2025版高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第一册Unit1PeopleofAchievemen提能训练

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第一册Unit1PeopleofAchievemen提能训练，共11页。试卷主要包含了A.part B，A.Admirable B等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A
(2023·泰安市联考)
A 17-year-ld Bangladeshi by has wn this year's Internatinal Children's Peace Prize fr his wrk t fight cyberbullying (网络欺凌) in his cuntry.
The prize winner, Sadat Rahman, prmised t keep fighting nline abuse until it n lnger exists.“The fight against cyberbullying is like a war, and in this war I am a fearless fighter，” Sadat Rahman said during a ceremny n Nvember 13 in The Hague, the Netherlands.He added, “If everybdy keeps supprting me, then tgether we will win this battle against cyberbullying.”
Rahman develped a mbile phne applicatin that prvides educatin abut nline bullying and a way t reprt cases f it.He said he began his wrk n the prject after hearing the stry f a 15-year-ld girl wh tk her wn life as a result f cyberbullying.“I will nt stp until we receive n mre cases thrugh the app, ” Rahman said at the ceremny.
The award cmes with a fund f ver $118,000, which is invested by the KidsRights Fundatin.The grup chses prjects t supprt cases that are clsely linked t the winner's wrk.
Past well-knwn winners f the prize include Pakistani human rights activist Malala Yusafzai and Swedish climate activist Greta Thunberg.And the students wh rganized the March fr Our Lives event in 2018 after a deadly mass shting at their schl in the American state f Flrida als wn the prize.
Yusafzai praised Rahman's wrk during the ceremny.She spke thrugh vide cnferencing.“All children have the right t be prtected frm vilence n matter if it is physical r mental, ffline r nline，” she said.“Cyberbullying is a vilatin (侵犯) f that right.”
语篇导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了孟加拉国一名17岁男孩因反网络霸凌获得了今年的国际儿童和平奖。
1．What des Sadat Rahman devte himself t？ A
A．Battling nline vilence.
B．Helping pr children.
C．Being a brave fighter.
D．Remving schl bullying.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The prize winner, Sadat Rahman, prmised t keep fighting nline abuse until it n lnger exists.(国际儿童和平奖得主萨达特·拉赫曼(Sadat Rahman)承诺将继续打击网络暴力，直到它不复存在为止。)”可知，萨达特·拉赫曼致力于打击网络暴力。故选A。
2．What caused Sadat Rahman t start his prject？ C
A．Peple's lack f educatin.
B．His wn experience f being bullied.
C．A girl's death frm cyberbullying.
D．The wide use f mbile phne apps.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“He said he began his wrk n the prject after tk her wn life as a result f cyberbullying.(他说，他是在听到一名15岁女孩因受到网络欺凌而自杀的故事后开始从事这个项目的。)”可知，一个女孩死于网络欺凌这件事使萨达特·拉赫曼开始了他的项目。故选C。
3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly abut？ D
A．The March fr Our Lives event.
B．Human rights activists in the wrld.
C．A hrrible mass schl shting.
D．Sme previus winners f the prize.
解析：主旨大意题。第五段的关键词是“Past well-knwn winners f the prize(过去的著名获奖者)”和“students wh rganized the March fr Our Lives event in 2018(2018年组织‘为我们的生命游行’活动的学生)”，所以本段主要讲述了该奖项以前的一些获奖者。故选D。
4．What can we infer frm Yusafzai's wrds？ B
A．Rahman's effrts have paid ff.
B．Cyberbullying shuld be gt rid f.
C．All children have the right t fight against vilence.
D．Children are faced with physical and mental bullying.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Yusafzai 说的话“All children have the right t be prtected frm vilence...”“Cyberbullying is a vilatin(侵犯) f that right.”可知，所有儿童都拥有免受暴力侵害的权利，无论是身体还是心理，无论是线下还是线上。网络霸凌是对这项权利的侵犯。因此，网络霸凌应该被消除。故选B。
B
(2024·八省八市高三第 一 次学业质评)
Carl Wieman，a Nbel Prize-winning physicist at Stanfrd University，excelled in the lab，where he created the Bse-Einstein cndensate(玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态)．Hwever，his mastery in the lab did nt extend t the classrm.Fr years, he wrestled with what seemed t be a straightfrward task: making undergraduates cmprehend physics as he did.Laying it ut fr them—explaining，even demnstrating the cre cncepts f the discipline—was nt wrking.Despite his clear explanatins，his students' capacity t slve the prblems he psed t them remained inadequate.
