2025版高考英语一轮复习真题精练专题一阅读理解热考主题7生态环保课件

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮复习真题精练专题一阅读理解热考主题7生态环保课件，共23页。PPT课件主要包含了Passage 1，Passage 2，Passage 3，Passage 4，Passage 5 ，Passage 6 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
话题：四个护林员项目　主题语境：人与自然　词数：约255　难度：★★★☆☆
[2023新课标Ⅱ卷·A]Yellwstne Natinal Park ffers a variety f ranger prgrams thrughut the park, and thrughut the year. The fllwing are descriptins f the ranger prgrams this summer.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne (May 26 t September 2)Whether yu’re hiking a backcuntry trail (小径), camping, r just enjying the park’s amazing wildlife frm the rad, this quick wrkshp is fr yu and yur family. Learn where t lk fr animals and hw t safely enjy yur wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyn Village Stre.Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 t August 21)Kids can test their skills and cmpare their abilities t the animals f Yellwstne. Stay fr as little r as lng as yur plans allw. Meet in frnt f the Visitr Educatin Center. Canyn Talks at Artist Pint (June 9 t September 2)Frm a classic viewpint, enjy Lwer Falls, the Yellwstne River, and the breathtaking clrs f the canyn (峡谷) while learning abut the area’s natural and human histry. Discver why artists and phtgraphers cntinue t be drawn t this special place. Meet n the lwer platfrm at Artist Pint n the Suth Rim Drive fr this shrt talk.Phtgraphy Wrkshps(June 19 & July 10)Enhance yur phtgraphy skills — jin Yellwstne’s park phtgrapher fr a hands-n prgram t inspire new and creative ways f enjying the beauty and wnder f Yellwstne.
6/19‒Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Pint.7/10–Wildflwers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking f the fur prgrams begins the earliest?A.Phtgraphy Ranger Wildlife Talks at Artist Wildlife in is the shrt talk at Artist Pint abut?A.Wrks f famus f wild phtgraphy f the canyn will the participants meet fr the July 10 phtgraphy wrkshp?A.Artist Pint.B.Washburn Village Stre.D.Visitr Educatin Center.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了美国黄石国家公园的四个护林员项目。1.D　理解具体信息　对比四个项目的时间信息可知，Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne是最早开始的(May 26)。故D项正确。2.D　理解具体信息　根据Canyn Talks at Artist Pint部分中的"while learning abut the area’s natural and human histry"及本段最后的"fr this shrt talk"可知，这个简短的演讲是关于Canyn这个地方的历史的。故D项正确。3.B　理解具体信息　根据Phtgraphy Wrkshps部分中的" at Washburn Trailhead"可知，7月10日参加者要在这里碰面。故B项正确。
话题：人类与大自然互动　主题语境：人与自然　词数：约255　难度：★★★★☆
重视生态环保[2023新课标Ⅱ卷·D]As cities balln with grwth, access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find. If yu’re lucky, there might be a pcket park near where yu live, but it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild.Past research has fund health and wellness benefits f nature fr humans, but a new study shws that wildness in urban areas is extremely imprtant fr human well-being.The research team fcused n a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-gers, asking them t submit a written summary nline f a meaningful interactin they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissins, cding (编码) experiences int different categries. Fr example, ne participant’s experience f "We sat and listened t the waves at the beach fr a while" was assigned the categries "sitting at beach"and "listening t waves."Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f categries the researchers call a "nature language" began t emerge. After the cding f all submissins, half a dzen categries were nted mst ften as imprtant t visitrs. These include encuntering wildlife, walking alng the edge f water, and fllwing an established trail.Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take part in the activities that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them. Fr example, the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be satisfying fr a yung prfessinal n a weekend hike in the park. Back dwntwn
during a wrkday, they can enjy a mre dmestic frm f this interactin by walking alng a funtain n their lunch break."We’re trying t generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactins back int ur daily lives. And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it," said Peter Kahn, a senir authr f the phenmenn des the authr describe at the beginning f the text?A.Pcket parks are nw ppular.B.Wild nature is hard t find in cities are verppulated.D.Peple enjy living clse t did the researchers cde participant submissins int categries?A.T cmpare different types f park-gers.B.T explain why the park attracts analyze the main features f the park.D.T find patterns in the visitrs’ can we learn frm the example given in paragraph 5?A.Walking is the best way t gain access t peple are t busy t interact with same nature experience takes different nature language enhances wrk shuld be dne befre we can interact with nature accrding t Kahn?A.Language study.B.Envirnmental educatin.D.Intercultural cmmunicatin.
