专题18 自动驾驶技术-2024年中考一轮复习英语热点话题梳理题型专练(通用版)

这是一份专题18 自动驾驶技术-2024年中考一轮复习英语热点话题梳理题型专练(通用版)，文件包含18自动驾驶技术原卷版docx、18自动驾驶技术解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
1
Driving caches（教练）might sn be replaced by AI in the near future. A cmpany in China has develped an AI-pwered driving cach called RbCach, and it has already been used in driving schls.
Hwever, RbCach is nt a human-like rbt that sits next t yu and criticizes yur driving skills. The digital（数字的）driving cach develped by Beijing Yi Jia Jia Technlgy is actually a teaching and safety cntrl system（系统）put int the car.
The ther way in which RbCach differs frm human driving caches is even mre interesting, thugh. RbCach will call yu as “mmmy” r “daddy”, which is surprisingly funny fr a system.
Besides the vice, the system uses a screen and a smart mirrr t cmmunicate with the learner. RbCach uses sensrs（传感器）t slw dwn if the car runs int an bject r speeds up suddenly fr n reasn, similar t hw self-driving cars wrk.
“The RbCach has mre than 40 different sensrs n the car t sense peple, ther cars and rads, “Yi Jia Jia’s funder Ma Hng tld Abacus, “It cmmunicates with learners and makes prper decisins and instructins. “
The car als has radar（雷达）systems fr faster decisin making, he said. The system isn’t just keeping new drivers frm running int bjects. It als cllects infrmatin n the learner’s driving behavir. It reads these driving habits in real time t see if the learner is calm r easy t get mad during practice and then changes its teaching style. By recrding all the prblems a learner has during lessns, the system will help the new driver crrect past mistakes and prevent new nes.
The RbCach has recently been used in five driving instructin centers, which are wned by Yi Jia Jia’s parent cmpany Hebei Lian Investment, as well as 22 ther driving schls acrss China.
1. It can be learned frm the passage that RbCach ________.
A. will be used in driving schls snB. lks like a rbt sits next t the learner
C. is a safety cntrl system in the carD. plays the rle as learners’ parents
2. The radar system in the car is used fr ________.
A. cmmunicating with the cars nearbyB. making decisins after thinking fr a lng time
C. teaching learners when t change driving waysD. chsing prper teaching style fr drivers
3. The underlined wrd “nes” in Paragraph 6 refers t “________”.
A. learnersB. mistakesC. carsD. lessns
4. The purpse f the passage is mainly t ________.
A. encurage peple t get driver’s licensesB. shw a different way t stp car accidents
C. make RbCach knwn arund the wrldD. intrduce a new technlgy f learning driving
2
①In the past ten years, AI-driving（人工智能驾驶）has achieved an imprtant milestne in develpment（发展）. The first AI-driving bus went n a rad test in Shenzhen in 2017. Changsha became the first city in China t use AI-driving taxis in 2020. And nw, yu can even take an AI-driving taxi in Chngqing.
②In an AI-driving car, AI plays the driver’s rle. A special tl is put at the frnt and sides f the car t get infrmatin frm the rad, and then send it t the central part t make decisins and drive the car.
③AI culd be a “better driver” than humans because its reactin（反应）time is much shrter than humans’. Als, unlike humans, AI never gets tired after lng-time driving s there is n fear（担心）f this prblem. Besides, when tw humans drive t clse n a rad and ne has t slw dwn t avid（避免）an accident, bth wuld like the ther t d s, and this is a big prblem because they cannt talk t each ther. Hwever, that prblem will nt happen t tw AI-driving cars because they culd “talk” thrugh the clud and decide which ne shuld slw dwn.
④Hwever, there are mre unknwn things n real rads. Fr example, there is a chance that bad peple may get int the car and drive it fast.
⑤The biggest prblem fr AI is nt abut learning t remember rad signs, but abut whether（是否）it can have a gd reactin in sudden and unexpected situatins（突发情况）. Peple still wrry abut sme safety prblems that we didn’t even think abut, but after mre rad tests, it is ging t d better.
