高考复习专题03 说明文（阅读理解）-2024年高考二轮复习满分策略精讲通关练

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一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
专题03 说明文通关练
说明文解题策略
名校优选专项通关练

【解题策略】
说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。该文体通过对实体事物科学的解说，对客观事物做出说明或对抽象事物进行阐述，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等有科学的认识，从而获得有关知识，增长知识和技能。说明文是高考英语阅读理解题中的重点内容之一。
文体特点与阅读策略
从内容特点看，说明文从内容上主要围绕下列主题而展开，科普知识类、动植物特性类、自然现象类、新产品、新工艺介绍类、风土人情类。文中解释性、定义性、说明性句子较多，长难句较多。实验、研究型文章一般会以实验的过程、进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。介绍说明型文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。
从语言特点看：说明文中专业术语较多，抽象程度高，解题难度大，容易拉开考生分数档次。阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。说明文由于句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大。
从结构特点看：客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。说明文通常采用以下结构形式：
总分式: 总——分式和分——总式结构，以及完整的“总——分——总”结构。
递进式: 事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。
并列式：文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。
对照式：通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。
从命题形式看：常见的有细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、观点态度题等题型。
阅读策略
明确说明对象：阅读事物说明文，首先从整体入手，把握文章的说明对象是什么;阅读事理说明文，首先弄清文章说明了什么事理。可以通过把握段落主题句来明确说明对象。
把握文章结构：说明文主题鲜明、脉络清晰，行文结构模式较为固定。弄清文本结构有助于把握文章主旨和阅读重点。作者在谋篇布局上常使用以下说明方法:描述法(包括举例子、下定义、列数据等)、因果法、问题与对策法。
阅读做标记：在阅读的时候可给段落标上序号，给重要的句子和关键词汇做上记号，尤其是各段中心句。逐段概括要点，理清说明顺序。重视首尾句的作用，重视概念句或解说性语句的作用。
审清题干：把握试题中有效的信息，确认命题的角度、阅读范围和答题方式。
定位阅读：大部分的说明文答案基本上都能直接和间接从选段中找到依据。回答问题时要注意原文利用和自我加工相结合。
关注句间衔接：句子间的逻辑关系和衔接手段不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等。
表示列举的词:fr example, fr instance;表罗列的词:first，secnd, third， t begin with，t cnclude;
表转折的词: hwever, but, whereas;
表示原因的词: because, since，as;
表示结果的词:s，therefre, thus, cnsequently, as a result;
表示对照的词:n the cntrary, by cntrast, in cmparisn;
表示目的的词: s that， in rder that等。
标志词就像指路牌一样，指明作者思路发展的方向和思路之间的逻辑联系。标志词前后的信息往往都是命题和答题的主要线索或依据，因此，识别标志词对考生更快、更好地理解文章具有举足轻重的作用。
【名校优选专项通关练】
1.（2024上·河北沧州·高三泊头一中联考）
Think f yur mst prized pssessin. Nw, imagine yu decide yu must sell this item. Hw much is it wrth t yu? Hw much wuld yu charge fr it? And wuld anyne else want t buy it at that price?
Let’s cnsider the real-wrld example f a yard sale. Befre yur neighbrs cme t lk at yur things, yu must first decide n the prices fr them. Fr yu, each item has a stry, and sme items may even evke strng emtins.
Let’s say yu’re selling a pair f special editin sprts shes that yu tk care f and really enjyed wearing n special ccasins. With these sweet memries in mind, yu put a price tag f $130 n the shes. Hwever, a custmer ffers $50 fr them. Yu think, “Hw culd they nt see hw special and valuable these are?”
In financial transactins like this, sellers ften believe their wn items are wrth mre than what buyers are willing t pay. This ccurs because buyers d nt have the seller’s experiences with and emtinal attachment t the items. Buyers want a gd deal, and they’re nt willing t pay what the seller is asking fr.
This negtiatin prcess can even feel a little painful fr the seller—ver lsing smething and the buyer nt valuing it as much. Ecnmists suggest this dynamic ccurs thrugh the endwment effect (禀赋效应)—peple’s tendency t value things they wn mre highly than they wuld if they did nt wn them. The endwment effect can take hld anytime we feel a sense f wnership ver a prduct, and it can happen quickly.
As the saying ges, “Emtins gel the best f us.” There is nthing wrng with being prud f wning things and treasuring yur experiences with them. But when yu cnsider selling a prized pssessin, think abut whether yu’re fully ready t part with il. The past is the past, thugh. Remving yur emtinal attachment t material pssessins can help yu make mre accurate assessments f hw much yur items are truly wrth.
1．What des the underlined wrd “evke” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Advcate.B．Cause.C．Identify.D．Cntrl.
2．What makes yu put a price tag f $130 n yur shes accrding t paragraph3?
A．Yur fndness fr the shes.B．Yur ignrance f the market.
C．The high quality f the shes.D．The special functin f the shes.
3．Which can best illustrate the result f endwment effect?
A．One likes cllecting ld things.
B．One tends t buy expensive gds.
C．One ffers a lwer price when shpping.
D．One charges a higher-than-usual price fr smething.
4．What’s the purpse f the last paragraph?
A．T make a suggestin.B．T intrduce a thery.
C．T analyze a phenmenn.D．T prvide sme evidence.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“禀赋效应”的现象，并建议消除对物质财富的情感依恋，更准确地评估物品的价值。
1．词句猜测题。根据上文“Fr yu, each item has a stry(对你来说，每件物品都有一个故事)”和下文的emtins可知，此处是指一些物品可能会“唤起”一些情感，所以推知划线词是“引起、唤起”的意思。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Let’s say yu’re selling a pair f special editin sprts shes that yu tk care f and really enjyed wearing n special ccasins. With these sweet memries in mind, yu put a price tag f $130 n the shes.(假设你正在销售一双特别版的运动鞋，你很喜欢在特殊场合穿它。带着这些甜蜜的回忆，你给这双鞋标上了130美元的价格。)”可知，你对这双鞋的喜爱让你给这双鞋贴上了130美元的价格标签。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Ecnmists suggest this dynamic ccurs thrugh the endwment effect (禀赋效应)—peple’s tendency t value things they wn mre highly than they wuld if they did nt wn them.(经济学家认为，这种动态是通过禀赋效应发生的——人们倾向于认为自己拥有的东西比自己没有拥有的东西更有价值。)”可知，一个人对某物收取比平常更高的价格，最能说明禀赋效应的结果。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The past is the past, thugh. Remving yur emtinal attachment t material pssessins can help yu make mre accurate assessments f hw much yur items are truly wrth.(不过，过去的就让它过去吧。消除对物质财富的情感依恋可以帮助你更准确地评估你的物品到底值多少钱。)”可知，最后一段的目的是提出建议。故选A项。
2.（2023·黑龙江·高三哈尔滨市第一中学校校考）
Organic fd is very ppular. It is als expensive. Sme rganic fd csts twice as much as nn-rganic fd, but new parents and pet wners are willing t pay up t 200% mre fr rganic fd. Hwever, there are peple wh think it is a waste f mney.