It was in an unexpected place that he fund the key t the prblem：nt in his classrms but amng the graduate students(研究生)wh came t wrk in his lab.When his entered the lab，Wieman nticed，their habits f thught were n less narrw and rigid than the undergraduates.Within a year r tw，hwever，these same graduate students transfrmed int the flexible thinkers he was trying s earnestly，and unsuccessfully，t cultivate.“Sme kind f intellectual prcess must have been missing frm the traditinal educatin，”Wieman recunts.
A majr factr in the graduate students' transfrmatin, Wieman cncluded，was their experience f intense scial engagement arund a bdy f knwledge—the hurs they spent advising，debating with，and recunting anecdtes t ne anther.In 2019, a study published in the Prceedings f the Natinal Academy f Sciences backed this idea. Tracking the intellectual advancement f several hundred graduate students in the sciences ver the curse f fur years，its authrs fund that the develpment f crucial skills such as generating hyptheses(假设)，designing experiments，and analyzing data was clsely related t the students' engagement with their peers in the lab，rather than the guidance they received frm their faculty mentrs(导师)．
Wieman is ne f a grwing number f Stanfrd prfessrs wh are bringing this “active learning”apprach t their curses.His aspiratin is t mve science educatin away frm the lecture frmat，tward a mdel that is mre active and mre engaged.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔物理学奖获得者Carl Wieman试图帮助本科学生提高解决问题的能力而进行的教学创新。这位斯坦福大学的教授通过观察他的研究生，发现促进他们思维能力提升的主要因素是围绕知识体系进行的密集的学术交流。于是，越来越多的教授在课程教学中采用这种方法，将科学教育从传统的讲座形式转向一种更积极、更投入的模式。
5．What prblem did Carl Wieman have with his undergraduates？ D
A．Making them excel in the lab.
B．Demnstrating lab experiments.
C．Facilitating their all-rund develpment.
D．Enhancing their physics prblem-slving.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的最后一句“Despite its clear explanatins，his students’ capacity t slve the prblems he psed t them remained inadequate.”可知，他的学生(本科生)仍然无法提高解决他提出的问题的能力。故选D。
6．Which f the fllwing best describes the graduate students wh first jined Wieman's lab？ A
A．Limited in thinking.
B．Resistant t new ideas.
C．Flexible and earnest.
D．Experienced and cperative.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“ habits f thught were n less narrw and rigid than the undergraduates.”可知，他们 (研究生)的思维习惯和本科生一样狭隘僵化。故选A。
7．What is crucial fr develping students' intelligent thught accrding t the 2019 study？ C
A．Intense lab wrk.
B．Peer pressure and evaluatin.
C．Academic interactin with fellws.
D．Engagement with external sciety.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the develpment f crucial skills such as... was clsely related t the students’ engagement with their peers in the lab”可知，2019年的研究发现学生关键思维能力的发展和在实验室里与同龄人的学术交流密切相关。故选C。
8．Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text？ D
A．Transfrming Graduates' Habits
B．Carl Wieman's Nbel Prize Jurney
C．The Nbel-Prize Winner's Struggles
D．Carl Wieman's Educatin Innvatin
解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段是讲Carl Wieman在教学中发现学生的思维能力和解决问题的能力较差；第二 、三段关于他如何找到的解决方案—在实验室的研究生身上发现思维能力的提升关键是和同伴进行的学术交流。第四段是结果—越来越多的教授们在课程教学中采用积极学习的模式。因此，D项“Carl Wieman的教育创新”可作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·重庆市第一次质检)
Gurnah, grwing up in Zanzibar, an island ff the cast f Tanzania, was awarded the 2021 Nbel Prize in Literature.
He is the first Black writer 1.A the prize since Tni Mrrisn in 1993, and sme bservers saw his 2.B as a lng delayed crrective(矫正) after years f Eurpean and American Nbel laureates(获奖者)．In his 10 nvels, Gurnah has ften explred the 3.A f exile(流放), identity and belnging.They 4.D Memry f Departure, Pilgrims Way and Dttie, which all deal with the immigrant(移民) experience in Britain.
Gurnah's first language is Swahili, but he 5.C English as his literary language.He drew n the imagery and stries frm the Quran, 6.D frm Arabic and Persian petry, particularly The Arabian Nights.The news f Gurnah's Nbel 7.C by fellw nvelists and academics wh have lng argued that his 8.B deserve a wider audience.
