专题03 气候危机及应对-2024年中考一轮复习英语热点话题梳理题型专练(通用版)

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中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。
03.气候危机及其应对
一、阅读理解
1
Bananas might g away
It’s hard t turn dwn a tasty banana. They taste gd and yu dn’t have t wash them befre eating them. Hwever, British scientists say that the fruit may disappear by 2050.
One reasn fr this is climate change. Scientists at the University f Exeter cllected data frm 27 cuntries and regins that prduce 86 percent f the wrld’s bananas. They fund that climate change has imprved grwing cnditins in 21 f these cuntries. In the past 60 years, the average yield has reached 1.37 tns f bananas per hectare.
Hwever, if temperatures keep rising, this advantage will disappear. Ten f the cuntries, including India, the wrld’s biggest prducer f bananas, will prduce fewer bananas. By 2050, the fruit may die ut.
Shuldn’t bananas grw mre easily if it’s htter utside? In fact, the perfect temperature range fr grwing bananas is between 24 and 32 C. If temperatures get t high, they will stp grwing.
Diseases are anther danger t bananas. Unlike ther crps, the bananas we grw cme frm sht cuttings rather than seeds. This means that all banana plants have the same gentype. In ther wrds, if a disease is able t kill ne plant, it culd kill them all.
One serius disease is called Panama. Caused by fungus in the sil, it spreads easily. It has spread acrss Suth Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Australia. If ne banana plantatin suffers frm the disease, it will take 30 years until it is able t grw bananas again. Scientists have yet t find a cure fr this disease.
1. What des the underlined wrd “this” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Peple’s lve fr bananas.B. The taste f bananas.
C. The cnvenience f eating bananas.D. The future disappearance f bananas.
2. What might happen if temperatures keep ging higher?
A. Mre cuntries will start t grw bananas.
B. Bananas will grw better in mst cuntries.
C. Bananas will nt be able t grw any mre.
D. Bananas wn’t be as tasty as befre.
3. What des Paragraph 5 tell us?
A. What diseases bananas may suffer frm.B. Hw bananas are grwn.
C. Hw diseases can easily kill bananas.D. Which diseases can kill bananas.
4. What can we knw frm the last paragraph?
A. Sme banana plantatins may disappear because f Panama.
B. It wn’t take lng fr scientists t find a cure fr Panama.
C. Bananas are widely grwn in Africa and Middle East.
D. It’s nt easy t grw banana trees in Suth Asia.
5. What’s the purpse fr the writer t write the passage?
A. T ffer tips fr grwing bananas.B. T explain why bananas may die ut.
C. T shw the difficulties f grwing bananas.D. T describe bananas' grwing cnditins.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍香蕉这种美味的食物可能在未来消失的原因。
1. 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“Hwever, British scientists say that the fruit may disappear by 2050.”可知this指的是“这种水果到2050年可能会消失”的原因。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。由第四段最后一句“If temperatures get t high, they will stp grwing.”可知如果温度太高，它们就会停止生长。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。由第五段开头首句可知“疾病是香蕉的另一个危险。”故可知这一段的内容与疾病有关，故选C。
4. 细节理解题。由全文最后一段最后一句“Scientists have yet t find a cure fr this disease.”可知“科学家尚未找到治疗这种疾病的方法。”故可知香蕉种植可能因为巴拿马这种疾病而消失，故选A。
5. 推理判断题。本文介绍了香蕉这种美味的食物可能在未来消失的原因，故本文作者写作目的是“解释了为什么香蕉会消失”。故选B。
2
In English, “as dead as dd” means smene r smething is ttally, unquestinably dead. But the dd, stubby (矮，胖的) bird that has been extinct (灭绝的) fr hundreds f years, may nt be dead anymre!
US cmpany Clssal Bisciences said it wuld try t bring the dd back t life. The bird used t live n the island f Mauritius (毛里求斯) in the Indian Ocean until the 17th century.
The place t bring back the dd wuld be Mauritius. Ben Lamm, the c-funder f the cmpany tld The Guardian. Bringing back dds int the ecsystem (生态系统) f the island, instead f being a newcmer t smewhere else, is thught t bring benefits t the plants and animals that already live there.
The cmpany has fund the genetic cde (基因序列) f the extinct animals frm their dead bdies. It will change the DNA f currently living animals t make them clse t the animal f the past. The Nicbar pigen (尼可巴鸠) will be used as the genetic base fr the dd, accrding t MIT Technlgy Review.
The cmpany als plans fr ther extinct animals, such as the mammth (猛犸象). They believe that mammths intrduced t the Arctic (北极) culd help with climate change as they turn the wet tundra (苔原) int sunlight-reflecting dry grasslands by eating the grass, accrding t The New Yrker.
Hwever, sme peple dn’t like the idea. With a third f all bird species in decline (减少), prtecting tday’s species is needed mre than fcusing n animals f the past, said BBC Science Fcus.
6. If “as dead as a dd” is used t describe smene’s phne, it means the phne is ______.
A. lstB. ut f pwerC. nice and fancyD. hard t use
7. Why did the cmpany chse Mauritius as the dds’ living place?
A. Because the island is set as a research place fr new species.
B. Because dds wn’t have natural enemies n the island.
C. Because they used t live there and may benefit the ecsystem.
D. Because the island has the best ecsystem in the wrld.
8. Hw will the cmpany bring the dd back?
A. By changing the clsest bird’s DNA t make it similar t the dd’s.
B. By prducing dds with DNA frm their dead bdies.
C. By cmbining dds’ DNA with mammths’ DNA.
D. By changing the dead dds’ DNA t make them rebrn.
9. Accrding t the last paragraph, BBC Science Fcus agrees that ______.
A. the number f bird species has drpped much faster than ther species
B. fcusing n endangered animals is mre imprtant than extinct nes
C. bringing extinct animals back t life is meaningful fr tday’s species
D. it is impssible t bring extinct animals back t life exactly as they were
【答案】6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B
【解析】本文主要介绍了美国一家公司计划改变尼可巴鸠的DNA将灭绝数百年的渡渡鸟重新带回毛里求斯的生态系统，但杂志《BBC科学聚焦》认为保护当今的物种比灭绝的动物更重要。
6. 推理判断题。根据“In English, ‘as dead as dd’ means smene r smething is ttally, unquestinably dead.”可知，“像渡渡鸟一样死了”用于指某人或某物死了或不再使用；用于描述手机时，指手机因无电力而不工作。故选B。
7. 细节理解题。根据“The bird used t live n the island f Mauritius (毛里求斯) in the Indian Ocean until the 17th century.”和“Bringing back dds ... is thught t bring benefits t the plants and animals that already live there.”可知，毛里求斯被选作渡渡鸟的栖息地，是因为它们曾在这里生活，而且它们的回归会给已经生活在那里的植物和动物带来好处。故选C。
8. 推理判断题。根据“... It will change the DNA f currently living animals t make them clse t the animal f the past. The Nicbar pigen (尼可巴鸠) will be used as the genetic base fr the dd”可知，公司在死去的渡渡鸟身上找到了它们的基因序列，通过改变尼可巴鸠的DNA，使其与渡渡鸟的基因序列接近，从而创造出渡渡鸟。故选A。
9. 推理判断题。根据“With a third f all bird species in decline (减少), prtecting tday’s species is needed mre than fcusing n animals f the past, said BBC Science Fcus.”可知，《BBC科学聚焦》认为保护当今的物种比关注过去的动物更有必要；因此B选项“如今处于危险中的动物比灭绝的动物更重要”可能是他们赞同的观点。故选B。
3
Learning abut the envirnment is very imprtant. There are many gd bks that will help yu learn. T get started, ask yur teacher r a librarian fr sme suggestins. Yu can als lk at sme gd websites with infrmatin abut the envirnment and climate change. Climate change may be a big prblem, but there are many little things we can d t make a difference.
Driving a car r using electricity is nt wrng. We just have t be smart abut it. Sme peple use less energy by carpling. Fr example, fur peple can ride tgether in ne car instead f driving fur cars t wrk. Whenever we use electricity, we put greenhuse gases int the air. By turning ff lights, the televisin and the cmputer when they aren’t needed, yu can help a lt.