There is ne main difference between rganic and nn-rganic fd. Organic farms d nt use agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides. In many cuntries rganic fds have special labels. These guarantee that the prducts are natural.
Sme peple think rganic means lcally grwn. Originally this was true. Over time rganic farming became mre difficult. The demand fr rganic fd grew larger than the supply. Small cmpanies had t sell ut t large cmpanies. There weren't enugh rganic ingredients, such as grain and cattle. This made it difficult fr many rganic cmpanies t stay in business. Tday, many large cmpanies have an rganic line f prducts.
Is rganic fd mre nutritius? This is part f the debate. Many farmers and cnsumers believe it is. They think agricultural chemicals cause health prblems such as cancer. Many health prfessinals disagree. Few studies prve that rganic fds prevent health prblems. Health specialists wrry mre abut bacteria, such as E.cli and salmnella. These can get int cntact with rganic and nn- rganic fd. Dctrs recmmend washing prduce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is imprtant t.
Mst peple agree that naturally grwn fd tastes better. Is tastier fd wrth the extra mney? This is a matter f pinin. Whether it is healthier r nt may require mre research. Hwever, rganic cnsumers argue it is better t be safe than srry.
5．What is prbably the majr cncern f rganic fd cnsumers?
A．Price.B．Safety.
C．Freshness.D．Variety.
6．What is the dctrs’ suggestin?
A．Grw yur wn fd.B．Reduce the use f pesticides.
C．Make sure the fd is clean.D．Buy large cmpanies’ prducts.
7．Which f the fllwing d mst peple agree n rganic fd?
A．It tastes better.B．It is easier t grw.
C．It cntains mre fat.D．It is mre nutritius.
8．Where des this text prbably cme frm?
A．A recipe bk.B．A chemistry paper.
C．A medical reprt.D．A health magazine.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今有机食品很受欢迎，将有机食品和非有机食品进行了对比，并且就有机食品的种植、营养价值和味道等情况进行了说明。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中Organic farms d nt use agricultural chemicals, such as pesticides. In many cuntries rganic fds have special labels. These guarantee that the prducts are natural.可知有机农场不使用农药等农药。在许多国家，有机食品都有特殊的标签。这些保证了产品是天然的。以及最后一段中Hwever, rganic cnsumers argue it is better t be safe than srry.可知然而，有机食品消费者认为，安全总比后悔好。由此可推知，有机食品消费者最关心的可能是安全。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Dctrs recmmend washing prduce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is imprtant t.可知医生建议仔细清洗农产品。小心处理肉类也很重要。由此可知，医生的建议是确保食物干净。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Mst peple agree that naturally grwn fd tastes better.可知大多数人同意自然生长的食物味道更好。由此可知，大多数人同意有机食品味道更好。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据文章主要说明了如今有机食品很受欢迎，将有机食品和非有机食品进行了对比，并且就有机食品的种植、营养价值和味道等情况进行了说明。这属于饮食健康类文章，可推知，这篇文章可能来自健康杂志。故选D。
3.（2023·辽宁·高三辽宁实验中学校联考）
In the summer f 2019, Tmas Quinnes was undertaking a seven-day “bikepacking” trip, cvering sme remte desert in Suthern Oregn, US. His trip had been marked with the usual minr trubles. But there had als been thse mments f unexpected kindness frm strangers.
On the last day f his trip, he was riding dwn a dusty track when he came upn a man lying uncnscius n the desert flr. Quinnes tried t give him sme water with little success. Luckily, he called the emergency rescue team and an ambulance arrived within an hur. “I never had a dubt abut what I wuld d,” he said. Quinnes, wh’d received sme gestures f help ver the curse f his trip, paid it frward.
The dds are, if yu’ve spent any time in the wild, yu’ll have experienced these gestures f kindness frm strangers r given them yurself t even if they were nthing s dramatic as the aid given by Quinnes.
S what is it abut being utside in nature that makes peple want t help thers? The first explanatin is that in the wild, there may nt be any ther help. Accrding t the “bystander effect”, the mre peple wh are in the presence f smene needing help, the less likely any f thse peple are t actually prvide it.
But anther idea is that there is smething abut nature itself that seems t prmte “prscial” attitudes. As a recent study suggests, expsure t nature can prmte feelings f transcendence-a sense f cnnectin t ther peple, t the wrld arund us and t the universe.
When we take adventure int the wild, we are easy t get hurt. And that makes us lk at the wrld differently. S, in the wild, where we lse ur nrmal pssessins, surrundings and identities, we seem mre willing t g the extra mile fr smene. It’s in nature that we can learn new things abut humanity.
9．What can we knw abut Tmas Quinnes’ trip in 2019?
A．He passed n the kindness he’d received.B．He was saved by a fellw traveler.
C．He gt tst fr sme time in the desertD．He came acrss unexpected dangers.
10．Why des the authr write abut Tmas Quinnes’ stry?
A．T suggest the unstppable pwer f nature.B．T highlight the risks f traveling alne.
C．T intrduce a cmmn phenmenn.D．T questin cnnectins between peple.
11．What might happen if many peple were present when smebdy needed help, accrding t the “bystander effect”?
A．They might ffer help immediately.B．They might be unwilling t help.
C．They might encurage thers t help.D．They might blame the persn in need.
12．Why are we mre likely t help strangers when in the wild, accrding t the text?
A．Expsure t nature bsts ur cnfidence.
B．We are mre clear-headed in natural envirnments.
C．Fear prmtes ur desire fr cnnectin with nature.
D．Feeling small in the wild makes us tend t act big.
