2020版新一线高考英语（译林版）一轮复习教学案：第1部分必修3Unit3　Backtothepast



Unit 3　Back to the past

[单词　拼写应用]
核心单词
1．pour vi.涌流，倾泻
2．complain vi.抱怨
3．found vt.兴建，创建
4．flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
5．ruin n．废墟；毁坏 vt.破坏，毁灭
6．ahead adv.(时间、空间)在前面；提前，预先；领先
7．poison n．毒药，毒物 vt.毒害，下毒
[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Who would want to ruin(ruin) their good workout by eating junk food?
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)By the time the group got up to leave，it was pouring(pour) outside.
3．The enemy soldiers fled/were fleeing (flee) in all directions when they were attacked.
4．We should strictly and voluntarily obey traffic rules，stopping at the red light rather than complaining (complain) about traffic jams.
5．Tsinghua University，founded (found) in 1911，is one of China's key universities.
6．The explosion of the chemical plant has poisoned(poison) more than 20 local residents so far.
拓展单词
1．explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸，爆发
2．declare vt.宣布，宣称→declaration n．宣告；宣言；申报
3．judge v．判断；审判 n．法官，审判员；裁判员→judgement n．判断；判决
4．aware adj.意识到的；察觉到的→awareness n．认识，意识
5．educate vt.教育→education n．教育，培养→educator n．教育者，教育家
6．destroy vt.毁坏，摧毁→destruction n．破坏，毁灭→destructive adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的
7．remain v．遗留，剩余；继续存在→remaining adj.剩余的→remains n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸
[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Under the pressure of the public，the judges had to change their judgement at last; the murderer was sentenced to death.(judge)
2．As far as I'm aware，more and more people have an awareness of the importance of eating a healthy diet.(aware)
3．He got little education because of poverty，so he always educates his children to value the chance of study.(educate)
4．Due to the destructive hurricane，lots of villages were destroyed and many people were left homeless.(destroy)
5．A bomb exploded in the market and the explosion was heard a mile away.(explode)
6．It's declared that both sides agree to stop fighting.They are required to obey the declaration forever.(declare)
7．She devoted her remaining years to studying the remains of the Yuanmingyuan.(remain)
阅读词汇
1．extreme adj.极度的；极端的　　
2．ceremony n．仪式，典礼　　　　　　
3．sandstorm n．沙尘暴，风沙
4．disaster n．灾难
5．material n．材料；物质 adj.物质的
6．statue n．雕像，雕塑
7．commercial adj.商业的，贸易的
8．volcano n．火山
9．glory n．辉煌；荣耀，光荣
拓展联想
1．“仪式”面面观
①opening ceremony开幕式
②closing ceremony闭幕式
③wedding ceremony结婚典礼
④funeral (ceremony)葬礼
⑤celebration庆典
2.几个与storm有关的合成名词
①sandstorm 沙尘暴
②rainstorm 暴风雨
③snowstorm 暴风雪
④thunderstorm 雷暴
⑤brainstorm 头脑风暴
3.press家族
①press v．& n．按；压
②pressure n．压力
③impress v．留下印象
④impression n．印象
⑤express v．表达
[短语　多维应用]
高频短语　
1．take over 夺取；接管
2．no doubt 无疑，确实
3．pour out 涌出
4．carry out 实施；执行
5．take part in 参加　[语境运用]　选用左边短语的适当形式填空
There was ①no doubt that David ②took over the company when his father retired.All the board members attended the meeting yesterday，and David delivered the keynote address.He made them aware of the determination that he would ③carry out his duty faithfully.

6．focus on 集中(精力)于
7．turn out 结果是，证明是
8．break down 毁掉；身体垮掉
9．together with 与……一起
10．have enough of 对……感到厌烦　
[语境运用]　选用左边短语的适当形式填空
There will be times when you meet with disappointment and ④have enough of your present life.Life won't always ⑤turn out the way you want.This is just another thing you'll have to learn to deal with.But instead of letting you ⑥break down，push on.Accept disappointment and ⑦focus on pursuing your dreams.
11．rise up against 起义，反抗
12．in memory of 纪念
13．stand in one's path 阻碍(某人)
14．come down with 患(病) 　
[语境运用]　选用左边短语的适当形式填空
In my hometown，there was a statue set up ⑧in memory of a brave officer calling on the villagers to ⑨rise up against the enemies during World War Ⅱ.Even though he ⑩came down with a serious illness，he never let it ⑪stand in his path．He was a hero in the hearts of the villagers.

