2025年新高考英语词汇复习专项训练一人物与历史

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词汇清单
名词
aspect 方面,层面
celebrity 名人,名流
charge 掌管;控告;收费
cnsequence 结果;后果
credit 赞扬,认可;信用
data 资料,数据
depth 深,深度
device 方法;装置;仪器
draft 草稿;草案
errr 错误,谬误
experiment 实验;试验
expert 专家;行家
fault 责任,过错
finding 研究的结果;发现
freedm 自由
genius 天赋,天资;天才
handle 柄,把手
herb 药草,香草;草本
husehld 一家人;家庭
infectin 感染;传染
instance 例子,事例
institute 学院;研究院
leisure 闲暇,空闲
link 联系;纽带
liquid 液体,液态物
mechanic 机械师;机械修理工
metal 金属
micrscpe 显微镜
mineral 矿物,矿产
missile 导弹
bject 目标;物体
rgan (人或动植物的)器官
utput 产量;输出
patent 专利;专利证书
physician 医师;内科医生
plitics 政治
pverty 贫穷;贫困
prf 证据;证明;检验
rt 根;根源
shrtage 不足;缺少;短缺
statistic 统计数字;统计学
steam 蒸汽,水蒸气
substance 物质;物品;事实根据
sum 金额,款项;总和
talent 天赋,才能
trial 试用,试验;审讯
virus 病毒
wisdm 智慧;才智
动词
acknwledge 承认;感谢
analyze 分析
attain 获得;得到
bil 沸腾;煮沸;烧开
bst 使增长;使兴旺
chart 记录;制订计划
cmmit 承诺;保证
cmprise 包括,由……构成
cnclude 结束,终止;推断出
cnvince 使相信;说服
declare 表明;宣称;公布
decrease 减小;降低
depart 出发;离开
devte 致力,献身,倾注
digest 领会;领悟
encunter 偶然碰到;遇到
estimate 估计;估算
evaluate 评价;评估
expand 扩大;增加
flw 流;流动
fund 创办,创建
illustrate (举例)说明,阐明
indicate 表明,显示
infer 推断;暗示
insist 坚持;坚决要求
limit 限制;限定
btain 获得,得到
vercme 克服;解决;战胜
permit 允许,准许
publish 出版,发行
reveal 揭示;露出
save 救;攒钱;节省
seek 寻找,寻求
settle 定居;解决
stimulate 激发;促进;刺激
tackle 解决;应付;处理
形容词
academic 学业的;学术的
btanical 植物(学)的
brilliant 聪颖的;绝妙的;明亮的
cncrete 具体的;有形的
crucial 至关重要的
distinct 清楚的;有区别的
dmestic 本国的;国内的
extrardinary 不一般的;非凡的
gifted 有天赋的;有才能的
gradual 逐渐的;渐进的
influential 有影响的
initial 开始的,最初的
intense 强烈的;紧张的,激烈的
rganic 有机的;绿色的
utstanding 优秀的;杰出的
remarkable 非凡的;显著的
scientific 关于科学的
severe 十分严重的
substantial 大量的;牢固的
vital 必不可少的;极其重要的
vivid 生动的;鲜明的
widespread 分布广的;普遍的
副词
apparently 显而易见;看来;显然
entirely 全部地;完整地
即练即清
一、单句填空
1. Organic farmers als plant diverse crps that use different (deep) f sil t help keep it rich.(人教XB1U5)
2. Jessica Ennis-Hill's stry is a (remark) example f hw hard wrk and devtin can lead t sprting excellence.(译林XB2U2改)
3. Mre than ne generatin f schlchildren has been amazed by Benjamin Franklin's bravery and his (science) apprach t lking fr the truth.(外研B3U3)
4. Rwan had a very successful (academy) career. At the age f 13, he was awarded a schlarship t a barding schl.(北师大XB2U4)
5. Tu Yuyu cncluded that biling the sweet wrmwd (apparent) destryed its medical prperties.(人教XB1U1改)
6. Qian Xuesen received a her's welcme frm his hmeland and was put charge f nt nly develping China's rcket science but als its space and missile prgramme.(人教XB2U1改)
7. Stephen Hawking was ne f the mst famus and (gift) scientists in physics.(人教XB2U1)
8. Pulitzer quickly became a successful jurnalist and by the age f 25, he had becme a (publish).(译林XB2U1)
9. Inspiring thers t believe in themselves, Stephen Curry is living (prve) that what ther peple think f yu des nt have t influence what yu becme.(外研XB1U3)
10. What made Cunningham great was his (devte) t phtgraphy, and the hurs and hurs f sheer hard wrk he put int his wrk.(外研XB3U2改)
11. What cncerned Yuan Lngping mst was that farmers ften had pr harvests and smetimes even had a serius (shrt) f fd t eat.(人教XB1U5改)
12. Charlie Chaplin tk the situatin f the underdg—hunger, (pr), laziness—and made it int cmedy gld.(北师大XB2U4改)
13. Perhaps the next generatin f scientists, drawing n the (wise) f traditinal Chinese medicine, will indeed discver mre medicines beneficial t glbal health care.(译林B3U4)
14. Hwever, it was hard t prduce enugh qingha extract(提取物) fr large trials because research resurces were (limit).(译林B3U4)
15. Clumbus insisted searching fr a direct sea rute t the East Indies by sailing acrss the Atlantic Ocean.(译林XB3U3)
16. Xu Xiake's travel experiences were (vivid) recrded in The Travels f Xu Xiake, which was recgnised as an extensive cllectin f field study reprts in Chinese gegraphy, gelgy and btany.(沪外B1U3改)
17. In 1917, Zhang Daqian went t study in Japan. In 1919, he returned t his hmeland and (settle) in Shanghai t study with sme f the mst famus artists. (冀教XB4U3改)
18. Since Lin Qiazhi had n children f her wn, she left her (save) t a kindergarten and a fund fr new dctrs.(人教B3U2改)
19. On 3 August 1492, Clumbus (depart) frm Spain with three ships carrying abut 90 crewmen. (译林XB3U3)
20. Pabl Picass was ne f the mst (influence) Eurpean artists f the first half f the 20th century.(北师大B3U7)
21. Brn during the Ming Dynasty, Tang Yin (seek) and failed t gain entry int the civil service, s he turned t painting instead.(人教XB3U1)
