2021新课标名师导学高考英语译林版第一轮总复习讲义：选修8Unit1　Thewrittenword

Module 8

Unit 1　The written word


对应学生用书p124
项目
内　容
核心单词

单词拼写(根据汉语或首字母提示完成句子)

1.His best­selling albums and several commercials have made Chou a____________ (百万富翁).

2.If the package ____________ (包/裹) well，we usually assume the contents are also wonderful.

3.She hurriedly dived from the bridge and ____________ (营救) the drowning child.

4.The message you ____________ (打算) to convey through words may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.

5.The store has an excellent ____________ (声誉) for fair dealing.

6.They tried to prevent this experiment from failure，but in v____________.

7.He looked at the e____________ and recognized Jenny's handwriting immediately.

8.As a national treasure and a protected species，pandas are a____________ by people everywhere.

9.Security is being stepped up to deal with the increase in v____________.

10.Peace and development remain the two major t____________ of human society.

[答案]

1.millionaire　2.is wrapped　3.rescued　4.intend　5.reputation　6.vain　7.envelope　8.adored　9.violence　10.themes

词性转换(用所给词的适当形式填空)

1.The material，which is ____________ to many chemicals，has good ____________ to shock.However，some building bosses ____________ using it because of high costs.(resist)

2.Facing the ____________ atmosphere，I wanted to scream，for the ____________ became unbearable.(tense)

3.They went into town with the ____________ of visiting the library，where they could borrow the books ____________ for children.(intend)

4.I'm reading a ____________ The Mill on the Floss，which was written by the famous ____________，George Eliot.(novel)

5.The two groups fought ____________ and many of them died a ____________ death，so the media were swift to condemn the ____________．(violent)

6.There are five ____________ in this play，but they have their own ____________．(character)

7.These ____________ were committed largely by professional ____________ who lived by ____________．All citizens should help the police in tracking the ____________ down.(crime)

8.The ____________ gave readers a ____________ account of life on a desert island.(fiction)

9.Although the ____________ wrote many ____________，he seldom read ____________．To our amazement，his wife is also a ____________．(poet)

10.The couple kept the ____________ alive in their marriage for 35 years.The rose is the most ____________ of their beloved flowers.(romance)

11.He is a kind and ____________ old man and he ____________ contributed a lot of money to a primary school last week.His ____________ is worth admiring.(generous)

[答案]

1.resistant；resistance；resist　2.tense；tension　3.intention；intended　4.novel；novelist

5.violently；violent；violence　6.characters；characteristics　7.crimes；criminals；crime；criminals

8.fiction; fictional　9.poet；poems；poetry；poetess　10.romance；romantic

11.generous；generously；generosity


重点短语,汉译英
1．决心做某事________________________　　　2.忙碌__________________　　　3.达到__________________
4．精疲力尽的______________________ 5.救援某人____________________ 6.谈及____________________
7．目的是作为某物，目的是做某事____________________ 8.音调准确________________ 9.查明____________________
10．发行；出现______________________
[答案]
1．bent on (doing) something　2.on the run　3.live up to　4.worn out　5.come to one's rescue　6.touch on
7．be intended to be / do something　8.in tune　9.find out　10.come out
句型操练·背诵与仿写 ,1.He learns that wealth does not buy happiness and that friends are more important than a fancy education.(P3，L45­46)
仿写　他意识到金钱并不总是带来幸福，保持健康比什么都重要。
He has learned ________________________ and ______________________________________．
2．The poem was published in 1794 and，like many of Burns's poems，it was intended to be a song.(P14，L25­26)
仿写　1)他打算下周回家。
He ______________________________ next week.
2)这本书是给孩子写的。
This book __________________________________．
3．Tess feels no choice but to murder someone as a way to find happiness with her true love.(P106，A)
仿写　我逐渐感觉到非学好外语不可。
I come to ____________________________________．
4．Why else would many films adapted from them be successful? (P2，L12­13)
仿写　除了北京之外，你还去过别的地方吗？
______________________________Beijing?
[答案]
1．that money doesn't always bring happiness；that keeping fit is more important than anything else
2．1)intends to go home
2)is intended for children
3．feel no choice but to learn a foreign language well
4．Where else have you been besides



