定语从句 课件-2025届英语高考一轮复习语法部分

这是一份定语从句 课件-2025届英语高考一轮复习语法部分，共9页。PPT课件主要包含了Content，看先行词在定从中成分，that，when，划分主从句，找准先行词，从句缺什么成分，选择关系词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
What is the Attribute Clause
related cncept
Hw t slve prblems
I like the students wh study hard.
定语从句，是指能够起定语作用的从句。
1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词，是一个名词2.关系词：引导定语从句的词，分为关系代词和关系副词3.分 类：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句
(1)限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限制、区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，这种从句不能省略，否则主句的意思就不完整、不明确。翻译时一般作前置定语来译，意为“……的”。Paper cuts f animls have been fund in tmbs which date back t the time f the Nrthern and Suthern Dynasty.　早在南北朝时期的墓中就已经发现了动物剪纸。
(2)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明或描绘作用，如果省略不会影响主句的意思，主句也能独立存在，它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。翻译时一般将主句和从句译成并列形式。I brrw the bk Sherlck Hlmes frm the library last week, which my classmates recmmended t me.上个星期我从图书馆借了《夏洛克·福尔摩斯》这本书，这是我的同学推荐给我的。
that 人或物 主语或宾语 which 物 主语或宾语wh 人 主语或宾语whm 人 宾语whse 人的或物的 定语（验证方法）as 正如 主语、宾语、表语
where 地点why 原因when 时间
主语、宾语 关系代词
状语 关系副词
1、引导词在从句中作宾语时可省略2、当定语从句有多个that时，第一个that可以省略3、难题的解法：先行词代入法
一、只用that不用which
(1)先行词为不定代词anything、nthing、smething、everything、 all、 sme、much、 nne、 little、 few、 n、the ne等时。I refuse t accept the blame fr smething that was smene else's fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
(2)先行词是序数词，或先行词前有序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.(3)先行词是形容词最高级，或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best way that I can slve the prblem.(4)先行词被the nly、the very(就是)、the last、the same、any、every、each、few、little、n、sme、all、ne f all、just等修饰时。The nly part f the meal that I really liked was the dessert.
(5)先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never frget the things and persns that they've seen r heard f during their lng jurney.(6)被修饰的词为数词时。He brught tw cats yesterday. Nw yu can see the tw that are playing in the garden.
(7)若主句中有疑问代词 wh 或者 which，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要用 wh, which而用that。Which was the htel that was recmmended t yu? (8)主句是There be结构修饰其主语的定语从句用that作关系代词。There's still a seat in the crner that is still free.
二、只用which不用that
(1)介词前置且指物时My glasses,withut which I was like a blind man,fell t the grund and brke.(2)非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时The machine ,which I have lked after fr many years , is still wrking perfectly.She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.(3)当主句中的主语被that修饰时。 That dg which I fund in the street belngs t Mary. 
三、难用的 whse（人的、物的）
1.验证方法2.The huse whse windw is brken is +名词 =the +n + f which/whm =f which/whm + the + n.The huse the windw f which is brken is big.The huse f which the windw is brken is big.
The girl whse hair is gden is frm England.
四、介词+关系代词=关系副词
介词的选用原则： （1）固定搭配（从句动词、先行词） （2）句意关系代词选用原则：（1)指物which （2）指人whmThere are ccasins ____________ ne must yield.Beijing is the place ____________ I was brn.Is this the reasn ____________ he refused ur ffer?This is the camera ____________ I spent 6 yuan. This is the camera ____________ I paid 6 yuan. I remember the day ____________ I came t my twer f ivry. I remember the days ____________ I visited Paris. Ps.并不是每个介词+关系代词都能找到对应的关系副词
when(n which)where(in which)why(fr which)
n which (spend mney n sth.固定搭配） fr which (pay mney fr sth. 固定搭配）
n which (强调具体某一天）duing which （强调在这期间）
关系代词前介词的选择(1)根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配Wh is the girl with whm yu just shk hands?(2)根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配。We'll never frget the day n which we climbed up the Great Wall.(3)根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配。He shws me sme ld cins with which I am nt very familiar.(4)根据句子所要表达的意思。We had supper at six 'clck, after which I went t see my uncle.(5)在非限制性定从中表“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”时用介词fHe wrte abut 20 nvels, f which this is the mst successful.
D yu still remember the day when (n which)we went t the beach?We can't find the huse where (in which) we used t live.The reasn why (fr which) he refused t g t the party was that they had nt invited him t.特别提醒含有固定搭配的动词短语，由于其关系紧密，不宜拆分，所以不能将介词置于关系代词之前。这类常见的动词短语有：lk after, take care f, listen t, lk at, lk int, run acrss, lk frward t, break int等。
五、as引导的定语从句
1.引导限定性定语从句：当先行词前有such、the same 、s、as时用作关系代词（作主、宾、状）．I saw the same dress in the stre as she wre the day befre.He is nt such a fl as he lks.2.引导非限定性定语从句：可放在句首意为：“正如……” 、“好像……”（作主、宾、表）．As is knwn t all, the mn travels arund the earth.He studies very hard, as we knw.常见插入语：as is expected/reprted /mentined abve 、 as we all see/knw，as is knwn t all、 as is ften the case(情况常常是这样）
【学以致用】The math prblem is s hard that nbdy can slve it.The math prblem is s hard as nbdy can slve.FZ is such a wnderful place that many peple want t pay a visit. FZ is such a wnderful place as many peple want t pay a visit t.
【特别提醒】有s,as,such,the same 时，缺宾语时用as, 不缺宾语时用that
六、Where的特殊用法
当先行词是case, cnditin, situatin, psitin, pint, stage, degree，meeting,platfrm,activity,jb,atmsphere,ccasin等词，表示抽象地点时用whereHe had t face the cnditin where pressure was heavy.