Dn’t buy prducts that use t much energy. Sme prducts, like certain cars, are made specially t save energy. These dn’t pllute as much, either. Prducts like cmputers, TVs, and VCRs with the ENERGY STAR label (标签) R are made t save energy. Buying prducts with these labels will help prtect the envirnment.
Buy recyclable prducts instead f (代替) nn-recyclable nes. Recyclable prducts are usually made ut f things that have already been used. It usually takes less energy t make recyclable prducts than t make new nes. S when yu g shpping, lk fr the recycle mark n the package—three arrws that make a circle. The less energy we use, the better.
10. The passage is mainly written fr ___________.
A. car prducersB. schl studentsC. parents
11. The underlined wrd “carpling” in paragraph 2 mst prbably means ___________.
A. sharing a carB. pulling a carC. selling a car
12. Frm the passage, we can learn that ___________.
A. turning ff the electricity when it isn’t needed can save a lt f energy
B. electricity will cause great truble t ur envirnment
C. cars using less energy will nt put greenhuse gases int the air
13. Which f the fllwing can be the writer’s pinin?
A. N pains, n gains.
B. Rme was nt built in ne day.
C. Little things can make a big difference.
【答案】10. B 11. A 12. A 13. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何节约能源，保护环境。
10. 细节理解题。根据第一段“ask yur teacher r a librarian fr sme suggestins.”可知，这篇文章是写给学生的，故选B。
11. 词义猜测题。根据“Fr example, fur peple can ride tgether in ne car instead f driving fur cars t wrk.”可知，四个人一辆车，即共享一辆车，carpling的意思是“共享一辆车”，故选A。
12. 细节理解题。根据第二段“By turning ff lights, the televisin and the cmputer when they aren’t needed, yu can help a lt.”可知，在不需要的时候关掉灯、电视和电脑，可以节约很多能源。故选A。
13. 细节理解题。根据第一段“there are many little things we can d t make a difference.”可知，我们可以做很多小事来产生重大影响。故选C。
4
Slving climate change may bring unexpected benefits. There is a special exhibitin - Our Future Planet in Lndn Science Museum. It is abut carbn capture (碳捕集), the new technlgy f getting greenhuse gases (温室气体) frm the atmsphere and emissins frm factries.
The exhibitin shws bttles, tubes, pens and yga mats made frm carbn as well as mdels f the carbn capture machines that can prvide this carbn. They include the Lackner artificial tree which mirrrs the actins f living plants by breathing in carbn dixide (二氧化碳) and exhaling xygen (呼出氧气). It was built by Klaus Lackner. The device is amazing, but its structure is cmplicated and the usage is limited (限制的). Besides, there als are the Swiss Climewrk’s carbn extractr system and a carbn capture device develped at Aberdeen University. All can remve carbn frm air t be used fr alchl r ther prducts.
T help prtect the planet frm the effects f Glbal Warming, we have t d mre than nly stp carbn dixide getting int the atmsphere. We als need t find ways t remve carbn dixide after it has been put there. Simply planting trees and plants will nt be enugh t slve the prblem. Firstly, the machine can be fitted t gas and cal- burning pwer statins and factries and then used t hld back the carbn dixide they wuld emit (排放). The technlgy can als be used t recapture carbn dixide that had already been in the air.
But the exhibitin als makes it clear that even mderately large grups f these devices nw can remve nly a few tens f tnnes f carbn a year- cmpared with the 50 billin tnnes that cars and factries add t the atmsphere every year. S, it’s urgent (紧急的) t develp and use these new technlgies n a large scale (规模) t make a real difference in fighting climate change. Using these n a large scale will be very hard.
Hwever, there is still a hpeful rute. It is like the mbile phne. Twenty years ag, they were expensive and difficult t use but have been imprved upn relentlessly (不停地). These gas- harvesting machines can be imprved upn quickly by generatins, s that they will be cheaper and mre efficient in the future. If we dn’t d smething like that we will be in real truble.
14. In the exhibitin Our Future Planet, visitrs can ________.
A. bk sme latest carbn capture machines
B. learn a new technlgy abut carbn capture
C. slve the prblem f glbal warming by carbn capture
D. see carbn capture prducing bttles in special shapes
15. The carbn capture machines ________.
A. lk like living plantsB. remve carbn frm the air
C. cllect carbn dixide in the airD. reduce cal burning in pwer statins
16. Which sentences shw the latest develpment f carbn capture?
① The carbn capture machines have a simpler structure nw.
② The carbn capture machines are widely fitted in factries nw.
③ The carbn capture machines can remve a few tnnes f carbn a year.
④ Fighting climate change is in need f much mre carbn capture machines.
A. ①②B. ①③C. ③④D. ②④
17. We can infer the writer’s pinin f the carbn capture is that ________.
A. the technlgy f carbn capture is hard t develp
B. the technlgy f carbn capture is useless t develp
C. the carbn capture machines will be cheaper than mbile phnes
D. the carbn capture machines will be imprved quickly like mbile phnes
【答案】14. B 15. B 16. C 17. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了碳捕获技术的发展。
14. 细节理解题。根据第一段“There is a special exhibitin - Our Future Planet in Lndn Science Museum. It is abut carbn capture (碳捕集), the new technlgy f getting greenhuse gases (温室气体) frm the atmsphere and emissins frm factries.”可知，伦敦科学博物馆有一个特别的展览——我们未来的星球。它是关于碳捕获，一种从大气和工厂排放的温室气体中获取温室气体的新技术。即在展览“我们的未来星球”中，游客可以学习碳捕获的新技术。故选B。
15. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The technlgy can als be used t recapture carbn dixide that had already been in the air.”可知，所有这些都可以从空气中去除碳，用于酒精或其他产品。故选B。
16. 细节理解题。根据第四段“But the exhibitin als makes it clear that even mderately large … these new technlgies n a large scale (规模) t make a real difference in fighting climate change.”可知，中等规模的这些设备现在每年能去除几十吨的碳；应对气候变化需要更多的碳捕获机器。故选C。
17. 推理判断题。根据“Hwever, there is still a hpeful rute. It is like the mbile phne. Twenty years ag, they were expensive and difficult t use but have been imprved upn relentlessly (不停地). These gas- harvesting machines can be imprved upn quickly by generatins”可知，然而，仍有一条充满希望的道路。就像手机一样，20年前它们昂贵且难以使用，但经过了不懈的改进，这些气体收集机器可以经过几代人快速改进。由此推知作者认为碳捕获设备将像手机一样得到快速改进。故选D。
5
In the mst suthern part f ur planet, there’s a place that’s cvered with snw and ice all year rund. But it has the clearest and cleanest air. Amazingly, in this place, the sun smetimes hangs even in the midnight sky. This place is Antarctica (南极洲): the cldest, windiest and harshest (恶劣的) place n the Earth.
As the wrld’s least-knwn place, Antarctica is f great interest t scientists arund the wrld. During 30 years, China has sent many scientists t Antarctica. They mstly lk at the resurces under the icy land and d research abut climate change and marine (海洋的) bilgy.
Antarctica is a place with fantastic views. Hwever, life there is very hard. Fd is ne f the biggest prblems. Frzen fd which can be heated easily is peple’s daily fd. Fresh vegetables are hard t grw in the cld weather.
Sleep is als difficult. In Antarctica, summer lasts frm Nvember t March. During this perid, Antarctica pints t the sun and receives sunlight 24 hurs a day. In rder t get sme sleep, scientists cver the windws with black plastic clth t create “night”.
Wrking in Antarctica is dangerus, especially when meeting gale-frce (七级以上的) winds. They can easily blw peple away. S there are rpes that cnnect buildings f sme research statins. Peple can hld these rpes t keep their balance in frceful winds.
What’s mre, cmmunicating with thers is difficult. Withut cables and Internet in sme research statins, tw-way radis are the nly tls t cmmunicate. If peple want t say hell t friends and relatives, they can use satellite phnes.
