名词性从句 课件-2025届英语高考一轮复习语法部分

这是一份名词性从句 课件-2025届英语高考一轮复习语法部分，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了名词性从句，That，What，what，which，划分主从句，从句缺什么成分和意思，选择连接词，做题三部曲，Example等内容，欢迎下载使用。
What is the Nun Clauses
related cncept
Hw t slve prblems
⑴词的种类：名(n.) 代(prn.) 动(v.)形(adj.) 副(adv.)；介(prep.) 连(cnj.) 冠(art.) 数(num.) 感(interj.)⑵句子成分：①基本成分—主语 谓语 宾语 表语； ② 修饰成分—定语 状语 补语 同位语 （4×2种）⑶基本句型：①主+谓(Vi） ② 主+谓(Vt)+宾 ③主+谓(系)+表 ④主+谓+间宾+直宾 ⑤主+谓+宾+宾补⑷句子种类：①简单句(5种基本句型) ② 并列句: A句+连接词+B句 ③复合句：主句+引导词+从句⑸从句种类: ① 定语从句 ②状语从句 ③名词性从句(主/宾/表/同)
在主从复合句中充当 的句子。
在主从复合句中充当 的句子。
⑴从属连词：⑵连接代词：⑶连接副词：
that；if/whether(是否) wh; whm; whse; which; what(什么) whever/whmever(无论谁,任何人) whichever(无论哪个,任何一个)；whatever(无论什么) when(何时); where(何地); why(何);hw(如何) whenever(无论何时);wherever(无论何地)
只连接主从句, 无意义, 在从句中不充当任何成分
在 中充当 , 起 作用的从句。
主语/宾语/表语/同位语
作用：连接主从句, 在从句中充当句子成分
名词性从句的种类
1.When we will start is nt clear.2. She wn’t believe that her sn has becme a thief.3. My idea is that we shuld d it right nw.4. We heard the news that ur team had wn.
主语从句（Subject Clause）
宾语从句（Object Clause）
表语从句（Predicative Clause）
同位语从句（Appsitive Clause）
主语从句在句中做------ 宾语从句在句中做------表语从句在句中做------ 同位语从句在句中-----
1. That he will cme is certain.
2. We all agree with what yu said at the meeting.
3. The truth is that I have been there.
4. The fact that she was late surprised us.
名词性从句的引导词：
1.从属连词 ：that（无意义，不作成分）、if、whether（是否，不作成分）
2. 连接代词 ：wh、 whm(宾语） 、whse（定语）、 what、which 、 whever 、 whichever、 whatever、whmever （有意义，作主语或宾语）
3. 连接副词： when、 where、why、hw、 wherever、whenever
⑴位置：位于 句首 ； 但由that引导的主从可放在句尾, 原位置用it作形式主语代替。⑵引导词：3类⑶例句：①That he is still alive (adj.活着的）after the earthquake is a wnder (n.奇迹）.②What I need is time. 我需要时间。③Whether I will finish my hmewrk n time(准时）is a prblem.④Whichever yu want is yurs. 你想要哪个，哪个就是你的。⑤Hw he wn the first prize(赢得第一名)in that match(比赛) is unknwn.⑥ It is very imprtant that yu shuld try t remember these grammar rules（规则）.
主语：是句子的主体, 是句子所要说明的人/事/物, 位于句首。充当主语：n. prn. num. 非谓语动词、短语和从句。
⑷ 用it作形式主语的4种类型：① It+be+过去分词+that... It is said that...据说 It is reprted that...据报道② It+be+名词(短语)+that... It is a surprise that...令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that...事实是 It is a pity that...遗憾的是...③ It+be+形容词+that... It is imprtant that...重要的是 It is necessary that...有必要... It is likely that...有可能... It+be+不及物动词+that... It desn't matter that... 不重要/没关系 It happens that...碰巧发生...
⑸ it形式的强调句： It +is/was+被强调部分+that/wh+从句①注意：被强调部分: 主语/宾语/状语；引导词：被强调部分指人/物用that，指人用wh。②例句：原句: I finished my hmewrk last night . ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )被动语态： .强调句：强调主语： .强调宾语： .强调状语: .
