2021新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义：选修7Unit2　Fitforlife

Unit 2　Fit for life


对应学生用书p112
项目
内　容
核心单词

单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子)

1.What he said was too ____________(复杂的) for me to understand.

2.In order to catch up with the advanced world levels we'll have to ____________(加快) our speed.

3.Setting to work，I buried myself in a ____________(大量) of papers.

4.The school struggles to treat pupils as individuals and to help each one achieve their full ____________(潜力).

5.The nurse applied pressure to his arm to stop ____________(流血).

6.Some facts came to light when we investigated the ____________(现象).

7.Good advertising is v____________ to paying attention to a product and introducing new products.

8.Surprisingly，it's snowing in autumn，and I feel the climate here is a____________.

9.A cough is sometimes a s____________ of a serious disease.

10.Much to my regret，I am u____________ to accept your kind invitation.

[答案]

1.complex　2.accelerate　3.mass　4.potential　5.bleeding　6.phenomenon　7.vital　8.abnormal　9.symptom

10.unable

词性转换(用所给词的适当形式填空)

1.His explanation was not ____________，so all of us didn't accept his ____________ for being absent. He should apologize to us ____________．(reason)

2.To ____________ for the good job，the ____________ spent three hours filling in his ____________ form.　(apply)

3.The drug is so ____________ that he is ____________ to it.Therefore，it's hard for him to get rid of the ____________ to it.(addict)

4.The expert said relievers are a safe and ____________ medicine and have very few side ____________ on your body.(effect)

5.The local government ____________ a wonderful performance for the old people in homes and they were satisfied with the ____________．(arrange)

6.The ____________ news that he decided to resign made us ____________．What ____________ us more was that the manager should agree with it.(astonish)

7.She ____________ her failure to my not helping her，so I found it difficult to sustain good ____________ with her.In fact her failure was not ____________ to me at all.(relate)

8.The famous ____________ denied in his ____________ report that it was the waste water from the ____________ factory that polluted the underground water in this area.(chemistry)

9.Exercise keeps the body ____________ moving faster，so we should play more sports to ____________ our physical system.(circulate)

10.Mo Yan had no sooner stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous ____________．Every person stood to ____________ his unforgettable honor of Chinese literature.(applaud)

11.This new railway ____________ this area in many ways.It is ____________ to the people living in this area.For the ____________ of more people，we should build more railways.(benefit)

12.“In order to make a pencil ____________，you need to ____________ it.” The mother told her son gently not ____________．(sharp)

[答案]

1.reasonable；reason；reasonably　2.apply；applicant；application　3.addictive；addicted；addiction　4.effective；effects　5.arranged；arrangement　6.astonishing；astonished；astonished　7.related；relationship；related　

8.chemist；chemistry；chemical　9.circulation；circulate　10.applause；applaud　11.benefits；beneficial；benefit　

12.sharp；sharpen；sharply


重点短语,汉译英
1．试验______________________________　　　　　　　　2.批量生产__________________________
3．使筋疲力尽__________________ 4.放出________________
5．同意，赞成____________________ 6.对……有益____________________
7．大量的____________________ 8.消失____________________
9．对做……上瘾 ____________________ 10.肿胀，膨胀____________________
[答案]
1．try out　2.mass production　3.wear sb.out　4.let out　5.subscribe to　6.be beneficial to　7.in large quantities
8．fade away　9.be addicted to doing　10.swell up
句型操练·背诵与仿写 ,1.It astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead, which meant that the mould had killed them.(P19，L37­38)
仿写　见到那些高楼他大吃一惊，这说明他以前未曾来过这里。
It ______________________________________________，which ________________________________________．
2．One theory explaining this phenomenon suggests that acupuncture blocks pain signals from reaching the brain.(P31，L39­41)
仿写　正在台上发言的那个人表示谁也不能阻止孩子们上学。
The man __________________________ suggests ____________________________________________________．
3．There is evidence that acupuncture began during the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian(砭) were used to press areas of the body.(P30，L3­4)
仿写　有证据表明这所学校是100多年前建立的，当时它的旁边有一座小山。
There is evidence that __________________________________________，when ____________________________．
[答案]
1．astonished him to see those tall buildings；meant that he had never come here before
2．speaking on the stage；that no one can block the children from going to school
3．this school was founded a hundred years ago；a hill was beside / by it



