2021新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义：选修6Unit4　Helpingpeoplearoundtheworld

Unit 4　Helping people around the world


对应学生用书p103
项目
内　容
核心单词

单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子)

1.The government in that country is facing another 　　　　　　 (政治的) crisis.

2.We need to encourage more people to take up the project because it 　　　　　　 (缺少) labor force.

3.There is no doubt that the mobile phone is an important 　　　　　　 (方式) of communication.

4.They are leading a simple life in the 　　　　　　 (遥远的) mountains far away from the town now.

5.　　　　　　 (全体员工) are encouraged to use the library for professional self­development.

6.Knowledge or techniques have been a　　　　　　 through exploration.

7.The actress was always very generous in the c　　　　　　.

8.People in this area were suffering from hunger and p　　　　　　.

9.Before my best friend went abroad， he sent me a book as a gift， which always r　　　　　　 me of him.

10.He was lucky enough to spot a v　　　　　　 seat， so he quickly sat down.

[答案]

1.political　2.lacks　3.means　4.remote　5.Staff　6.acquired　7.charity　8.poverty　9.reminded　10.vacant

词性转换(用所给词的适当形式填空)

1.All men are born 　　　　　　， so everyone hopes to be treated 　　　　　　 because 　　　　　　 is the basic demand.(equal)

2.He was a 　　　　　　 for the Nanjing Youth Olympic Games， always 　　　　　　 to do some 　　　　　　 jobs.(volunteer)

3.The volunteers 　　　　　　 much time to the project. Dr Win was a major 　　　　　　 to the project and he made a great 　　　　　　.(contribute)

4.One should never make public property his private 　　　　　　. We should 　　　　　　 what we want by working hard.(possess)

5.The hall was 　　　　　　 with many people and seeing such a 　　　　　　 of audience below the stage， he was too nervous to know what to say.(crowd)

6.Studies show farmland in Africa is often 　　　　　　 in important nutrients.　　　　　　 of nutrients makes the soil poor.(lack)

7.His generous donation filled our need for 　　　　　　 funds， and in 　　　　　　， it encouraged more and more people to give a hand.(add)

8.I had a sudden 　　　　　　 to tell the boss what was the 　　　　　　 matter because of the 　　　　　　 of time.(urge)

9.After three days without food， the men were close to 　　　　　　. If we had come later， they would have 　　　　　　 to death.(starve)

10.You 　　　　　　 me of my deadline to hand in my paper. Thanks for your 　　　　　　.(remind)

11.This girl 　　　　　　 what she had seen and heard， giving a vivid 　　　　　　 of the event as if she had attended it herself. So she was a good 　　　　　　.(describe)

12.My son made a 　　　　　　 to me that he won't 　　　　　　 the same mistake any more.(commit)

[答案]

1.equal；equally；equality　2.volunteer；volunteering；voluntary　3.contributed；contributor；contribution

4.possessions；possess　5.crowded；crowd　6.lacking；Lack　7.additional；addition　8.urge；urgent；urgency

9.starvation；starved　10.reminded；reminder　11.described；description；describer　12.commitment；commit