⑥Althugh there are still sme prblems that need t be slved, we can already see AI-driving cars n the rad. We believe they are ging t be widely used ne day. We can just keep waiting and hpe t meet them in the near future.
5. AI culd be a better driver than humans because it ________.
①can react in a shrter time ②has fear f nthing
③never gets tired ④can drive better in unexpected situatins
⑤can “talk” thrugh the clud t avid accidents
A. ①②③B. ①③⑤C. ①④⑤D. ②③④
6. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. Changsha is the first city in China t test the AI-driving bus n the rad.
B. AI never gets tired after lng-time driving but peple d.
C. Bad peple can easily get int an AI-driving car and drive fast.
D. The AI-driving car may nt react well if it meets a hrse crssing the rad.
7. What is the purpse f writing this passage?
A. T ask peple t buy AI-driving cars in the future.
B. T tell peple the use f AI in driving cars.
C. T shw that AI-driving cars have a bright future.
D. T find ut the danger f AI-driving cars n real rads.
8. Which f the fllwing shws the structure f this passage?
（①=Para.（自然段）1 ②=Para. 2 ③=Para. 3 ④=Para. 4 ⑤=Para. 5 ⑥=Para. 6）
A. B.
C. D.
3
Lk! Here cmes a cute bus. It lks like a panda with black ears and big eyes. It can carry 22 peple and is abut 12 meters lng. A Chinese cmpany made it. Peple call it Smart Panda Bus.
The Smart Panda Bus uses AI technlgy (科技). It can d many things. The bus can drive by itself. _____ Dn’t wrry! It’s very safe. When yu get n the bus, yu can swine (刷) yur hand. The bus will read yur handprint and knw wh yu are. There are als rbts n the bus. Yu can talk t them and ask them fr help. If there is a thief (小偷) n the bus, the bus will call the plice. On the bus, there is a vending machine. Yu can buy snacks and drinks n the bus. This can save yu much time.
Peple in sme cities, such as Changzhu in Jiangsu, Jinan in Shangdng and Deyang in Sichuan, can take the bus. D yu want t take the bus? Mre cities in China will put the bus int use. I think sn yu can take the bus in yur city.
9. Which f the fllwing can be put in ________?
A. It desn’t need an driverB. Peple can ask the plicemen fr help
C. It desn’t carry pepleD. Peple can buy many things n the bus
10. What’s the meaning f the dined wrds “vending machine”?
A. 自动消毒器B. 自动报警器C. 自助存款机D. 自助贩卖机
11. Frm the passage we knw that ________.
A. yu can see the plicemen n the bus
B. the bus is abut twenty-tw meters lng
C. peple can take the bus in sme cities f China
D. the bus can read yur face and knw where yu’re ging
12. The writer wrte the passage t ________.
A. sell (卖) this Smart BusB. intrduce (介绍) this cute bus
C. shw his lve f the Al technlgyD. teach peple t buy fd n the bus
13. The best title fr the passage is ________.
A. AI TechnlgyB. A Chinese Cmpany
C. The Smart Panda BusD. The Bus Withut a Thief
4
Technlgy (科技) can help t d many things. Here are sme f the technlgies at the Chengdu FISU Wrld University Games (成都大运会).
The “Rngba” rbt, named after the Games’ masct (吉祥物), is panda-shaped with big eyes. It is the wrld’s first service rbt t take emergency kits (急救箱), but als act as a guide t shw visitrs the way.
In the Universiade Village, peple can take self-driving new energy buses (无人驾驶新能源巴士) between the village and the sprts grund. “Great,” ne f the student players said. Anther ne said that it was great t feel China’s smart technlgies.
Cling technlgies help the vlunteers (志愿者) a lt when they have t wrk in the pen air in the ht weather in Chengdu. They can wear cling clthes made f a special material (材料). In space engineering, peple use this kind f material fr cling.
These technlgies are gd fr the envirnment and make the Chengdu FISU Wrld University Games smart and green. Peple arund the wrld can have wnderful experiences in Chengdu.
14. What can the “Rngba” rbt d?
①Take emergency kits.