七、the way 的特殊考法
(1)当先行词是the way时，way在从句中作状语时，则从句引导词用in which/that/不填(2)如果the way作先行词，定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，则引导词用which/that/不填I dn’t like the way in which/that/不填 he speaks t me.He has given yu the way which/that/不填 is best t slve the prblem.The way which/that/不填 he explained t us was quite simple. The way in which/that/不填 he explained the sentence t us was nt difficult t understand.
八、ne f+复数名词主谓一致问题
One f+复数名词，作先行词时，从句谓语动词用复数当One f前面有the nly 、the very等修饰时，从句谓语动词用单数①He is the nly ne f the students wh has gt very gd marks in the match.(句中ne为先行词)②He is ne f the students wh have gt gd marks in the match.(句中students为先行词)
as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容，翻译成“这一点、这件事”但是只有as可以位于句首The earth is rund, which/as is knwn t all.As is knwn t all, the earth is rund.
十、先行词是time的情况
It/This/That is (was) the first time that has/had dne句型中time 表“次数”，关系代词 that 引导定语从句，that 可省略。
1. It’s the first time ____________ I have been t Beijing.2. There was a time ___________ I ften went t the park.
Hw t slve prblems
I saw sme trees, and the leaves f them were black with disease.I saw sme trees, the leaves f which were black with disease.The prfessr is a little man, n the nse f whm there is a pair f glasses.The prfessr is a little man, and n the nse f him there is a pair f glasses.
①I was brn in New Yrk, ____________ is the biggest city f America.②The number f times “upcycling” has been lked up n the Cambridge Dictinary website has risen by 181% since December f 2011, ____________ it was first added t the nline dictinary.
1.On the last day we have the Lantern Festival, _________ we g ut at night carrying paper help imprve students' reading and writing skills, we will rganize the English cmpsitin cntest，_________ theme is “Clrful Campus Life”．3.There are tw muscles _________ wrk tgether t widen and pen a dg’s eyes, causing them t appear bigger, and bjectively cuter.
when whse that/which
4.Anther said, “Have we cllectively lst ur minds？_________ any envirnmentalist will tell yu, this is cmpletely crazy.”5.That’s ne reasn _________ when babies are brn, they are nw usually placed n their mthers' the past few years, mre than half f the bkstres in China have clsed dwn，_________ is the result f the cmpetitin with nline bkstres.
As why which
7.This was returned because the persn t _________ this letter was addressed had died three years ffice wasn't far frm Chinatwn，_________ I fund sme very gd Chinese mre and mre peple wn private cars, parking has becme a big headache fr many car wners, especially fr thse _________ live in dwntwn areas withut enugh parking decided t g t Stanfrd because there were many pprtunities fr peple _________ wanted t wrk in Silicn Valley.
whm where wh wh/that
11.I recgnized the bss in whse cmpany my sister was wrking. 12.D yu knw the by yur mther is talking? 13. I still remember the day I first gt t Paris. 14. He gave me sme nvels I am nt very familiar.t whmn which with which
1.I’ll never frget the days_______ we wrked tgether. 2.I’ll never frget the days ___________ we spent tgether. 3.I went t the place _________ I wrked ten years ag. 4.I went t the place _____________ I visited ten years ag. 5.This is the reasn __________ he was late. 6.This is the reasn _______________ he gave.
如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词
关注定语从句中的谓语动词
Are these tw sentences right?
The man wh/whm yu spke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.
1．(2015·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River ____________ are pictured by artists in s many Chinese paintings.2．(2015·广东高考语法填空)When harvest came arund, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cttn in the market _________peple frm the twns met regularly.3．(2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Maybe yu are facing an impssible situatin. Maybe yu have a habit ____________ is driving yur family crazy.4．(2013·广东高考语法填空)Nick’s guests, ________ had heard their cnversatin, asked why they shuld nt buy salt mre cheaply if they culd.5．(2015·江苏高考改编)The number f smkers, _______is reprted, has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.6．(2015·四川高考改编)The bks n the desk, _________cvers are shiny, are prizes fr us.7．(2015·陕西高考改编)As the smallest child f his family, Alex is always lnging fr the time _______ he shuld be able t be independent.8．(2015·重庆高考改编)He wrte many children’s bks, nearly half f ________were published in the 1990s.
9.I’ve becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl ____________ I met in the English speech cntest last year.10.I have many friends t ____________ I’m ging t send pst schl shp, ____________ custmers are mainly students, is clsed fr the shwed the visitrs arund the museum ____________ had been cnstructed three years befre.13.I refuse t accept the blame fr smething ____________ was smene else’s first place ____________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk by was away frm hme fr a week, ____________ wrried his parents very live in an age ____________ mre infrmatin is available with greater ease than ever machines ____________ are used in ur wrkshp are made in is St.Paul’s Church, ____________ yu can hear sme lvely is St.Paul’s Church, ____________ yu can hear sme lvely have reached the pint ____________ they have t separate with each ther.
wh/whm/that
21.I am lking frward t the day ____________ my daughter can read this bk and knw my feelings fr yu knw the reasn ____________ he didn’t attend the meeting?23.Trading leather shes is the business ____________ the Greens are devted.
why/fr which
1.It’s really lucky I came t a restaurant that I am tea in the late afternn prvides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might nt be served until 8 ’clck at bk, f whse the cver is brken is f great help t all f are many peple think that wealth is better than health.5. Thse wh want t g t the museum must be at the schl gate at 7 tmrrw mrning.
that→wherethat→whichwhse→which在peple后加wh或think→thinking