对应学生用书p125
☆重点单词☆
1．harm (harms / harmed / harmed / harming)
n．[U] 伤害，害处
v．伤害；损害
Modern farming methods have done considerable harm to the countryside.
现代耕作方法对农村造成了相当大的损害。
Whether__it__will__do__us__harm__or__good remains to be seen.
这对我们是好是坏还有待观察。
Drinking harms his health.
饮酒伤害了他的健康。
同/ 近义词：
damage / injury
温馨提示：
harmful adj.有害的；可致害的
80% of Americans think that television is harmful to society and especially to children.
百分之八十的美国人认为电视对社会尤其是对孩子有害。
必记搭配：
do sb./ sth.harm＝do harm to sb./ sth. 伤害某人 / 某物
do more harm than good 弊大于利
be harmful to 对……有害的
There is no harm in (sb.'s) doing sth./ It does no harm (for sb.) to do sth. 做某事并无害处(反而可能带来某些好处)
2．work (works / worked / worked / working)
n．[U] 工作，职业；劳动；作业；功课；[C] 作品，著作(常用复数形式)
vi.工作，做，劳动；(机器等)运转，活动；奏效，起作用；行得通
vt.使工作，使干活；开动，使转动，操作
I didn't realize putting on a play involved so much work.
我没有想到演一场戏需要这么多的工作。
He gained his wealth by printing works of famous writers.
他靠印刷著名作家的著作发了财。
I'm sure you'll succeed __if__you__work__hard__．
你只要努力，我敢肯定你会成功的。
同/ 近义词：
job / task / operate
必记搭配：
a wonderful piece of work 一件精致的工艺品
the works of Beethoven 贝多芬的作品
find work / a job after graduation 毕业后找到工作
a large steel works 一座大型钢铁厂
work a machine 操纵一台机器
at / out of work 在工作 / 失业
work at / on / out 从事 / 继续工作 / 计算出结果，制定出来
3．pity (pities / pitied / pitied / pitying)
n．[U]同情，怜悯；[C]可惜的事；憾事[＋ (that)]
v．怜悯；同情；(觉得)可怜
He pitied people who were stuck in dead­end jobs.
他很同情那些工作上毫无前途的人。
__It's__a__pity__that we can't go swimming.
遗憾的是我们不能去游泳。
I took pity on her and lent her the money.
我同情她，就把钱借给了她。
必记搭配：
feel pity for sb. 同情某人
have / take pity on sb. 对某人表示同情或怜悯
out of pity 出于同情
for pity's sake 请发发慈悲吧
It's a pity that... 遗憾的是……
What a pity! 真可惜！
4．tend (tends / tended / tended / tending)
vi.趋向，往往是，倾向；易于(＋ to / towards)
vt.照顾，护理
Prices __tend__to__go__up__ recently.
最近，物价有上涨的趋势。
Most of boys tend to enjoy playing basketball.
大部分男孩都喜欢打篮球。
A team of medical workers were sent to tend the survivors of the earthquake.
一组医护人员被派去照料地震的幸存者。
同/ 近义词：
take care of / look after
温馨提示：
tendency n．趋向；趋势
必记搭配：
tend to 倾向，趋向
5．compare (compares / compared / compared / comparing)
vt. / n. 比较，对比
vi.与……相类似(或相似)；与……媲美
When compared__with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
跟整个地球的体积相比，最大的海洋一点都不显大。
Please compare and contrast education in China and America.
请将中国和美国的教育对比一下。
Poets have often compared death to sleep.
诗人常把死亡比作安睡。
comparison n．比较
必记搭配：
compare... and...＝ compare...with / to... 把……和……进行比较
compared with 相对……而言
compare with sb./ sth. 比得上，与……媲美
compare...to... 把……比作……
beyond / without compare 无与伦比

单句语法填空：
①This restaurant compares ____________ the best in the country.
②Compare this new TV set ____________ the old one，you will see which is better.
③The red rose is compared ____________ the romantic love.
④There is an oversupply of building materials in the market in ____________(compare) with the real demand.
[答案]
①with　②with/to/and　③to　④comparison
【运用提升】
Ⅰ.选择括号内适当的单词填空。
1．It is heavy smoking that does ____________(application / harm / reserve) to their health.
2．We will not ____________(pity / damage / cherish) nor spare，nor have mercy on the enemy.
3．Men ____________(try / tend / attempt) to perform better than women in the business field.
[答案与解析]
1．harm。分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型。而强调句型的结构为“It is/was ＋被强调部分＋ that/who ＋其他部分”，do harm to 对……造成伤害。
2．pity。句意：对敌人我们不会同情，不会宽恕，也不会发慈悲。pity同情；damage危害；cherish珍惜。
3．tend。try to do sth.努力做某事；tend to do sth.易于做某事，往往会发生某事；attempt to do sth.企图做某事。
Ⅱ.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1．____________(compare) these two products, you’ll find this one has more functions and is easier to operate.
2．Mary ____________(work) on her new novel since last month, which is supposed to come out next month.
[答案与解析]
1．Comparing。考查动词。句意：当你比较这两种产品时，你会发现这种产品功能更多并且更易于操作。compare为及物动词，后面可直接跟宾语，表示“比较……”；(be)compared with意为“与……相比”，本句主语是you，而被比较的是产品。
2．has been working。现在完成进行时表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在，并可能继续进行下去。根据come out next month可知Mary的小说还没写完，故用现在完成进行时。
☆核心短语☆
1．一心想要，决心要　　　be bent __on__ sth./ doing sth.
He is bent on learning English well.
他决心学好英语。
表“决心”的短语还有：
make a decision 下决心
make up one's mind to do sth.　下定决心做某事
determine to do sth./ be determined to do sth.　决心做某事