【解析】 作者通过对一项新的研究结果及其过程的描述，向读者介绍了与大自然互动对人类健康的重要性，同时也指出要保护大自然。1.B　理解具体信息　题干问的是在文章开头作者描述的是什么现象。根据第一段中的"access t nature fr peple living in urban areas is becming harder t find"(城市居民越来越难以接触大自然)以及"it’s unusual t find places in a city that are relatively wild"(在一个城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)可知，在城市里很难接触大自然。故B项正确。2.D　推断　题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原因。根据第四段第一句话"Acrss the 320 submissins, a pattern f t emerge"(在320份提交的材料中，一种被研究人员称为"自然语言"的类别模式开始出现)可知，研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故D项正确。3.C　推断　题干问的是我们从第五段所举的例子中可以学到什么。根据第五段所举的例子"the experience f walking alng the edge f water might be funtain n their lunch break"可知，年轻的职业人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行，周内可以沿着喷泉散步，用不同的形式去体验自然，即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。故C项正确。
4.B　理解具体信息　题干问的是在我们与大自然互动之前，我们应该做些什么。根据最后一段Kahn的话 "And fr that t happen, we als need t prtect nature s that we can interact with it"(为了实现这一点，我们还需要保护自然，以便与之互动)可知，我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然，故B项正确。
【二次精读】　　核心单词：access n.通道，通路，入径；(使用或见到的)机会，权利　submissin n.提交(或呈递)的文件、建议等；(向法官提出的)看法，意见　established adj.已确立的，已获确认的，确定的　dmestic adj.本国的，国内的；家用的；享受家庭乐趣的　generate vt.产生，引起核心短语：fcus n专注于，关注　take part in参加，参与熟词生义：balln 常用义：n.气球，热气球 文章义：vi.(突然)膨胀，涨大The sheet flapped and ballned in the wind.被单在风中飘动，被吹得鼓鼓的。难句分析：Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps peple recgnize and take 动词-ing形式作主语 which引导的非限制性定语从句part in the activities (that are mst satisfying and meaningful t them).  that引导的限制性定语从句译文：命名每一种自然体验都会创造出一种可用的语言，这种语言帮助人们识别并参与对他们来说非常满意、非常有意义的活动。
话题：降低太阳能电池板对环境的影响　主题语境：人与自然　词数：约320　难度：★★★★★
环保与农业[2023年1月浙江卷·D]Accrding t the Slar Energy Industries Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed (安装) has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil."Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs," says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE) prject. "They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy." InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t "lw-impact" slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities —and nw there are guidelines
fr slar farms.Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. "These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape," says d slar develpers ften ignre?A.The decline in the demand fr slar energy.B.The negative impact f installing slar rising labr cst f building slar farms.D.The mst recent advances in slar des InSPIRE aim t d?A.Imprve the prductivity f lcal farms.B.Invent new methds fr cntrlling slar prjects envirnmentally friendly.D.Prmte the use f slar energy in rural is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?A.T cnserve pllinatrs.B.T restrict slar diversify the ecnmy.D.T ensure the supply f f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?A.Pllinatrs: T Leave r t StayB.Slar Energy: Hpe fr the FutureC.InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD.Slar Farms: A New Develpment
【解析】 随着太阳能的普及，越来越多的太阳能电池板被安装在各个社区，这不可避免地给环境，尤其是农业环境，带来消极影响。1.B　理解具体信息　根据第二段内容可知，太阳能开发者们想要尽可能快速和廉价地安装太阳能电池板，所以他们不太考虑如何处理电池板下的环境。他们往往会在下面放一些碎石，而且用除草剂除草，这给环境带来了破坏。所以B项"安装太阳能电池板的消极影响"符合题意。2.C　理解具体信息　根据第三段中的"InSPIRE is the land"可知，InSPIRE项目正在寻求对环境影响小的发展太阳能的方式，力求做到"对土地友好"。所以C项"使太阳能项目环保"符合题意。3.A　理解具体信息　明题意：本题问"第四段中提到的法律的目的是什么?"→做推断：根据第四段第二句可知，有超过28个州通过了与传粉昆虫栖息地保护和杀虫剂使用有关的法律→定答案：所以A项"保护传粉昆虫"符合题意。
4.D　理解主旨要义(标题判断)　文章第一、二段主要指出目前存在的问题：太阳能电池板对环境尤其是农业环境的消极影响。第三段给出了解决方案：建立和经营对土地更友好的太阳能农场。第四、五段介绍了传粉昆虫友好型太阳能农场建设的积极影响。所以纵观全文，关键词应该是slar farms，所以D项是最佳选项。
【易错点拨】　　A项是比较容易误选的干扰项，因为文章后半部分有很大篇幅专注于pllinatrs。但是从全文的角度看，pllinatrs是slar farms这个关键词下的次要关键词，不足以统领全文。
话题：减少食物浪费　主题语境：人与自然　词数：约340　难度：★★★★☆
[2022新高考Ⅰ卷·B]Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.In a wrld where nearly 800 millin peple a year g hungry, "fd waste ges against the mral grain," as Elizabeth Ryte writes in this mnth’s cver stry. It’s jaw-drpping hw much perfectly gd fd is thrwn away — frm "ugly" (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grcers t large amunts f uneaten dishes thrwn int restaurant garbage cans.Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it. That makes fd waste an envirnmental prblem. In fact, Ryte writes, "if fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third largest prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld."If that’s hard t understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back f my refrigeratr. Mike Curtin sees my arugula stry all the time — but fr him, it’s mre like 12 bxes f dnated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO f DC Central Kitchen in Washingtn, D.C., which recvers fd and turns it int healthy meals. Last year it recvered mre than 807,500 punds f fd by taking dnatins and cllecting blemished(有瑕疵的) prduce that therwise wuld have rtted in fields. And the strawberries?