Althugh it is challenging t wrk in Antarctica, scientists’ passin t learn abut this mysterius land will never end. It is hpeful that ne day they will step every cmer f this icy land.
18. Scientists frm China g t Antarctica t ________.
A. find ut ways t cntrl water pllutinB. grw plants and vegetables in special cnditin
C. research climate change and marine bilgyD. stp the hunters frm killing the marine life
19. In rder t sleep well in Antarctica, the scientists have t ________.
A. wear mre clthes t keep warmB. cver the windws with black clth
C. cnnect research statins with rpesD. eat mre fried and canned vegetables
20. We can replace the underlined wrd “passin” in the last paragraph with ________.
A. full preparatinB. amazing imaginatin
C. pleasant intrductinD. strng lve
21. The passage is mainly abut ________.
A. climate changes f AntarcticaB. explring Antarctica
C. hw t survive in AntarcticaD. views f Antarctica
【答案】18. C 19. B 20. D 21. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍了南极洲—— 一个冰雪全年覆盖的地方。南极洲拥有清新的空气，人们用黑塑料布制造“夜晚”，食物主要是冷冻食品，这里没有互联网，人们主要靠卫星电话沟通，但科学家依旧对这里充满了探索热情。
18. 细节理解题。根据“During 30 years, China has sent many scientists t Antarctica. They mstly lk at the resurces under the icy land and d research abut climate change and marine (海洋的) bilgy.”可知，中国科学家主要研究气候变化和海洋生物。故选C。
19. 细节理解题。根据“In rder t get sme sleep, scientists cver the windws with black plastic clth t create ‘night’ ”可知，为了能够更好地睡觉，科学家们用黑色塑料布盖住窗户。故选B。
20. 词句猜测题。根据“scientists’passin t learn abut this mysterius land will never end”可知，科学家对南极洲的探索热情从未停止，因此科学家对这里充满了强烈的热爱，选项D“强烈的热爱”符合题意。故选D。
21. 主旨大意题。根据“Althugh it is challenging t wrk in Antarctica, scientists’ passin t learn abut this mysterius land will never end. It is hpeful that ne day they will step every cmer f this icy land.”可知，科学家们希望能了解南极洲，探索热情从未停止，因此本文主要内容是探索南极洲。故选B。
6
Our wrld in danger
Thanks t Earth, we have fresh air t breathe, clean water t drink and warm sunshine t enjy. But it seems that we may have cnsidered thse things natural and haven’t realized that ur planet is getting “sick”. Nw scientists have given us a warning.
Mre than 15,000 scientists arund the wrld have written a letter t warn abut envirnmental threats (威胁), the Washingtn Pst reprted.
Amng thse envirnmental challenges, climate change sits at the tp. Glbal average temperatures have risen by mre than 0.5℃since 1992. A half-degree temperature rise is a big deal. It means that heat waves wuld last arund a third lnger and rainstrms wuld be abut a third mre intense (猛烈的). The increase in sea levels wuld be much higher, accrding t NASA. Cuntries like Singapre and Tky that are at lw altitudes (海拔) may be cvered by the cean in the future.
But this is nt the nly prblem peple are facing. It’s getting harder t get fresh water. Ocean pllutin has becme serius. Since 1992, the human ppulatin has grwn by 2 billin, while the ppulatins f all ther animals have drpped by nearly 30 percent.
Scientists say that we are experiencing the sixth mass extinctin (物种大灭绝) in histry. Mre than tw-thirds f the wrld’s wildlife culd be gne by the end f the decade if actin isn’t taken sn, accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund. The Amur lepard (远东豹), black rhin and crss river grilla (克罗斯河大猩猩) are sme f the mst endangered animals.
Hwever, we have made sme prgress by making the hle in the zne layer (臭氧层) smaller. That’s because we gradually stpped using chemicals that can break dwn zne.
This prgress shws that we can make psitive changes when we act decisively, the letter says.
22. What des the underlined wrd “warn” mean?
A. 建议B. 宣布C. 打击D. 警告
23. Glbal average temperatures have risen by________ since 1992.
A. mre than 0.1℃B. less than 0.5℃
C. mre than 0.5℃D. mre than 5℃
24. A half-degree temperature rise is________.
A. nt a big prblemB. gd news fr peple
C. a bad thingD. a usual thing
25. Since 1992, the human ppulatin has grwn while the ppulatins f all ther animals have________.
A. reducedB. grwnC. increasedD. nt changed
26. The purpse f this passage is t________.
A. tell peple the current state f the Earth
B. call n peple t prtect the envirnment
C. display letters written by scientists
D. intrduce climate change
【答案】22. D 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. B
【解析】本篇是一篇说明文。文章讲述了全球多名科学家写信警告人类注意地球环境问题，只有人类果断行动，才能做出积极的改变。
22. 词义猜测题。根据第一、二段的描述可知，地球面临很严重的环境问题，这将对我们人类的生存产生威胁，这件事情很严重，所以科学家们写信为了警告我们，可推断划线词意为“警告”。故选D。
23. 细节理解题。根据“Glbal average temperatures have risen by mre than 0.5℃since 1992.”可知，自1992年以来，全球平均气温上升了0.5摄氏度以上。故选C。
24. 推理判断题。根据“A half-degree temperature rise is a big deal. It means that heat waves wuld last arund a third lnger and rainstrms wuld be abut a third mre intense.”可知，气温上升半度会导致严重的后果，这是一个不好的事情。故选C。
25. 细节理解题。根据“Since 1992, the human ppulatin has grwn by 2 billin, while the ppulatins f all ther animals have drpped by nearly 30 percent.”可知，1992年以来，所有其他动物的数量都下降了。故选A。
26. 主旨大意题。本文通过总分总的结构向我们讲述了地球面临的环境问题和后果，用科学家写的信呼吁人类即刻行动起来保护地球环境。故选B。
7
Nwadays, everyne knws abut the serius threat (威胁) that climate change causes t the earth. But the threat desn’t draw ur attentin as we g abut ur everyday lives. The fact is that climate change is affecting (影响) sme f ur favrite fds and drinks.
Lts f peple start their day with a cup f cffee. But as temperatures keep ging up, they may have t give up the habit. In many cffee-grwing areas, warmer weather has caused illness t cffee plants and made sme places t ht fr the plants t grw in.
Chclate is als at risk. If the climate keeps warming up like this, cca plants culd end up dying ut by the year 2050.
Seafd is als an imprtant fd fr the wrld. Sadly, with warming ceans and higher levels f CO₂, fish are becming fewer in number. Every year, the harvest f fish drps by ver 1000 millin kilgrams.
Climate change als affects crps, such as wheat (小麦), crn (玉米) and rice. They are all being threatened by changing temperatures and drught.
Farmers and scientists have been wrking tgether t prevent these fds and drinks frm disappearing. They have had a lt f success, but it still can’t stp the harm that has been dne. If we dn’t stp climate change, we may have t find replacements fr these fds and drinks in the future.
27. The writer develps (发展) the text by________.
A. telling striesB. listing numbersC. asking questinsD. giving examples
28. What may the underlined wrd “replacements” mean?
A. 替代品B. 实验品C. 营养素D. 增产素
29. Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the text?
A. If the climate keeps warming up, cffee plants culd die ut by 2050.B. Every year, the harvest f crps drps by ver 1000 millin kilgrams.
C. We may have t change ur eating habits if we dn’t stp climate change.D. Farmers and scientists have stpped the harm that climate change has caused.