【答案】9．A 10．C 11．B 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Tmas Quinnes进行了一次为期七天的“骑自行车”旅行。在旅行中，他遇到了一些困难，同时也收到了一些人的帮助。在他旅行的最后一天，他遇到了一个昏迷的人，帮助他叫了救护车。一项研究表明，在野外，人们更愿意为一些人付出更多的努力，去帮助他们。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Quinnes, wh’d received sme gestures f help ver the curse f his trip, paid it frward.(Quinnes在旅途中得到了一些帮助，他把这些帮助传递了出去。)”可知，Tmas Quinnes把他所受到的好意转达给别人。故选A。
10．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Quinnes, wh’d received sme gestures f help ver the curse f his trip, paid it frward.(奎诺内斯在旅途中得到了一些帮助，他把这些帮助传递了出去。)”和倒数第二段“As a recent study suggests, expsure t nature can prmte feelings f transcendence-a sense f cnnectin t ther peple, t the wrld arund us and t the universe.(最近的一项研究表明，接触大自然可以促进超然感——一种与他人、与我们周围的世界以及与宇宙的联系感。)”可知，本文主要讲述了Tmas Quinnes进行了一次为期七天的“骑自行车”旅行。在旅行中，他遇到了一些困难，同时也收到了一些人的帮助。在他旅行的最后一天，他遇到了一个昏迷的人，帮助他叫了救护车。一项研究表明，在野外，人们更愿意为一些人付出更多的努力，去帮助他们，因此本文的目的是介绍一种普遍现象。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Accrding t the “bystander effect”, the mre peple wh are in the presence f smene needing help, the less likely any f thse peple are t actually prvide it.(根据“旁观者效应”，需要帮助的人越多，这些人提供帮助的可能性就越小。)”可知，根据“旁观者效应”，如果有人需要帮助时很多人都在场，他们可能不愿意帮忙。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“S, in the wild, where we lse ur nrmal pssessins, surrundings and identities, we seem mre willing t g the extra mile fr smene. It’s in nature that we can learn new things abut humanity.(因此，在野外，我们失去了正常的财产、环境和身份，我们似乎更愿意为某人付出额外的努力。在大自然中，我们可以学到关于人性的新东西。)”可知，我们在野外更有可能帮助陌生人是因为在野外感到渺小会让我们倾向于表现得更大。故选D。
4.（2023·江苏·高三无锡市第一中学校考）
Zlgists studied the nervus systems f insects t investigate principles f bilgical brain cmputatin and pssible effects n machine learning and artificial intelligence. Specifically, they analysed hw insects learn t assciate sensry infrmatin in their envirnment with a fd reward, and hw they can recall this infrmatin later in rder t slve cmplex tasks such as the search fr fd.
Living rganisms shw remarkable abilities in cping with prblems psed by cmplex and dynamic envirnments. They are able t generalize their experiences in rder t rapidly adapt their behaviur when the envirnment changes. The zlgists investigated hw the nervus system f the fruit fly cntrls its behaviur when searching fr fd.
Using a cmputer mdel, they simulated and analysed the cmputatins in the fruit fly’s nervus system in respnse t scents (气味) cming frm the fd surce. They initially trained their mdel f the fly brain in exactly the same way as insects are trained in experiments. They presented a specific scent in the simulatin tgether with a reward and a secnd scent withut a reward.
“The mdel rapidly learns a strng representatin f the rewarded scent after just a few scent presentatins and is then able t find the surce f this scent in a cmplex envirnment,” said cmputer scientist Dr Hannes Rapp, wh created the mdel.
The mdel created is thus capable t generalize frm its memry and t apply what it has learned previusly in a cmpletely new and cmplex envirnment, while learning required nly a very small database f training samples.
The results suggest that the transfrmatin f sensry infrmatin int memries in the brain can inspire future machine learning and artificial intelligence applicatins t slving cmplex tasks.
13．What is the ultimate aim f the research?
A．T investigate principles f bilgical brain cmputatin.
B．T slve prblems in simulated cmplex envirnments.
C．T analyse hw insects search fr fd in cmplex envirnment.
D．T prmte machine learning and AI applicatins.
14．Hw did zlgists mainly carry ut their research?
A．By bserving fruit flies.B．By perfrming lab experiments.
C．By using a cmputer mdel.D．By carrying ut field research.
15．What is mainly discussed abut the study in paragraphs 3-5?
A．Its findings.B．Its prcess.C．Its imprtance.D．Its applicatin.
16．What des the result f this study imply?
A．Artificial intelligence is applied t the study f insect brain.
B．Fd reward is cnnected with infrmatin transfrmatin.
C．Sensry infrmatin can be applied t slving cmplex tasks.
D．Studying living rganisms can make a difference t AI research.
【答案】13．D 14．C 15．B 16．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍动物学家通过研究证明感官信息可以促进机器学习和人工智能在解决复杂问题中的作用。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Zlgists studied the nervus systems f insects t investigate principles f bilgical brain cmputatin and pssible effects n machine learning and artificial intelligence.（动物学家研究昆虫的神经系统，其目的是研究生物大脑计算的原理，以及对机器学习和人工智能可能产生的影响）”和最后一段的“The results suggest that the transfrmatin f sensry infrmatin int memries in the brain can inspire future machine learning and artificial intelligence applicatins t slving cmplex tasks.（研究结果表明，将感官信息转化为大脑中的记忆可以激发未来机器学习和人工智能在解决复杂任务中的应用）”推知，该研究的最终目的是促进机器学习和人工智能的应用。故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Using a cmputer mdel, they simulated and analysed the cmputatins in the fruit fly’s nervus system in respnse t scents (气味) cming frm the fd surce. （利用一个计算机模型，他们模拟并分析了果蝇神经系统对来自食物来源的气味的反应）”可知，动物学家通过使用一个计算机模型来进行研究。故选C。
15．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“They initially trained their mdel f the fly brain in exactly the same way as insects are trained in experiments. They presented a specific scent in the simulatin tgether with a reward and a secnd scent withut a reward.（他们最初训练果蝇大脑模型的方式与在实验中训练昆虫的方式完全相同。他们在模拟实验中展示了一种特定的气味和一种奖励，以及一种没有奖励的气味）”，第四段的“The mdel rapidly learns a strng representatin f the rewarded scent after just a few scent presentatins and is then able t find the surce f this scent in a cmplex envirnment（这个模型只需展示几次气味，就能迅速学会对受奖励气味的强烈表达，然后就能在复杂的环境中找到这种气味的来源）”和第五段的“The mdel created is thus capable t generalize frm its memry and t apply what it has learned previusly in a cmpletely new and cmplex envirnment（因此，所创建的模型能够从其记忆中进行概括，并在一个全新复杂的环境中应用之前所学到的知识）”可知，3-5段主要介绍了实验的过程，包括实验初、实验中和实验得到的结果。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The results suggest that the transfrmatin f sensry infrmatin int memries in the brain can inspire future machine learning and artificial intelligence applicatins t slving cmplex tasks.（研究结果表明，将感官信息转化为大脑中的记忆可以激发未来机器学习和人工智能在解决复杂任务中的应用）”推知，感官信息可以用来解决复杂的任务。故选C。
5.（2024上·江苏·高三徐州市第七中学阶段练习）
In the animal kingdm, mimics (模仿) are nt rare. Stick insects pretend t be twigs. Hawk mth caterpillars resemble pisnus snakes. The examples, thugh, are visual. Auditry mimicry is rarer. Danil Russ f the University f Naples Federic II thinks he has fund a nvel case f it, as he describes in Current Bilgy. Sme bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in rder t scare away wls that might therwise eat them.
