于对方的微笑使自己发生了变化，因而选E项。]
5．C [本段讲述作者自己现在的心态变化，只有C项与本段信息吻合。]
Ⅴ.语法填空
Born in the 1940s，Elias experienced a difficult period of time when the black reached a stage where they had no rights at all.Being poorly 1. (educate)and not having a passbook，he was worried that he would be out of work.This was the very reason 2. he went to Nelson Mandela for advice.At that time，black people had no right 3. (vote) and they couldn't get jobs they wanted.The parts of town in 4. they had to live were decided by white people.They 5. (send) to the poor areas where no one could grow food.
Mandela organized the ANC Youth League to fight 6. the government.They first broke the law in a 7. (peace)way.When this was not allowed，they decided to answer violence with violence.Though he disliked violence，Elias helped Mandela blow up some government 8. (building)．Elias 9. (strong) believed what he did would help to achieve their dream of 10. (make) black and white people equal.
1．educated [考查非谓语动词。句子主语和educate之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词。]
2．why [考查定语从句。先行词是reason，在从句中作状语，故应用关系副词。]
3．to vote [考查非谓语动词。the right to do...做……的权利。]
4．which [考查定语从句。本题是“介词＋关系代词”结构，先行词是物，故应用关系代词which。]
5．were sent [考查时态和语态。they和send之间是被动关系，动作发生在过去，故应用过去时的被动语态。]
6．against/with [考查介词。fight against/with...和……斗争。]
7．peaceful [考查形容词。修饰名词way应用形容词，故用peaceful。]
8．buildings [考查名词复数。根据some，可知building应用复数。]
9．strongly [考查副词。修饰动词believe，应用副词。]
10．making [考查非谓语动词。dream of意为“梦想”，of是介词，后面要跟名词或动名词。]
重点词汇
1．quality n．质量；品质；性质
(教材原句)And what qualities does a great person have? 而且一个伟人具有什么样的品质？
be of in quality 在质量方面
We provide goods and services of high quality.
考试链接：
(1)The food is .
这种食品质量最优。
(2)What is the you most admire in others?
你最羡慕其他人的什么品质？[来源:学科网ZXXK]
Keys: (1)of the highest quality (2)quality
2．devote vt.献身；专心于(与介词to 连用)
(教材原句)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.
伟人是把自己的一生致力于帮助别人的人。
devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于……；致力于……=be devoted to献身于;专心致力于
devote one’s life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth. 把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于……
devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
devotion n.关爱,关照;奉献,忠诚
be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于……；致力于……；奉献于……；热衷于……
a devoted friend 挚友
考试链接：
(1)His life is one the people.
他的一生是全心全意为人民服务的一生。
(2)He his whole life the cure of cancer.
他的一生都在研究癌症的治疗。
Keys: (1)devoted to (2)devoted；to studying
3．vote vt. & vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决
(教材原句)Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.
黑人不能投票或选举他们的领袖。
vote for/against投票赞成/反对 vote on 就……投票
vote to do sth. 投票去做某事 take/have a vote on对……进行表决
考试链接：
(1) To our delight, over 60% of the members voted_____the plan which was beneficial(有益于） to air quality.
(2) He was rather upset that most of the people present at the meeting voted____him.
(3) We held a meeting to vote____whether the use of petrol should be controlled.
Key: (1)for (2)against (3)on
4．attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击n.攻击；进攻；病情发作(可数名词)
(教材原句)We chose to attack the laws.我们选择向法律进攻。
The newspapers attacked the Prime Minister because of the new law.
由于这项新法令的颁布，各家报纸纷纷对首相进行抨击。
make an attack on/upon 对……发起进攻；攻击
be/come under attack 遭到攻击
a heart attack 心脏病突发
考试链接：
(1) The planes______(对……进行袭击） the city at midnight.
(2) It is cloudy. It seems as if our city is ________(受……侵袭） of a thunder storm.
Key: (1) made an attack on (2) under attack
5．equal
(教材原句)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们黑人和白人平等的梦想。
(1)adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的
be equal to 与……相等；胜任；能应付 be equal with 与……平等
As far as I know, he is quite equal to the job.