重点短语,汉译英
1.此外　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2.使某人觉察到　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.在……的保护下　　　　　　 　 4.但愿　　　　　　　 　
5.出故障　　　　　　　 　 6.处于混乱状态　　　　　　　 　
7.抓住　　　　　　　 　 8.让某人想起……　　　　　　　 　
9.回想　　　　　　　 　 10.有作用　　　　　　　 　
11.死于　　　　　　　 　 12.谈及　　　　　　　 　
[答案]
1.in addition　2.draw someone's attention to　3.under the umbrella of　4.if only　5.break down　6.in chaos
7.get hold of　8.remind sb.of　9.think back to　10.make a difference　11.die from / of　12.refer to
句型操练·背诵与仿写 ,1.I know I can't change the whole world， but I'm proud that I can help here and there， and make a difference to people's lives.(P63，L49­51)
仿写　转学对我的一生有重大影响。
Changing schools 　.
2.There is little money coming to their families and often they cannot afford to purchase important things like medicine.(P59，C)
仿写　那时，他家里没钱。老人看不起病，孩子上不了学。
Then， there was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. The old 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and the children 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
3.The end of World War Ⅱ saw the development of the nuclear bomb.(P129，B)
仿写　最近几年城市发展很快。
Recent years 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.The situation is very different here， as are the problems.(P62，L11­12)
仿写　对生命来说，水和空气重要，食物同样重要。
Water and air 　　　　　　　　　　， as　　　　　　.
5.If only I were a Goodwill Ambassador！ (P56，Grammar and usage)
仿写　我能去太空旅行多好！
If only 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　！
[答案]
1.makes / made a big difference to my life
2.no / little / not any money in his family；couldn't / was not able to afford (to go) to see a doctor；couldn't afford (to go to) school
3.have seen a rapid development of cities
4.are important to life；is food
5.I could / were able to travel in space



对应学生用书p104
☆重点单词☆
1.refer (refers / referred / referred / referring)
v.涉及，提到
She promised me not to refer to the matter again.
她向我承诺再也不提这件事了。
He gave the speech 　without referring to　 his notes.
他脱稿发表了演讲。
n.reference
[C，U]提及，涉及
Knowing what had happened，I avoided making any reference to (＝ mentioning) weddings.
Earlier nicknames， dating back to 1959， were commonly in reference to the class size.
[U]参考；查阅
I wrote down the name of the hotel for future reference.
同/ 近义词：
speak of / about
温馨提示：
refer to 短语中to为介词，后面不能跟动词不定式，后常跟名词或动名词短语。
必记搭配：
refer to sb./ sth. 涉及，提到；参考，查阅
2.force (forces / forced / forced / forcing)
n.力量；精力；势力；暴力，武力
pl.军队，影响力
join the forces / the army从军，参军
vt.强制，强加；(用武力)夺取；促使；施加压力
The force of the explosion broke all the windows.
爆炸的力量震碎了所有窗户的玻璃。
His arguments 　forced them to admit　 he was right.
他的论据迫使他们承认他是正确的。
It's foolish to force your foot into a shoe that's too small for you.
你强行把脚塞进太小的鞋真是愚蠢。
同/ 近义词：
power / energy / strength
必记搭配：
bring sth.into force 使……生效，实施……
force sb.to do sth. 强迫某人干某事
force one's way 强行前进
3.remind (reminds / reminded / reminded / reminding)
vt.提醒，使想起
This story 　reminds me of my childhood　.
这个故事让我想起了我的童年。
The teacher reminded the students to review the lessons for the coming exam.
老师提醒学生们复习功课迎考。
The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.
看见时钟，我就想起我迟到了。
同/ 近义词：
prompt / memorize
温馨提示：
remind是及物动词，意思是“提醒，使想起”，后接名词或代词做宾语，常与介词of连用，可以在后面直接接人名或人称代词宾格。其用法主要有以下几种：
“提醒某人干什么”：与不定式、名词性从句连用
“使某人想起某人或某物”：与of 连用，后可接名词、代词或从句
Please remind me to get up at 6：30 a.m.
He was reminded that he should hand in the composition immediately.
The photo usually reminds me of the things and persons in my college life.
必记搭配：
remind sb.of sth. 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
remind sb.to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
remind sb.(that)... 提醒某人……