Dr. Russ first nticed bat buzzing a few years ag. The nise struck him as similar t the sund f sme bees. He wndered whether bat buzzing was a frm f mimicry which helped t scare ff wuld-be predatrs.
T test this idea, he and his clleagues first recrded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with prtective clthing, they began the mre dangerus task f recrding the buzzing made by different bees. Cmputer analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar.
Then the researchers recruited several wls. They put the wls, ne at a time, in an enclsure with branches fr them t stay n, and tw bxes with hles in them. They placed a ludspeaker alngside ne f the bxes and, after the birds had settled in, bradcast thrugh it five secnds f uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amunt f insect buzzing three times in a rw fr each nise. As a cntrl, they bradcast in like manner several nn-buzzing sunds made by bats.
During the bradcasts and fr five minutes thereafter, they videed the wls. After analysis, the results were unequivcal. When they heard bth the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the wls mved as far frm the speakers as they culd. In cntrast, when the nn-buzzing bat sunds were played, they crept clser.
Dr. Russ believes this is the first reprted case f a mammal using auditry mimicry t scare away a predatr. They strngly suspect, hwever, that it is nt unique. Anecdtes suggest several birds als make buzzing nises when their nests are disturbed. And with the result f the experiment, he therefre predicts that auditry mimicry is far mre widespread than currently realized.
17．What was Dr. Russ’s assumptin f the study?
A．Only sme bats have the capacity f auditry mimicry.
B．The buzzing f bats is similar t the sund f sme bees.
C．Auditry mimicry is rather cmmn in the animal kingdm.
D．Bats imitate the vice f angry bees t frighten away enemies.
18．Hw did Dr. Russ test his idea?
A．By cllecting cmputer data.
B．By cnsulting experts in this field.
C．By referring t ther schlars’ analysis.
D．By cnducting series f scientific experiments.
19．What des the underlined wrd “unequivcal” in paragraph 5 pssibly mean?
A．Disappinting.B．Cntrversial.C．Definite.D．Uncertain.
20．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Animal Mimicry: Buzz ff
B．Bats: N Mre Victim t Owls
C．A Self-prtectin Behavir amng Animals
D．A New Trick t Scare Away Owls
【答案】17．D 18．D 19．C 20．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究发现一些动物会模仿其他动物的声音，吓跑潜在的敌人。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dr. Russ first nticed bat buzzing a few years ag. The nise struck him as similar t the sund f sme bees. He wndered whether bat buzzing was a frm f mimicry which helped t scare ff wuld-be predatrs. (Russ 博士几年前第一次注意到蝙蝠的嗡嗡声。他听到的声音好像是蜜蜂的叫声。他想知道蝙蝠的嗡嗡声是否是一种模仿形式，有助于吓跑潜在的捕食者。)”可知，Russ博士对这项研究的假设是蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓跑敌人。故选D项。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段“T test this idea, he and his clleagues first recrded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with prtective clthing, they began the mre dangerus task f recrding the buzzing made by different bees. Cmputer analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar. (为了验证这个想法，他和他的同事首先记录了捕获蝙蝠时发出的嗡嗡声。然后，穿上防护服，他们开始了更危险的任务： 记录不同蜜蜂发出的嗡嗡声。计算机分析显示，蜜蜂和蝙蝠的嗡嗡声确实相似。)”以及第四段和第五段内容可知，Russ是通过进行一系列的科学实验验证他的想法的。故选D项。
19．词句猜测题。根据第五段中划线词句后文“When they heard bth the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the wls mved as far frm the speakers as they culd. In cntrast, when the nn-buzzing bat sunds were played, they crept clser. (当他们同时听到蝙蝠和蜜蜂的嗡嗡声时，猫头鹰们尽可能地远离扬声器。相比之下，当播放没有嗡嗡声的蝙蝠声时，它们会慢慢靠近。)”等内容可知，实验的结果肯定了Russ的假设。从而推知划线词句“After analysis, the results were unequivcal. (经过分析，结果是unequivcal。)”其中划线词汇意思是“肯定的”。故选C项。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Sme bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in rder t scare away wls that might therwise eat them. (他认为，有些蝙蝠会模仿愤怒的蜜蜂，以吓跑可能会吃掉它们的猫头鹰。)”以及最后一段中“And with the result f the experiment, he therefre predicts that auditry mimicry is far mre widespread than currently realized. (根据实验结果，他因此预测听觉模仿比目前认识到的要广泛得多。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，研究发现一些动物会模仿其他动物的声音，吓跑潜在的敌人。A项“动物模仿：（敌人）滚开”符合主题，故选A项。
6.（2023·福建厦门·高三厦门一中校考阶段练习）
Bees are imprtant t agriculture. But useful as they are, bees d nt receive the same care and cncern ver their emtinal well-being as ther agricultural animals.
Eclgist Buchmann’s recent bk, which cllects the wrk f bee schlars as they wrk t explain what ges n in their brains, suggests bees can learn, think and even likely feel, much like animals. Buchmann’s wrk als suggests bees shuld hld a special place in ur ethical scheme (道德体系). Fr Buchmann and sme ther scientists, what they have learned abut bees changes their research strategies t be mre ethical, n par with (相当于) the standards set fr animals such as mice and mnkeys.
Experiments, the utcmes f which are addressed in the bk, illustrate the secret life f bees. Lars Chittka, a University Cllege f Lndn prfessr, did an experiment 16 years ag where he hid a rbtic spider in flwers. The spider wuld grab a careless bee that came t clse and then release it after giving it a scare. Chittka bserved hw the released bees learned t lk fr the spider and t avid it. Sme wuld be t scared t apprach even unccupied flwers.