They believe that the rich are equal with the poor.
(2)vt.比得上；敌得过
equal sb. in 在……方面比得上某人
No one can equal_him_in playing chess. 论下棋，没有人能比得上他。
(3)n.相等的事物；对手；匹敌
He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。
考试链接：
(1)They are equal in ability.＝They are .
他们能力相当。
(2)Though she is young, she in music.
尽管她很年轻，但在音乐方面没有人能比得上她。
Keys: (1)of equal ability (2)has no equal
6．escape vt.& vi.逃避；逃脱；避免；逃走；泄露 n.逃走；逃脱；逃避；泄露
(教材原句)It was a prison from which no one escaped.
那是一座任何人都逃不出的监狱。
escape from＋n. 从……中逃脱
escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事
have a narrow escape 死里逃生
①He escaped from the prison but soon was caught.他从监狱里逃跑了，但很快就被抓住了。
②I find no excuse to escape doing the work. 我找不出借口来逃避这项工作。
[点津] escape后面接非谓语动词作宾语时要用动名词，不能用不定式。
③Believe it or not, I had a narrow escape. 信不信由你，我死里逃生。
考试链接：
(1)You are lucky to escape punishment.＝You are lucky to escape .
你逃过了处罚，真是幸运。
(2)He had a . 他九死一生。
Keys: (1)being punished (2)narrow escape
7.reward v．奖励；奖赏；n.奖赏；回报；酬金
例句：This may seem like a lot of time，but the rewards are well worth it.
这可能需要大量时间，但回报是值得的。
►词语链接
in reward for为奖赏……
reward sb. for sth.因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb. with sth.用某物回报某人
考试链接：
(1)He was given a medal as his service.
作为对所提供服务的奖赏，他得到了一枚奖章。
(2)This for Kathy but obviously it had to be stopped.
对凯西来说，这一定是非常值得做的，但它显然要被停止了。
award，reward的异同:
作名词时，award意思是“奖品”、“奖金”。而reward作名词时，意为“赏金”、“酬金”或一些非金钱的报酬。例：The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award．
We will offer a reward of ten thousand dollars for information about the case．如果有人提供有关案件的情报，我们愿意出一万元赏金。
用作动词时，award的意思是“授与”、“颁发”、“判给”；reward则表示“报答”、“酬谢”之意。例：
He was awarded the first prize for Outstanding Industrial Design．他获杰出工业设计一等奖。
Keys: (2)a reward for (3)must have been very rewarding
8．beg vi.& vt.请求；乞求(begged, begged)
(教材原句)All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends.在那段时期，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友处讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。
beg for sth. 讨要某物
beg sb. for sth. ＝ beg sth. from/of sb. 向某人讨要某物
beg sb. to do sth. 乞求某人做某事
考试链接：
(1) The flood did great damage to the crops. The people there had to beg ____ food.
(2) He stood outside the door,_____(beg) to be forgiven.
Key:(1) for (2)begging
9．reward n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏
(教材原句)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.
他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。
as a reward for作为对……的报酬/奖赏 in reward 作为报酬
reward sb. for ... 因为……而酬谢某人 reward sb. with ... 用……酬谢某人
①She got nothing as a reward for her kindness.
她的好心没有得到一点回报。
②Is that how you reward_me_for my help?
那就是你怎么报答我的吗？
③She started singing to the baby and was_rewarded_with a smile.
她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。
考试链接：
(1)He was given a medal as his service.
作为对所提供服务的奖赏，他得到了一枚奖章。
(2)This for Kathy but obviously it had to be stopped.