单句语法填空：
①This morning I received a phone call from my brother who reminded me 　　　　　　(meet)my uncle at the airport.
②Your words reminded me　　　　　　 my teacher， who had said the same words to encourage me.
[答案与解析]
①to meet。考查非谓语动词。句意：今天早上我接到哥哥的电话，他提醒我去机场接我叔叔。根据句意可知，remind sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“提醒某人做……”，故填to meet。
②of
4.touch (touches / touched / touched / touching)
vt.触及；涉及；接触，触摸
n.接触；触觉
She bent over me， touching me with her lips.
她朝我俯过来，吻了我一下。
The little boy's legs were too short　to touch　the ground.
那个小男孩的腿太短了，够不着地面。
Are you still in touch with our foreign teacher？
你和我们的外教还有联系吗？
Please write it down. It would be nice to keep in touch.
请记一下，这便于保持联系。
同/ 近义词：
involve / feel
必记搭配：
be in touch with 和……有联系
be out of touch with 和……失去联系
get in touch with 和……取得联系
keep in touch with 和……保持联系
lose touch with 和……失去联系
5.face (faces / faced / faced / facing)
n.脸；面容，表情；表面
vt.& vi.面对，面临；承认；朝，向
He left with a contented smile on his face.
他脸上带着满意的微笑离开了。
I'm aware of the fact， but I have no courage to face it.
我已经知道了事实，但是我没有勇气面对。
He is faced with a difficult choice.
他面临困难的抉择。
同/ 近义词：
look / expression
温馨提示：
注意表示面部表情、被打在脸上和直视某人脸时的介词搭配：
(1)表示面部表情，通常用介词on；
例如：Our headteacher came in， with a big smile on his face.
(2)表示被打在某人脸上，通常用介词in；
例如：He was slapped in the face by the rude man.
(3)表示直视某人的脸，通常用介词in。
例如：The man looked the girl in the face.
比较：The man looked at her face.
The man looked at the girl steadily.
6.operate (operates / operated / operated / operating)
vt.操作；控制；使运行
vi.动手术，运转；经营
n.operation 手术；operator 接线员；操作者
He operates a big company in Shanghai.
他在上海经营一家大公司。
Don't worry—everyone will be shown how to operate the new machines.
别担心，将有人给我们每个人演示如何操作新机器。
Solar panels can only operate in sunlight.
太阳能电池板只能在日光下起作用。
同/ 近义词：
work / manage
温馨提示：
注意在某人身上做手术应该为 “operate on sb.”。
必记搭配：
operate on sb. 给某人做手术
come into operation 开始生效
7.worthy (worthier / worthiest)
adj.有价值的；值得尊敬的；相称的，值得的
This book is worthy of being read.(＝This book is worth reading.)
这本书值得一读。
This is a worthy reference book.这是一本有价值的参考书。
This topic is worthy to be discussed.这个话题值得讨论。
同/ 近义词：
worthwhile / worth
温馨提示：
worthy 既可做定语，也可以做表语。做定语时意思为“有价值的，值得尊敬的”；做表语时意思为“值得的”，其后接of(doing) sth.，也可以接to do sth.。
必记搭配：
be worthy of sth. 值得……的
be worthy to be done 值得一做
be worthy of being done 值得一做