Other studies prved that bee brains saw rushes in chemicals that culd bring happiness when they were presented with sucrse (sugar). These happy bees then fund mre fd than their unrewarded bees. By cntrast, stress frm pr handling lwered the levels f these happy chemicals.
“Many f my clleagues d experiments where bees have sme devices placed int varius bdy parts withut cnsidering their feelings,” Chittka says. “The current care free situatin that researchers live in with n legal framewrk needs t be re-evaluated.” There are few laws regarding bee welfare. Buchmann thinks the “unhappiness” f bees might be a cntributing factr t the decreasing numbers f bees.
Bees are critical t feeding the wrld and t plant survival. But the bees need care t. The first step in safeguarding the precius bees is t learn mre abut them and their lives. “These unique minds, regardless f hw much they may differ frm urs, have as much justificatin t exist as we d,” says Chittka.
21．What can we learn abut Buchmann’s new bk?
A．It fcuses n the ethical scheme.B．It recrds sme research n bees.
C．It teaches peple hw t prtect bees.D．It intrduces sme famus scientists.
22．Which statement can be used t describe the bees in Chittka’s experiment?
A．Once bitten, twice shy.B．Practice makes perfect.
C．Never ffer t teach fish t swim.D．Kill tw birds with ne stne.
23．What cnclusin can we draw frm the studies?
A．Bees are well-received.B．Bees are precius.
C．Bees can have emtins.D．Bees can handle stress well.
24．What might be Chittka’s advice?
A．New devices shuld be placed in bees.
B．Peple shuldn’t experiment with bees in the lab.
C．New rules shuld be made fr the benefit f bees.
D．The functin f bees shuld be re-evaluated.
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．C 24．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的研究发现，蜜蜂可以学习，思考，并表现出类乐观、沮丧、和恐惧等复杂情绪；研究人员认为，蜜蜂也需要照顾，和人类一样有存在的理由。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Eclgist Buchmann’s recent bk, which cllects the wrk f bee schlars as they wrk t explain what ges n in their brains, suggests bees can learn, think and even likely feel, much like animals. (生态学家Buchmann最近的一本书收集了蜜蜂学者的研究成果，他们致力于解释蜜蜂的大脑中发生的事情，书中指出蜜蜂可以学习、思考，甚至可能有感觉，就像动物一样。)”可知，生态学家Buchmann的新书记录了蜜蜂学者针对蜜蜂的一些研究；由此可知，Buchmann的新书记录了一些关于蜜蜂的研究。故选B。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Lars Chittka, a University Cllege f Lndn prfessr, did an experiment 16 years ag where he hid a rbtic spider in flwers. The spider wuld grab a careless bee that came t clse and then release it after giving it a scare. Chittka bserved hw the released bees learned t lk fr the spider and t avid it. Sme wuld be t scared t apprach even unccupied flwers.(伦敦大学学院教授Lars Chittka在16年前做了一个实验，他把一只机械蜘蛛藏在花里。蜘蛛会抓住一只不小心靠近的蜜蜂，然后在惊吓它之后释放它。奇特卡观察了被释放的蜜蜂是如何学会寻找蜘蛛并避开它的。有些蜜蜂甚至不敢接近没有被占领的花朵。)”可知，在Lars Chittka的实验中当蜜蜂被藏在花里的机械蜘蛛抓住再释放后，这些蜜蜂就会对蜘蛛产生恐惧心理，学会寻找蜘蛛并避开它，有些蜜蜂甚至不敢接近没有被占领的花朵；由此可知，A选项“Once bitten, twice shy.(一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳)”可以用来描述Chittka的实验中的蜜蜂。故选A。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Lars Chittka, a University Cllege f Lndn prfessr, did an experiment 16 years ag where he hid a rbtic spider in flwers. The spider wuld grab a careless bee that came t clse and then release it after giving it a scare. Chittka bserved hw the released bees learned t lk fr the spider and t avid it. Sme wuld be t scared t apprach even unccupied flwers.(伦敦大学学院教授Lars Chittka在16年前做了一个实验，他把一只机械蜘蛛藏在花里。蜘蛛会抓住一只不小心靠近的蜜蜂，然后在惊吓它之后释放它。奇特卡观察了被释放的蜜蜂是如何学会寻找蜘蛛并避开它的。有些蜜蜂甚至不敢接近没有被占领的花朵。)”以及第四段“Other studies prved that bee brains saw rushes in chemicals that culd bring happiness when they were presented with sucrse (sugar). These happy bees then fund mre fd than their unrewarded bees. By cntrast, stress frm pr handling lwered the levels f these happy chemicals.(其他研究证明，当蜜蜂被奖励蔗糖时，它们大脑中能带来快乐的化学物质的激增。这些快乐的蜜蜂比那些没有得到奖励的蜜蜂找到了更多的食物。相比之下，处理不当造成的压力会降低这些快乐化学物质的水平。)”可知，这些研究表明蜜蜂对可能给自己带来危险的东西会产生恐惧，得到糖时会感到快乐，并能找到更多食物，面对压力会也会感到不快乐；由此可知，这些研究表明蜜蜂是有情绪的，如恐惧、快乐、能感受到压力等。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“‘Many f my clleagues d experiments where bees have sme devices placed int varius bdy parts withut cnsidering their feelings,’ Chittka says. ‘The current care free situatin that researchers live in with n legal framewrk needs t be re-evaluated.’ (‘我的许多同事都在做实验，把一些装置放在蜜蜂的不同身体部位，而不考虑它们的感受’Chittka说：‘目前研究人员生活在没有法律框架的情况下无忧无虑生活的这种情况需要重新评估。’)”以及最后一段中的“Bees are critical t feeding the wrld and t plant survival. But the bees need care t. The first step in safeguarding the precius bees is t learn mre abut them and their lives. “These unique minds, regardless f hw much they may differ frm urs, have as much justificatin t exist as we d,” says Chittka.(蜜蜂对养活世界和植物的生存至关重要。但是蜜蜂也需要照顾。保护珍贵蜜蜂的第一步是更多地了解它们和它们的生活。Chittka说：‘这些独特的大脑，不管它们与我们的大脑有多大的不同，都和我们一样有存在的理由。’)”可知，Chittka认为，蜜蜂和人类一样有存在的理由，研究人员可以不顾蜜蜂的感受在它们不同身体部位植入一些装置而不受法律约束的这一现状应该要重新评估；由此可知，Chittka可能会建议制定新的法规来保护蜜蜂的权益。故选C。
7.（2023·福建三明·高三三明一中校考）
Bidegradable(可降解的) fd packaging is designed t detect t what degree the fd has gne bad by changing its clr. Best-befre labels are ften pr predictrs f when fd becmes dangerus t eat, which can lead t waste and fd pisning, says Benedett Marelli at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy. S he and his clleagues tried t create the package that can react t changes in fd.