对应学生用书p113
☆重点单词☆
1．name (names / named / named / naming)
vt.命名；提名；叫出；指定
n．名字；姓名；名誉
namely adv.即；也就是
We named him chairman.
我们任命他为主席。
Can you name__all__the__plants__and__trees in this garden?
你能叫出花园里所有花草树木的名称吗？
My name is Lily.
我叫莉莉。
I know her face but I can't call her name to mind.
我认得她，但我想不起她的名字了。
同/ 近义词：
address / refer to
温馨提示：
name做动词时，后面可接补语为名词的复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)，例如：name the baby Tony
必记搭配：
name after 按……命名
by name 名叫……，凭名字
by the name of...＝named... 名叫……
make a name 出名；成名
to one's name 属于自己
under the name of... 以……的别名
first name 名
last name 姓
in the name of 以……的名义
2．recommend(recommends / recommended / recommended / recommending)
vt.推荐，介绍；劝告；使受欢迎
Our teacher recommended us some new books on this subject.
老师向我们推荐了关于这个学科的一些新书。
I recommend you to get down to work as soon as possible.
我建议你尽快开始工作。
He recommended that the experiment be done in the open air.
他建议到户外做这个实验。
同/ 近义词：
advise / suggest / guide
必记搭配：
recommend doing 推荐做某事
recommend sb.to do 推荐某人做某事
recommend that＋S＋(should)＋V(动词原形)
3．relief
n．[U](痛苦等的)减轻，(债务等的)免除，救济，安慰
The pills gave her some relief.
药片减轻了她一些痛苦。
A doctor should work for the relief of suffering.
医生为解除病痛而工作。
同/ 近义词：
ease / resistance
温馨提示：
relieve vt.减轻，解除；援救，救济；换班
relieve one's feelings 发泄感情
必记搭配：
give a sigh of relief 宽慰地松了一口气
to one's relief 令某人宽慰的是
4．pressure
n．[U]压；榨；压力；催促；困扰
Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。
I can't see you this week—I'm __under__pressure__ to get this report finished.
我这星期没法见你——我必须把这篇报告写完。
必记搭配：
put / bring pressure on sb.(to do sth.) 对某人施加压力
under pressure 在压力下；被迫
【运用提升】
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．The man contributed so greatly to the university that the new library was named ____________ him.
2．Much to our ____________(relieve), our performance was fully appreciated by the audience, mostly college students.
3．He ____________(recommend) to study in Oxford University by the professor.
4．It’s not wise to put too much pressure ________ your child.
[答案与解析]
1．after。考查短语。短语be named after...用……命名；该短语在句中做谓语部分。句意：这个人对这所大学做出如此巨大的贡献以至于新的图书馆以他的名字命名。
2．relief。句意：值得欣慰的是，主要是大学生的观众对我们的演出十分欣赏。to our relief令我们欣慰的是。
3．was recommended。考查被动语态。句意：两年前他被教授推荐到牛津大学学习。
4．on。put pressure on sb.对某人施加压力。
☆核心短语☆
1．因为　　　　　　　　__due__ to
Due to the heavy traffic，he was late.
由于交通繁忙，他迟到了。

由于　　　　　　__owing__ to
多亏　 __thanks__ to
根据　 __according__ to
2．测试，试用　 __try__ out
They're trying out a new presenter for the show.
他们正在为这个节目试用一位新的主持人。
try out for　　　　　　　参加……选拔
try on 试穿
try for 试图获得，力争赢得
try one's best to do sth. 竭尽所能做某事

发出，放出　　　　　　__let__ out
找出　　　 __find__ out
弄懂、理解　　 __figure__ out
弄清；辨认出　　 __make__ out
点清　　 __count__ out
出版，出现　 __come__ out
执行　　 __carry__ out
出版，使显出　　 __bring__ out
使完全，填满，充实　　 __fill__ out