Vlunteers will wash, cut, and freeze r dry them fr use in meals dwn the rad.Such methds seem bvius, yet s ften we just dn’t think. "Everyne can play a part in reducing waste, whether by nt purchasing mre fd than necessary in yur weekly shpping r by asking restaurants t nt include the side dish yu wn’t eat," Curtin des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?A.We pay little attentin t fd waste.B.We waste fd unintentinally at waste mre vegetables than meat.D.We have gd reasns fr wasting is a cnsequence f fd waste accrding t the text?A.Mral decline.B.Envirnmental shrtage.D.Wrldwide starvatin. 3.What des Curtin’s cmpany d?A.It prduces kitchen equipment.B.It turns rtten arugula int clean helps lcal farmers grw fruits.D.It makes meals ut f unwanted des Curtin suggest peple d?A.Buy nly what is needed.B.Reduce fd shpping nce a week.D.Eat in restaurants less ften.
【解析】 在每年有近8亿人挨饿的世界上，"食物浪费违背了道德准则"。令人瞠目结舌的是，很多很好的食物被扔掉了——从"丑陋"(但还可以吃)的被食品杂货店店主丢弃的蔬菜，到大量没食用就被扔进餐馆垃圾桶的菜肴。作者用种种事例呼吁人们不要浪费食物。1.B　推断　题干问的是"作者想要通过讲芝麻菜的故事表达什么?"。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第一段。根据第一段的最后一句可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地买了太多；作者本可以用扔掉的芝麻菜做六份沙拉。由此可推知，我们有时会无意中浪费食物。故选B项。2.B　理解具体信息　题干问的是"根据文本内容，食物浪费的一个后果是什么?"。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第三段。根据第三段第一句可知，生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源，这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知，食物浪费的一个后果是环境危害。故选B项。3.D　理解具体信息　题干问的是"Curtin的公司是做什么的?"。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第四段。根据第四段中的"Curtin is in fields"可知，该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食物。去年它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807 500磅的食物，否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可知，Curtin的公司把一些人们不需要的食物变成可以吃的健康食物。故选D项。
4.A　理解具体信息　题干问的是"Curtin建议人们做什么?"。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的最后一段。根据最后一段中Curtin说的话可知，Curtin建议人们通过仅购买所需食品，以及要求餐馆不提供顾客不吃的配菜来减少食物浪费。故选A项。
【二次精读】　　核心单词：mindful adj. 留心的；记住的；警觉的　reject v.拒绝 rt v. 腐烂核心短语：rund ut 完成　end up ding sth. 以……而告终　thrw ut 扔掉　turn sth. int sth.将某物转变为某物词缀变形：dnate v. 捐赠→dnatin n. 捐赠物难句分析：Prducing fd that n ne eats wastes the water, fuel, and ther resurces used t grw it.分析：Prducing fd是动名词短语作主语，that n ne eats是that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，过去分词短语used t grw it 是the water, fuel, and ther resurces的后置定语。译文：生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源。
话题：照顾两只幼虎　主题语境：人与自然　词数：约315　难度：★★★☆☆
[2021新高考Ⅱ卷·B]I have wrked as a keeper at the Natinal Z fr 11 years. Spt and Stripe are the first tiger cubs (幼兽) that have ever been brn here. Glbally, a third f Sumatran cubs in zs dn’t make it t adulthd, s I decided t give them rund-the-clck care at hme.I’ve gt tw children — the yunger ne, Kynan, was extremely happy abut the tigers arriving — but all f us really lked frward t being part f their lives and watching them grw. I wasn’t wrried abut bringing them int my hme with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed abut 2.5 kg and were s small that there was abslutely n risk.As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they’d get up t mischief. We’d cme dwn in the mrning t find they’d turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z. Things quickly gt very intense due t the huge amunt f energy required t lk after them. There were sme tugh times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there t help. We had t have a bit f a prductin line ging, making up "tiger milk", washing baby bttles, and cleaning the flrs.When Spt and Stripe were fur mnths ld, they were learning hw t pen drs and jump fences, and we knew it really was time fr them t g. It was hard fr us t finally part with them. Fr the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappinted that the cubs weren’t there.