It was me that/wh finished my hmewrk last night
It was my hmewrk that was finished by me last night
My hmewrk was finished by me last night
It was last night that I finished my hmewrk
宾语：是谓语动作的对象, 位于vt./ prep. /(表语)adj.后。充当宾语：n. prn. num. 非谓语动词、短语和从句。
⑴位置：位于 后； 但宾从太长时可放在句尾,原位置用it作形式主语代替。⑵引导词：3类⑶分类：①动词+宾从 eg. We knw that he is an excellent dctr. ②介词+宾从 eg. Success belngs t whever are hard-wrking(勤奋的). ③(表语)形容词+宾从 eg. They are afraid that I can't g t cllege this year.⑷用it作形式宾语代替宾语从句：eg. 原句：I think that we learn English well necessary(有必要的). （主) (谓） （宾从） （宾补） 用it作形式宾语： .
及物动词/介词/(表语)形容词
I think it necessary that we learn English well
⑸用it作形式宾语的6种类型：① 主语+动词(think认为/cnsider考虑/find发现/feel感觉/make使得/believe相信)+it+形容词/名词(宾补)+that-从句 eg. I think it a pity that yu didn't cme t the party.② 主语+动词(like/lve/enjy喜欢 ；dislike/hate厌恶)+it+when-从句 eg. I hate it when peple speak with their muths full..③ 主语+appreciate(感激)+it+if-从句 eg. I will appreciate it if yu reply t me at yur earliest cnvience. 主语+see t(确保)+it+that-从句 eg.Yu must see t it that the drs are lcked befre yu leave the classrm.⑤主语+depend n/rely n(依靠)+it+that-从句 eg. Yu may rely n it that he will cme t meet yu.⑥take it fr granted that（认为…理所当然） wn it t sb. that (归功于、归咎于）
宾语从句的三要素：引导词、语序(陈述）、时态（主从句时态可以不一致）
表语：表示主语的身份、状态、性质和特征，位于系动词后。充当表语：n. prn. adj. adv.非谓语动词、短语和从句。
⑴位置：位于 后。⑵引导词：3类⑶结构：主语+系动词+表语从句⑷例句：①China is develping fast. That is why cme many freigners cme t China t lk fr a jb.②The reasn why he didn‘t pass the exam was that he was t careless.③It seems as if ging t snw. 注意：as if/as thugh引导的表语从句常跟在be动词，seem, lk, taste, sund, feel, appear等系动词之后。It may be because he didn't sleep well last night.⑤The reasn he didn't cme is that he was ill.注意：because, why也可引导表语从句，但because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reasn或cause (该结构常用that引导)。
⑸ 几类常见的表语从句类型：① It lks/seems+ as if-从句 好像;仿佛 eg. ② This/That is+because-从句（原因） 这/那是因为… eg.It’s just because he desn’t knw her.③ That is +why-从句（结果） 这/那就是……的原因 eg. That’s why I want yu t wrk there. The reasn +that-从句 ……的原因是… eg.The reasn why he didn’t cme was that it was raining heavily.⑤The questin/prblem is+whether/when/where-从句 问题是是否/何时/在哪里 eg. ⑥My suggestin/dream/purpse is+that-从句 我的建议/梦想/目的是 eg.
在主从复合句中充当 的句子。
同位语：对前面的n.或prn.进行具体的解释说明; 由名词、代词和从句充当同位语。
⑴位置：位于 后，作该名词的同位语。⑵引导词：3类⑶特征：用一个完整的句子对某个抽象名词进行解释说明。⑷接同位语从句的抽象名词：⑸ 例句：①I have n idea that he is a rich man. 我不知道...②The news that he is a rich man is nt true. 有消息说...③This is a fact that he is a rich man. 事实是...④ I have a questin whether he is a rich man. 我有一个问题...⑤There is n dubt that he is a rich man. 毫无疑问...
