高考复习专题06 词义猜测题（阅读理解题型通关）-2024年高考二轮复习满分策略精讲通关练

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一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
专题06 词义猜测题通关练
词义猜测题解题策略
名校优选专项通关练

【解题策略】

词义猜测题常常涉及高考词汇表要求之外的词。所画线的单词或短语，考核的并不是语法的熟练程度，也不是记忆力，而是对文章一个段落或一句话的整体把握和变通能力。此时，需要在一个段落，几句话甚至整篇文章中“左顾右盼”，看前后都发生了些什么；反复琢磨人物、事物或人物与事物之间的内在联系，才能最终解开迷雾，拨云见日。
解题策略
构词法猜词义：根据构词法可以猜出文中由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成的新词。
逻辑法猜测词义：在阅读材料中，可以根据下定义、举例子、解释等猜测词义。即画线部分词后常带有stand fr, mean, that is, namely, refer t, in ther wrds等词或破折号引出说明性的内容，有时候也会用定语从句或同位语等进行解释说明。还有的会用例子来说明画线部分的词义，应当关注下列词如，such as, fr example, fr instance, like， be called, be knwn as等词汇或破折号。
【典例】 She pinted ut that famus faces had played a significant rle in raising funds in recent years, and their energies had prduced tangible results, such as enabling millins f children in prer cuntries t attend schl.
What des the underlined wrd “tangible” in paragraph I prbably mean?
Definite.B．Cmplicated.C．Limited.D．Temprary.
【解析】划线词所在句中的“such as enabling millins f children in prer cuntries t attend schl”部分表明，名人们在慈善方面的努力取得了实在的成果，所以可以推测tangible意为“切实的，实在的”。故答案选A。
标点符号猜测词义：有时作者会利用标点符号为生词提供解释，如，破折号、引号等。
【典例】 He needs t wrk 8 hurs everyday. He will be n the night shift--frm midnight t 8 a.m. next day.
What’s the meaning f the underlined wrds?
开夜车 B. 夜班 C. 熬夜 D.晚上休息
同义或反义关系猜测词义：有时在画线词前后会出现与之同义或反义的词语，可根据其熟悉的词语推知画线部分的意思。
上下文联系猜测词义：任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是完全孤立的，都与句子所在的段落及整篇文章有联系。可以根据上下文提供的线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析。
【典例】 Human music has been sent t the heavens in 1977. Distant beings can in thery already enjy Peruvian panpipes, a Navaj chant, Bach, Beethven and mre. But n previus ffering, and perhaps n cmpsitin undertaken anywhere, has tried t encmpass the entire diversity f human sng.
What des the underlined wrd “encmpass" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Include.B．Appreciate.
C．Wrk ut.D．Relate t.
【名校优选专项通关练】
（2023·河北·河北衡水中学模拟）Glver and her clleagues tested their hypthesis in the lab. In their experiment, they fund that bees felt cnfused smetimes when the petals were very iridescent and that bees had n prblem finding the flwers with mre nectar when the petals were nt very iridescent. The team shared its new findings in the March 21 Current Bilgy.
What des the underlined wrd “hypthesis” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Discussin.B．Methd.
C．Assumptin.D．Inventin
2.（2024·江苏扬州·高三扬州学校）Humans must be chsy abut what they pay attentin t. Pitch patterns are quite imprtant in tnal languages, which might explain the balancing act in music. “Yu’ve gt a finite resurce f attentin, and yu’ve gt t divide up that smehw,” says study cauthr Curtney Hiltn, a scientist at the University f Auckland in New Zealand.
What des the underlined wrd “finite” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Valued.B．Limited.C．Special.D．Ptential.
3.（2023·江苏·高三江苏省苏州一中校阶段练习）Their 14-year-ld sn, Mike, is a prdigy. He is a member f Mensa, which is the wrld’s tp IQ club. He cmpleted his high schl, assciate’s and bachelr’s degrees all in three years. That’s nt all. He als ran tw tech cmpanies, funded a third ne that wrks twards cntrlling the ppulatin f linfish, an invasive (入侵的) species.
What d the underlined wrds “a prdigy” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．A gifted persn.B．A famus student.
C．A brilliant bilgist.D．A successful businessman.
4.（2024·浙江杭州·学军中学校考预测）Parents arund the wrld may have a difficult time every night, nce a chapter is finished and their children must g t sleep. The Christmas Pig will keep readers turning pages with a great and imaginative stry, filled with cliffhangers at the end f mst chapters that will leave kids asking fr mre. If sme reviewers said that The Ickabg lacked Harry Ptter’s magic, they can rest assured that The Christmas Pig has all the magic that J.K. Rwling can prvide, and that’s mre than enugh.
What des the underlined wrd “cliffhangers” prbably mean in Paragraph 5?
A．Imaginatin.B．Suspense.C．Magic.D．Challenge.
5.（2024·浙江嘉兴·海宁市高级中学校考模拟）Since that first sl hiking, adventuring alne has becme like medicine fr me. It has als pushed me t g beynd my cmfrt zne and t meet new peple. Thrugh meetups and scial media, my adventure-friend circle has ballned. But at least nce per mnth, I schedule time t hit nature with my favrite friend: me.
What des the underlined wrd “ballned” in the last paragraph mean?
A．restartedB．transfrmedC．disappearedD．expanded
6.（2023·福建·高三福建省泉州第一中学校考）Hwever, the prest perfrmers shwed n recgnitin, despite clear and repeated feedback that they were ding badly. Instead f being cnfused r thughtful abut their incrrect ways, incmpetent peple insist that their ways are crrect. As Charles Darwin wrte in The Descent f Man（1871）: "Ignrance mre frequently begets cnfidence than des knwledge. "
The underlined wrd "begets" can be replaced by “________”.
A．gives rise tB．takes advantage fC．makes up frD．breaks away frm