Gurnah was brn in Zanzibar, which is nw 9.A f Tanzania, in 1948.Then, in 1964, he fled t England. 10.D , pr, hmesick, he began t write scraps(片段) in his diary, then 11.B entries, then stries abut ther peple.In his 20s, he started 12.C fictin.Then he finished his first nvel Memry f Departure, abut a yung man wh flees a failed uprising, and at the same time he was writing his (论文)． 13.A , he became a prfessr f English.
Thugh Gurnah hasn't lived in Tanzania since he was a 14.B , his hmeland always inspires his imaginatin. 15.D , he said, “My hmeland always asserts myself in my imaginatin, even when I deliberately try t set my stries elsewhere.”
语篇导读：本文主要介绍了2021年诺贝尔文学奖获得者，坦桑尼亚作家古尔纳的生平及作品。
1．A.t receive B．t cnfirm
C．t search D．t appreciate
解析：考查语境推断。根据第一段“ awarded the 2021 Nbel Prize in Literature.”可知，古尔纳被授予诺贝尔文学奖。receive意为“得到，收到”，符合语境。cnfirm意为“确认”； search意为“搜查”；appreciate意为“欣赏”。故选A。
2．A.sectin B．selectin
C．cllectin D．cnsultatin
解析：考查语境推断。结合语境可知，此处表示古尔纳被选为诺贝尔文学奖的获得者。selectin意为“选择”，符合语境。sectin意为“部分，部门”；cllectin意为“收藏(品)”；cnsultatin意为“咨询”。故选B。
3．A.themes B．pinins
C．passages D．suggestins
解析：考查语境推断。结合空后的“exile(流放), identity and belnging”以及下文“ Dttie, which all deal with the immigrant(移民) experience in Britain.”可知，在他的10部小说中， 古尔纳经常探讨流亡、身份和归属感的主题。theme意为“主题”，符合语境。pinin意为“意见”；passage意为“段落”；suggestin意为“建议”。故选A。
4．A.explde B．cnclude
C．prvide D．include
解析：考查语境推断。结合语境可知，此处表示这些作品包括《离别的记忆》《朝圣者之路》和《多蒂》，都是围绕在英国的移民经历而展开。include意为“包括”，符合语境。explde意为“爆炸”；cnclude意为“总结”；prvide意为“提供”。故选D。
5．A.advised B．adapted
C．adpted D．affected
解析：考查语境推断。结合语境可知，此处表示古尔纳的第一语言是斯瓦希里语，但他采用英语作为他的文学语言。adpt意为“采用”，符合语境。advise意为“建议”；adapt意为“使适应；改编”；affect意为“影响”。故选C。
6．A.as much as B．as lng as
C．as ften as D．as well as
解析：考查语境推断。结合语境可知，此处表示他的作品引用了《古兰经》和阿拉伯诗歌与波斯诗歌中的意象和故事。as well as意为“以及”，符合语境。as much as意为“多达”；as lng as意为“只要；长达”；as ften as意为“每当”。故选D。
7．A.was awarded B．was discussed
C．was celebrated D．was suspected
解析：考查语境推断。此处表示小说家同行和学者们庆祝古尔纳获得诺贝尔奖的消息，他们一直认为他的作品应该有更广泛的读者。celebrate意为“庆祝”，符合语境。award意为“授予”；discuss意为“讨论”；suspect意为“怀疑”。故选C。
8．A.jbs B．wrks
C．labrs D．careers
解析：考查语境推断。结合语境可知，此处表示他的作品应有更广泛的读者。wrk意为“作品”，符合语境。jb意为“工作”；labr意为“任务；工作”；career意为“职业，事业”。故选B。
9．A.part B．name
C．hme D．cuntry
解析：考查语境推断。根据语境可知，此处表示桑给巴尔现在是坦桑尼亚的一部分。part意为“部分”，符合语境。name意为“名称”；hme意为“家”；cuntry意为“国家”。故选A。
10．A.Admirable B．Respectable
C．Fashinable D．Miserable
解析：考查语境推断。根据下文中与设空处内容并列的pr, hmesick可知，空格处填写的词汇应该是具有相似感情色彩的词汇，表示古尔纳当时的状态。miserable意为“痛苦的”，符合语境。admirable意为“令人钦佩的”；respectable意为“受人尊敬的”；fashinable意为“时髦的”。故选D。
11．A.higher B．lnger
C．strnger D．heavier
解析：考查语境&常识推断。根据上下文语境可知，古尔纳先是在日记中写零碎片段，接着是简短记录，再接着是人物故事；且根据常识可知，写作应是循序渐进，一步步进行的；且从零碎片段到简短记录再到人物故事，文字的长度应是逐渐变长的。lng意为“长的”，符合语境。high意为“高的”；strng意为“强壮的”；heavy意为“重的”。故选B。