idea 想法 news/wrd消息 fact事实 dubt疑问 truth事实 hpe希望 questin问题 advice/suggestin建议 demand/ request要求 prmise承诺 rder命令thught想法 evidence/prf证据 imfrmatin信息 pssibility可能性
5. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
⑴含义不同：同位语从句：解释说明抽象名词，属于名词性从句；定语从句：修饰限制或补充说明名词/代词进行，属于形容词性从句。eg. The news that many Amerian peple can't buy tilet paper is unbelievable(难以置信的). The news that he tld me yesterday was true.⑵被修饰词(先行词)不同：同位语从句：被修饰词只能是抽象名词，如：idea，fact，news，hpe等。定语从句：被修饰词是名词、代词、主语、整个主句。eg. The fact that sme students have n chance t g t cllege is a pity(憾事). The huse, which they bught last week, is very nice.
⑶引导词不同：定语从句：①限制性定语从句： 关系代词: wh/whm/whse/which/that；关系副词: when/where/why ②非限制性定语从句： 关系代词: wh/whm/whse/which/as； 关系副词: when/where同位语从句：①连接词：that, weather(是否) ②连接代词：wh/whm/whse/which/what ③连接副词: when/where/why/hw
5. 定语从句与同位语从句的区别：
注意：if不能引导同位语从句！
连接词—连接主从句；连接代词和连接副词—连接主从句且充当句子成分。
关系代词和关系副词—连接主从句,指代先行词, 充当句子成分。
⑷引导词的比较：①that:定语从句: 起连接作用, 充当句子成分, 指代先行词, 作宾语时可以省略, 可以用which代替； 同位语从句：只起连接作用, 不作任何成分, 不能省略, 不能用which代替； a）The news that yu tld me yesterday was really exciting. b）We heard the news that ur team had wn.② when/where/why：定语从句：先行词分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名词； 同位语从句：先行词一定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。 a）I will never frget the day when I jined the army. b）We had n idea when she left hme.
6. 如何区分同位语从句与定语从句：
⑴依据：抽象名词+引导词that+从句 引导词that在同位语从句中不充当成分，在定语从句中充当成分。⑵步骤： 引导词that后的从句（抽象名词+引导词that+从句) ①不缺成分 ②缺少成分 是完整句子 是不完整句子 引导词不作任何成分 引导词充当成分 是同位语从句 是定语从句⑶例句： ①It is a fact that she has dne her best. ②I wanted t knw the fact that he didn't tell me.
同位语从句前的名词是一个具有抽象意味的名词。从句就是其内容。that在从句中_______成分。而定语从句就是对前先行词进行修饰限定，关系词应代替先行词在从句中____句子成分。
1. The suggestin __________he raised at the meeting is very gd.2. The suggestin ______ the students (shuld) have plenty f exercise is very gd.
做题顺序：“二看”一看_____是否完整；二看_____确定答案。
小结：what引导的名词性从句①What he said was wrng.②I dn't knw what he said.③He isn't what he used t be.④I have n idea what he said.
注意：what引导名词性从句时，要充当句子成分。
找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律： 1. Can yu tell me hw many students are there in yur class? 2. I dn't knw where has he gne. 3. The wner f the shp came t see what was the matter . 　　
Can yu tell me hw many students there are in yur class?
I dn't knw where he has gne.
The wner f the shp came t see what the matter was .
注意：名词性从句中须使用陈述语序！
1. He said that he will g t the statin.
2. Our physics teacher nce tld us that light __________ （ travel ） faster than sund.
3. Tm says that Mary ____ (g) abrad last year and _________ (be) there fr nearly 5 mnths.
总 结 归 纳
a.主句的动词用过去时，从句谓语动词用过去的某种时态
b.主句的动词用过去时，从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语等 ，从句谓语动词用一般现在时
c.主句的动词用一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选用各种时态
考点三：连接词： that 与 what 的区别
What he said makes me happy.That a new teacher will cme is true .
that 只起连接作用，无意义， 不作成分what 既起连接作用，又有意义 ，在从句中作 主语, 宾语,或表语。
_______ he said it made us angry . _______ he said at the meeting made us angry.
China is n lnger ______ it used t be.