对凯西来说，这一定是非常值得做的，但它显然要被停止了。
award，reward的异同:
作名词时，award意思是“奖品”、“奖金”。而reward作名词时，意为“赏金”、“酬金”或一些非金钱的报酬。例：The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award．
We will offer a reward of ten thousand dollars for information about the case．如果有人提供有关案件的情报，我们愿意出一万元赏金。
用作动词时，award的意思是“授与”、“颁发”、“判给”；reward则表示“报答”、“酬谢”之意。例：
He was awarded the first prize for Outstanding Industrial Design．他获杰出工业设计一等奖。
Keys: (2)a reward for (3)must have been very rewarding
重点短语
1．be active in sth. 积极从事某事 2．devote oneself to 献身于
3．in a peaceful way 用一种和平方式 4．out of work 失业
5．vote for/against 投票赞成/反对 6．answer violence with violence 用暴力反抗暴力
7．turn to 求助于；致力于 8．be in trouble在危险受罚痛苦忧虑等处境中
9．as a matter of fact 事实上 10．blow up 使充气；爆炸
11．lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 12．escape from 逃离；逃脱
13．come to power 当权；上台 14．set up 设立；建立
15．be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑) 16．in one’s opinion 从某人的观点来看
17．stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 18．take ...around 领……参观
【长难句解析】
1．However, this_was_a_time_when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
可是在那个时候，你若想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
this/that is/was a time when ... 这/那是一个……的时期
there was a time when ...曾有一段时间……
①That was a time when black people were treated unfairly.
那是一个黑人受到不公平待遇的时期。
②That was about a time when there were black slaves in North America.
那是一个美国北部还存在黑奴的时代。
③There_was_a_time_when women were not allowed to go to school.
曾经有一段时间，妇女不允许去上学。
2．The_last_thirty_years_have_seen_ the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a_stage_where we have almost no rights at all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻挡了我们的进步，直到今天我们已到了几乎没有任何权利的地步。
(1)see, find 等有些动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。该句是一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。
①The stone bridge saw many changes of this city. 这座石桥见证了这个城市的诸多变化。
②The dusk found a little girl crying by the river. 黄昏时，一个小女孩在河边哭。
(2)当先行词是 stage, situation, case, point, position时，定语从用where或in which来引导。
③The baby has reached the/a_stage_where he can stand up.这个婴儿可以站起来了。
④You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
你可能会遇到一种情况，要你不得不立刻作出决定。
⑤We are now in a_good_position_where we can be very successful this year.
现在我们处于一个良好的境况中，今年我们会大获成功。
3．We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed ... only_then_did_we decide to answer violence with violence.
首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律；而当这种方式也得不到允许时……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
当“only＋状语/状语从句”置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，即把助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语前面。
①Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法，你才可能解决这个问题。
②Only when one loses freedom does_he_know its value.
只有当失去自由时，人们才懂得它的价值。
③Only by shouting was_he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.
他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。
[点津] 若only修饰主语，即使在句首也不用倒装。
④Only she can finish the work in an hour. 只有她能在一小时内完成这个工作。
考试链接：
(1)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
只有在他们讨论这个问题好几个小时之后他们才作出决定。
(2)Only when the war was over .
只有战争结束时他才能够回到家里。
(3)Only some of the children it.
似乎只有一部分孩子明白。
Keys: (2)was he able to return home (3)seemed to have understood
4．He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。
should have done 意为“过去本应该做某事而没做”。 shouldn’t have done 指“本不应该做某事而做了”。
①You should have been here at four o’clock, but you didn’t.
4点时你就应该在这儿，可是你不在。
②I should_have_done the shopping with you yesterday.
昨天我本应该陪你一起去购物的。
③I shouldn’t have treated you in such bad manners this morning.
今天上午我本不应该以那样不礼貌的方式对待你的。
5．I felt bad the_first_time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
the first time 是名词短语，在句中作连词词组，引导时间状语从句。类似的短语还有every/each time (每次……就……；每当)，next time(下次)，any time(任何时候)，last time (上次……时)，by the time(到……为止)等。
①He was struck by her beauty the first time he saw her. 他第一次见她时就被她的美丽迷住了。
②The_last_time I saw him, he was playing by the river. 我最后一次见到他时，他正在河边玩耍。
③I feel sick every time I am on a bus. 每次坐公共汽车我都晕车。
④Next_time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。
比较 for the first time, the first time, it’s the first time that ...
for the first time
介词短语，意为“第一次”，在句中作状语
the first time
名词短语，意为“第一次”，可用作连词，引导状语从句
it’s the first time
that ...