12．A.reading B．hearing
C．writing D．watching
解析：考查语境推断。根据语境可知，此处表示20多岁时，古尔纳开始写小说。write意为“写作”，符合语境。read意为“阅读”；hear意为“听”；watch意为“观察”。故选C。
13．A.Afterwards B．Frwards
C．Backwards D．Frntwards
解析：考查逻辑推断。本段主要介绍了古尔纳的文学创作历程，有明显的时间顺序；此处表示后来，他成为英语教授。afterwards意为“然后”，符合语境。frwards意为“向前”； backwards意为“向后”；frntwards意为“向前”。故选A。
14．A.writer B．teenager
C．schlar D．prfessr
解析：考查语境推断。根据第四段中“Gurnah was brn in 1948.Then, in 1964, he fled t England.”可知， 16岁时，古尔纳离开了坦桑尼亚，即此处指自青少年时期他便没有再回去过。teenager意为“青少年”，符合语境。writer意为“作家”；schlar意为“学者”；prfessr意为“教授”。故选B。
15．A.As a result
B．At the same time
C．On the ther hand
D．In his wn wrds
解析：考查语境推断。后文是古尔纳对上文“his hmeland always inspires his imaginatin”的诠释，以说明他的小说中处处有着他的祖国的影子。in his wn wrds意为“用他自己的话”，符合语境。as a result意为“结果”；at the same time意为“同时”；n the ther hand意为“另一方面”。故选D。
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023·山西省适应性调研)
Cmplaining is ften lked at as a negative, but if yu perfect it great things can happen.
1.C Articles and experts insist that t much cmplaining will“lwer yur empathy(共鸣)” and stp yu achieving yur dream and living the life yu want.They suggest that yu cut ut negativity frm yur life, especially peple wh cmplain.But humans lve t cmplain.
I knw this because I get paid t sit with peple while they cmplain and prcess every week. 2.E Once we discver hw t effectively integrate it, great things can Kwalski fund thse wh cmplain in the hpe f achieving a certain result tend t be happier.
Cmplaining als influences hw peple see us, creates scial bnds, encurages empathy and helps create real changes.It plays a very imprtant rle in ur lives and is a skill that can be extremely effective. 3.G
S here are sme ways t deal with the art f cmplaining in a skillful way.
1．Clarify and rganize yur cmplaints.It will get yur cmplaints acrss t thers mre easily.
2．Wrk ut wh can give yu a hand. 4.B Pick thse wh can empathize with yu r help with yur gal.
3．Make cnnectins with thers.It wuld be pssible fr peple t knw what yu needed.
Cnclude frm specific things abve, and ur cmplaining is much mre likely t feel useful and effective：
·Use facts and lgic.
·Identify wh has the ability t make it happen.
· 5.D
Whatever yur cmplaining, it'll make fr yur imprvement when used crrectly and effectively.
A．Get rid f yur bitter cmplaints.
B．Dn't cmplain t the same peple.
C．Actually, cmplaining has a bad reputatin.
D．Scialize with thers t make cmplaints accessible.
E．Cmplaining des serve as a real purpse in ur lives.
F．Hwever, the influences f cmplaining are nt necessarily beneficial t us all.
G．Our gal is nt t remve cmplaining, but make it mre useful and effective.