30. What is the structure (结构) f the text?
A. B. C. D.
31. What may the next part f the text be abut?
A. What fd t eat less.B. Where t plant mre crps.C. Whether t find replacements.D. Hw t stp climate change.
【答案】27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在气候变化的情况下，我们最喜欢的食物和饮料将会受影响。
27. 细节理解题。根据“Lts f peple start their day with a cup f cffee.”、“Chclate is als at risk.”、“Seafd is als an imprtant fd fr the wrld.”和“Climate change als affects crps, such as wheat(小麦), crn(玉米) and rice.”可知，文章的第二段到第五段，主要举了不同的例子。故选D。
28. 细节理解题。根据上文和“If we dn’t stp climate change, we may have t find replacements fr these fds and drinks in the future.”可知，上文介绍了一些食物和饮料在气候变化的情况下，将会受影响，影响它的产量情况，因此此处指的是食物和饮料的替代品。故选A。
29. 细节理解题。根据“If we dn’t stp climate change, we may have t find replacements fr these fds and drinks in the future.”可知，如果我们不能停止气候变化，那么我们将不得不找食物和饮料的替代品，也就是说我们可能不得不改变饮食习惯。故选C。
30. 篇章结构题。根据本文内容可知，第一段是总起段；第二段和第三段介绍了两种饮料的情况；第四段和第五段介绍了海鲜和农作物；第六段总结全文。故选D。
31. 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了在气候变化的情况下，我们最喜欢的食物和饮料将会受影响，文章最后一段通过反面论证的方法告诉我们停止气候变化的必要性，因此下文应当是讨论如何做。故选D。
8
N dubt that students shuld als care abut the wrld that we live in. Martinez is ne f the mst active envirnmentalist amng the yung peple. When his friends are busy with sprts and nline games, he is wrking t save the planet.
S hw des Martinez becme a well-knwn envirnmental activist (活跃分子)?
“I grew up in the family where peple were always thinking abut the envirnment,” says Martinez.
When Martinez was just 6 years ld, he decided he had t d smething abut climate (气候) change—a serius envirnmental prblem. Scientists have been studying climate change fr many years. They knw that Earth’s climate changes n its wn. But right nw, it is changing mre and mre quickly than usual because f pllutin created by peple—by the cars, trucks and planes.
Martinez pints ut that climate change is a serius prblem. “Peple can feel very helpless abut climate change, like there is nthing they can d,” he says. But that is nt true. “Humans caused climate change.” Martinez says. “And we can try t slve it.”
Martinez began lking fr slutins when he was just a little kid. His elder brthers and sisters ran an envirnmental grup called Earth Guardians, which was started by their mm. First, he listened when they had meetings. Sn, he was traveling arund the cuntry and the wrld. His gal? T educate and raise peple up t face the “war” f climate change.
Tday, Martinez runs Earth Guardians. The grup wrks with thusands f kids arund the wrld. He speaks t students in classrms abut steps they can take t help the planet. And he writes and perfrms hip-hp sngs abut the envirnment. Martinez believes that if many peple change their habits, the climate change can be cut dwn.
32. What influenced (影响) Martinez a lt t care abut the envirnment prtectin?
A. His schl.B. His friends.C. The scientists.D. His family.
33. What des the underlined wrd “that” refer t?
A. The idea that peple can pllute the envirnment.
B. The idea that peple can change the envirnment.
C. The idea that peple can d nthing abut climate change.
D. The idea that peple can slve the prblem f climate change.
34. Wh started the Earth Guardians?
A. Martinez.B. Martinez’s sisters.C. Martinez’s brthers.D. Martinez’s mther.
35. What’s the best title fr the passage?
A. A Yung Climate LeaderB. Changes Of A Grup
C. The Climate ChangeD. Martinez and his parents
【答案】32. D 33. C 34. D 35. A
【解析】本文主要讲述了环保人士Martinez通过建立“地球卫士”组织来保护环境的事迹。
32. 细节理解题。根据“I grew up in family where peple were always thinking abut the envirnment”可知，Martinez在家人的影响下，成为了一名环保卫士。故选D。
33. 词句猜测题。根据“‘Peple can feel very helpless abut climate change, like there is nthing they can d,’ he says. But that is nt true.”可知，人们认为他们对于气候变化什么都做不了这种想法是不对的。that指“人们对气候变化无能为力的想法”。故选C。
34. 细节理解题。根据“His elder brthers and sisters ran an envirnmental grup called Earth Guardians, which was started by their mm.”可知“地球卫士”是妈妈发起的。故选D。
35. 最佳标题题。文章主要讲述了环保人士Martinez通过建立地球卫士组织来保护环境的事迹。A选项“A Yung Climate Leader”作标题最合适，故选A。
9
Building a cuntry is never easy. But hw abut destrying it? A new reprt said lng time f climate change can d that. The reprt said Tuvalu will be the first cuntry t be cmpletely lst because f climate change.
Tuvalu is a Pacific island natin with nine islands and 12, 000 peple. It has lng been at risk frm rising sea levels. Nw, 40 percent f the area in its capital is underwater at high tide(涨潮). By the end f the century, it is believed that all the islands will be underwater.
T help with the prblem, the cuntry plans t build its cuntry in the metaverse(虚拟世界). The digital cuntry will recreate the same landscape(景观) and keep its cultural and histrical recrds. N matter where they live in the real wrld, the peple in this cuntry will have their identity(身份) and “live” in its nline cmmunities.
This news made many peple in Tuvalu excited. But Li Zuxi, directr f the metaverse lab f Qingb Intelligent Technlgy, said it may nt be the best slutin.
“Thugh the digital natin belngs t Tuvalu, it’s still built n a metaverse platfrm , ” said Li. “Nw, the metaverse is nt mature(成熟), which may bring sme prblems. ” He gave us an example. If peple frm ther cuntries enter the space f the digital cuntry but just shw their names, hw d peple knw if they d r d nt truly belng t that cuntry?
Li added that instead f trying ur best t build digital natins, it’s better t pay attentin t saving the real wrld nw.
36. What prblem des Tuvalu face?
A. Rising sea levels.B. A drpping ppulatin.C. The lw levels f high tide.D. There is nt enugh water t use.
37. T deal with the prblem, Tuvalu plans t ________.
A. break the cuntry int several parts
B. fight against climate change
C. mve the cuntry t anther island
D. build a digital cuntry nline
38. What d we knw abut Tuvalu in the metaverse?
A. The “new” Tuvalu is larger than the real ne.
B. It has n recrds f culture and histry.
C. Peple can find the same buildings as they are nw.
D. Peple f the “new” Tuvalu have n identity.
39. What is Li Zuxi’s pinin abut the news?
A. The metaverse wrld is safe.
B. He fully supprts the rebuilding f Tuvalu.
C. He calls fr mre cuntries t enter the metaverse.
D. It’s hard t manage a digital cuntry.
40. What can we learn frm the stry?
A. The metaverse will take the place f the real wrld.
B. The metaverse can help t prtect culture.
C. The metaverse has a bright future.
D. Climate change happens mre slwly than befre.
【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C 39. D 40. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了由于气候变化导致海平面上升，图瓦卢将会是第一个被淹没的国家。为了应对这个问题，图瓦卢决定在虚拟世界建立一个数字国家。但是清博智能科技有限公司虚拟世界实验室的主任——李祖希认为这不是最好的解决方法。他认为我们应该关注拯救现实世界，而不是致力于建立数字国家。
36. 细节理解题。根据文中第二段前两句“Tuvalu is a Pacific island natin with nine islands and 12, 000 peple. It has lng been at risk frm rising sea levels.”可知，图瓦卢面临的问题是海平面上升。故选A。
37. 细节理解题。根据文中第三段第一句“T help with the prblem, the cuntry plans t build its cuntry in the metaverse(虚拟世界). ”可知，为了解决这个问题，图瓦卢计划在线建设数字国家。故选D。
38. 细节理解题。根据文中第三段第二句“The digital cuntry will recreate the same landscape（景观） and keep its cultural and histrical recrds. ”可知，人们可以找到和现在一样的建筑。故选C。
39. 推理判断题。根据文中第五段最后两句“He gave us an example. If peple frm ther cuntries enter the space f the digital cuntry but just shw their names, hw d peple knw if they d r d nt truly belng t that cuntry?”可知, 李祖希认为管理一个数字化的国家很难。故选D。
40. 推理判断题。根据文中第三段前两句“T help with the prblem, the cuntry plans t build its cuntry in the metaverse(虚拟世界). The digital cuntry will recreate the same landscape(景观) and keep its cultural and histrical recrds.”可知，元宇宙可以帮助保护文化。故选B。
10
Temperature Ges Up Undergrund
①As climate change brings dangers t peple, we are nw facing anther prblem—undergrund climate change.