②Play games with visitrs.
③Drive visitrs t the village.
④Shw visitrs the way.
A. ①②B. ②③C. ③④D. ①④
15. Why d the vlunteers wear the cling clthes?
A. T keep cl.B. T lk cl.C. T be special.D. T be guides.
16. Hw many technlgies des the writer talk abut in the passage (文章)?
A. Tw.B. Three.C. Fur.D. Five.
17. Frm the passage, we knw ________ is true.
A. these technlgies are the newest in the wrld
B. peple in Chengdu made these new technlgies
C. these technlgies are friendly t the envirnment
D. peple will use these technlgies in ther cuntries
5
Wuld yu like t live in a city where buildings turn the lights ff fr yu, and self-driving cars will find the nearest parking space themselves? Althugh it might sund a little far frm yu, wrried living in a “smart” city like this culd happen sner than yu think.
Great changes have taken place in twns that we have lived in fr centuries, while cmpletely new cities are being built. One such place is the city f Sngd. Every hme there will have a “telepresence system (远程遥控系统)”—allwing users t cntrl (控制), take part in vide meetings, and receive educatin, escalatrs (自动扶梯) will nly mve when smene is n them (连接) t the system.
The great mind behind Sngd is frm the cmpany Cisc. In fact, technlgy cmpanies arund the wrld such as IBM.
Abut 75% f the wrld’s ppulatin will live in cities by 2050, s cities will need t be mre mdern t deal with the cming prblems. “Making cities smarter is ne way ut, and I think this will in turn make cities greener.” said Dan Hill, head f a research cmpany.
18. What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut? ________
A. City f the future.
B. A meeting in Sngd.
C. A plan t build a huse.
D. A reprt n public health.
19. Which statement wuld the writer mst prbably agree with? ________
A. Living in a “smart” city is nt a green way.
B. Living in a “smart” city will be far frm peple.
C. Living in a “smart” city will sn becme true.
D. Living in a “smart” city is cmpletely impssible.
20. What is the benefit (益处) f making cities smarter? ________
A. Making cities smarter drives peple ut f cities.
B. Making cities smarter develps many cmpanies.
C. Making cities smarter can cntrl the wrld’s ppulatin.
D. Making cities smarter may slve the cities’ cming prblems.
21. Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the passage? ________.
A. Future Huses
B. Smart Cities
C. Gvernment Services
D. Famus Cmpanies
6
Culd yu imagine being in a car driven by a cmputer, nt a human? Nwadays, China has made a big step tward self-driving technlgy. Since August, driverless taxis can run n rads in Wuhan, Chngqing and Shenzhen.
Why d we develp self-driving cars? Self-driving cars have many advantages (优点). They use cmputers t sense the things arund them and make better use f space. This means fewer crwded rads and better parking f cars. Fr disabled r blind peple, self-driving cars can als help them get arund mre easily.
Accrding t US Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin, each year, mre than 1. 35 millin peple are killed n rads arund the wrld. Many mre are hurt in accidents. Self-driving cars culd reduce (减少) rad accidents by 90 percent and save gvernments a lt f mney. The main cause f car accidents is human errr. By using cmputers, self-driving cars dn’t make pr decisins r lse attentin like humans d.
But self-driving cars aren’t perfect. If smething unexpected n the rad happens, self-driving cars can’t react as fast as a human driver can. Als, during weather events like heavy snw, self-driving cars wuld be hard t see the lines n the rad. It might lead t an accident.
It’s clear that there is a lt f wrk t d t make self-driving cars ppular n ur rads. And China is taking the lead in making this happen.