固定句型，意为“这是……第一次……”，that从句要用完成时。此外，it也可用this 或 that替换
用for the first time, the first time和it’s the first time that ...填空
⑤I fell in love with you the_first_time I saw you. 我第一次见到你时就爱上了你。
⑥It’s_the_first_time_that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。
⑦At the beginning of school, the two students met for_the_first_time.
在开学的时候，那两名学生第一次见面.
【定语从句】
基本概念：
定语从句:修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
先行词:被定语从句所修饰说明的词称为先行词。
关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
（本单元着重介绍关系副词引导的定语从句）
1.when,where,why引导的定语从句
(1)when在定语从句中作时间状语
I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.我还记得我第一次去长城那一天。
The day when we get together will come soon.我们重聚的日子很快就会来的。
(2)where在定语从句中作地点状语
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
He is now working in the factory where his father worked.
现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。
(3)why在定语从句中作原因状语
Can you explain the reason why you don’t want to help him?
你能解释一下你不想帮助他的理由吗?
The reason why he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard.
他这次考试成功的原因是因为他学习非常努力。
注意：
不管先行词表示的是时间、地点还是原因,只要在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,引导词就要用which或that。
I’ll never forget the days (which/that) we spent in the small village.
我永远忘不了我们在那个小村庄度过的那些日子。(作宾语)
Is this the farm (which/that) you visited last week?
这是你们上周参观过的那个农场吗?(作宾语)
The park which/that attracts the most visitors will be closed.
吸引参观者最多的那个公园将要关闭了。(作主语)
The reason (which/that) he explained at the meeting was not sound.
他在会议上解释的原因并不充分。(作宾语)
2.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,关系代词要用which或whom。
先行词指物时,用which;先行词指人时,用whom。在这个结构中,介词的使用原则是:
(1)根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯
(2)根据先行词的搭配习惯
I still remember the day on which I first came to this school.
我仍然记得我第一次来这所学校的那一天。
Do you remember the year in which you first visited Beijing?
你记得你第一次参观北京的那一年吗?
(3)表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时,用of
The old woman has two sons,both of whom are doctors.
这位老太太有两个儿子,两个儿子都是医生。
注意：
“介词+which”结构可代替定语从句中的引导词when和where。
He was born in Germany where (in which) he stayed for 12 years.
他出生在德国,他在那儿待了12年。
She arrived at 12 o’clock when (at which) it was raining heavily.
她12点到达,那时正在下大雨。
【练习】
定语从句
A:划出下列定语从句的先行词,并将其放回从句中构成完整的从句。(第一句为例子)
例句 1). The time when i first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
I first met Nelson Mandela at the time.
2)... Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
3). He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
4) The school where i studied for only two years was three kilometers away.
5). However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
6). The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.
7)....we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
8). The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people
9). The places outside the town where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.
10).we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
11). We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful.
12). They could not get the jobs they wanted.
B.填入适当的关系词
1)It was a prison________no one escaped.
2)Mr Mandela began a school for those of us ______had little learning.
3)He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings_______we should have been asleep.
4) We used anything________we could find to make candles to see the words.
5)I remember the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends________had died.
6)The person_______I lived was a good friend of mine.
7) The house________I was staying was far away from my work.
8)The company_______I worked was founded five years ago.
9)The address________all my letters were sent was in South Africa.
10)The scientist________all of us should learn never loses heart whenever he is in trouble.
答案：1. where 2. who 3. when 4.that 5. who 6. with whom 7.at which 8..in which 9.from which 10.from which
[语言知识练习固基础]
一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The woman is too mean (吝啬的) to make a donation.
2．You must try to improve the quality (质量) of all your goods.
3．Do you know when the government was founded (成立)?
4．She takes a(n) active (积极的) part in school life.
5．All people are equal (平等的), having the same rights as each other.
6．I was a fairly good football player in my youth (青年时期)．
7．China is playing an important role on the international political stage (舞台)．
8．We must follow the principle (原则) that education should be fair to everyone.
9．It does serious harm to children's character that too much violence (暴力) is shown on television.
