2025版高考英语一轮复习真题精练专题一阅读理解热考主题5社会现象与热点课件

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮复习真题精练专题一阅读理解热考主题5社会现象与热点课件，共17页。PPT课件主要包含了Passage 1，Passage 2，Passage 3，Passage 4等内容，欢迎下载使用。
话题：可持续的生活方式　主题语境：人与社会　词数：约345　难度：★★★☆☆
[2023年1月浙江卷·B]Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn. I experienced this when I started switching t a zer waste lifestyle five years ag, as I was living with my parents, and I cntinue t experience this with my husband, as he is nt cmpletely zer waste like me. I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.Zer waste was a radical lifestyle mvement a few years back. I remember shwing my parents a vide f Bea Jhnsn, sharing hw cl I thught it wuld be t buy grceries with jars, and have s little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars f zer waste grceries, and my dad cmmented n hw silly it was fr me t carry jars everywhere. It came ff as a bit discuraging.Yet as the mnths f reducing waste cntinued, I did what I culd that was within my wn reach. I had my wn bedrm, s I wrked n remving things I didn’t need. Since I had my wn tiletries(洗漱用品), I was able t start persnalising my rutine t be mre sustainable. I als ffered t ck every s ften, s I prtined ut a bit f the cupbard fr my wn zer waste grceries. Perhaps yur husehld wn’t entirely make the switch, but yu may have sme cntrl ver yur wn persnal spaces t make the changes yu desire.
As yu make yur lifestyle changes, yu may find yurself wanting t speak up fr yurself if thers cmment n what yu’re ding, which can turn itself int a whle husehld debate. If yu have individuals wh are nt n bard, yur wrds prbably wn’t d much and can ften leave yu feeling mre discuraged.S here is my advice: Lead by d the underlined wrds "jump n that bandwagn" mean in the first paragraph?A.Share an apartment with yu.B.Jin yu in what yu’re yur way f living.D.Help yu t make the was the attitude f the authr’s father tward buying grceries with jars?A.He disapprved f it.B.He was sympathetic t was tlerant f it.D.He didn’t care abut can we infer abut the authr?A.She is quite gd at cking.B.She respects thers’ enjys being a husewife.D.She is a determined is the text mainly abut?A.Hw t get n well with ther family t have ne’s wn persnal space at t live a zer waste lifestyle in a t cntrl the budget when buying grceries.
【解析】 作者在最开始尝试"零浪费"生活方式时，家人并不理解她的做法，但她仍然坚持并建议读者用行动引领生活方式的转变。1.B　理解词汇　根据画线部分前的"Live with rmmates?""Have friends and family arund yu?"及"lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle"提及的对更加可持续的生活方式的渴望，再根据下文描述的作者在生活方式的选择上与家人不同时的经历可推断，此处表示当你想选择更加可持续的生活方式时，不是身边的所有人都会加入其中，故B项与画线词组的意思最为接近。2.A　理解观点、态度　根据第三段中的"my dad cmmented everywhere"可知，父亲对作者在"零浪费"生活方式上做的尝试并不赞同，故A项正确。3.D　推断　根据第三段中的"hw silly it was""a bit discuraging"可知，作者在最开始尝试可持续生活方式时并不顺利，未获得家人支持。根据第二段中的"I experienced waste like me"及下文内容可知，作者仍然坚持自己的"零浪费"生活方式。由此可知，虽然在生活方式上的转变未获得家人的支持，但她依然坚持，可见她是一个意志坚定的人，故D项正确。
【二次精读】　　 核心单词：radical adj. 全新的；彻底的；激进的 核心短语：cmment n 作出评论　prtin sth. ut 把……分成若干份　speak up fr 明确表态；说好话，辩护　n bard 支持词缀变形：sustainable adj. 不破坏生态平衡的；可持续的→sustain v. 维持，使保持　persnalise v. 为个人特制→persnalised adj. 个性化的难句分析：I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging  非限制性定语从句if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut (hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld). 　条件状语从句 hw引导的宾语从句译文：然而，在这一过程中，我学到了一些东西。如果你正尽最大努力弄明白如何在一个并非总是支持你的家庭中做出改变的话，我希望你能从中得到鼓舞。
4.C　理解主旨要义(文章大意)　文章第一、二段讲述了在家庭生活中实行"零浪费"生活方式可能遭遇反对，第三、四段讲述了作者自身如何通过行动在家庭中改变生活方式，第五段讲述了当你改变生活方式时，你可能遭遇的情况，第六段讲述了作者给读者的建议，再根据第二段尾句中的"hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld"可知，文章主要内容与如何在家庭生活中实现"零浪费"生活方式有关，故C项正确。
话题：英国征收糖税　主题语境：人与社会　词数：约290　难度：★★★★☆