拓展联想
1．“no＋ n．”短语小结
①no surprise毫无意外
②no wonder难怪
③no way没门，不行
④no hurry不急，勿慌
⑤no problem没问题
2.“对……感到厌烦”表达种种
①be/grow tired of
②be fed up with
③be bored with
④be sick of
3.“动词＋over”短语一览
①look over查看；检查
②think over仔细考虑
③get over克服
④turn over翻转；移交
⑤go over复习；检查
[句式　结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1．介词短语位于句首引起的全部倒装
Near the city was a volcano.
(2017·北京卷满分作文)一个美丽的现代都市——泰安坐落于泰山脚下。
At the foot of Mount Tai sits/lies a beautiful modern city — Tai'an.
2.It turns/turned out that...原来……；结果……
It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.
结果他们做的所有试验都没有获得成功。
It turned out that all the experiments they had done were unsuccessful.
3.动名词的复合结构
The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand—what a pity！
我们队有赢得比赛的希望吗？
Is there any hope of our team winning the match？


精讲8个考纲词汇
1．pour vi.涌流，倾泻；(雨)倾盆而下 vt.倒出(液体)；涌出
(1)单句语法填空
①Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down．
②People pour into big department stores when they have a sales drive.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
他把牛奶从瓶子里倒入玻璃杯，然后喝光了。
He poured milk out of the bottle into the glass and drank it up.
先理解再牢记
pour in 涌进
pour into 涌进……；使灌入
pour out (of...) (从……)倒出/涌出；倾诉
pour down (雨)倾盆而下
[佳句背诵]　The rays of the sun poured in through the window.
2.ruin n．[C](pl.) 废墟，遗迹；[U]毁坏，毁灭，崩溃 vt.破坏，毁灭；使破产
(1)单句语法填空
①When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins(ruin)．
②In some places，roads built to help farmers fall into ruin.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)It rained for two weeks and it completely ruined our holiday.
①(高级表达)It rained for two weeks，which completely ruined our holiday．(用非限制性定语从句)
②(高级表达)It rained for two weeks，completely ruining our holiday．(用现在分词作状语)
先理解再牢记
(1)in ruins 成为废墟
fall/come into ruin 被破坏了，被毁了
bring...to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产
(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己
ruin one's health/fame/future 毁掉某人的健康/名誉/前途
[佳句背诵]　If you go on doing like this，you will ruin your bright future/bring your bright future to ruin.
3.remains n．遗物，遗迹，遗骸；剩余物
(1)单句语法填空
①The poor man ate the remains (remain) of the dishes hurriedly.
②The remaining (remain) twenty patients were transferred to another hospital.
③The guests came in，but she remained seated(seat) at the desk reading.
④It remains to be seen(see) whether she'll be fit enough to play in the finals.
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
我们学校将建一个新图书馆的消息是否真实还有待证实。
It remains to be seen whether the news that a new library will be built in our school is true.
先理解再牢记
(1)the remains of...……的遗迹/残留
(2)remain v．留下；仍然是
remain＋
It remains to be seen...尚不确定……，还说不准……
[名师点津]　表示“剩余的，剩下的”，remaining常作前置定语，而left常作后置定语。如：the money left＝the remaining money剩下的钱。
4.complain vi.抱怨
(1)单句语法填空
The terrible food was complained about to the nurse.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
我写此信意在投诉贵宾馆的服务。
①I am now writing to complain against/about the service of your hotel.(complain)
②I am now writing to make a complaint against/about the service of your hotel.(complaint)
先理解再牢记
(1)complain (to sb.) about/of sth./that...(向某人)抱怨……
complain of sth.诉说(病痛等)
complain against/about 投诉；申诉
(2)complaint n．抱怨；投诉
make a complaint against/about...对……进行投诉
5．flee vt.& vi.逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
(1)单句改错(仅有一处错误)
Everyone fled to the burning building when the fire alarm sounded.to→from
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
轰炸开始时，人们逃到了安全地带。
When the bombing started，people fled to the safe place．
先理解再牢记
flee some place 逃离某地
flee to some place 逃到某地
flee from (＝escape from) 从……逃离
[佳句背诵]　Why does she always flee any kind of responsibility？
6.declare vt.宣布，宣称；宣告；声明
(1)单句语法填空
①What is known to us is that the Chinese government has declared against terrorism openly.
②The court declared the accused to be(be) innocent.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)The contract has been declared to be illegal.
(高级表达)It has been declared that the contract is illegal.
先理解再牢记
declare sb./sth.to be... 宣布某人或某事是……
declare for/against 表示赞成/反对……
declare war (on/against) (向……)宣战
declare that... 宣布……
[佳句背诵]　The government has declared that they will go on improving people's health care.
7.aware adj.意识到的，知道的；察觉到的