②With the develpment f cities, the rising undergrund temperature is causing the grund t heat up and defrm（变形）, reprted by a study team frm Nrthwestern University. In the last three years, the team had put mre than 150 temperature sensrs（感应器）under Chicag. The temperatures they recrded were surprising. Fr example, the team created cmputer mdels t see hw temperatures will influence the grund until 2051.
③The mdels shwed, when heated, the grund may g up by as much as 1.2 centimeters, r g dwn by as much as 0.8 centimeters. This may even cause the grund t break up, leaving peple wh live and wrk abve in dangerus situatins.
④Hwever, Rtta Lria, wh led the study, said in a reprt, “It takes a lng time t see the bad effects.” As scientists have already knwn a lt abut undergrund climate change, future plans fr cities shuld be cnsidered. Materials that take in heat can be used t keep the heat frm entering the grund.
⑤The team als pinted ut that the rising temperature culd be seen as an pprtunity. City planners can try t cllect heat undergrund and send it abve fr heating.
41. Accrding t the passage, what may NOT happen t the grund when heated?
A. It may g up.B. It may g dwn.
C. It may break up.D. It may becme smaller.
42. Hw des the writer develp his idea in paragraph 2?
A. By telling a stry.B. By giving an example.
C. By shwing a picture.D. By raising a questin.
43. What can we infer frm the passage?
A. The undergrund heat may be used t warm the huse in winter.
B. Climate change influences the undergrund temperature.
C. The undergrund temperature has risen t 25℃.
D. The rising undergrund temperature is causing the grund t heat up.
44. Which is the best structure f this passage?
A. B. C. D.
【答案】41. D 42. B 43. A 44. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地下温度不断地上升，给人们带来危险，然而，科学家认为气温上升可能被视为一个机会。城市规划者可以尝试在地下收集热量，并将其输送到上面供暖。
41. 细节理解题。根据“The mdels shwed, when heated, the grund may g up by as much as 1.2 centimeters, r g dwn by as much as 0.8 centimeters. This may even cause the grund t break up, leaving peple wh live and wrk abve in dangerus situatins.”可知，地面受热时，地面可鞥上升，可能下降，甚至破裂，故选D。
42. 推理判断题。根据“In the last three years, the team had put mre than 150 temperature sensrs（感应器）under Chicag.”可知，作者通过在芝加哥的研究证明观点，故选B。
43. 推理判断题。根据“City planners can try t cllect heat undergrund and send it abve fr heating.”可知，城市规划者可以尝试在地下收集热量，并将其输送到上面供暖。故选A。
44. 篇章结构题。根据“As climate change brings dangers t peple, we are nw facing anther prblem—undergrund climate change.”可知，第一段引出说明对象：地下温度不断地上升；根据第二段“With the develpment f cities, the rising undergrund temperature is causing the grund t heat up and defrm”和第三段“The mdels shwed, when heated, the grund may g up by as much as 1.2 centimeters, leaving peple wh live and wrk abve in dangerus situatins.”可知，二、三两段主要介绍了地下温度不断地上升的消极影响；根据第四段“Materials that take in heat can be used t keep the heat frm entering the grund.”和第五段“The team als pinted ut that the rising temperature culd be seen as an pprtunity.”可知，四、五两段介绍了地下温度不断地上升的积极影响，故选C。
11
Summer 2023 has beaten heat recrds wrldwide. On July 6, the average wrldwide temperature reached the highest n recrd.
Scientists are still trying t wrk ut all the reasns fr this summer’s histric heat. But ne thing is certain: it has a lt t d with human-caused climate(气候) change.
Much f this summer’s heat is prbably related t Earth’s ceans, experts say. Oceans wrldwide have been warming fr decades (十年), largely because f the greenhuse gases prduced by humans. The warm ceans can’t take in as much heat frm the atmsphere (大气层). This leaves mre heat in the air, leading t warmer summer weather.
El Nin may als have helped turn up the heat this summer. El Nin happens naturally every several years. It warms the waters f the trpical (热带的) Pacific. But Earth’s new perid f El Nin nly began in June and wn’t be at its strngest fr mnths. S it’s t early t say hw much El Nin has added t the ht weather this summer, researchers say.
Anther pssible reasn fr the high temperatures is the heat waves. Heat waves happen when pwerful winds flw mre slwly thrugh Earth’s atmsphere. This can cause ht pckets f air t stay ver the same places fr days r weeks at a time.
One recent study shwed that human-caused climate change is making heat waves mre cmmn and mre serius. Researchers made cmputer mdels f the wrld with and withut climate change. Then, they cmpared hw ften heat waves wuld happen in each case. The mdels shwed that heat waves are nw expected abut nce every ten years in Eurpe and Nrth America, but they wuld be almst impssible withut climate change.
It’s t early t wrk ut the cst f all that unusual weather. But hundreds f deaths have been reprted arund the wrld. And the great need fr air cnditining has heightened peple’s wrry abut pwer shrtages. Thse prblems will nly becme mre serius as climate change creates mre ht summers like this ne.
45. Oceans wrldwide have been warming fr decades largely because f ________.
A. the new perid f El Nin
B. human-prduced greenhuse gases
C. the strng waves f the trpical Pacific
D. pwerful winds thrugh Earth’s atmsphere
46. What can we learn frm the passage?
A. Scientists have fund a way t deal with climate change.
B. The ht weather in July was mainly caused by El Nin.
C. Climate change may lead t strnger heat waves.
D. Peple are well-prepared fr htter summers.
47. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Wrries abut the greenhuse effect.
B. Reasns behind the heat this summer.
C. Influences f the ht weather this summer.
D. Ways fr scientists t study climate change.
【答案】45. B 46. C 47. B
【解析】本文主要讲述了2023年夏天打破了全球高温记录的具体原因。
45. 细节理解题。根据“Oceans wrldwide have been warming fr decades (十年), largely because f the greenhuse gases prduced by humans.”可知，几十年来，全球海洋一直在变暖，主要原因是人类产生的温室气体。故选B。
46. 细节理解题。根据“One recent study shwed that human-caused climate change is making heat waves mre cmmn and mre serius”可知，气候变化可能导致更强的热浪。故选C。
47. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了2023年夏天打破了全球高温记录的具体原因。故选B。
12
A new study finds climate events such as flding, heatwaves and drught wrsen mre than half f the knwn diseases that infect peple. These diseases include malaria（疟疾）, chlera（霍乱）and anthrax（炭疽）.
Researchers examined medical literature（文献）f established cases f such diseases. They fund ut that 218 ut f the knwn 375 human infectius diseases seemed t be made wrse by extreme weather cnnected t climate change. The study cnnected mre than 1,000 pathways frm climate events t sick peple. In sme cases, heavy rains and flding sicken peple thrugh disease-carrying msquites, rats and deer. Other events, like warming ceans and heatwaves, spil seafd and drughts bring bats carrying viral（病毒性的）infectins t peple.
Medical dctrs, ging back t the days f ancient Greek civilizatin, have lng cnnected disease t weather. But this study shws hw widespread the influence f climate events is n human health. “Climate is changing, and the risk f these diseases is changing,” said Dr Jnathan Patz. “The findings f this study are terrifying and illustrate well the enrmus cnsequences f climate change n human pathgens（病原体）. Humans need t all wrk tgether t prevent disasters frm climate change.”
Camil Mra, a climate data expert, said the study is nt abut predicting future cases. “These are things that have already happened,” he nted. Here’s ne example Mra knws frm his wn experience. Abut five years ag, Mra’s hme in rural Clmbia was flded, creating a breeding grund fr msquites. Mra cntracted Chikungunya, a virus spread by msquit bites. He survived, but he still suffers pain related t the disease. In anther case, the remains f a reindeer which died frm anthrax were unearthed as the Siberian permafrst（永冻土）melted frm warming in 2016. A child tuched the dead animal, gt anthrax, and an utbreak spread.
Dr Aarn Bernstein said the study is a gd warning abut climate and health fr nw and the future. He added, “But f curse, it nly reprts n what we already knw, and what’s yet unknwn abut pathgens may be yet mre cnvincing abut hw preventing further climate change may prevent future disasters like COVID-19.”
48. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Climate disasters make infectius diseases wrse.
B. Climate disasters bring deadly threats t humans
C. Climate disasters cause unknwn infectius diseases.
D. Climate disasters enable viruses t spread acrss the wrld.
49. The examples in Para. 4 are mentined t shw ________.
A. the wide spread f climate-related virusesB. the dangers f disease-carrying animals
C. the real-life impact f climate changeD. the huge damages f infectius diseases
50. The last paragraph suggests ________.
A. mre related researches are neededB. unknwn diseases are the real threat
C. COVID-19 still remains a mysteryD. actins shuld be taken fr preventin
【答案】48. A 49. A 50. D
【解析】本文通过一项研究发现洪水、热浪和干旱等气候事件使一半以上的已知感染人类的疾病恶化，通过这项研究的结果来说明气候变化对人类病原体的巨大影响。人类需要共同努力，防止气候变化带来的灾难。
48. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文通过一项研究发现洪水、热浪和干旱等气候事件使一半以上的已知感染人类的疾病恶化，也就是“气候灾害使传染病更加严重”，故选A。
49. 推理判断题。根据“Abut five years ag, Mra’s hme in rural Clmbia was flded, creating a breeding grund fr msquites. Mra cntracted Chikungunya, a virus spread by msquit bites”及“In anther case, the remains f a reindeer which died frm anthrax were unearthed as the Siberian permafrst（永冻土）melted frm warming in 2016. A child tuched the dead animal, gt anthrax, and an utbreak spread”可知，这两个例子都是为了说明自然灾害之后病毒传播给人类带来的危害，故选A。
50. 推理判断题。根据“what’s yet unknwn abut pathgens may be yet mre cnvincing abut hw preventing further climate change may prevent future disasters like COVID-19.”可知，最后一段是为了说明预防气候变化的重要性，故选D。
13
Flds (洪水), drughts (干旱), strms, ht days…extreme (极端的) weather is becming mre and mre cmmn all ver the wrld.
This is caused by greenhuse gas emissins (温室气体排放) frm human activities, reprted China Daily.
This summer, big strms hit areas f Eurpe. At least 13 peple died in Austria, France and Italy by Aug 19. In Prtugal and Spain, huge muntain fires have frced thusands t leave their hmes.
In the US, mre than 80 percent f the west is in drught, up frm just 20 percent in 2021. Three-quarters f farmers in these areas have stpped grwing fd.
In China, the heat has hit the suth since June. The time f this year’s high temperature will break the 62-day recrd in 2013, becming the lngest heat wave in 61 years.
Extreme weather events are nt nly killing peple and destrying hmes. They als drive mre peple int hunger. Millins in East Africa have little fd t eat tday, accrding t the Wrld Health Organizatin. Fr fur years, there wasn’t enugh rain during its rainy seasns and the land was t dry t grw fd.
Extreme weather has als made 218 f the knwn 375 infectius diseases (传染病) mre serius, including malaria, chlera and anthrax, accrding t the jurnal Nature Climate Change. As viruses (病毒) try t adapt t (适应) higher temperatures, they becme strnger and harder t kill.
51. What d we knw frm the China Daily reprt?
A. The wrld sees less extreme weather than befre.
B. Mst extreme weather cnditins happen in summer.
C. Human activity has caused mre extreme weather.
D. There is n way t stp extreme weather frm happening.
52. What are Paragraphs 3-5 mainly abut?
A. Which cuntry suffers frm extreme weather the mst.
B. Hw many peple died frm extreme weather.
C. Causes f different types f extreme weather.
D. The effects (影响) f extreme weather in different areas.
53. Why are millins f peple suffering frm hunger in East Africa?
A. Because muntain fires destryed their crps.B. Because it didn’t rain at all this year.
C. Because the land is t dry t farm.D. Because extreme weather killed many farmers.
54. Hw des extreme weather make diseases mre serius?
A. It weakens peple’s health.
B. It causes viruses t becme strnger.
C. It ffers mre fd t viruses and serius diseases.
D. It increases the number f infectius diseases.
【答案】51. C 52. D 53. C 54. B
【解析】本文主要讲述了极端天气造成的原因是温室气体的排放，极端天气给人们的生活和生命造成了巨大的伤害。
51. 细节理解题。根据“extreme weather is becming mre and mre cmmn all ver the wrld. This is caused by greenhuse gas emissins frm human activities,”可知，极端天气在全世界变得越来越普遍。这是由人类活动产生的温室气体排放引起的。可见，人类活动造成了更多极端的天气。故选C。
52. 主旨大意题。根据“In Prtugal and Spain, huge wildfires have frced thusands t leave their hmes.”，“Three-quarters f farmers in these areas have stpped grwing fd. ”以及“The duratin f this year`s high temperatures will break the 62-day recrd in 2013, becming the lngest heat wave in 61 years.”可知，根据第三至五段的内容可知，作者列举了极端天气在不同地区的影响。故选D。
53. 细节理解题。根据“Millins in East Africa have little fd t eat tday, accrding t the Wrld Health Organizatin. Fr fur years, there wasn’t enugh rain during its rainy seasns and the land was t dry t grw fd.”可知，根据世界卫生组织的数据，东非数百万人今天几乎没有食物可吃。四年来，雨季没有足够的雨水，土地过于干燥，无法种植粮食。可见，东非数百万人遭受饥饿是因为土地太干了，不能耕种。故选C。
54. 细节理解题。根据“As viruses try t adapt t higher temperatures, they becme strnger and harder t kill.”可知，当病毒试图适应更高的温度时，它们变得更强，更难被杀死。可见，极端天气使疾病更加严重是因为极端天气会导致病毒变得更强。故选B。
14
A team f Chinese scientists and climbers reached the tp f Qmlangma at abut 12:30 p.m. n Tuesday, May 23. It’s the secnd time since last year fr the science expeditin (考察) team t reach the tp.
The team was made up f 13 Chinese scientists and climbers. They set ff at a height f 8,300 metres fr the tp at abut 3 a.m. After mre than 8 hurs f hard climbing, they arrived at the 8,830-metre weather statin.
After fixing steel rpes, changing batteries and putting in wind speed and directin sensrs (传感器), they finished imprving the wrld’s highest autmated(自动化的) weather statin, which was setup by Chinese scientists last year. Besides, they cllected ice-snw samples n the tp fr further research.
The weather statin recrds temperatures, wind speeds and ther key data fr studying climate change. Climate scientists have fund that glbal warming has had a large influence n the glacier number n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (青藏高原).
Over the last fifty years, the temperature n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen abut 0.5℃ every ten years. Studying the ecsystem(生态系统) f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will help scientists have a better understanding f the influence f climate change, and help scientists and the gvernment make prper decisins.
Since the mid-20th century, China has sent different research expeditin teams t Qmlangma. But because f limited resurces and technlgies, many key scientific questins are still unanswered, such as whether glbal warming can melt the ice at the tp f Qmlangma, and hw ecsystem can change as height increases t extremity.