They made fur films(膜) similar t plastic package, each cnsisting f tw layers. One layer was made frm a prtein extracted frm silkwrm silk, while the ther was made f ne f fur s-called cvalent rganic framewrks (COFs). These materials cntain carbn and hydrgen, as well as atms like xygen r nitrgen, all arranged in a netwrk that allws air and water t g thrugh easily.
After checking the films were nn-txic and strng, the researchers tried t cmpst(堆肥处理) them. Fr the best perfrming film, 50 percent f it degraded after being placed in sil fr 30 days, which is cmparable t existing bidegradable plastics.
The material als changed clur when immersed in water with different pH values, due t the COF layer’s interactin with the liquid. Because the pH f fd increases as it spils, the researchers tried t use a piece f the film as a clur-changing label attached t a packet f raw chicken. The label started ff range but turned yellw and gt 17 percent lighter after 20 hurs at 30℃, indicating that the meat had begun t spil. The researchers als laded the COF layer with a chemical. After 15 days, s ya beans packaged in the film and left in high heat and humidity went bad, but nly a third as much as beans wrapped in traditinal plastic.
“Fr a successful market entry, the material will need t be affrdable and easy t prduce. The standard fr cmpeting with plastic prductin is very high.” says Marelli.
25．Why did Marelli decide t create the package?
A．T imprve the bidegradability f fd.
B．T cmpete with plastic fr market share.
C．T make a breakthrugh in bitechnlgy.
D．T tackle fd waste and enhance fd safety.
26．What des Paragraph 2 mainly talk abut?
A．The functins f films.B．The categries f films.
C．The applicatin f films.D．The cmpsitin f films.
27．What is the feature f the film?
A．It prevents fd frm spiling.B．It shws sensitivity t chemicals.
C．It has incmparable bidegradability.D．It is unaffected by unfavrable cnditins.
28．What is Marelli’s attitude twards the prspect f the film?
A．Realistic.B．Hpeless.C．Optimistic.D．Indifferent.
【答案】25．D 26．D 27．B 28．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了麻省理工学的贝内代托·马瑞利和同事们试图创造一种能对食物变化做出反应的包装。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Best-befre labels are ften pr predictrs f when fd becmes dangerus t eat, which can lead t waste and fd pisning, says Benedett Marelli at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy. S he and his clleagues tried t create the package that can react t changes in fd. (麻省理工学院的贝内代托·马瑞利说，“最佳食用前”标签往往不能很好地预测食物何时会变得危险，这会导致浪费和食物中毒。因此，他和他的同事们试图创造一种能对食物变化做出反应的包装。)”可知，他们创造这种包装的目的是为了处理食物浪费和提高食品安全。故选D。
26．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“One layer was made frm a prtein extracted frm silkwrm silk, while the ther was made f ne f fur s-called cvalent rganic framewrks (COFs). These materials cntain carbn and hydrgen, as well as atms like xygen r nitrgen, all arranged in a netwrk that allws air and water t g thrugh easily. (其中一层是由从蚕丝中提取的蛋白质制成的，而另一层是由四种所谓的共价有机框架(COFs)中的一种制成的。这些材料含有碳和氢，以及氧原子或氮原子，它们排列成一个网络，让空气和水很容易通过。)”可知，本段主要介绍膜的组成。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The material als changed clur when immersed in water with different pH values, due t the COF layer’s interactin with the liquid. Because the pH f fd increases as it spils, the researchers tried t use a piece f the film as a clur-changing label attached t a packet f raw chicken. (由于COF层与液体的相互作用，当浸入不同pH值的水中时，材料也会改变颜色。由于食物变质后pH值会增加，研究人员尝试用一片薄膜作为变色标签贴在一包生鸡肉上。)”当与液体相互作用，加入不同pH值的水，材料颜色会发生变化，可推知它对化学物质的敏感。故选B。
28．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“‘Fr a successful market entry, the material will need t be affrdable and easy t prduce. The standard fr cmpeting with plastic prductin is very high.’ says Marelli. (“为了成功进入市场，这种材料需要价格合理且易于生产。与塑料产品竞争的标准非常高。马瑞利说。)”根据马瑞利说的话，可推知，他对这种包装膜的前景的态度是现实的。故选A。
8.（2023·河南·高三河南省实验中学校考）
Distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic has made bth physical and scial cnnectins a tuch mre difficult t maintain. Fr Stanfrd University student Millie Salvat, being apart frm her friend n the ppsite cast has prved challenging. Smetimes a text r vide call is nt enugh, and peple in Salvat’s situatin ften lng fr a way t send a cmfrting hug frm afar. In a new study detailed in IEEE Transactins n Haptics, she and her clleagues demnstrated a wearable sleeve that can simulate (模拟) human tuch and cnvey scial messages sent electrnically.
Salvat and her team measured hw 37 participants expressed scial messages in different situatins. In each test, ne persn wre a pressure-sensing device n an arm, and anther tuched it t respnd t six different scenes: attentin seeking, gratitude, happiness, calming, lve and sadness. After cllecting 661 tuch mvements, Salvat and her clleagues mapped the lcatin and pressure f each. Next, they used a machine-learning algrithm (算法) t select the mvements that were mst reliable part f each respnse. Finally, they prgrammed a wearable sleeve t simulate these mvements using eight built-in disks that vibrate when electrnically signaled. “The instant it received signals, I culd feel the tuch and identify its intended meaning.” One participant reprted.
Even with n training, the participants crrectly matched the simulated tuches t the six scenes 45 percent f the time. Fr cmparisn, a previus study fund participants culd match scenes fr tuches frm real human hands 55 percent f the time.
Gerling, a tuch researcher at Harvard wh was nt invlved in the study, said the inventin was really surprising. But the study was small and needs t cver far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which are the mst desirable respnses. Besides, he believes the sleeve surely will enjy great ppularity nce launched n the market.
29．What were participants asked t d during the study?
A．Pick up reliable respnses.B．Mdel n electrnic tuches.
C．Respnd t different situatins.D．Mark ut prgrammed mvements.