(1)单句语法填空
①I took part in a group activity called “Sensitivity Sunday”，which was to make us more aware of the problems faced by disabled people.
②We should try to raise people's awareness(aware) of environmental protection.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
①(普通表达)To his relief，his parents are aware of his innocence.
(高级表达) To his relief，his parents are aware that he is innocent．
②(普通表达)As far as I know，the invitations to the party have all been sent.
(高级表达)As far as I am aware，the invitations to the party have all been sent.(aware)
先理解再牢记
(1)be aware that...知道……；意识到……
be/become aware of 知道/意识到
as far as I am aware 就我所知
make sb.aware of 使某人意识到
(2)raise awareness of 提高对……的认识
(3)unaware adj.不知道的，没察觉到的
[名师点津]　aware表示“意识到(觉察到)某情况”时，其后总是接介词of。而且aware是表语形容词，故不要将其用于名词前作定语；加强语气时可用well，fully，very much，much等修饰，但不能用very。
[佳句背诵]　New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15，000 in debt.8.ju
dge n．法官，审判员；裁判员 v．判断；审判；裁判
(1)语段语法填空
Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.On the contrary，he often robs and steals，so the judge pointed out that a man should not be judged only by his looks.In my judgement，what he said is reasonable.(judge)
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
依我判断这本书内容相当准确。
①So/As far as I can judge，the book is remarkably accurate. (judge)
②In my judgement，the book is remarkably accurate. (judgement)
③My judgement is that the book is remarkably accurate. (judgement)
先理解再牢记
(1)judge...from/by...根据……来判断……
judge sb./sth.to be...判断某人/事是……
so/as far as I can judge 依我判断
(2)judging by/from...根据……来判断
(3)in one's judgement依某人看来
[名师点津]　judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响。
[佳句背诵]　It is not right to judge a person only by/from the clothes he wears.
诠释2个核心短语
1．take over夺取，占据；接替；接管
(1)写出下列句中take over的含义
①In 89 BC，the Romans took over Pompeii.It then became a rich city.夺取，占据
②Our manager told me that I would take over the job as branch manager next month.接替；接管
(2)[链接写作]——完成句子
技术是用来帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它接管我们的生活。
Technology is here to help us，but we should not allow it to take over our lives．
先理解再牢记
take up 拿起；占用；开始(从事)
take off 起飞；脱掉(衣服等)；开始获得成功
take in 吸收；欺骗；理解
take down 记录下来；拆除
take on 承担；呈现；雇用
[佳句背诵]　It is only by taking a correct attitude towards advertising that we can avoid being taken in.
2.no doubt 无疑，确定
(1)单句语法填空
①There's some doubt whether he has the ability to do the job.
②You can complain，but I doubt if/whether it will make any difference.
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)Certainly I can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.
①(高级表达)There is no doubt that/No doubt I can fulfill the task ahead of schedule.
②(高级表达)I can fulfill the task ahead of schedule without doubt．
先理解再牢记
(1)There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether...怀疑是否……
without doubt 毫无疑问
(2)don't doubt that...不用怀疑……
doubt whether/if...怀疑/不相信是否……
[名师点津]　①doubt作动词讲时，在肯定句中接if/whether引导的宾语从句；在疑问句和否定句中接that引导的宾语从句。
②当doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中接whether引导的同位语从句；在否定句中后跟that引导的同位语从句。
突破2个高考句型
1．(教材P43) The desert was once a green land with huge trees，but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand—what a pity这片沙漠曾经是绿树成荫的绿洲，但这些树被砍伐殆尽，导致这座城市被沙尘掩埋——多么遗憾啊！
[句型公式]　本句是but连接的并列句，resulted in后面的宾语the city being buried by sand是动名词的复合结构。city与bury之间存在被动关系，故用being buried。
(1)单句语法填空
①The new evidence led to the thief being caught(catch)．
②I can't imagine Tom making(make) such a mistake.
(2)[链接写作]——一句多译
约翰上学又迟到了让他老师很生气。
①John's being late for school again made his teacher very angry.(动名词复合结构)
②It made his teacher very angry that John was late for school again．(主语从句)
先理解再牢记
在动名词复合结构中，用普通格或所有格，一般遵循下列原则：
(1)若动名词复合结构作主语，则其逻辑主语用名词的所有格或物主代词。
(2)若动名词复合结构作宾语或表语，当其逻辑主语指人时，则该逻辑主语用普通格或所有格均可。
(3)若动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的事物，则名词要用普通格。
2.(教材P43) It turns out that after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人，他们的身体几乎全部烧化消失了，只留下火山灰里的人形空当。
[句型公式]　It turns out...原来是……；结果是……。
(1)单句改错
It was turned out that his brother died of a sudden heart attack.去掉was
(2)[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)The job turned out to be harder than we thought.
(高级表达)It turned out that the job was harder than we thought.
先理解再牢记
It turns/turned out that...原来是……；结果是……
It turns/turned out to be...原来是……；结果是……
[名师点津]　本句型后接that从句时，句首的it不可用别的词代替；但是如果后面接不定式时，主语可根据实际需要确定。如：
He said he was a doctor; but later he turned out to be a cheat.他自称是医生，结果证明他是个骗子。


Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The judge declared (declare) that the young man was guilty of an attempted murder，while he himself insisted that he was innocent.
2．In recent years，a great deal of rubbish has been poured (pour) into the river，which smells terrible.
3．An accident happened on the way home last night，but the driver fled from the scene.
4．The Chinese Communist Party was founded (found) on July 1，1921．
5．His (he) not getting to the station on time made all of us worried.
6．The research showed beyond doubt that smoking contributes to heart disease.
7．He wasn't allowed to go to the cinema，for a lot of work remained to be done (do)．
8．When Mr.Green retired，his son took over the business from him.
9．I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life.
10．I can't go out with all these dishes to wash (wash)．
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句仅有一处错误)
1．I think there is one problem remains to be solved. remains→remaining
2．Judged from his expression，we know that he is pleased with it. Judged→Judging
3．During these years，I have had the chance explore many different places throughout the world.explore前加to
4．Mary together with her friends often go shopping on Sundays.go→goes
5．The paintings which are housed in the gallery are in great cultural value.第二个in→of
6．Sometimes we are not consciously aware with these feelings. with→of
7．After the earthquake I saw the whole town in ruin，but now everything has changed.ruin→ruins
8．Unfortunate，it rained heavily on Saturday，and I had to stay at home.Unfortunate→Unfortunately
9．With everything preparing well，he believed he could succeed.preparing→prepared
10．There is no doubt whether nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.whether→that

Ⅰ.课文语法填空
根据P42课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I felt lucky to have won a place to go on a cultural tour to sites of lost 1．civilizations (civilize)．We visited Pompeii in Italy and Loulan in China.Pompeii 2.was founded (found) in the 8th century BC，then taken 3.over by the Romans in 89 BC.Later，Pompeii was destroyed by a volcano，which 4.erupted (erupt) and covered Pompeii with ash.Unfortunately，many people were buried alive.The city was forgotten for many years 5．till/until the 18th century when a stone with 6.writing (write) on it was discovered by a farmer.People dug in the area and caused much damage.Therefore，in 1860，the area was governed by the government so it could be preserved and studied.
7．Differently (different)，Loulan disappeared under the sand.There were just a few ruins left.There was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city.The desert was once a green land with huge trees，8.but later they were cut down，which resulted in the city 9．being buried (bury) by sand.
They both were important commercial cities about 2，000 years ago.10.It is a pity that they disappeared forever.
Ⅱ.写作改错双练
根据提示运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并改正学生习作。
1．根据文献记载，古人兴建了很多著名的建筑物。(build)
2．有些仍然存在，有些逐渐成为废墟。(gradually，ruin)
3．为了纪念这些逝去的文明，有些已经重建或修复。(in memory of)
4．由于像沙尘暴这样的自然灾害，这些建筑遭受到很大的破坏。(disaster，sandstorm，destroy)
5．很多学者在寻找方法保护这些文化遗产。(solution，cultural，remains)
6．越来越多的人意识到这些文化遗产的意义并加入到保护它们的行列中。(be of＋抽象名词)
第一步：练写作
用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。


第二步：练改错
下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处语法错误，请帮他纠正过来。
People in ancient times built many famous buildings. Unfortunately，some of them gradually fall into ruin when others remain today.In memory of these lost civilizations，some of which have been rebuilt or repaired.Because natural disasters like sandstorms，the remained buildings are greatly destroyed. Therefore，many researchers and scholars are looking for solutions to protect these cultural remains.To our delighted，more and more people are aware that the cultural relics are of great significance and join to protect them.
【答案】　
People in ancient times built many famous buildings. Unfortunately，some of them gradually fall into ruin others remain today.In memory of these lost civilizations，some of have been rebuilt or repaired.Because natural disasters like sandstorms，the buildings are greatly destroyed. Therefore，many researchers and scholars are looking for solutions to protect these cultural remains.To our ，more and more people are aware that the cultural relics are of great significance and join to protect them.