10．Bill is a generous (大方的) person, who has given millions of dollars to help those people in the disasterhit area.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．I think you should settle your problem in a peaceful (peace) way. Fighting can't solve any problems.
2．He offered guidance (guide) to the poor people on their legal rights.
3．It's illegal (legal) to read people's private letters without permission.
4．The lawyer is willing (will) to help those in trouble.
5．The money was divided equally (equal) among her four children.
6．The professor was devoted (devote) to his research work, caring little about other things.
7．Nowadays many school children devote too much time to playing (play) computer games.
8．Founded (found) in last century, the church has a history of about 90 years.
9．Amy had great trouble making (make) up her mind to send her daughter to go abroad.
10．There was once a time when black people were treated badly.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in trouble， as a matter of fact， under attack， out of work， vote for， turn to， blow up， be equal to
1．He didn't obey the rules of the company, so he is out_of_work now.
2．You might think we are close friends. As_a_matter_of_fact,_I don't know the person who spoke to me just now.
3．In modern society, many people often turn_to the Internet for help when they run into problems.
4．I think he should be given the position because he is_equal_to it.
5．He was very happy when many supporters voted_for him.
6．He robbed the bank last month and now he is in_trouble.
7．The General commanded the soldiers to blow_up the bridge before the enemies came.
8．When an animal is under_attack,_it can run away or fight back.
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
Elias was a poor black worker. The time 1.when he first met Nelson Mandela was 2.a very difficult period of his life. Nelson Mandela offered 3.guidance (guide) to poor black people on their legal problems. Elias was not at school for long, for his family could not afford his school fees and the bus fare. When he 4.was_worried (worry) about whether he would be out of work because he didn't have one passbook, Nelson Mandela told him what to do. That day was one of Elias' 5.happiest (happy) days in his life. Later, Elias joined the ANC Youth League 6.organized (organize) by Nelson Mandela. In 1963, Elias helped Mandela 7.(to)_blow (blow) up some government buildings. It was very dangerous 8.but Elias was happy because he thought 9.it would help them achieve their dream of making black and white people 10.equal (equality)．
Ⅰ.语境填词
A)根据汉语提示，写出下列语句中所缺单词的正确形式
1．We must follow the principle(原则)that education should be fair to everyone.
2．It does serious harm to children's character that too much violence(暴力)is shown on television.
3．The product is of very good quality(质量)，so it sells well.
4．In my opinion，it is a mean(卑鄙的)thing to do.
5．Our family vote(投票表决)to turn to the lawyer for help.
B)在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
6．Activities all take place under the guidance(guide) of an experienced teacher.
7．It's so unfair(fair)—she gets more money for less work!
8．He is a devoted(devote)friend of mine，a man I can always depend on.
9．It was reported that the city was under attack yesterday and it was completely destroyed.
10．Only after Mary read her composition the second time did she notice the spelling mistake.
C)用适当的关系词或介词＋关系代词填空
1．Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
2．Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.
3．Can you explain the reason why you don't want to help him?
4．I bought many books，on which I spent all my money that I saved.
5．This is the business to which the Greens are devoted.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每个句子仅有1处错误)
1．I'm devoting all my time and energy to care for my parents right now.care→caring
2．He was out of the work owing to a physical injury.work前的the去掉
3．As matter of fact，business has come to a stop.As后加a
4．A police officer was killed when his car blows up.blows→blew
5．She experienced a joy in helping others in the trouble.trouble前的the去掉
Ⅲ.完形填空
Miners are typically regarded as workers carrying shovels.I suppose that is 1 we see them as people who dig.We as the human race can 2 a lot from miners and how they dig to get the best from the depths.We 3 can get the best from our depths.
My 4 ，Francis Lewis Yohnke，who was born colorblind(色盲的)，worked in the mines.He was colorblind not only in 5 ，but also in how he saw his 6 workers，and the unimportance of the color of their 7 or origin；he held no prejudice(偏见)in any way.
It was an evening in 1968，and our summer sun had just 8 ．There was a knock on our front door and a neighbor who lived up the street from us was 9 my father.