具有探讨性[2022全国乙卷·D]The Gvernment’s sugar tax n sft drinks has brught in half as much mney as Ministers first predicted it wuld generate, the first fficial data n the plicy has shwn.First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity(肥胖).It is believed that tday’s children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a higher risk f the disease.Initially the sugar tax was expected t make ￡520m a year fr the Treasury. Hwever, data f the first six mnths shwed it wuld make less than half this amunt.At present it is expected t generate ￡240m fr the year ending in April 2019, which will g t schl sprts.It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商) s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers’effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities(设施) and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its was the sugar tax intrduced?A.T cllect mney fr schls.B.T imprve the quality f prtect children’s health.D.T encurage research in did sme drinks cmpanies respnd t the sugar tax?A.They turned t verseas markets.B.They raised the prices f their cut dwn n their prductin.D.They reduced their prducts’sugar which f the fllwing is the sugar tax cllected?A.Mst alchlic drinks.B.Milk-based juices.D.Classic can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?A.It is a shrt-sighted decisin.B.It is a success benefits manufacturers.D.It upsets custmers.
【解析】 本文介绍了英国政府通过对部分软饮料征收含糖税来降低儿童肥胖率，并直接将税收用于改进学校体育设施和保证更健康的饮食。1.C　理解具体信息　根据第二段中的"First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml,was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity(肥胖)"可知，征收含糖税是为了保护孩子的健康。2.D　理解具体信息　根据第四段中的"It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商)s they can avid paying the tax"可知，一些饮料制造商为避税，降低了所生产饮料的含糖量。3.D　理解具体信息　根据第五段中的"Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla"以及"Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax"可知，果汁饮料、奶制品饮料、大部分含酒精饮料是免征含糖税的，而可口可乐公司是一些高含糖量饮料的生产商，由此推断出Classic Cke是需要缴税的。
【二次精读】　　核心单词：cnsume v. 消耗；吃；喝　initially adv. 开始；最初核心短语：bring in 赚得；挣　apply t适用于；申请　fr fear f唯恐，以免词缀变形：adptin n. 采用；领养→adpt v. 正式通过，表决采纳；采用； 领养熟词生义：cntent 常用义：n. 内容；目录She hadn’t read the letter and s was unaware f its cntents. 她没有看过那封信，所以对其内容一无所知。文章义：n. 含量；容量Dn’t chse fd with a high fat cntent. 不要选择脂肪含量高的食物。
4.B　推断　根据最后一段首句可以推测出含糖税的征收是一个成功的案例。
话题：天才　主题语境：人与社会　词数：约295　难度：★★★★☆
具有思辨性[2021全国甲卷·D]Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.Let’s state clearly:Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius.But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself.Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?In the sciences and arts,thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It’s said that histry is written by the victrs,and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club — wmen,r peple f a different clr r belief — they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six,girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are "really, really smart." Even wrse,the study fund that girls act n that belief:Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are "really,really smart."Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn’t take a genius t knw the answer:abslutely nt.Here’s the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk,the mre we will see that scial factrs(因
素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says,future geniuses cme frm thse with "intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld."1.What des the authr think f victrs’standards fr jining the genius club?A.They’re unfair.B.They’re ’re bjective.D.They’re can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science? A.They think themselves smart.B.They lk up t great see gender differences earlier than bys.D.They are likely t be influenced by scial are mre geniuses knwn t the public?A.Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.B.Less discriminatin against f victrs’cncepts.D.Changes in peple’s scial is the best title fr the text?A.Geniuses Think AlikeB.Genius Takes Many FrmsC.Genius and IntelligenceD.Genius and Luck