句型转换：
Since you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures，I think this festival is worth experiencing.
＝ Since you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures，I think this festival is worthy ________________________________________________________________________.
＝ Since you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures，I think this festival is worthy of ________________________________________________________________________.
＝ Since you are interested in traditional Chinese cultures，I think it is worthwhile ________________________________________________________________________this festival.
[答案]
to be experienced；being experienced；experiencing / to experience
【运用提升】
Ⅰ.选择括号内适当的单词填空。
1.Not only can they 　　　　　　(turn / operate / promote) the machines with safety， but they can also repair them.
2.We have been out of　　　　　　(touch / sense / relation) with our foreign teacher for two years.
3.If one country has a resource another nation wants，they might take it with 　　　　　　(force / energy / strength).
[答案与解析]
1.operate。考查动词。句意：他们不仅能够安全地操作这些机器，而且还能修理它们。operate操作，控制，起作用，经营。
2.touch。句意：我们和外教失去联系已经两年了。be out of touch with和……失去联系。
3.force。考查名词辨析。句意：如果一个国家拥有另一个国家想要的资源，他们就可能用武力夺取。force武力，力量；energy精力；strength力量，力气。
Ⅱ.阅读下面材料，用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1.　　　　　　(face) with an energy crisis， they are seeking new ways of conserving energy.
2.　　　　　　(remind) not to miss the flight at 15：00， the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
3.President Xi Jinping demanded that the environmental problems 　　　　　　 (refer) to be paid special attention to.
[答案与解析]
1.Faced。句意：面对能源危机，他们正在寻找节约能源的新方法。be faced with 面临着。
2.Reminded。考查非谓语动词。remind 与其逻辑主语the manager之间为动宾关系，故填过去分词。remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事，使某人想起某事。
3.referred。考查非谓语动词。由语义可知refer to 和problem之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词做后置定语。句意：习近平主席要求对所提到的环境问题给予特别关注。
Ⅲ.用不同的方式表达下面的句子。
你的建议值得考虑。
1.Your suggestion ________________________________________________________________________.
2.Your suggestion ________________________________________________________________________.
3.Your suggestion ________________________________________________________________________.
4.Your suggestion ________________________________________________________________________.
5.________________________________________________________________________ your suggestion.
6.________________________________________________________________________ your suggestion.
[答案]
1.is worth considering
2.is worthy of consideration
3.is worthy of being considered
4.is worthy to be considered
5.It is worthwhile to consider
6.It is worthwhile considering
☆核心短语☆
1.出故障；损坏；失去控制　　　　break 　down　
They had to stop working because the machine had broken down.
因为机器出故障了，所以他们不得不停止工作。

(战争、疾病等)爆发　　　　　　break 　out　　
挣脱，脱逃；革除(习惯、信仰)　　 break 　away (from)　
闯入；插话　　　　 break 　in　
强行进入　　 break 　into　
冲破；突破；克服，战胜　　 break 　through　
中断 break 　off　
破碎；结束；解散；(学校)放假　　 break 　up　

用break短语的适当形式填空：
①The infective disease 　　　　　　and many people suffered.
②The doctor told us that Jane's health 　　　　　　 under the pressure of work.
[答案]
①broke out　②broke down
2.回想　　　　　　　　　　think 　back　 to
These old photos made me think back to my schooldays.
这些旧照片使我回想起了我的学生时代。

考虑；关心　　　　　　　　think 　about　
想起，记得；觉得怎么样　　　 think 　of　
仔细考虑　　　　　　　　　 think 　over　
高度评价　　 think 　highly of　
看不起，不把……当回事　　　　 think 　nothing of 　
想出，熟思　　　　　 think 　out　
思考：与think搭配的短语还有不少，请你试试能再写出几个吗？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
think up　想出　think a lot of　高度评价
think little / badly of　看法、评价不好
3.死于……　　　　　　　　　　die 　from / of　
A new report says each year about two million people die from accidents and diseases related to their jobs.
一则新报道说每年大约有200万人死于和他们工作有关的事故和疾病。
People who often stay up too late are more likely to die of heart disease， according to a study.
根据一项调查，经常熬夜的人更可能死于心脏病。

相继死去　　　　　　　　　　　　　die　off　
死光，绝种　　　　 die 　out　
(炉火、骚乱等) 渐渐平息，消失　 die 　down　
渴望 / 迫切想要干某事　　　 　be dying for sth./ to do sth.　
(声音、风或光等)慢慢变弱、消失　　 die 　away　
4.引起某人注意　　　　　　　　draw one's 　attention　
The girl's sudden death drew the police's attention to this matter.
女孩的突然死亡引起警察对这件事的关注。