7.（2023·福建·高三厦门双十中学阶段练习）I enjyed ding handiwrk and my parents wuld cme hme and see artwrks I had finished that day—painting, clay sculpting, sewing stuffed animals, etc. But when I studied engineering in cllege, these pursuits were deep-sixed. Nt nly was I stretched fr time, but I didn’t think they were relevant t my academic wrk. I hesitated t highlight my female crafting interests in the male-dminated engineering envirnment where I already felt like an utsider.
What des the underlined wrd “deep-sixed” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Put aside.B．Backed up.C．Fllwed thrugh.D．Dug ut.
8.（2023·广东·高三揭阳华侨高中阶段练习）A 2021 study published in Bilgy Letters, fr example, lked back t 19th-century histrical lgbks frm whalers. Researchers fund that sperm whales were at first easy t catch-but almst immediately, the whales learned hw t evade hunters and whaling success drpped by 60 percent. The study suggests that the whales passed infrmatin t ne anther thrugh sundwaves t avid being caught.
What des the underlined wrd “evade” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Track.B．Avid.C．Lcate.D．Trick.
9.（2023·广东·高三华南师大附中校考）Others were sceptical abut the ability f language mdels t prgram rbts fr cmplex tasks. Kathleen Richardsn at De Mntfrt University Leicester, UK, says that AI language mdels are cnvincing mimics (模仿者), but that their real ability-including their adaptability t cntrl rbts-is ften exaggerated. “I think Micrsft, and mst peple wh design rbts, have t much cnfidence in what they can d, ” she says.
What des the underlined wrd “exaggerated” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Neglected.B．Simplified.C．Overestimated.D．Praised.
10.（2023·重庆·高三重庆市第十一中学校校考）Nw, Mr Henning is setting up an peratin at Augsburg Airprt in Germany t further the develpment f Prsperity I, the cmpany’s air taxi. Prsperity I can seat three passengers and a pilt. It is a hybrid between a helicpter and a fixed-wing plane. It takes ff and lands vertically, using multiple rtrs (旋翼), but these are switched ff when it is in full flight. At that pint a “pusher” prpeller (螺旋桨) at the back takes ver, t prvide frward drive, and thus lift via the wings. This arrangement makes better use f the aircraft’s battery, giving Prsperity I a range f sme 250 km.
Which f the fllwing can replace the underline wrd “hybrid” in Paragraph 2?
A．Symbl.B．Mixture.C．Cncept.D．Applicatin.
11.（2024·重庆·高三重庆南开中学校考阶段练习）In July 1915, severely trtured by his pr health, James Murray, ne f the early editrs f the Oxfrd English Dictinary (OED), defined ne final wrd. After his 36 years’ dedicatin t the dictinary, his hard labur had taken a tll, knwing he wuld nt see the prject cmplete.
What des the underlined expressin “taken a tll” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Paid ff.
B．Prved in vain.
C．Wrn ut the passin.
D．Had a harmful effect.
12.（2023·重庆·西南大学附中校联考） I explained the reasn why I came—Chika’s medical cnditin—the brain tumr (肿瘤). I explained that her life culd be in the balance. I said I had a hard questin. If Chika shuld nt survive,is it imprtant t him that she be buried here in Haiti?
What des the underlined phrase “in the balance” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Evaluated.B．Undetermined.C．Lengthened.D．Unexplained.
13.（2024·江西上饶·高三第一中学校考）Reindeer change their eyes by adjusting their tapetum lucidum, which is made f cllagen fibers. In winter, the cllagen fibers becme packed tighter, causing the tapetum lucidum t mainly reflect blue light. This change happens when reindeer dilate their pupils (瞳孔). In summer, the reindeer’s pupils return t a smaller size, which helps reindeer reduce the amunt f light entering the eye.
What des the underlined wrd “dilate” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Relax.B．Expand.C．Narrw.D．Hide.
14.（2024·四川成都·高三树德中学期末）Twain’s racial tne was nt perfect. One is left uneasy, fr example, by the lengthy passage in his autbigraphy abut hw much he lved what were called “nigger shws” in his yuth — mstly with white men perfrming in black-face — and his delight in getting his mther t laugh at them. Yet there is n reasn t think Twain saw the shws as representing reality. His frequent attacks n slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did nt.
What des the underlined wrd “they” in Paragraph 7 refer t?
A．The attacks. B．The shws.
C．White men. D．Slavery and prejudice.
15.（2024·四川成都·高三石室中学校考期末）The needs f plus-size cnsumers have lng been the elephant in the rm f the fashin industry until bdy psitivity and fat acceptance mvements prmted the slgan that large-bdied peple are nt thse wh are left behind. This size-inclusive trend has becme s ppular that it is influencing mainstream culture.
What d the underlined wrds “the elephant in the rm” mean in the first paragraph?
A．The ht issue that is valued.B．The bvius truth that is ignred.
C．The imprtant principle that is recgnized.D．The cmmn phenmenn that is criticized.