考点四：what (什么) / which ( 表选择, 哪一个)
What 无范围；Which有范围
--- D yu knw _______ Mr Black’s address is ? --- He may live at N. 18 r N. 19 f Bridge Street. I’m nt sure f _______.
考点五：主谓一致问题
When the meeting will begin _____ (have) nt been decided yet .
单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用_____形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用_____形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用_____形式。
When they will start and where they will g_____(be)still unknwn.
When and where the meeting will begin _____ (have) nt been decided yet .
考点六：n matter wh/what与 whever、whatever的区别
________等同类词既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而 ____________等同类词只能引导让步状语从句。
N matter what
_________ yu g and _________yu d, I’ll be right here waiting fr yu.
N matter where
n matter what
离开房间的任何人应该把灯关掉。_______________________________ught t turn ff the light.他所有的任何东西都被日本士兵站占领了。_________________was seized by the Japanese sldiers.
Whever leaves the rm last
Whatever he had
(提示: 状语删除后句子仍然通顺)
考点七：what,wh,与whatever,whever的区别
________________等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，____________等引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义。
whever, whatever
1.__________ was said here must be kept we need is mre has taken away my bag is breaks the law will be punished.
Anything that任何…的事
Anyne wh任何…的人
考点八：whether与if的区别
whether与if 当“是否”讲时,在下列情况下只用whether,不用if:1.引导主语从句并用在句首时。2.引导表语从句和同位语从句时。3.引导介词后的宾语从句时。4.后面直接跟“r nt”时。5.后接动词不定式时，即whether t d。6.discuss后面只能用whether
总结：1.动词后面的“是否”“whether , if 都可以，其他地方“是否” 一律用whether;2.whether r nt固定搭配，不可用if
考点九：dubt后面的that与whether/if
1. Yu can cmplain,but I dubt _________it will make any difference.2. There is n dubt_______we will have an exam next week.3. I dubt _________he is telling the truth. 4. We never dubt ______ the plan will be carried ut .5. Des he dubt _______ yu are frm Austria?6. I’m dubtful _________ he will agree t this.
if / whether
肯定句中用 if / whether
否定句中用 that
疑定句中用 that
考点十：从句中的虚拟语气
（1）表要求、建议、命令的宾语从句
一个坚持（insist）两个命令（rder, cmmand ）四个建议（suggest, recmmend, advise, prpse）五个要求（demand, require, request, desire,urge）在这些动词后的宾语从句中的谓语动词用（shuld）+d（动词原形）对应的一些名词也要用虚拟语气：suggestin、prpsal、requirement、decisin、idea
（2）“wish”后的宾语从句
wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。例如: 1)与现在事实相反 : wish + (that)+sb. did(were) I wish I were as healthy as yu.I wish that I had a plane.2)与过去事实相反 : wish + (that)+sb. had dneI wish I had been t the cncert last night.I wish yu had written t him.3)与将来事实相反 : wish + (that)+sb. wuld/culd/might+dI wish he wuld frgive me.
It is necessary (imprtant, natural, strange...) that...+(shuld) +动原It is (high/abut) time that shuld (不可省) dIt is (high/abut) time that dideg. It is time that yu _______(g) t schl.
（4）wuld rather后的宾语从句
考点十一：that 的省略问题
Prices will g up is certain.He tld me he had t leave and he wuld be back sn.Everybdy cnsiders it impssible he wants t finish the jb in such a shrt time. Cnclusin:（1）that引导的从句位于句首时；（2）动词后的宾语从句中，第二个that不能省；（3）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉；（4）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句；（5）主句中的谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时；
That prices
that引导宾语从句时可以省略，有些情况不可以省略
考点十二：宾语从句的否定转移
在 think， cnsider， believe， suppse， expect， fancy 等动词后的宾语从句，如变为否定形式，一般要把否定词前移到主句的谓语上，从句的谓语用肯定的形式中：误: I think he can't d it better than me正: I dn't think he can d it better than me
Hw t slve prblems
①____________ they lacked, thugh, was an perating system, which is where Micrsft came in.②The result was ____________ nearly zer emissins were created by the firing f the 56 cannn shells.