(天黑)渐晚；(白昼)渐长；拖延　draw 　out　
得出结论　　　　 draw 　a conclusion　
从……中获得……　　 draw sth.　from　 sth.
把某人拉到一边　 draw sb.　aside　
【运用提升】
Ⅰ.选择括号内适当的单词填空。
1.Professor Wang is 　　　　　　(high / highly) respected for his being committed to his work all year long.
2.To my surprise， they have broken 　　　　　　(up / down / off / out) their engagement.
3.On the Eve of the Spring Festival， we Chinese people like to play with firecrackers， and the noise doesn't die 　　　　(from / off / out / down) until after midnight.
4.Based on this fact， some people 　　　　　(draw / speak / come) a conclusion that education makes a difference to one’s life.
[答案与解析]
1.highly。句意：王教授因全年致力于工作而备受尊敬。highly很； 非常； 高标准地； 高级地； 大量地； 钦佩地； 赞赏地。
2.off。考查动词短语辨析。句意：让我惊讶的是，他们突然解除了婚约。break up破裂，解散，(学校)放假；break down出毛病，分解，感情失控；break off断开，突然中止，结束；break out爆发。
3.down。句意：我们中国人在春节的除夕夜喜欢放鞭炮，鞭炮声一直到半夜才减弱。die from 死于；die off 相继去世；die out灭绝；die down 逐渐减弱。
4.draw。句意：基于这一事实，有些人得出结论：教育影响人的一生。
Ⅱ.根据句意，从所提供的词组中选择恰当的词组填入相关的句中。注意词形的变化。
die of；refer to；think highly of；
if only；think back to；break through
1.Her boyfriend 　　　　　　 cancer last year.
2.He more than once 　　　　　　 the importance of education in his report yesterday.
3.Why does it make me so sad when I 　　　　　　 that day？
4.He ran towards the barrier in an attempt to 　　　　　　 it.
5.I felt so embarrassed when being blamed by my teacher in class. 　　　　　　 I had completed my homework last night！
6.He was 　　　　　　 by his boss.
[答案与解析]
1.died of
2.referred to。句意：他昨天在报告中多次提到了教育的重要性。本题的难点在于refer to表示“提及、谈到”；时间状语“yesterday”表明用一般过去时。
3.think back to
4.break through
5.If only。句意：当我在课堂上被老师责备时我感到很尴尬，要是我昨晚完成作业就好了。if only“要是”。注意：if only常用来表示一种不可能实现的愿望，需要用虚拟语气。
6.thought highly of
☆关键句型及惯用法☆
1.It is as if we had only talked for a minute.(P57，Part B)
译：我们好像才聊了一会儿呢。

思考：as if在上句中引导的是什么从句？该如何判定何时使用虚拟语气？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
上句中as if引导的是表语从句。例如：
The weather is too cold.It looks as if it is going to snow.
天气很冷，看起来好像要下雪。(可能性很大)
as if 还可以引导状语从句。例如：
Tom is smiling as if he knew nothing about it.
汤姆笑着，似乎对此毫无所知。
注意：as if 引导从句时，如果描述的是真实情况，就使用陈述语气；如果描述的是非真实情况，就使用虚拟语气：用“过去”表“现在”，用“过去完成”表“过去”。

语法填空：
He opened his mouth as if 　　　　　　(say) something.
[答案与解析]
to say。as if 用作连词，常引导方式状语从句，意为“好像”。但是as if 后也可以接动词不定式，意为“好像/似乎要做……”。句意：他张开口似乎要说什么。故本题正确答案填to say。
2.Arrived here to find everything was in chaos.(P62，L2)
译：来到这儿，发现一切都乱糟糟的。

思考：a.不定式在句中做什么成分？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
b.动词不定式做结果状语的结构特点？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
a.to find 在句中做结果状语。
b.动词不定式表示结果时，往往是与预期愿望相反的结果。通常用基本形式，且总是出现在句尾，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
例如：He came back home only to find a cat in the kitchen.
他回到家，发现厨房里有只猫。
He woke up to find everybody gone.
他醒来发现大家都走了。