完成句子：
①The girl ____________ the red dress and decided to buy it.
女孩试穿了那条红色的裙子并买下了它。
②We should ____________ look after our parents，and make them happy in their later years.
我们应当尽力照顾好我们的父母，并使他们晚年幸福。
③Many actors went to ____________ the leading role in the film.
很多男演员去参加这部电影主角的甄选。
[答案]
①tried on　②try our best to　③try out for
3．对(做)某事物有瘾　　　be __addicted__ to sth. / doing sth.
Her son is addicted to playing computer games.
她儿子沉迷于玩电脑游戏。

对……专心致志　　　　　be__devoted__ to
习惯于　　 be __used__ to
被判处　　 be __sentenced__ to
与……有关系　　 be __related__ to
与……相连接　　 be __joined__ to
与……连接　 be __connected__ to
【运用提升】
Ⅰ.改错。
1．The activity was cancelled due for bad weather.
________________________________________________________________________
2．Try in the new medicine for a year and we'll see how well it works.
________________________________________________________________________
[答案与解析]
1．for改成to。due to意思为“由于；归因于”。句意：这个活动由于天气不好而被取消了。
2．in改成out。句意：试验新药一年，我们就知道它的作用如何了。
Ⅱ.根据句意，从所提供的词组中选择恰当的词组填入相关的句中。注意词形的变化。
thanks to；let out；carry out；be addicted to；
subscribe to；wear out
1．As the college entrance examination draws near, the hard­working boy was completely ____________ and needed a good rest.
2．The construction plan will be ____________ next month.
3．Not many people ____________ the idea that money brings happiness.
4．____________ his help, we have this computer repaired.
5．All the students ____________ a loud laugh when the teacher told them an interesting joke.
6．Smokers are likely to ____________ nicotine(尼古丁)．
[答案与解析]
1．worn out。考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：随着高考的临近，那个勤奋的男孩疲劳极了，需要好好休息一下。wear sb. out意为“使某人极度疲劳”，此处是其被动形式：sb. be worn out。
2．carried out　3.subscribe to　4.Thanks to　5.let out
6．be addicted to
☆关键句型及惯用法☆
1．It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr.Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical.(P18，L12­13)
译：在1897年，一位称作Felix Hoffmann博士的欧洲药剂师从这种化学物质中生产出了阿司匹林。
[It is / was ＋ 被强调的部分 ＋ who / that]
此句是强调句型，强调句的基本构成：It is / was ＋ 被强调的部分 ＋ who(主要指人) / that ＋ 其余部分。
注意：这种结构可以强调句子的主语、宾语、状语(包括时间、地点、方式、原因等)，但是不能强调谓语动词。原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态，用It is...that / who...；原句的谓语动词如果是过去时态，用It was...that / who...。强调时间、地点、原因或方式时不要用when、where或how，通常用that。
例句1：I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.
→(强调主语)It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.
→(强调地点状语)It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.
→(强调时间状语)It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.
→(强调宾语)It was him that / who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.
例句2：He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.
→It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.
例句3：I was late again because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour.
→It was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again.
(强调句中只能强调由because引导的原因状语从句，because不能换成since，as，for，now that等。)
注意：强调句的疑问结构
一般疑问句：Is / Was it ＋被强调部分 ＋who / that...?
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is / was ＋it ＋who / that...?
例句1：I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.
→When was it that you saw him in the street?
→Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon?
→Where was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon?
例句2：I don't know when he will come back.
→I don't know when it is that he will come back.(强调句式的宾语从句为疑问词后＋陈述句语序)
例句3：—How was it that you got in touch with Mr.Smith?
你是怎么和Smith先生联系上的？
—Through a friend of mine.通过我的一个朋友。