He had just been 10 from jail and had previously worked an office job at the Allan mine(a mine that my father had helped build some years earlier) after it was completed.He had been 11 taking money from the company and had just finished serving 12 for cheating.
Now out of jail and having a 13 time finding steady work(he had his house，family and kids to support)，he was 14 of money.
After discussing his 15 with my father outside on our home's front steps，Dad came in and asked Mom(she took care of the family finances)to write a $100 16 out to him.
This was a 17 amount of money back then.Dad knew that the money wouldn't be 18 ．He knew our own family would have to make adjustments to our own 19 over the coming months to make up for the lost income.That was Dad， 20 ready to help another.
【语篇解读】 本文为夹叙夹议文。作者的父亲虽然是一位矿工，但是身上有很多值得我们学习的地方，如平等待人、热情助人。
(教师用书独具)
【重点词语链接】 prejudice n．偏见
We should hold no prejudice against those who are disabled.我们对那些残疾人不应该有偏见。
1．A．why B．because C．when D．where
B [那是因为(because)我们把他们(矿工)看成挖掘工。]
2．A．experience B．suffer C．imagine D．learn
D [由下文“they dig to get the best from the depths.We 3 can get the best from our depths”可知，矿工值得赞扬，因此我们可以从他们身上学到很多东西。]
3．A．still B．too C．quite D．soon
B [上下文为类比推理，此处表示我们也(too)能从深处得到最好的东西。]
4．A．father B．mother C．brother D．grandma
A [由下文内容可知，这里指的是父亲。]
5．A．mind B．future C．vision D．action
C [由常识可知，患有色盲的人主要是视觉上有问题。]
6．A．favorite B．white C．senior D．fellow
D [此处指在对待同事上作者的父亲也是平等的。fellow worker意为“同事”。]
7．A．figure B．skin C．condition D．health
B [结合空后的origin可知，作者的父亲对待同事没有偏见，不分肤色(skin)和出身。]
8．A．set B．risen C．changed D．gone
A [由语境“It was an evening in 1968”可知，当时太阳已经下山了(set)。]
9．A．sending for B．leaving for C．calling on D．turning on
C [由语境“There was a knock on our front door”，可知，有人来拜访(call on)作者的父亲，下文也有说明。]
10．A．released B．picked C．attacked D．found
A [由下文中的“Now out of jail”可知，他已经从监狱里被释放(release)出来了。]
11．A．protected B．prevented C．caught D．kept
C [他被发现从公司里拿钱。catch sb.doing sth.意为“发现某人在做某事”，此处为其被动形式。]
12．A．people B．army C．mines D．time
D [由语境可知，他已经刑满释放。serve time意为“服刑”，其他选项均不符合语境。]
13．A．difficult B．wonderful C．good D．happy
A [由下文描述的情况及常识可推知，他刚刚出狱，要找到一份稳定的工作非常困难。]
14．A．generous B．short C．hopeful D．selfish
B [由上文描述的情况及下文父亲给他钱可知，他资金短缺。be short of money意为“缺钱”。]
15．A．position B．principle C．education D．situation
D [在他和作者的父亲讨论了他目前的情况之后，父亲进屋和母亲商议给他开一张支票。]
16．A．note B．cash C．cheque D．change
C [由上文“she took care of the family finances”可知，父亲让母亲给他开一张100美元的支票。cheque“支票”，符合语境。]
17．A．large B．small C．certain D．proper
A [当时100美元是一笔数目不小的钱。由下文中的“make adjustments...for the lost income”可知答案。]
18．A．changed B．returned C．wasted D．rewarded
B [父亲知道这钱不会被归还的，因为当时他们邻居的情况实在太糟糕了。 ]
19．A．dressing B．working C．dieting D．spending
D [钱借给了别人，因此在接下来的几个月要调整家庭的开销(spend)。]
20．A．sometimes B．never C．always D．seldom
C [从全文作者对待父亲的态度可知，作者非常尊敬父亲，因此从情感态度以及空后的“help another”可知用always比较合适。]
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
Theodor Seuss Geisel was born in Springfield，Massachusetts in 1904.He was famous because of the books he wrote for children.They combine funny words，pictures，and social opinions.