语法填空：
She got there only 　　　　　　(tell) that they had gone on holiday.
[答案与解析]
to be told。句意：她到达那里，结果却被告知他们度假去了。only后是表示结果的动词不定式。
另外，enough to，too...to，so...as to结构中的动词不定式也是做结果状语。
He is old enough to go to school.
他到了上学年龄了。
He is too old to walk as quickly as you.
他年纪太大了以至于不能像你走得那么快。
3....there is mud and water everywhere，making it difficult to travel from place to place.(P62，L12­13)
译：到处都是泥浆和水，让此地到彼地的行程变得很困难。
[make＋it＋形容词(补足语)]
句型“make it difficult”中，difficult做形式宾语it的补足语。
例如：I find it difficult to learn French well.
(比较：I find it is difficult to learn French well.)
思考：a.making it difficult to travel from place to place在此句中做何成分？
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b.现在分词做状语有哪些情况？
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[答案]
a.表结果的状语。
b.表伴随：The children ran out of the room， laughing and talking merrily.
表原因：Seeing nobody at home， she decided to leave them a note.
表结果：His parents were killed in the accident， leaving him an orphan.
表时间：When crossing the road， please be careful.
表条件：Working hard， you'll get a good achievement.
表让步：Working so hard， he failed again.

语法填空：
　　　　　　(work) among the peasants for many years，he knew them very well.
[答案与解析]
Having worked。现在分词短语做原因状语。由for many years可知使用现在分词的完成式。
现在分词做状语时，常可以表达伴随、原因、结果、时间、条件、让步情况。
使用时注意：
分词表示的必须是主语发出的动作；
分词表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的；
分词表示的是次要的动作，对谓语动词所表示的动作或状态加以补充说明；
表示时间关系的连接短语有时还可以由连接词while或when引导。
【运用提升】
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Our monitor talks to us in the classroom as if he 　　　　　　(be) our teacher.
2.Her voice is choking. It looks as 　　　　　　 she is very sad.
3.European football is played in 80 countries，　　　　　　(make) it the most popular sport in the world.
4.“We find 　　　　　　 is very hard to see what is ahead of us，” says Alix Grubel， a digital publisher.
[答案与解析]
1.were。句意：我们的班长在教室给我们讲话就好像他是我们的老师一样。as if后的内容不是真实的情况，从句需要用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词用were)。
2.if / though。as if / though好像。注意：as if / though引导的从句所表示的情况是事实，后面用陈述语气；引导的从句所表示的情况不是事实，后面用虚拟语气。
3.making。句意：有80个国家的人踢欧洲足球，这让它成为世界上最受欢迎的运动。making引导的句子在此处做结果状语。
4.it。句意：数字出版公司Alix Grubel表示：“我们发现，很难预测未来会发生什么。”it在此做形式宾语。



对应学生用书p107
教材与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I feel very honoured to have been able to work as 1.　　　　　　 Goodwill Ambassador of the United Nations. First， I should tell you something about the UN. The UN 2.　　　　　　(found) just after the Second World War in October 1945. It has four main functions： to keep international peace； to develop 3.　　　　　　(friend) relationships among nations；to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights； and to be a centre for 4.　　　　　　(organize) the actions or work of different nations.5.　　　　　　 you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere. With the help of the borrowed armies and other worthy organizations， the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters. In addition， the UN helps protect human rights and works 6.　　　　　　(improve) international laws. Second， I want to tell you about the work I have been doing. I mainly visit countries 7.　　　　　　 the UN has programmes to help people. The television and press will follow and record my visits， which 8.　　　　　　(increase) people's knowledge of the work of the UN. Apart from the urgent problems caused by wars and conflicts， the UN helps countries with other problems such as lack of education， 9.　　　　　　(starve)， disasters and other diseases. So， with the work of the UN the world has been brought 10.　　　　　　(close) together than before.
[答案]
1.a　2.was founded　3.friendly　4.organizing　5.As
6.to improve　7.where　8.will increase　9.starvation　10.closer