完成汉译英：
①你去年暑假是在北京旅游吗？
________________ in Beijing____________ you travelled last summer vacation?
②是什么使他那么生气？
________________________________ made him so angry?
③他问汤姆什么时候才能回来。
He asked ____________________________________ Tom came back.
④直到最后一刻他才后悔他的决定。
It was __________________ the last moment ____________ he regretted his decision.
[答案]
①Was it；that　②What was it that　③when it was that　④not until；that
思考：a.如果要强调谓语动词，该怎么办呢？
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
如果要强调句中的谓语动词，用do / does / did＋动词原形构成。
I do believe you.我确实相信你。
He did say that he was wrong.他确实说他错了。
b．下面两句如何强调谓语动词？
He has learned English for 4 years.
They will go to the town.
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
通过加副词强调。
He has already learned English for 4 years.
They will surely go to the town.
2．Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.(P18，L18­19)
译：阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。
[not only...but also...]
本句中使用了not only...but also...的倒装句式。not only...but also...如果引导两个并列的成分，就不必倒装。例如：
Not only Tom but also Jimmy is thought to have missed the chance to go to college.
Clinton is not only intelligent but also hardworking.
但是，当not only...but also...的结构用来引导两个句子，且not only 放在句首的时候，前面的分句就要倒装。例如：
Not only does he like English，but also he learns it well.
思考：not only...but also...的结构中主谓一致的原则是什么？类似的情况试举两例。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
遵循就近一致的原则，如neither...nor；either...or。
如：Not only you but also I am planning to go.
3．Acupuncture uses stainless steel needles that are put into the skin at certain points on the body so that a disease can be cured or a health problem solved.(P30，L18­19)
译：针灸是在身体一定的穴位插入不锈钢针来治疗疾病或解决健康问题。

本句中a health problem solved是省略结构，其完整的句子为a health problem can be solved。两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。
My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.
I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.

语法填空：
George said that he would come to school to see me the next day，but he ____________(do)．
[答案与解析] didn't。考查动词的时态和省略。题干的意思是：乔治说他第二天会来学校看我，但是他没来。前一个分句的谓语动词said为一般过去时，空格处与said并列并作后一分句的谓语，并省略与前一分句中相同部分，故用一般过去时didn't。

【运用提升】
Ⅰ.英译中。
1．Some of us study Russian，and others English.(others后省略了study)
________________________________________________________________________
2．Ma Lin is a bus driver，and his wife a conductor.(his wife后省略了is)
________________________________________________________________________
3．I do like you.
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
1．我们有的学俄语，有的学英语。
2．马林是公交汽车司机，他的妻子是售票员。
3．我确实喜欢你。
Ⅱ.改写句子(强调划线部分)。
1．Jack won the first prize in the swimming contest.
________________________________________________________________________
2．Only__when__you__nearly__lose__someone do you fully realize how much you value him.
________________________________________________________________________
3．An awful accident occurred the other day.
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
1．It was Jack who/that won the first prize in the swimming contest.
2．It is only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him.
3．An awful accident did occur the other day.
Ⅲ.根据中文意思填空。
1．Not only ____________ he point out my shortcomings, but also he helped me to correct them last year.
去年他不但指出了我的缺点，而且还帮助我改正了它们。
2．Not only ____________ Mr Smith allowed to go to Cambridge University，but(also) he was given a full scholarship.
史密斯先生不仅被剑桥大学录取，而且还获得了全额奖学金。
3．Either you or he ________ right.
或者你是对的，或者他是对的。
[答案]
1．did　2.was　3.is


对应学生用书p115
教材与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Two life­saving medicines
This article will focus on two drugs—aspirin and penicillin，both of 1.____________ have saved millions of people's lives and have proved 2.____________(benefit) to mankind since they were invented.
Aspirin, invented in 1897，was sold in shops 3.____________ the form of tablets three years 4.____________(late)．Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，5.____________ there are also other things that aspirin can help with.It has the potential 6.____________(reduce) the risk of heart attacks.Besides，7.____________ can prevent strokes and reduce the risk of some cancers by 40 per cent.Still，it can reduce blood sugar levels and，therefore，help people with diabetes.
Penicillin 8.____________(discover) in 1928.Since the new drug was needed for World WarⅡ， 9.____________ government approval process for penicillin was accelerated，and mass 10.____________(produce) began in 1944.
[答案]
1．which　2.beneficial　3.in　4.later　5.but　6.to reduce
7．it　8.was discovered　9.the　10.production