55. Hw many times has the Chinese science expeditin team reached the tp since last year?
A. Once.B. Twice.C. Three times.D. Fur times.
56. Which paragraph best describes the picture belw?
A. Paragraph 1.B. Paragraph 2.C. Paragraph 3.D. Paragraph 4.
57. What des Paragraph 5 mainly talk abut?
A. The way f scientists studying climate change.
B. The effrt f gvernment t slve climate change.
C. The influence f climate change n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
D. The imprtance f studying ecsystem f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
58. What can we knw frm the passage?
A. The team set f fat a height f 8,830 metres fr the tp at abut 3 a.m.
B. The team cllected rck samples n the tp fr further research.
C. China has setup the wrld's highest autmated weather statin s far.
D. All the key scientific questins have been answered up t nw.
【答案】55. B 56. B 57. D 58. C
【解析】本文主要讲述了中国科学家利用气象站去研究珠穆朗玛峰的气候变化情况以及全球变暖对青藏高原的影响。
55. 细节理解题。根据“ It’s the secnd time since last year fr the science expeditin (考察) team t reach the tp.”可知，自去年以来，中国科学考察队登顶了两次，故选B。
56. 推理判断题题。根据图片的展示可知，图片展示的是科学家和登山者到达气象站的情况，与第二段表达的内容一致，故选B。
57. 段落大意题。根据“Over the last fifty years, the temperature n the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has risen abut 0.5℃ every ten years. Studying the ecsystem(生态系统) f the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau will help scientists have a better understanding f the influence f climate change, and help scientists and the gvernment make prper decisins.”可知，本段主要是介绍研究青藏高原的生态系统的重要性，故选D。
58. 细节理解题。根据“After fixing steel rpes, changing batteries and putting in wind speed and directin sensrs (传感器), they finished imprving the wrld’s highest autmated(自动化的) weather statin, which was setup by Chinese scientists last year.”可知，到目前为止，中国已经建立了世界上最高的自动化气象站。故选C。
15
As the effects f climate change becme mre disastrus, well-knwn research institutins（机构）are fcusing new mney and attentin n an idea: artificially（人工地）cling the planet, in the hpes f buying humans mre time t cut greenhuse gas emissins（排放）.
That strategy, called slar geengineering, includes reflecting mre f the sun’s energy back int space—reducing glbal temperatures in a way that is similar t the effects f ash cluds flwing ut frm the vlcanic eruptins（火山喷发）. The idea has been cnsidered as a dangerus slutin, as researchers n glbal warming wrry that it wuld encurage peple t keep burning fssil fuels（化石燃料）while bringing unexpected and harmful side effects t the planet, prducing mre hurricanes, wildfires, flds and ther disasters.
But as glbal warming cntinues, sme researchers and plicy experts say that wrries abut geengineering shuld be utweighed by the great need t better understand it, in case climate change will becme s terrible that the wrld can’t wait fr better slutins.
By slar geengineering, ne way t cl the earth is t put aersls（气溶胶）int the upper part f the atmsphere where the aersls reflect sunlight away frm the earth. That prcess wrks, accrding t Duglas MacMartin, a researcher at Crnell University.
“We knw with 100% certainty that we can cl the planet,” he said in an interview. “What’s still unclear,” he added, “is what happens next.” Temperature, MacMartin said, is seen as a sign f climate effects. “What des it d t the strength f hurricanes?” he asked, “What des it d t agriculture prductin? What des it d t the risk f frest fires?”
Anther institutin supprted by the Natinal Science Fundatin will study hundreds f similar prcesses f aersl injectin, testing the effects n weather extremes arund the wrld. One gal f the research is t lk fr a sweet spt: the amunt f artificial cling that can reduce extreme weather events withut causing brader changes in reginal rainfall patterns r similar impacts.
59. Why d researchers wrk n cling the earth?
A. T prevent natural disasters.
B. T win time t reduce greenhuse gas emissins.
C. T create vlcanic eruptins.
D. T encurage mre peple t burn fssil fuels.
60. What are researchers wrried abut in terms f glbal warming?
A. Mre vlcanes will thrw ut.
B. Mre slar energy will g int space.
C. There will be mre disasters in the future f the wrld.
D. Peple will stp burning fssil fuels t keep warm.
61. What can we infer frm Duglas’ wrds in an interview?
A. Mre research remains t be dne as much is still unclear.
B. He is ptimistic abut the result f cling the earth.
C. He is wrried abut the reductin in agriculture prductin.
D. He disagrees with the practice f slar geengineering.
62. What des “sweet spt” in the last paragraph mean?
A. The rainfall pattern f a regin.B. The number f extreme weather events.
C. The mdest（适度的）drp in temperature.D. The needed amunt f aersl.
【答案】59. B 60. C 61. C 62. C
【解析】本文主要讲述全球气候变化带来各种灾难性的天气，政府和相关研究机构提出的各种可能的应对办法。
59. 细节理解题。根据“artificially（人工地）cling the planet, in the hpes f buying humans mre time t cut greenhuse gas emissins（排放）.”可知是为减少温室气体排放争取时间。故选B。
60. 细节理解题。根据“The idea has been cnsidered as a dangerus slutin, as researchers n glbal warming wrry that it wuld encurage peple t keep burning fssil fuels（化石燃料）while bringing unexpected and harmful side effects t the planet, prducing mre hurricanes, wildfires, flds and ther disasters.”可知研究人员全球变暖后未来的世界将会有更多的灾难。故选C。
61. 推理判断题。根据“What des it d t agriculture prductin? What des it d t the risk f frest fires?”可推断出他担心农业产量的减少。故选C。
62. 词句猜测题。根据“the amunt f artificial cling that can reduce extreme weather events withut causing brader changes in reginal rainfall patterns r similar impacts.”（可以减少极端天气事件的人工降温量，而不会引起更大范围的区域降雨模式变化或类似影响。）以及选项可知，要寻找一个温度的适度下降点。故选C。
二、完形填空
1
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The human ppulatin n the earth grws larger each year. As a result, mre and mre fd needs t be grwn in rder t 63 everyne. Because f climate change, this task is becming even mre difficult.
T slve this prblem, sme experts（专家） 64 a research prject. They spent several years cmmunicating with farmers. They wanted t see what prblems farmers were having and hw these prblems culd be slved. This 65 the creatin f special rbts. These rbts mve arund n farms and 66 detailed infrmatin abut crps. They can take pictures f plants, track（追踪）each plant’s 67 and measure its size. In this way, farmers will be able t prduce mre fd by imprving the cnditin f each plant.
In the past, 68 farmers did have infrmatin abut the sil and the weather, they didn’t have the time r ability t track each plant. Nw, 69 these rbts, they can.
By cllecting detailed infrmatin abut plants, experts 70 that cmputers can help farmers make predictins（预测）abut hw their plants will grw.
Studying each plant culd end up saving time and mney. Fr example, if rbts can detect（发现）which plants have 71 , farmers can quickly get rid f these plants befre they are able t affect 72 plants. The detailed infrmatin will als allw farmers t nly fertilize（施肥）and water the plants in need.
63. A. impressB. raiseC. feedD. influence
64. A. carried utB. brke utC. came utD. fund ut
65. A. devted tB. paid attentin t
C. led tD. lked frward t
66. A. giveB. cllectC. directD. mark
67. A. shapeB. appearanceC. ageD. grwth
68. A. untilB. thughC. whenD. if
69. A. frB. thrughC. withD. thrughut
70. A. wrryB. suggestC. wnderD. believe
71. A. diseasesB. warmthC. feelingsD. breath
72. A. farB. nearbyC. livelyD. lasting
【答案】
63. C 64. A 65. C 66. B 67. D 68. B 69. C 70. D 71. A 72. B
【解析】本文主要讲述了因为气候变化，种植更多的粮食变得更加困难，但是因为机器人的出现，可以帮助解决这个问题。
63. 句意：因此，为了养活每个人，需要种植越来越多的食物。
impress使铭记；raise提升；feed喂养；influence影响。根据上文“The human ppulatin n the earth grws larger each year.”可知，地球上的人口每年都在增长。因此，人们需要种植越来越多的食物来养活每个人。故选C。
64. 句意：为了解决这个问题，一些专家进行了一个研究项目。
carry ut实施；break ut爆发；cme ut出来、出版；find ut发现。根据“research prject”可知此处讲的是科学家为了解决问题实施了一项研究项目。故选A。
65. 句意：这导致了特殊机器人的诞生。
devte t致力于；pay attentin t注意；lead t导致；lk frward t盼望。根据前面一句“They wanted t see what prblems farmers were having and hw these prblems culd be slved.”可知，科学家想解决让农民种植更多的庄稼且不会危害环境这个问题导致特殊机器人的诞生。故选C。
66. 句意：这些机器人在农场里四处走动，收集有关农作物的详细信息。
give给；cllect收集；direct指导；mark标记。根据“By cllecting detailed infrmatin abut plants…”可知，此处是说机器人收集信息。故选B。
67. 句意：他们可以拍摄植物的照片，跟踪每种植物的生长并测量其大小。
shape形状；appearance外貌；age年龄；grwth生长。根据“measure its size”可知此处讲的是机器人能够追踪每棵植物的生长。故选D。
68. 句意：在过去，虽然农民有关于土壤和天气的信息，但他们没有时间或能力跟踪每棵植物。
until直到；thugh虽然；when当……的时候；if如果。根据“In the past,…farmers did have infrmatin abut the sil and the weather, they didn’t have the time r ability t track each plant.”可知前后句是转折关系，空处填“虽然”符合语境，故选B。
69. 句意：现在，有了这些机器人，他们可以了。
fr为了；thrugh通过；with有；thrughut遍及。根据第三段可知，科学家发明了机器人帮助农民种植庄稼，所以此处讲农民有了机器人帮忙种植庄稼。故选C。
70. 句意：专家们相信，通过收集有关植物的详细信息，计算机可以帮助农民预测他们的植物将如何生长。
wrry担心；suggest建议；wnder想知道；believe相信、认为。根据前文“By cllecting detailed infrmatin abut plants…”可知，此处讲的是通过收集有关植物的详细信息，所以应是相信计算机可以帮助农民做出关于植物将如何生长的预测。故选D。
71. 句意：例如，如果机器人能够检测出哪些植物有疾病，农民就可以在这些植物影响附近的植物之前迅速将其清除。
disease疾病；warmth温暖；feelings感受；breath呼吸。根据“farmers can quickly get rid f these plants”可知此处是说如果机器人可以发现哪些植物生病了，所以农民才要除掉它们。故选A。
72. 句意：例如，如果机器人能够检测出哪些植物有疾病，农民就可以在这些植物影响附近的植物之前迅速将其清除。
far远的；nearby附近的；lively生气勃勃的；lasting持久的。根据常识可知，生病的植物，它们能够影响附近的植物。故选B。
2
Enjy that cup f cffee while yu can. Sme British scientists recently did sme 73 n cffee. They fund mre than half f all cffee species (物种) in the wild culd sn disappear n the earth. S cffee is 74 .