I’m nt sad abut it. I’m hands-n with them every day at the z, and I d lk back very fndly n the time that we had did the authr bring the tiger cubs hme?A.T ensure their survival.B.T bserve their teach them life skills.D.T let them play with his d the underlined wrds "get up t mischief" mean in paragraph 3?A.Behave badly.B.Lse their sundly.D.Miss their did the authr think f raising the tiger cubs at hme?A.Bring.B.Tiring.C.Cstly. did the authr decide t send Spt and Stripe back t the z?A.They frightened the children.B.They became difficult t annyed the neighbursD.They started fighting each ther.
【解析】 作者是动物园的饲养员。由于在动物园出生的幼虎死亡率太高，作者决定把两只幼虎带回家看养，全家齐上阵照顾这两只幼虎。幼虎四个月大的时候不再适合圈养了，作者不得不把它们送回动物园。1.A　理解具体信息　根据第一段中的"Glbally, a third f at hme"可知，在动物园出生的苏门答腊幼虎死亡率太高，所以作者才把两只幼虎带回家照顾，从而确保它们存活。故A项正确。2.A　理解词汇　根据第三段尾句可知，这两只幼虎很顽皮，把房间搞得天翻地覆。由此可推知，作者一家人睡觉的时候会把两只幼虎放在大房间里，否则，它们会捣乱。故A项正确。B项"迷路"；C项"酣睡"；D项"思念妈妈"。3.B　理解具体信息　根据第四段中的"There tired"可知，作者认为看养幼虎是令人疲惫的。故B项正确。4.B　推断　根据第三段和第五段的内容可知,当这两只幼虎长到4个月大时，它们学会了开门和翻篱笆。由此可推知，很难再把它们圈养起来，所以作者决定把它们送回动物园。故B项正确。
话题：用废旧塑料做雕塑　主题语境：人与自然　词数：约275　难度：★★★★☆
重视生态环保[2021全国乙卷·C]Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpcalypse," a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源) f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled "Trucklad f Plastic," Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒) frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic are Vn Wng’s artwrks intended fr?A.Beautifying the city he lives in.B.Intrducing ec-friendly public attentin t plastic waste.D.Reducing garbage n the des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?A.T shw the difficulty f their recycling.B.T explain why they are vice his views n mdern art.D.T find a substitute fr effect wuld "Trucklad f Plastic" have n viewers?A.Calming.B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing. f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?A.Artists’Opinins n Plastic SafetyB.Media Interest in Cntemprary ArtC.Respnsibility Demanded f Big CmpaniesD.Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
【解析】 艺术家Benjamin Vn Wng关注塑料污染导致的环境问题，他用回收而来的废旧塑料制品创作雕塑作品，以期唤起人们对塑料制品的关注，提高人们对改善环境问题的参与意识。1.C　理解具体信息　根据第一段的最后一句"He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts"可知，艺术家Vn Wng制作雕塑的目的是迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，即关注塑料废弃物造成的问题。2.A　推断　根据第三段的内容，尤其是其中的"Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源) f plastic f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled"可知，全球仅有9%的塑料废弃物被回收利用，而且作者特别说明了塑料吸管因为小和轻而无法被回收。由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论塑料吸管的问题是为了说明塑料吸管回收的困难。故选A。3.B　推断　根据第四段的内容可知，通过2018年的一件作品，Vn Wng想要说明一项明确的数据：每60秒就有一卡车的塑料进入海洋。为了这件名为"Trucklad f Plastic"的作品，Vn Wng和一群志愿者收集了一万多件塑料，然后这些塑料被捆到一起，就像它们是一起从卡车上倒下来的一样。这一作品直观展现了塑料污染的严重性，会令人不安，故选B。disturbing"令人不安的，令人震惊的"。