因年老而弯腰驼背　　　be bent__with__age__
弯手臂 / 屈膝 / 垂头　　 bend one's __arm__/__knee__/__head__
埋头专心从事　　 bend one's__head__over__
屈服于坚强的意志　　 bend __before__/__to__the__strong__will__
专心于，致力于　　 bend __one's__mind__to__ /
bend __oneself__to__

用所给词的适当形式填空：
①Susan is __________(bend) on giving up dancing.
②The boss is bent on ____________ (invest) in the property market.
③He decided ____________ (take) part in the dancing contest to be held the following month.
④Suppose the company offered you a pay raise of 50%. Would you be __________(determine) to leave and look for a job elsewhere?
⑤She bent ____________ (she) mind to the new work.
[答案]
①bent　②investing　③to take　④determined　⑤her
2．出现；开花；出版　　　　　　　　come __out__
The result of the exam will come out before long.
考试结果不久就会出来。
Here are the first two volumes，the third one to come out next month.
前两册在这里，第三册将在下个月出版。

随……而产生 / 与……一起存在　　　come __with__
走过，得到　　　 come __by__
降下　　　 come __down__
上升　　　 come __up__
来迎接 / 取　　　 come __for__
偶然发现……　　　 come __upon__
想出，找出(答案)　　　 come up __with__
【运用提升】
根据句意，从所提供的词组中选择恰当的词组填入相关的句中。注意词形的变化。
live up to; far from; feed on；
brand new; touch on; find out
1．There is one more subject that I would like to ____________ briefly in the interview.
2．Scientists are trying to ____________ what makes the old people so forgetful.
3．It’s hard to ____________ the expectations of a teacher as strict as her.
4．In reality，this is ____________ the truth.
5．Butterflies ____________ a sweet liquid produced by flowers，which bees and other insects collect.
6．The Internet is still a ____________ thing for people living in the remote area.
[答案]
1．touch on。考查动词短语。句意：在面试的时候，我还想简要提及一个话题。分析句子可知，本句缺乏动词，根据句意，故用touch on(提及)。
2．find out。句意：科学家们正试图找出是什么使老年人如此健忘。
3．live up to　4.far from　5.feed on
6．brand new。句意：对于生活在偏远地区的人来说，互联网仍然是一个崭新的事物。短语brand new“全新的；崭新的”。
☆关键句型及惯用法☆
1．This makes them difficult for some people to read，so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.(P2，L7­8)
译：这使一些人阅读这些经典有困难，也使经典文学作品常常被遗忘在书架上而尘封着。

此句中的them指上文提到的经典书籍，做宾语。difficult是宾补，“for＋n.＋to do”做状语。“for”结构不能改成that从句。试比较下句：The water makes it difficult for the cuts and wounds to get better and easy for bacteria to spread.(见M6U4 P62，L21­22)这句中的it是形式宾语，difficult和easy并列，做宾补，两个并列的“for＋n.＋to do”结构为真宾语。一般地，做真宾语的“for＋n.＋to do”可改成that从句。
例如：The muddy road made it impossible for the car to pass through.
可改成：
The muddy road made it impossible that the car could pass through.
make接复合宾语的形式还有：
make＋O＋adj.
make＋O＋n.
make＋O＋do
make＋O＋adv./ prep.­phr.
make＋O＋v­ed

英译中：
①She would make him a good wife.
________________________________________________________________________
②Defeat and failure make people humble.
________________________________________________________________________
③Make yourself at home.
________________________________________________________________________
④His actions made him universally respected.
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
①她可以成为他的好妻子。
②挫折与失败会使人谦卑。
③请不要客气。
④他的行为使他受到普遍尊敬。
思考：英语中类似 “make＋宾语＋宾补”的结构，我们学过的动词还有哪些？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
英语中类似“make ＋宾语＋宾补”的结构，经常在高考中受到重视：
类似的动词有feel，hear，have，let，get，watch，notice，see，find，think，consider，etc.