30．Why did Salvat and her team invent the wearable sleeve ?
A．T keep track f the COVID-19 pandemic.
B．T imitate human tuch and express scial messages sent electrnically .
C．T enjy great ppularity nce launched n the market.
D．T stress the significance f physical and scial cnnectins .
31．What des Gerling suggest accrding t the last paragraph?
A．Cvering mre scenes.B．Launching n the market.
C．Cnducting further research.D．Interviewing the participants.
32．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Electrnic Sleeves Helping Feel Virtual Tuch
B．New Technlgy Imprving Scial Cnnectins
C．New Sensing Device Increasing Physical Tuches
D．Electrnic Sleeves Respnding t Different Situatins
【答案】29．C 30．B 31．C 32．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的学生Millie Salvat研究出了一种可穿戴的袖子，它可以模拟人类的触摸并通过电子方式传递社交信息。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段“In each test, ne persn wre a pressure-sensing device n an arm, and anther tuched it t respnd t six different scenes: attentin seeking, gratitude, happiness, calming, lve and sadness. (在每次测试中，一个人在手臂上佩戴压力感应装置，另一个人触摸它以应对六个不同的场景：寻求关注、感激、幸福、平静、爱和悲伤)”可知，在研究中，参与者要求对不同的情境做出回应。故选C。
30．推理判断题。根据第一段“Distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic has made bth physical and scial cnnectins a tuch mre difficult t maintain. Fr Stanfrd University student Millie Salvat, being apart frm her friend n the ppsite cast has prved challenging. Smetimes a text r vide call is nt enugh, and peple in Salvat’s situatin ften lng fr a way t send a cmfrting hug frm afar.(在新冠期间，保持社交距离使得身体上和社会上的联系更难以维持。对于斯坦福大学的学生Millie Salvat来说，与远在大洋彼岸的朋友分开是一种挑战。有时候一个短信或者视频通话远远不够，跟Salvat相同处境的人经常渴望一种能从远方送一个安慰的拥抱的方式)”可知，她和她的同事发明了一种可穿戴的袖子是因为想要模仿人类接触并能以电子方式发送社交信息。故选B。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Gerling, a tuch researcher at Harvard wh was nt invlved in the study, said the inventin was really surprising. But the study was small and needs t cver far larger grups f peple t determine exactly which are the mst desirable respnses. (哈佛大学的一名没有参与这项研究的触摸研究人员Gerling说，这项发明真的很令人惊讶。但这项研究规模较小，需要覆盖更大的人群，以确定哪些是最理想的反应)”可知，Gerling建议做更深入的研究。故选C。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In a new study detailed in IEEE Transactins n Haptics, she and her clleagues demnstrated a wearable sleeve that can simulate (模拟) human tuch and cnvey scial messages sent electrnically (《IEEE触觉论汇刊》中详细介绍了一项新研究，她和她的同事展示了一种可穿戴的袖子，它可以模拟人的触摸并通过电子方式传递社交信息)”以及第二段““The instant it received signals, I culd feel the tuch and identify its intended meaning.”One participant reprted. (一位参与者报告说：“它一收到信号，我就能感觉到那种触摸，并识别出它的意图”)”可知，本文主要讲的是电子套袖有助于感受虚拟触感。所以，用A项“Electrnic Sleeves Helping Feel Virtual Tuch”作为本文标题，与文章主题相符合。故选A。
9.（2024·河南信阳·高三信阳高中校考阶段练习）
Fr teenagers, is a sense f cmfrt mre cmmnly fund in sprts r arts? And hw might this relate t their reprted depressive symptms? A new research published by the American Psychlgical Assciatin suggests that teenagers participating in after-schl art activities like music, drama, and painting are mre likely t reprt depressive symptms than their nn-participating peers.
“This is nt t say that depressin is a necessary cnditin fr either a teen r an adult t becme an artist, nr are we shwing that participating in the arts leads t mental illness,” said lead authr Laura N. Yung. MA．f Bstn Cllege. “Hwever, previus research has revealed higher rates f mental illness symptms in adult artists. We were interested in whether this assciatin is present earlier in develpment.”
Interestingly, teens wh engaged exclusively in sprts and didn’t invlve themselves in any ther extracurricular activities were reprted the least depressive symptms. The researchers fund n significant difference in depressive symptms between teens invlved in the arts wh als did sprts and thse wh didn’t, suggesting that arts participatin, rather than a lack f sprts participatin, was assciated with depressin.
The researchers used data frm the U. S. Survey f Yuth cllected frm 2, 482 students 15 t 16 years ld. The survey asked teens abut their frequency f participatin in arts r sprts activities after schl, and their experience f varius mds r prblems related t depressin.
One thery the researchers prpsed fr the seeming link between the arts and mental illness symptms is that peple attracted t the arts might pssess certain cgnitive (认知的) qualities, such as absrbing a higher level f infrmatin frm their surrundings. This culd lead t general unhappiness and depressin, yet als enhance creativity and artistic expressin. The authrs suggested that persnality qualities linked t depressin, like intrversin (内向), might guide teens twards mre individual activities like the arts.
“When psitive behavirs such as being invlved in the arts are assciated with symptms f mental illness, it’s essential that we understand why,” said Yung. “Further research can address the questin f whether pssible psychlgical shrtcmings can be transfrmed int benefits thrugh the practice f the arts.”
33．What can we learn frm the research findings?
A．Art activities directly lead t teen mental illness.
B．Art participatin can be related t teen depressin.
C．Sprts are likely t increase depressin rates in teens.
D．Being depressed is necessary t becme an artist later.
34．Which has the clsest meaning with the underlined wrd “exclusively” in Paragraph 3?
A．nlyB．rarelyC．regularlyD．diversely
35．What is Paragraph 5 f the text mainly abut?
A．The verall framewrk f the research prject
B．The direct cause f the bserved phenmenn.
C．The theretical basis f the pssible cnnectin.
D．The methds applied in cnducting the research.
36．Accrding t Yung, what shuld fllw-up researches fcus n?
A．Hw t reduce depressive symptms thrugh sprts.
B．Hw t identify the psitive impacts f the assciatin.
C．Hw t prve the link between creativity and depressin.
D．Hw t turn ptential mental weaknesses int strengths.