从句中成分完整，意义清楚
1. I have failed ver and ver again in my life, but I never give up. And that is ___________ I succeed.2. It desn't matter ___________ the persn is their master r nt. The dgs have an ability t sense sadness and are attached t trubled suls.3. ___________ feels interested and has a passin fr this tpic, please sign up fr the cntest as sn as pssible.
why whether Whever
4.___________ develping cuntries really need t d is t stp pverty by fighting the cause f it.5. Fr instance, try t find a time t talk when yur parents are nt angry, tired, distracted r hungry. A gd time t talk is ___________ yu're all relaxed.6. The kids didn't see ___________ he came frm, but they saw exactly what happened next.
What when where
The man std still, except _____ his lips mved slightly.She is nt satisfied with ____ she has achieved.3. Mary always thinks f ____ she can d mre fr the class.5. He wrte a letter f thanks t _________ helped him. 6. I’m afraid _____ I’ll be late. 7. We were surprised ______ he lst the game.8. She will give ________ needs help warm will give anyne _____ needs help warm supprt.
1.I can judge by _____ I knw f him.2.I can judge by the thing _____ I knw f him.3. Yu can write abut _________ tpic yu can write abut any tpic _____ yu makes the bk s extrardinary is the creative imaginatin f the didn’t make ____ clear when and where the meeting wuld be held. 7.This is _____ we want t knw.
1.I have n idea _______ the meeting will be held. 2.I dn't care ________r nt he cmes.3.I dn't knw ________ t g there.4.I dn't care ___________ he depends n ______ the weather is suitable fr us t d prblem is ________ the meeting will be the meeting will be held is still a are discussing __________ the plan is k.
1.I feel ____an hnur t be invited t speak it the huse _____Abraham Lincln was brn?3._____ is well knwn t us all that the earth is rund.4. She may live at N. 3 r N. 4 f Xianxing rad. I’m nt sure f is ______my father has taught me—t always face difficulties and hpe fr the best.6.I’m nt sure ______ is mre frightened, me r the female grilla(大猩猩)that suddenly appears ut f nwhere.
1. I wish I ______(knw) the answer nw.2.I wish he __________(pass)  the exam yesterday. 3.I wish I ________ (fly) t the mn in a few years.
对现在虚拟时，that从句中谓语用过去时
对过去虚拟时，用had＋过去分词
对将来虚拟时，用wuld (might等)＋动词原形
1.______ he wants is a he wants t g there is bvius.3.I have n dubt _____ he will cme.4.I have n idea _____ he did that is n lnger ______ it used t was said here must be kept secret.7.I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
1.The news that he tld us is news that they failed the game is yu knw the fact that they were talking abut?4.D yu knw the fact that he wn the first prize?5.The hpe that she expressed is that they wuld cme t visit China expressed the hpe that they wuld cme t visit China again.
7.The suggestin that he made is f great suggestin that he shuld nt g there is f great news that we knw frm her excited all f news that she passed the exam excited her parents.
我们可以在名词和从句之间加 be,使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。
The belief that the earth is flat is still held in sme cuntries.The belief is that the earth is flat.
1.I want t knw yu can cme back at 8:00 's up t yu t decide yu'll g there, by air r by me shw yu ur filing system reasn why he failed is he was t careless.5.I dn't believe the rumr(谣言) he killed his daughter.6.I dn't knw he will agree t the plan r are s many universities I have n idea university I shall apply fr.8. yu cme r nt wn't make any are saying that everything shuld be equal, and this is I agree with.
1.His suggestin that yu __________(try)nce mre sunds reasnable.2. The radi says it _______ (be)cludy tmrrw. 3.He said that they _________ (be)members f the Party since prved that the earth ______(be) insisted that she _____________(send) t hspital.