22. Tu Yuyu was s (cnvince) that the extract wuld wrk that she vlunteered t test it n herself.
二、语境运用
阅读下面材料,根据提示补全短文。
Stephen W. Hawking was brn n January 8, 1942 in Oxfrd, England. As a child, he was curius abut the wrld arund him. Hwever, mst peple did nt cnsider him a talent.
1. (inspire) by his mathematics teacher in high schl, Hawking began t find his lve fr mathematics. Hawking admired Bertrand Russell, a man knwn nt nly fr his wrk in mathematics, but als fr his writings n 2. (free) f thught. Later, like Russell, Hawking didn't limit his satisfactin nly 3. understanding certain parts f the universe. He als wanted t knw 4. the universe as a whle came t, and cntinues t, exist.
In 1963, Hawking's life changed when he learned that he had been attacked by Lu Gehrig's disease. 5. (struggle) t vercme his illness, Hawking mved n t study csmlgy. In 1982, Hawking decided t write a ppular bk n csmlgy. 6. (unfrtunate), when he started the bk, he suffered anther illness and had truble breathing. With the help f his friends, he vercame varius difficulties and eventually finished A Brief Histry f Time, which 7. (publish) in 1988 and sn became ne f the tp-selling 8. (bk).
Hawking earned many hnurary degrees, and 9. (receive) numerus awards, medals and prizes. His success is nt nly the result f strength f mind, 10. the result f great strength f spirit.(冀教B3U3改)
写作提升练
应用文写作
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括:
1. 人物简介;
2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。
注意:1. 词数100左右;
2. 短文题目和首句已为你写好。
The persn I respect
There are many respectable peple arund us.


历 史
教材链接:人教B2U1,外研XB2U3、XB2U4、XB3U3,译林XB3U3、XB3U4
词汇清单
名词
architecture 建筑风格
attempt 试图;尝试
canal 运河;灌溉渠
cave 山洞;洞穴
civilisatin 文明;文明世界
cmpnent 组成部分
cntrast 对比;对照
cntributin 贡献
cttage 小屋;村舍
equatr 赤道
furniture 家具
issue 重要议题;争论的问题
lss 丧失;损失
mirrr 镜子
music 音乐
navy 海军;海军部队
phase 阶段,时期
prisn 监狱;监禁
prpsal 提议;建议
refrm 改革;改进
status 地位;身份
string 细绳;弦;一串
tank 坦克;箱
temple 庙宇,寺院
vilence 暴力;暴行
weapn 武器,兵器
动词
adpt 采用;领养
astnish 使吃惊,使惊讶
bmb 轰炸
cmpare 比较
delete 删去;删除
disappear 消失;灭绝
dismiss 不予考虑;开除;解散
emerge 出现;暴露
establish 建立;创立
identify 确认,发现
lad 装入,装载
preserve 维护,保护;保存
prcess 处理;加工
prtest 反对;抗议
qute 引用
sink (使)下沉;(使)沉没
submit 提交;呈递;屈服
vte 投票,表决
形容词
available 可获得的
civil 公民的
cntrary 相反的
current 现在的
digital 数字的
frmer 以前的
humble 谦逊的
mild 温和的;不浓烈的
riginal 原来的
previus 先前的
primitive 原始的
rare 稀有的
ryal 王室的
secndary 次要的
slid 可靠的;固体的
subjective 主观的
subsequent 随后的;后来的
即练即清
一、单句填空
1. These Qing-dynasty (architecture) marvels, alng with many thers, were all built by members f the same family—the Lei family.(外研XB3U2)
2. The three cuntries jintly pursued an applicatin fr UNESCO Wrld Heritage status. They (submit) the prpsal which cntained detailed research n the 33 sites alng the crridr.(译林XB3U4)
3. Nw lk arund the walls f the cave. Cme a little bit clser s that yu can get a better view. Lk at them! The murals cver an (astnish) area f 45,000 square metres.(外研XB4U3)
4. As a unique (cntribute) f traditinal Chinese medicine, acupuncture spread t many ther Asian cuntries, such as Japan, as early as the 6th century.(译林XB2U3)
5. Thrugh (cmpare), he fund that the lcatins f the 117 knwn Maya cities crrespnd t the psitins f the stars.(外研XB4U5)
6. Cntrary ppular histry bks, mst academic bks tend t adpt a mre analytical and serius apprach t studying histry.(译林XB3U3)
7. A cmmittee was established t limit damage t the Egyptian buildings and prevent the
(lse) f cultural relics.(人教B2U1)
8. Smetimes, amazing ancient clay sculptures and buildings are accidentally destryed by missile attacks during perids f (vilent).(译林XB3U4)
9. Up t nw, mre than 360 acupuncture pints (identify), each linked t a different part f the bdy.(译林XB2U3)
10. It is difficult t frecast what threats ur heritage sites will face in the future, but we have the belief that we will need this kind f cperatin in heritage (preserve).(译林XB3U4)