Dr.Seuss wrote his first book for children in 1937.It is called And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street.A number of publishers refused to publish it.They said it was too different.A friend finally published it.Soon other successful books followed.Over the years，he wrote more than forty children's books.They were fun to read.Yet his books sometimes dealt with serious subjects.
By the middle 1940s，Dr.Seuss had become one of the bestloved and most successful writers of children's books.He had a strong desire to help children.In 1954，Life magazine published a report about school children who could not read.The report said many children's book weren't interesting.Dr.Seuss decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read.
In 1957，Dr.Seuss wrote The Cat in the Hat.He used less than 225 words to write the book.This was about the number of words a sixyearold should be able to read.
The story is about a cat who tries to entertain two children on a rainy day while their mother is away from home.The cat is not like normal cats.It talks.The book was an immediate success.It was an interesting story and was easy to read.Children loved it.Their parents loved it，too.Today many adults say it is still one of the stories they like best.
【语篇解读】 本文为人物传记，主要介绍了著名儿童作家Theodor Seuss Geisel的生平事迹。
1．What's the best title for this passage?
A．Some of Dr.Seuss's books for children
B．What are Dr.Seuss's books mainly about
C．Dr.Seuss—a famous writer of children's books
D．Why are Dr.Seuss's books different
C [标题归纳题。根据文章可知本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了Theodor Seuss Geisel，一位著名的儿童作家，故选C。]
2．What do we know about Dr.Seuss's first book for children?
A．It was Dr.Seuss's worst book.
B．It dealt with a very serious subject.
C．Neither children nor adults like it.
D．Many publishers didn't take it seriously at first.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段的“A number of publishers refused to publish it.They said it was too different.”可知D为正确选项。]
3．How did Dr.Seuss help children according to Paragraph 3?
A．By asking others to help them in magazines.
B．By writing interesting and simple books.
C．By changing his old books into simpler ones.
D．By giving them books for free.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Dr.Seuss decided to write books that were interesting and easy to read.”可知B为正确选项。]
4．Adults most probably think that Dr.Seuss's The Cat in the Hat is ．
A．interesting B．serious
C．difficult D．boring
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Today many adults say it is still one of the stories they like best.”可知A为正确选项。]
B
We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural，everyday activity that we do not often stop to think how it actually works.When we do study our language，though，we are often surprised that we are able to understand our conversations.Words can mean so many different things.However，it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work.
First，the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example，the word“dog”can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream.It can also be used to discuss a neighbor's dog.No language has a separate word for the idea“dog that I saw yesterday”and another word for the idea“dog that I saw in a dream”．This is because the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words.So，when you have a conversation with your neighbor，the knowledge that you have a dog tells your neighbor what the word“dog” probably means in that situation.
The speaking situation also helps make language clearer.For example，the word “bank” has two possible meanings.It can mean“a place where people keep money”，but it can also mean“the side of a river”．So the sentence“I went to the bank”is not clear.It could mean I went to the side of the river or it could mean I went to the place where my money is kept.However，if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains，others probably know that“bank”means“the side of a river”．
The things that speakers say may not always be clear.Sometimes the words are not very particular，but the speaking situation can provide the meaning.Other times words may have many meanings.Then the speaking situation limits(限制)the right meaning.This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to understand language.
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大的作用。
【长难句解读】 So，when you have a conversation with your neighbor，the knowledge that you have a dog tells your neighbor what the word“dog”probably means in that situation.
【分析】 这是一个含有多个从句的复合句，主句部分为“the knowledge tells your neighbor what the word‘dog’probably means in that situation”。when引导时间状语从句；that引导同位语从句，解释说明knowledge的内容；what引导宾语从句作tells的宾语。
【译文】 因此，当你和你的邻居谈话的时候，知道你有狗这件事告诉了你的邻居在那样的情形下dog一词有可能指什么意思。
5．The passage is mainly about ．
A．the best time and place to talk to others
B．how the speaking situation helps language work
C．what to say in difficult situations
D．how our language works
B [主旨大意题。综合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了语境怎样对语言的理解起着很大的作用。故选B。]
6．What does the word“bank”mean if a speaker is talking about money?