(shuld) try
(shuld) be sent
1. It depends n if we have enugh time.2. Are yu srry fr which yu have dne?3. I think that wrthwhile that we spent s much mney n these is bvius t the students whether they shuld get well prepared fr their desn’t matter that yu will cme r is hard t decide when and where we will held ur sprts meeting.7.I’ve gt t make clear that he tld a lie.
1.Frm space, the earth lks blue. This is hw abut seventy-ne percent f its surface is cvered by water.  
hw→ because 因“71%的地表为水所覆盖”是“地球看起来是蓝色”的原因，故用because引导表语从句。
2. When the news came hw the war brke ut, he decided t serve in the army.
hw→ that 因the war brke ut是the news的同位语从句，从句的结构和意义已完整了，故用that 引导。
6. It suddenly ccurred t him he had left his keys in the ffice. 在he前加that句中it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。7. As many as five curses are prvided, and yu are free t chse whatever suits yu best.whatever→ whichever 指在前面提到的五种课程中“任选一种”, 有选择范围，要用whichever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。whichever与whatever的区别，类似于which与what，有范围用which，无范围才用what。
8. It desn’t matter if yu pay by cash r credit card in this stre. if→ whether 因…(不管……还是……) 是固定搭配。9. Our teachers always tell us t believe in that what we d and wh we are if we want t succeed.去掉that 因句中已有连接代词what引导宾语从句并在从句中作d的宾语了。10. The reasn why I was late was because I missed the train.because改为that
11.The summer hliday is cming. My classmates and I are talking abut hw t d during the hliday. hw改为what12.He turned arund and fund where his parents were missing.where改为that
1. Yu can hardly imagine ______ when he heard the news. A. hw he was excited B. hw was he excited C. hw excited he was D. he was hw excited
2. She was s angry and spke s fast that nne f us understd _______ he said meant. A. that B. what C. that that D. what what【陷阱】可能误选B。许多同学一看选项首先就排除了C和D，认为这样两个''引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了B。【分析】正确答案选 D。第一个what 用作动词 meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词 said 的宾语，即在 nne f us understd what what he said meant 中，nne f us understd 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有 what he said 这样一个主语从句。
3．''Is ______ yu want t say?” asked the teacher. A. this B. that C. all that D. that all【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选A或B。【分析】最佳答案选 D。假若选A或B，那么转换成陈述句即为：This is yu want t say. / That is yu want t say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词 is与want相冲突。选D组成的句子是 Is that all yu want t say? 其中的that 为句子主语，all 为表语，yu want t say 为定语从句，用以修饰all。
4. What were yu trying t prve t the plice?” ''___ I was last night.” A. That B. When C. Where D. What【分析】选 C。答句为省略句，其完整形式为 I was trying t prve t the plice where I was last night，在此 where 引导的是一个宾语从句。5. Cuntry life gives him peace and quiet, which is ______ he can't enjy while living in big cities. A. that B. why C. where D. what【分析】选D。what 引导的是表语从句，what 在此相当于 the things that。
6. _______ she culdn't understand was ______ fewer and fewer students shwed interest in her lessns. A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that【分析】选 A。第一空填 what，是因为该主语从句中的动词 understand 缺宾语；why 和 because 均可引导表语从句，其区别是： why 引导表语从句强调结果，because 引导表语从句强调原因。句中空格后文表明的是结果，故用 why。7. _______ we are ding has never been dne befre. A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether 【分析】选B。what 在此引导主语从句且在从句作宾语，它相当于 the thing that。
8. _______ medicine wrks in a human bdy is a questin _______ nt everyne can understand fully. A. Hw; that B. That; which C. That; which D. What; that【分析】选 A。hw 引导主语从句，that 引导同位语从句。9. She is pleased with what yu have given him and _____ yu have tld him. A. that　 B. which　 C. all what　 D. all that 【分析】选 D
10. My parents used ____ they had t give me a better educatin. A.which B. that C. what D. all what【分析】选 C11. I am sure ______ he said is true. A.that　 B.abut that　 C.f that　 D.that what【分析】选 D