11. Mst f their (music) instruments are really just sticks fund n the grund, amng which there is an amazing instrument called the didgerid.(人教XB4U2)
12. Experts investigated the issue, cnducted several tests, and then made a (prpse) fr hw the buildings culd be saved.(人教B2U1)
13. The Great Wall is a symbl f Chinese (civilise). It has been put dwn n the Wrld Heritage List. It is a wnder f the wrld and the pride f China.(重大XB1U5)
14. Zheng He's ships were laded china, silk, tea and ther treasures as gifts fr freign rulers, and the fleet(舰队) paid friendly visits t mre than 30 cuntries and regins.(译林XB3U3改)
15. Water frm the dam wuld likely damage a number f (temple) and destry cultural relics that were an imprtant part f Egypt's cultural heritage.(人教B2U1)
16. If the ancient Silk Rad is wnderful, then the 492 (cave) n the muntain cliff are really exciting.(重大XB4U6)
17. Because bks became mre widely available the public, general literacy in China was a lt better than anywhere else in the wrld.(北师大XB4U12)
18. The ancient scrll has survived the test f time remarkably well, and is (current) hused in the Palace Museum in Beijing.(译林XB1U3)
19. When the Endurance(坚忍号) finally (sink) n 21 Nvember 1915, Shackletn and his men tried t survive by flating n the ice. (沪外XB1U3)
20. Nrthwest China's Ningxia Hui Autnmus Regin has adpted digital technlgy t preserve ancient cliff carvings and paintings befre their (disappear).
21. The huse was passed n frm ne generatin f the family t the next and almst all the (rigin) decratin remains unchanged.
22. cntrast t the curt life and upper-class culture represented by the Frbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple f Heaven, the hutngs reflect the culture f grassrts Beijingers.
23. Faced with the heavy and imprtant task f prtecting cultural relics while prmting urban cnstructin, Xi'an made active (attempt).
24. Histrically, the Dngba script was used by the Dngba priests, and the creatin and develpment f the script is clsely cnnected with the (emerge) f the Dngba religin.
25. Hwever, the Chinese gvernment has been trying t revive it an attempt t preserve the Naxi culture.
二、语境运用
阅读下面材料,根据提示补全短文。
(A)
Shuld histrical buildings in the city be recnstructed r remved? This is an issue. Sme hld the idea that ld buildings in the city shuld be rebuilt r 1. (tear) dwn, because they are utdated.
cntrast, thers supprt the idea that histrical buildings shuld nt be significantly changed. Instead f being utdated, ld buildings are attracting peple frm different cultural 3. (backgrund). Cultural turism is ften a driving frce f an ecnmy. Als, histrical buildings are imprtant because they reflect culture,
4. (strength) natinal identity and remind peple f their heritage.
In cnclusin, if a building hlds cmprehensive cultural and histrical value t a sciety, it is ur respnsibility 5. (preserve) it.(沪外XB4U3改)
(B)
Hutngs are a feature f ancient Chinese 6. (建筑风格). Beijing's hutngs are 7. (particular) famus. The Emperr's hme, the Frbidden City, was in the centre f Beijing and the hmes f the nbles and wealthy citizens were in the hutngs clsest t the ryal palace. Ordinary citizens lived in the hutngs further away frm the palace.
Twards the end f 8. Qing Dynasty, the cnditins in Beijing's hutngs went dwn. The turning pint came when the Peple's Republic f China was set up. Cnditins were imprved a great deal and the gvernment undertk the 9. (preserve) f many f the ldest hutngs.
Hutngs are still an imprtant part f Beijing's life.They nt nly link Beijing's streets and cmmunities, but its past and present, 10. (shw) that Beijing is truly an ancient yet mdern city.(北师大XB4U10改)
写作提升练
应用文写作
假如你是李华,你校即将举办一场主题为Why We Shuld Prtect Cultural Heritage的英语演讲比赛,请你写一篇英语演讲稿准备参加比赛, 内容包括:
1. 当前文化遗产的现状;
2. 保护文化遗产的意义;
3. 呼吁大家一起保护文化遗产。
注意:1. 词数80词左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。(2023浙江金华曙光学校期中)