“are... left”是“leave”的被动语态。是“被遗忘，被丢”的意思。leave表“忘记，遗忘”之意时，和forget意思相近，但leave后面常接地点状语。其结构是：leave＋宾语＋地点状语。如：
I've left my bag my father bought on the bus.
我把爸爸给我买的包忘在公共汽车上了。
Don't leave matches or cigarettes on the table within the reach of little children.
别把火柴或烟放在小孩子拿得着的桌子上。
leave的其他用法：leave (someplace) for (another place)　离开(某地)去(另外一个地方)
leave＋宾语＋宾补　让……处于(某种状态、某地)
sth.be left in / on　(某物)被留下，剩下

完成句子：
⑤我们把这个问题放到下次会议讨论。
We'll ________________ until the next meeting.
⑥别让她在外边雨里等着。
Don't ______________________ in the rain.
⑦秘书要他把电话号码留下来。
The secretary asked him __________________________．
[答案]
⑤leave the question
⑥leave her waiting outside
⑦to leave his telephone number
思考：表“剩余，剩下”时left 与remaining有什么区别？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
注意left与remaining的区别：remaining也可做形容词，表“剩余的，剩下的”，但常用作前置定语，而left常用作后置定语。如：
The passengers left in the accident(＝The remaining passengers in the accident) were more or less injured.
交通事故中幸存的乘客几乎都受了伤。
2．Pip dislikes it when Joe comes to visit him in London.(P3，L38­39)
译：皮普不喜欢乔来伦敦看他。

此句dislike是及物动词，之后使用代词it来指代when从句中所指的情况。类似的动词还有：like，love，enjoy，prefer，hate，appreciate等，有时后面的从句由if引导。


英译中：
①She won't love it when you use her computer.
________________________________________________________________________
②He hates it if people call him Fatty.
________________________________________________________________________
③I would appreciate it if you could drop in tonight.
________________________________________________________________________
④Wouldn't it be better if you made an appointment for me to see him at the office?
________________________________________________________________________[答案]
①她不喜欢你用她的电脑。
②他讨厌别人叫他胖子。
③你今晚能来一趟我会很感激。
④如果你能为我安排在办公室见他，那真是太好了！
思考：英语中引导词it的用法除了替代if或when从句我们还学过哪些？
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[答案]
英语中引导词it的特殊用法：
a．it在少数动词后做形式宾语，指代其后由that引导的宾语从句。
Rumor has it that Mary is getting married.
谣传玛丽快结婚了。
I take it that you have been out.我以为你一直出门在外。
Let me come and stay.You can put it that it was arranged before.
就让我过来待在这儿吧，你就说原先就是这样安排的。
b．在介词后做形式宾语，指代其后由that引导的宾语从句。
I'm counting on it that you will come.我指望着你会来。
There is no doubt about it that you will win.
毫无疑问你会赢的。
其他结构还有：answer for it that, depend on it that，insist on it that, see to it that等。
c．在成语或口语俚语中it虚设在介词或及物动词后，没有明确所指，也没有词法意义。it的使用只是语法上的需要——介词或及物动词需要一个充当宾语的词。
as luck would have it 真幸运　make it 成功，到达
【运用提升】
改错：
1．The students dislike when the teacher assigns too much homework.
________________________________________________________________________
2．You have to speak slowly in order to make yourself understand.
________________________________________________________________________
[答案与解析]
1．在dislike后面加上it。句意：学生们不喜欢老师布置太多作业。有些表示好恶的动词如like，hate，appreciate，dislike等带宾语从句时需要在动词后加it。
2．把understand改成understood。make oneself understood意为：使某人自己让别人理解 / 明白；make sb.do sth.意思是：让某人做某事。

对应学生用书p127
教材与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Classics are novels，plays and poems that were written a long time ago 1.____________ were so well written that people still read them nowadays.
Although their language characteristics are quite different from 2.____________ of modern works，they still have a place in the world.Many films 3.____________ (adapt) from them have been 4.____________ (success)，one of 5.____________ is Great Expectations.It 6.____________ (set) in England in the early 1800s.Pip，7.____________ main character of the story，goes through lots of 8.____________ (thing) before he learns that wealth does not buy happiness and that friends are 9.____________ (important) than a fancy education.If you want to learn more about the story，just read the book yourself 10.____________ (find) out.
[答案]
1．and　2.those　3.adapted　4.successful　5.which　6.is set
7．the　8.things　9.more important　10.to find