A．The side of a river with many people fishing.
B．A supermarket to buy all kinds of goods.
C．A mountain for hunting.
D．A place where money is kept.
D [词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“It can mean‘a place where people keep money’”可知，当人们提到钱这一具体语境时，bank表示“银行”。]
7．By using the example of the word“dog”，the author wants to show that ．
A．a word may need to be explained in a conversation
B．a word may have different meanings
C．the speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a word
D．the meaning of words is not particular
C [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“First，the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example...”可知，下文正是用dog一词举例来论证第二段第一句话，故选项C正确。]
8．Where can we find this passage?
A．A piece of news.
B．A science novel.
C．A fashion magazine.
D．An article about language use.
D [文章出处题。纵观全文内容可知，本文讲述了语境对语言的理解起着很大的作用，故可推知这是一篇有关语言运用的文章，D项正确。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
When I was 16 years old，a boy gave me an important gift. 1
It was the early autumn of my first year at a junior high school，and my old school was far away. 2 I was very lonely，and afraid to make friends with anyone.
Every time I listened to other students talking and laughing，I felt my heart broken.I couldn't talk with anyone about my problems.And I didn't want my parents to worry about me.
Then one day，my classmates talked happily with their friends，but I sat at my desk unhappily as usual. 3 I didn't know who he was.He passed me and then turned back.He looked at me，with a smile on his face.
Suddenly，I felt the touch of something bright and friendly.It made me feel happy，lively and warm.
4 I started to talk with other students and made friends.Day by day，I became closer to everyone in my class.The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now!
5 I believe that the world is what you think it is.If you think it lonely，you might always be alone.So smile at the world and it will smile back.
A．At that moment，a boy entered the classroom.
B．He's living in Australia now and he loves it.
C．It doesn't matter because all the dark days have gone.
D．It was a smile.
E．That smile changed my life.
F．It's practically impossible to make friends here.
G．As a result，no one knew who I was.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了在自己十六岁时获得了重要的“礼物”，那就是微笑。
1．D [下文全部与“smile”这一话题有关，故选D项。]
2．G [前一句中“was far away”和后一句中“I was very lonely”都暗示了答案，G项与前后信息吻合。]
3．A [由空格后的两句看出答案，即“一个男孩进入了教室”。]
4．E [本段作者讲述由于对方的微笑使自己发生了变化，因而选E项。]
5．C [本段讲述作者自己现在的心态变化，只有C项与本段信息吻合。]
Ⅴ.语法填空
Born in the 1940s，Elias experienced a difficult period of time when the black reached a stage where they had no rights at all.Being poorly 1. (educate)and not having a passbook，he was worried that he would be out of work.This was the very reason 2. he went to Nelson Mandela for advice.At that time，black people had no right 3. (vote) and they couldn't get jobs they wanted.The parts of town in 4. they had to live were decided by white people.They 5. (send) to the poor areas where no one could grow food.
Mandela organized the ANC Youth League to fight 6. the government.They first broke the law in a 7. (peace)way.When this was not allowed，they decided to answer violence with violence.Though he disliked violence，Elias helped Mandela blow up some government 8. (building)．Elias 9. (strong) believed what he did would help to achieve their dream of 10. (make) black and white people equal.
1．educated [考查非谓语动词。句子主语和educate之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词。]
2．why [考查定语从句。先行词是reason，在从句中作状语，故应用关系副词。]
3．to vote [考查非谓语动词。the right to do...做……的权利。]
4．which [考查定语从句。本题是“介词＋关系代词”结构，先行词是物，故应用关系代词which。]
5．were sent [考查时态和语态。they和send之间是被动关系，动作发生在过去，故应用过去时的被动语态。]
6．against/with [考查介词。fight against/with...和……斗争。]
7．peaceful [考查形容词。修饰名词way应用形容词，故用peaceful。]
8．buildings [考查名词复数。根据some，可知building应用复数。]
9．strongly [考查副词。修饰动词believe，应用副词。]
10．making [考查非谓语动词。dream of意为“梦想”，of是介词，后面要跟名词或动名词。]
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