22. Accrding t the passage, which is nt the advantage f self-driving cars?
A. They have cmputers t sense the things arund them.
B. They dn’t cause t much heavy traffic.
C. They make it hard t park cars.
D. They can help disabled r blind peple t get arund easily.
23. The underlined wrd “errr” in the third paragraph means ________.
A. educatin.B. effrt.C. mistake.D. mind.
24. Accrding t the passage, we can infer (推断) ________.
A. self-driving cars can slve all the prblems.
B. self-driving cars can perfrm as well as a human car driver.
C. self-driving cars can sense the lines n the rad n snwy days.
D. self-driving cars can be seen mre ften in the future.
25. Hw is the text rganized?
A. B. C. D.
7
What’s ging t happen in the future? Will rbts cntrl ur planet? Will cmputers becme smarter than us? Nt likely. But here are sme things that scientists say are mst likely t happen in 10-30 years frm nw, accrding t the BBC.
Binic (仿生的) eyes
They are n lnger smething nly in a science fictin mvie. Peple wh are blind may have a chance t see things clearly—by wearing binic eyes.
A blind eye can n lnger sense light, but a binic eye can use a camera t “see” the envirnment and send infrmatin t the mind. Nw the binic eye nly allws patients t see lights and unclear shapes. A binic eye with very clear pictures culd be just in a few years away.
Digital mney
We used t pay with cash fr everything we bught. Nw when we use a Wechat Pay r Alipay t shp, mney is spent withut us seeing it. That means we are already using digital mney. Peple nly need t take a mbile phne wherever they g. Using these ways is much easier than searching ur pckets fr change. It is als safer than carrying a lt f cash.
It’s reprted that peple in Sweden cmpletely stpped using cash last year, and the US might be next.
Self-driving cars
Unlike a human driver, a self-driving car wn’t be influenced by a phne call, the radi r smething utside the windw. Sensrs (探测器) and cameras n the car wuld allw it t fllw the rules f the rad and keep a safe space frm ther cars. This wuld greatly make the number f rad accidents smaller. Yu culd even take a rest while the car drives itself. In the future, driverless cars wuld be widely accepted.
26. Which f the fllwing payments is nt mentined in this passage?
A. Cash.B. Wechat Pay.C. Alipay.D. Credit card.
27. Binic eyes send infrmatin t the _______.
A. cmputerB. cameraC. mindD. heart
28. This passage tells us that _______.
A. binic eyes nly appear in the science fictin films
B. the blind wearing binic eyes may see clearly in the future
C. self-driving cars will be influenced by smething utside
D. there will be n accident at all if self-driving cars are used
29. We can infer (推断) that ______ frm the passage.
A. the blind culd use glasses t see things arund
B. rbts wuld cntrl the wrld
C. there wuld be a number f self-driving cars n the rad
D. we wuld live a hard life with digital mney
8
Whether frm news reprts r scial media articles, yu may knw that 5G is cming.
5G is the 5th generatin (代) netwrk. It is a new netwrk after 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G. It can cnnect everyne and everything tgether. 5G netwrks will cver many cities in China sn. 5G means super—fast data speed. One can dwnlad a tw-hur mvie fr fewer than 10 secnds, and it is making ur lives mre and mre cnvenient.
5G will make self-driving cars pssible. Fr safety, self-driving cars need super—fast data transmissin (传输) t cmmunicate with their nearby envirnment. 5G is just what makes self-driving cars achieve this. Even airplanes will becme “smart” in the near future. Passengers will be able t use 5G netwrks in the air t cnnect t the Internet and rder fd and drinks.
5G will be a big help t students wh take nline classes. Many peple live in pr areas in the wrld where there are n schls. But with 5G, this will change. Students all ver the wrld will be able t see places like the Great Wall withut leaving their rms.
It will be als easier fr dctrs t treat patients remtely by 5G. It means caring fr patients frm far away.
The facts listed abve are nly a part f what 5G will make pssible and ppular. Just as in the early days f the Internet in the 1990s, few culd see hw it culd change ur life and the wrld. The same will surely be true f 5G. With 5G, many things d nt seem like dreams any mre. Nw let’s get ready t say gdbye t 4G and welcme the cming f 5G.
30. Hw lng may it take t dwnlad a tw-hur mvie with 5G?
A. 8 secnds. B. 10 minutes. C. 2 hurs. D. 15 secnds.
31. The underlined wrd “remtely” means “________” in Chinese.
A. 高效地B. 远程地C. 科学地D. 快速地
32. 5G will make the fllwing things mre and mre ppular EXCEPT ________.