【解析】 本文首先讲述了过去人们对于天才的认定以及社会观念对天才的影响，但是，随着时代的发展、全球交流的加强，天才可以是各行各业任意一个能够改变世界的人。1.A　推断　根据第三段"In the sciences and , r peple f a different clr r belief — they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers"可知，历史是由胜利者书写的，被认定为天才的大多是有欧洲血统的白人男性，而做出贡献的女人或不同肤色的人则不被认可，因此作者认为这样的标准并不公平，故A项正确。cnservative adj."保守的"；bjective adj."客观的"。2.D　推断　根据第四段中的"A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别)are ‘really, really smart.’ Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief... smart’"可知，研究发现女孩受到社会观念的影响，从六岁起就不怎么说其他女孩"非常非常聪明"，也会避免参加一些据说是"针对非常非常聪明的孩子"的活动，故D项正确。lk up t"仰慕"。3.A　理解具体信息　根据最后一段中的"In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear"可知,现代社会的全球通信使得越来越多的天才能够为人所知，故A项正确。discriminatin n."歧视"。
【二次精读】　　核心单词：wired adj.(与计算机系统)联网的；(设备、网络)有线的核心短语：be praised as被誉为　 act n对……起作用；按照……行事词缀变形：admissin n.承认；入场费；进入许可→admit v.承认；准许进入；可容纳难句分析：A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender(性别) are "really, really smart."分析：本句是一个主从复合句。recently published by Science为过去分词作后置定语，修饰前面的名词study;that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say..."really, really smart."为动词fund的宾语从句；that members f their gender(性别) are "really, really smart."为动词say的宾语从句。译文：最近发表在《科学》上的一项研究发现，比起男孩来，早在六岁，女孩就不太可能说其他女孩"非常非常聪明"。
4.B　理解主旨要义(标题判断)　本文在第一段提出了数百年来人们一直关注的问题：什么是天才。接着作者讲述了过去人们对天才的认定以及社会观念对天才的影响，最后作者讲到随着时代的发展、全球通信的加强，天才可以是各行各业任意一个能够改变世界的人，故B项适合作本文的标题。
话题：影片Prject Wild Thing　主题语境：人与社会　词数：约310　难度：★★★★☆
[2021年6月浙江卷·B]We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parks less than 10 minutes’walk frm hme where neighburhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday’s children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag,film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say "chclate" int his three-year-ld sn’s ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself "marketing directr fr Nature". He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was Prject Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature."Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference," David Bnd says. "There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be a habit fr life." His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw:
"We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while."Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them is the prblem with the authr’s children?A.They ften anny the neighburs.B.They are tired f ding their have n friends t play with.D.They stay in frnt f screens fr t did David Bnd advcate his idea?A.By making a dcumentary film.B.By rganizing utdr advertising in Lndn media.D.By creating a netwrk f f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd "charts" in paragraph 2?A.recrdsB.predictsC.delays can be a suitable title fr the text?A.Let Children Have FunB.Yung Children Need Mre Free TimeC.Market Nature t ChildrenD.David Bnd:A Rle Mdel fr Children
【解析】 文章讲述了电影制作人David Bnd看到许多孩子沉迷于电子产品，于是他通过影片，鼓励孩子们走进大自然。1.D 　理解具体信息　根据文章第一段中的"Hwever, what my up a screen — any screen — and stare at it fr hurs"可知，作者的孩子长时间看电子产品(屏幕)，这引起了作者的担忧，故答案选D项。2.A　理解具体信息　根据文章第二段中的"He realised that smething needed t dcumented his jurney result was Prject Wild Thing"可知,为了改变孩子们长时间看电子产品的现状，David Bnd利用自身的职业优势，制作了纪录片Prject Wild Thing，故选A项。 3.A　理解词汇　根据文章第二段中的"a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins"可知，这部纪录片记录了Wild Netwrk的诞生，chart此处意为"记录，跟踪"，意思同recrd，故选A项。