By 2050, the scientists say, nly half f the cffee farmland will be left. Wild cffee will 75 by 2080. Sme f the mst ppular kinds f cffee are in danger, t. Arabica, fr example, culd disappear in 60 years.
That’s 76 news fr cffee farmers. There are mre than 120 millin cffee farmers arund the wrld. Many f them live in the wrld’s prest cuntries. They depend n cffee fr 77 . Cffee lvers will als see changes. Their favrite drink will becme mre and mre 78 .
S why is cffee in danger? Scientists say the 79 include climate (气候) change and tree-cutting. Cffee needs a frest t 80 . Hwever, t much tree-cutting is nw happening arund the wrld. Rising temperatures and increased rainfall are making cffee 81 t grw. And illnesses that influence cffee plants are spreading faster because f climate change.
Maybe all f us shuld think abut the influences f climate change n cffee prductin. 82 , climate change is n lnger abut the future. It’s abut the present.
73. A. shppingB. dishesC. readingD. studies
74. A. in publicB. in trubleC. n shwD. n sale
75. A. disappearB. dubleC. increaseD. return
76. A. wrngB. tuchingC. terribleD. relaxing
77. A. livingB. drinkingC. travellingD. training
78. A. expensiveB. beautifulC. healthyD. ppular
79. A. purpsesB. standardsC. reasnsD. prices
80. A. grwB. hideC. restD. shine
81. A. crwdedB. peacefulC. impssibleD. perfect
82. A. HappilyB. SuddenlyC. LuckilyD. Clearly
【答案】
73. D 74. B 75. A 76. C 77. A 78. A 79. C 80. A 81. C 82. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了野生咖啡品种濒临灭绝的现状以及造成这种状况的原因。
73. 句意: 一些英国科学家最近对咖啡进行了一些研究。
shpping购物；dishes餐具；reading阅读；studies研究。根据下文“they fund”可知，他们进行的是研究，故选D。
74. 句意：因此咖啡正处于（灭绝的）麻烦中。
in public在公开场合；in truble处于麻烦之中；n shw展览陈列；n sale降价出售。根据前句“They fund mre than half f all cffee species (物种) in the wild culd sn disappear n the earth”可知咖啡处于风险之中。故选B。
75. 句意：到2080年，野生咖啡品种将会消失。
disappear消失；duble加倍；increase增长；return返回，归还。根据“Arabica, fr example, culd disappear in 60 years”，咖啡会在2080年之前消失。故选A。
76. 句意: 对于咖啡农来说，这是消息。
wrng错误的；tuching感人的；terrible糟糕的；relaxing令人放松的。根据上文“By 2050, the scientists say, nly half f the cffee farmland will be left. Wild cffee will disappear by 2080”可知，野生咖啡品种逐渐消失的消息对于咖啡农来说是糟糕的。故选C。
77. 句意：他们依靠咖啡生存谋生。
living生存，生活；drinking喝；travelling旅游；training训练。根据上文“ There are mre than 120 millin cffee farmers arund the wrld. Many f them live in the wrld’s prest cuntries“可知他们靠咖啡谋生，故选A。
78. 句意：他们最爱的饮品咖啡将越来越贵。
expensive昂贵的；beautiful 美丽的；healthy健康的；ppular受欢迎的。根据上文“By 2050, the scientists say, nly half f the cffee farmland will be left. Wild cffee will disappear by 2080”可知咖啡将会越来越少，因此咖啡将越来越贵，故选A。
79. 句意：科学家说咖啡面临危险的原因包括气候变化以及树木砍伐。
purpses目的；standards标准；reasns原因；prices价格。结合上文“why is cffee in danger?“可知，此空用来回答上句，故选C。
80. 句意：咖啡需要一片森林才能生长。
grw成长；hide隐藏；rest休息；shine闪耀。结合上文给出的原因之一tree-cutting，可知咖啡需要一片森林才能生长，故选A。
81. 句意：温度升高和降雨增加使咖啡无法生长，
crwded拥挤的；peaceful平静的；impssible不可能的；perfect完美的。根据“S why is cffee in danger”可知，本段分析的是影响咖啡生长的不利因素，故选C。
82. 句意：显然，气候变化已不再是关乎未来的事情。
Happily开心地；Suddenly突然；Luckily幸运地；Clearly清楚地。根据“climate change is n lnger abut the future. It’s abut the present”可知，气候变化不再只是与未来有关，而是与现在有关，这一情况很明显，故选D。
三、书面表达
83. 近些年，全球气候变暖受到广泛关注。越来越多的人为阻止全球变暖做出贡献。因此一种新的生活方式诞生了——低碳生活。作为中学生，我们可以做些什么来节约能源呢？请根据以下要点，用英语写一篇倡议书，建议人们爱惜资源，节能减排。
内容要点如下：
1.绿色出行；
2.离开房间时，关掉电器；
3.随手关水龙头，重复利用水；
4.充分使用纸张，少用塑料袋；
5.补充一至两点个人想法。
注意：
1.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
2.词数：80左右；
3.内容连贯，不要逐条翻译；
4.标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：reuse v. 重复使用 tap n. 水龙头 plastic bag 塑料袋
Live a Lw-carbn Life
The climate is getting warmer and warmer, it’s time fr us t live a lw-carbn life. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Live a Lw-carbn Life
The climate is getting warmer and warmer, it’s time fr us t live a lw-carbn life. When we g utside we can take public transprtatin such as subway r g t schl by bike. Turn ff the light r TV when we leave hme. Water is imprtant fr human beings, s remember t turn ff the tap when yu dn’t use it and try t reuse the water. We shuld make full use f paper instead f plastic bags. Besides, t make ur city greener, we can plant trees. Trees can absrb carbn dixide and release xygen.
Let’s lead a lw-carbn life!
【写作分析】1.题干解读：本题为材料作文，要求根据题目所给要点提示，写一篇关于低碳生活的倡议书，所给要点必须全部包含，并且要适当进行拓展。
2.写作指导：写作时人称应用第一人称，时态应用一般现在时。题目所给要点必须全部包含，但不要逐条翻译，要注意句与句之间衔接过渡自然，避免出现单词拼写及语法时态方面的错误。