A. self-driving carsB. “smart” airplanesC. nline classesD. hspitals withut dctrs
33. What can we knw frm the last paragraph?
A. 4G is n mre used in ur daily life nw.
B. The writer is wrried abut the cming f 5G.
C. With 5G, sme f ur dreams will cme true fr sure ne day.
D. In the 1990s, all the peple believed that the Internet wuld change ur life.
34. What’s the best title fr the text?
A. The develpment f 5GB. The influence f 5G
C. The advantages f 5GD. The cming f 5G
二、完形填空
1
What wuld the wrld be like if cars culd drive themselves? If yu see an empty car stp t 35 its wner, what wuld yu think? Or if yu see a car full f passengers and the passengers are reading, listening t music r even sleeping, but 36 f them are wrried, d yu feel fantastic?
Well, all f this culd be the future f 37 . There are several cmpanies wrking n driverless cars. If they succeed, these electric, self-driving cars culd be available very sn. But, hw is it 38 fr a car t drive itself?
Nwadays, the cars have already taken ver sme f the drivers’ 39 , such as parking themselves and slwing dwn when they find bjects nearby. They can als cntrl the speed if there is 40 , such as snwy rads.
Sme cars can even help the drivers deal with sme special situatins. Scientists and engineers believe, 41 the help f new technlgy like cameras and GPS, peple can prduce safer self-driving cars. The number f 42 accidents will be much smaller in the future.
Hwever, there are still sme peple wh d nt like the 43 . American lawyer Whit Dreake, fr example, desn’t 44 these cars are safe. He thinks it is a mistake t develp such cars.
35. A. stay upB. give upC. pick upD. make up
36. A. allB. neitherC. bthD. nne
37. A. ridingB. drivingC. stayingD. running
38. A. pssibleB. cmfrtableC. terribleD. enjyable
39. A. lifeB. studyC. exerciseD. wrk
40. A. mneyB. dangerC. wrkD. help
41. A. tB. atC. withD. fr
42. A. suddenB. happyC. naturalD. serius
43. A. hbbyB. prblemC. ideaD. jb
44. A. believeB. knwC. hpeD. care
2
Artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能) is grwing g rapidly. It is used in many fields and 45 ur lives a lt. AI is a grup f technlgies that help machines get, understand and use 46 t d tasks. With the help f infrmatin, machines wrk mre 47 .
AI’s recent develpments have gt a lt f scial attentin. Sme peple have 48 AI because it makes things pssible. Fr example, AI will have a big effect n areas like medicine and engineering. But this 49 has als prduced a lt f fear. Especially, many wrkers are wrrying that AI culd make them lse their jbs.
Accrding t a recent study, abut five percent f jbs will disappear 50 AI. In sme industries, AI is already ding the wrk that peple used t d, such as assembling (装配) cars, digging the cal 51 lifting gds. Self-driving cars and trucks cntrlled by AI will als 52 the drivers’ jbs in the future.
On the ther hand, AI will als create many 53 jbs fr peple. Mre peple will be needed t write prgrams fr AI systems and they will wrk n them, t.
AI is here. It is changing 54 peple live and wrk in many ways. That makes AI imprtant t watch, nt t fear.
45. A. affectsB. limitsC. destrys
46. A. adviceB. infrmatinC. energy
47. A. freelyB. badlyC. efficiently
48. A. acceptedB. cntrlledC. disliked
49. A. prjectB. machineC. attentin
50. A. instead fB. because fC. thanks t
51. A. andB. whileC. but
52. A. take awayB. give backC. deal with
53. A. awfulB. cheapC. new
54. A. whyB. hwC. what
三、书面表达
55. “AI，人工智能，无人驾驶，智能机器人”最近几年科技掀起一波又一波高潮，给我们生活的方方面面带来着巨大的影响，未来可期，未来又会是什么样子呢？每个人都有自己不同的想象。请以“What will ur life be like in the future？”为题目，从不同角度谈谈你和你的家人对未来生活的展望。80词左右。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________