语篇导读：本文针对传统的、认为抱怨只有负面作用的片面观点，提出了合理地有技巧性地抱怨倾诉可以缓解情绪并帮助我们成长的观点和具体的实操方法。
解析：
1．第一段是文章主旨，抱怨总是被认为是负面的、消极的，但是如果你改善了这个过程就会产生积极影响。设空处是第二段的主旨句，本段介绍抱怨的消极影响，比如让人的共情能力下降，阻碍人们实现自己的理想，专家甚至建议人们停止抱怨，因此C项(事实上，抱怨被认为是不好的。)符合语境。故选C。
2．根据空前“I knw this because I get paid t sit with peple while...”及空后“Once we discver hw things can happen.”可知，设空处应承接上文，引出下文抱怨有好处，故E项(抱怨在我们生活中，确实起到应有的作用。)符合语境。故选E。
3．第四段介绍抱怨在我们的生活中十分重要，也是一种非常有效的技巧。下文提供了一些艺术地抱怨的技巧。因此G项(我们的目的并不是要完全不抱怨，而是让抱怨更有用、更有效。)符合语境。故选G。
4．设空处承上启下，上文说找出能帮你一把的人。下文说选择那些能够与你感同身受的或者帮助你实现目标的人。B项(不要只向同一个人倾诉。)符合语境。故选B。
5．此处的三点总结与上文的三点建议相对应。上文的第三点说要与他人联系，这样他人才会知道你需要什么。结合选项可知，D项(与他人社交使抱怨得以理解。)符合语境。故选D。
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2023·东北师大附中名校联考)
The Chinese began t accept Western medicine as early as the beginning f 20th century, 1.but/yet/while Chinese medicine is still in dubt amng Western peple.T them, Chinese medicine, like ancient China, is mysterius and beynd 2.belief (believe)．
Chinese medicines, mst f them 3.being (be) riginally natural herbs, are made thrugh having these materials simmered, rasted, r fried withut having specific standards.This is the main reasn fr 4.which they're nt recgnized internatinally.Chinese medicines usually appear in 5.the frm f pills, tablets and mst cmmnly herb teas.They are used 6.n accunt f their pwer in aid f recvery and they tend t prduce lng-term effects.They might be 7.slwer (slw) in curing the patient f the disease, but they have less serius side effects even if 8.taken (take) frequently, fr each medicinal herb is prescribed (开处方) fr the benefit f the patient, causing n harm t the liver r the kidneys.
It is bvius that n matter hw strange they may seem t Westerners, Chinese medicines 9.have been used (use) fr thusands f years and prve t be extremely effective.It's up t us 10.t prmte (prmte)the precius heritage.
语篇导读：文章主要介绍了中药未被西方认可的原因及其形式、药效等相关情况。
解析：
1．考查连词。句意：中国人早在20世纪初就开始接受西药，但是中药在西方人中仍然存在疑问。分析句子结构可知，设空处连接两个句子；根据句意可知，上下文之间为转折关系。故填but/yet/while。
2．考查词性转换。句意：对于他们来说，中药就像古中国一样是神秘的、令人难以相信的。分析句子结构可知，此处作介词beynd 的宾语，应用名词形式。故填belief。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：中药大部分是天然草本植物，是在没有明确标准的情况下对这些草本植物进行煨、爆、煎等操作而制成的。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语are made, 设空处应使用非谓语动词形式；be与其逻辑主语mst f them 之间为主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。故填being。
4．考查定语从句。句意：这是它们没有得到国际认可的主要原因。分析句子结构可知， fr 4 they're nt recgnized internatinally 是“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为 reasn, 指物，故关系代词用which。故填which。
5．考查冠词。句意：中药通常以药片、药丸和最常见的药茶形式出现。此处考查固定搭配in the frm f...，意为“以……的形式”。故填the。
6．考查介词。句意：它们因其能够协助康复而被使用并且往往会产生长期影响。n accunt f 意为“因为，由于”，为固定搭配。故填n。
7．考查形容词的比较级。句意：它们可能治愈病人的速度较慢，但即使频繁服用它们也没有那么严重的副作用，因为每种药草都是为了帮助病人而开的，不会对肝脏和肾脏造成伤害。根据空后的“but they have less serius side effects”可知，此处应用形容词比较级，表示对比。故填slwer。
8．考查特殊句式。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，此处为 even if 引导的状语从句的省略结构，从句主语与主句主语一致， take 与从句主语 they之间为被动关系，且时态为一般现在时，故此处可还原为even if(they are) taken frequently。故填taken。
9．考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：很明显，无论在西方人看来它们有多么奇怪，中药已经被使用了几千年，并且证明是非常有效的。根据“fr thusands f years”可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语Chinese medicines为复数，且与 use之间为被动关系。故填have been used。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：推广这些珍贵的遗产是我们的责任。结合句意可知， it在句中作形式主语，应用不定式作真正的主语。故填t prmte。