【答案】33．B 34．A 35．C 36．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。美国心理协会发表的一项新研究表明，参加课外艺术活动(如音乐、戏剧和绘画)的青少年比不参加的同龄人更容易出现抑郁症状。文章对此进行了介绍。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“A new research published by the American Psychlgical Assciatin suggests that teenagers participating in after-schl art activities like music, drama, and painting are mre likely t reprt depressive symptms than their nn-participating peers.(美国心理协会发表的一项新研究表明，参加课外艺术活动(如音乐、戏剧和绘画)的青少年比不参加的同龄人更容易出现抑郁症状。)”可知，研究发现艺术参与可能与青少年抑郁有关。故选B。
34．词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句中的“and didn’t invlve themselves in any ther extracurricular activities(没有参加任何其它课外活动)”可知，此处是指只参与体育活动，所以exclusively意为“仅仅，只”。故选A。
35．主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句“One thery the researchers prpsed fr the seeming link between the arts and mental illness symptms is that peple attracted t the arts might pssess certain cgnitive (认知的) qualities, such as absrbing a higher level f infrmatin frm their surrundings.(对于艺术与精神疾病症状之间的表面联系，研究人员提出的一种理论是，被艺术吸引的人可能具有某种认知能力，比如从周围环境中吸收更高水平的信息。)”和最后一句“The authrs suggested that persnality qualities linked t depressin, like intrversin (内向), might guide teens twards mre individual activities like the arts.(作者认为，与抑郁有关的性格特质，比如内向，可能会引导青少年进行更多的个人活动，比如艺术。)”可知，第五段主要是讲可能联系的理论基础。故选C。
36．细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Further research can address the questin f whether pssible psychlgical shrtcmings can be transfrmed int benefits thrugh the practice f the arts.(进一步的研究可以解决这样一个问题：是否可能的心理缺陷可以通过艺术实践转化为好处。)”可知，后续研究应该关注如何将潜在的心理弱点转化为优势。故选D。
10.（2024·浙江杭州·学军中学校考模拟预测）
The Christmas Pig, J.K. Rwling’s first children’s nvel since Harry Ptter I, is a feel-gd bk, full f surprises, which will delight adults and children alike, nt nly fr the riginal stry, but als fr the imaginative scenery, characters and bjects that interact with the main characters.
It tells the stry f Jack and the lve he feels fr Dur Pig, a stuffed ty pig wh has been with him since he was a tddler. After lsing him n Christmas Eve, Jack will embark n a great adventure t save Dur Pig with the help f the Christmas Pig, a brand-new replacement fr Dur Pig.
J.K. Rwling shws again, with this bk, why she is cnsidered ne f the greatest strytellers f her time. She distinguishes herself again in wrld building, and yunger and lder readers will be surprised, chapter after chapter, by the riginal ideas that she intrduces in this wrld that Jack and his friend visit. The wrld Rwling creates is nt cmplex but it des nt underestimate children: it is a wrld with clear lgistics that the prtagnists (主人翁) must fllw, carefully crafted t serve the stry and nt its readers.
Thse lng time readers f J.K. Rwling’s wrks will find familiar passages and themes that they may want t cnnect t the Harry Ptter bks. It is hard t tell if thse references are there n purpse, but there may be sme satisfactin in thinking that Rwling must have nticed and enjyed them privately while she was writing them.
Parents arund the wrld may have a difficult time every night, nce a chapter is finished and their children must g t sleep. The Christmas Pig will keep readers turning pages with a great and imaginative stry, filled with cliffhangers at the end f mst chapters that will leave kids asking fr mre. If sme reviewers said that The Ickabg lacked Harry Ptter’s magic, they can rest assured that The Christmas Pig has all the magic that J.K. Rwling can prvide, and that’s mre than enugh.
37．Why is J.K. Rwling rated as ne f the best strytellers f her time?
A．Her capacity in building characters.B．Her ability t design cmplicated plts.
C．Her tendency t write t children’s taste.D．Her creativity in wrld building.
38．What des the underlined wrd “cliffhangers” prbably mean in Paragraph 5?
A．Imaginatin.B．Suspense.C．Magic.D．Challenge.
39．What can we infer frm paragraph 4 and paragraph 5?
A．She intentinally included references t her previus wrks.
B．Parents have difficulty falling asleep after finishing a chapter.
C．Sme reviewers fund The Ickabg full f magic.
D．The Christmas Pig is a gd illustratin f J.K. Rwling’s magic.
40．What is the authr’s attitude twards J.K. Rwling’s bk “The Christmas Pig”?
A．Critical.B．Objective.C．Enthusiastic.D．Indifferent.
【答案】37．D 38．B 39．D 40．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了J.K.罗琳的小说《圣诞猪》，介绍了故事大概内容以及特点。
37．细节理解题。根据第三段“She distinguishes herself again in wrld building, and yunger and lder readers will be surprised, chapter after chapter, by the riginal ideas that she intrduces in this wrld that Jack and his friend visit.(她在构建世界的过程中再次脱颖而出，无论老少，都会被她在杰克和他的朋友造访的这个世界中引入的原创思想一章又一章地感到惊讶)”可知，J.K.罗琳被认为是她那个时代最会讲故事的人之一是因为她在构建世界方面的创造力。故选D。
38．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The Christmas Pig will keep readers turning pages with a great and imaginative stry, filled with”以及后文“at the end f mst chapters that will leave kids asking fr mre”可知，《圣诞猪》的故事让读者不断翻页，让孩子们想要更多，说明在大多数章节的结尾都充满了悬念，让人想要继续读下去。故划线词意思是“悬念”。故选B。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If sme reviewers said that The Ickabg lacked Harry Ptter’s magic, they can rest assured that The Christmas Pig has all the magic that J.K. Rwling can prvide, and that’s mre than enugh.(如果有些评论者说《The Ickabg》缺乏哈利波特的魔法，他们可以放心，《圣诞猪》拥有J.K.罗琳所能提供的所有魔法，这已经足够了)”可推知，圣诞猪是J.K.罗琳魔法的一个很好的例证。故选D。
40．推理判断题。根据第一段“The Christmas Pig, J.K. Rwling’s first children’s nvel since Harry Ptter I, is a feel-gd bk, full f surprises, which will delight adults and children alike, nt nly fr the riginal stry, but als fr the imaginative scenery, characters and bjects that interact with the main characters.(《圣诞猪》是J.K.罗琳自《哈利波特1》以来的第一部儿童小说，是一本让人感觉良好的书，充满了惊喜，不仅因为原著故事，而且因为与主角互动的富有想象力的场景、人物和物体，都会让成年人和孩子们都感到高兴)”可推知，作者对J.K.罗琳的小说《圣诞猪》充满热情。故选C。