2025版高考英语一轮复习真题精练专题一阅读理解热考主题6科学探索与研究课件

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮复习真题精练专题一阅读理解热考主题6科学探索与研究课件，共26页。PPT课件主要包含了Passage 1，Passage 2，Passage 3，Passage 4，Passage 5，Passage 6等内容，欢迎下载使用。
话题：生态设计　主题语境：人与自然　词数：约340　难度：★★★☆☆
鼓励创新精神[2023新课标Ⅰ卷·B]When Jhn Tdd was a child, he lved t explre the wds arund his huse, bserving hw nature slved prblems. A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures lived. When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in cllege, Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds f fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right cmbinatin f animals and plants, he figured, maybe he culd clean up waste the way nature did. He decided t build what he wuld later call an ec-machine.The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge(污泥). First, he cnstructed a series f clear fiberglass tanks cnnected t each ther. Then he went arund t lcal pnds and streams and brught back sme plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds f life gt used t ne anther and frmed their wn ecsystem. After a few weeks, Jhn added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the ec-machine tk the sludge as fd and began t eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years,Jhn has taken n many big jbs. He develped a greenhuse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) frm 1,600 hmes in Suth Burlingtn. He als designed an ec-machine t clean canal water in Fuzhu, a city in sutheast China."Eclgical design" is the name Jhn gives t what he des."Life n Earth is kind f a bx f spare parts fr the inventr," he says."Yu put rganisms in new relatinships and bserve what’s happening. Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair."1.What can we learn abut Jhn frm the first tw paragraphs?　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.He was fnd f traveling.B.He enjyed being had an inquiring mind.D.He lnged t be a did Jhn put the sludge int the tanks?A.T feed the animals.B.T build an prtect the plants.D.T test the ec- is the authr’s purpse in mentining Fuzhu?A.T review Jhn’s research plans.B.T shw an applicatin f Jhn’s cmpare Jhn’s different jbs.D.T erase dubts abut Jhn’s is the basis fr Jhn’s wrk?A.Nature can repair itself.B.Organisms need water t n Earth is diverse.D.Mst tiny creatures live in grups.
【解析】 Jhn Tdd从小就喜欢观察大自然，并被自然的自净能力折服。大学时期经过专业的学习之后，Jhn通过实验找到了合适的生态组合，发明出了"生态设计"，并解决了很多实际的污水净化问题。
【考情速递】　　高考语篇在选材上积极引导同学们关注人类社会所面临的热点问题——环境问题，使同学们能够增强责任感、紧迫感和使命感。本篇阅读就以个人发明对环境作出的贡献为主题，旨在倡导考生为环保贡献自己的力量。
1.C　理解具体信息　根据第一段中的"bserving hw nature slved prblems"和"When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making"和第二段中的"Jhn went back t bserving nature and asking questins"以及第二段中的两个问题可以看出，Jhn是一个喜欢刨根问底、喜欢探索的人，故C项正确。lng t d sth. "渴望做某事"。2.D　推断　根据第三段中的"The task Jhn set fr himself was t remve harmful substances frm sme sludge(污泥) them in the tanks"可知，Jhn修建水箱是为了清理污泥中的有害物质，为此，他在水箱里放了一些动植物。第四段中的"all that was left was pure water"表明了将污泥放入水箱之后的变化。据此可以推断，Jhn在水箱里放入污泥是为了检验他的生态机器的效果，故D项正确。
【考情速递】　　本题属于跨语段综合推断的漂移题，同学们需要综合两段信息进行推断，增加了推断题的难度。
3.B　推断　上文讲到了Jhn的发明成功了，根据第五段的中心句"Over the years, Jhn has taken n many big jbs"可知，多年来，Jhn做了很多重大的工作。本段提到净化福州的运河水是为了举例说明Jhn的发明及其理念在实践中的应用，故B项正确。A"为了回顾Jhn的研究计划"；B"为了展示Jhn的理念的实际应用"；C"为了比较Jhn的不同工作"；D"为了消除对Jhn的发明的怀疑"。4.A　推断　本文主要围绕Jhn的疑问"A dirty stream, fr example, ften became clear after flwing thrugh plants and alng rcks where tiny creatures this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes peple were making"展开，即一条肮脏的溪流在穿过植物和流过微生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈，这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏乱呢？正是在这个疑问的指引下，Jhn发明了"生态设计"，因此，Jhn发明的根源就在于自然的自我修复能力，且最后一段中的"Then yu let these new systems develp their wn ways t self-repair"也印证了Jhn的工作依据就在于"自我修复"这一理念，故A项正确。
【二次精读】　　核心单词：fishery n.水产业　substance n.物质；物品；东西　fiberglass n.玻璃纤维　tank n.(贮放液体或气体的)箱，槽，罐　digest v.消化　canal n.运河核心短语：a series f一系列　把……当作　take n承担难句分析：When he gt lder, Jhn started t wnder  if this prcess culd be used t clean up the messes 时间状语从句 主句 宾语从句 (peple were making). 省略关系词的定语从句译文：当Jhn长大后，他开始想要知道这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的脏乱。
话题：集体商议的智慧　主题语境：人与社会　词数：约340　难度：★★★★☆
[2023新课标Ⅰ卷·D]On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the "wisdm f crwds" effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.But a new study led by Jaquin Navajas ffered an interesting twist(转折) n this classic phenmenn. The key finding f the study was that when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a discussin, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm an equal number f independent individuals. Fr instance, the average btained frm the estimates f fur discussin grups f five was significantly mre accurate than the average btained frm 20 independent individuals.In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the
grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they "shared arguments and reasned tgether." Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr.Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?A.The methds f estimatin.B.The underlying lgic f the causes f peple’s errrs.D.The design f Galtn’s ’study fund that the average accuracy culd increase even if __________. A.the crwds were relatively smallB.there were ccasinal underestimatesC.individuals did nt cmmunicateD.estimates were nt fully independent3.What did the fllw-up study fcus n?　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.The size f the grups.B.The dminant discussin prcess.D.The individual is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’studies?A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Dubtful.D.Apprving.
【解析】 作者从几个角度探讨群体智慧，指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。
【考情速递】　　高考的选材注重启发考生独立思考与判断，运用科学的思维方式发现问题、分析问题并解决问题的意识和能力，着眼于考查考生在逻辑性、批判性和创新性等方面的思维品质。本篇以"群体智慧效应"为话题，展示人们对该效应的不同角度的理解，而在试题的设计上，强调对重点信息的纵深性理解，注重考查语篇能力，鼓励同学们以系统和辩证的视角进行篇章解读，挖掘篇章的深层含义，读懂言外之意，领会文章的主旨要义。
1.B　理解段落主旨要义　第二段主要解释了为什么大量独立估算的平均值在某些情况下可以相当准确，这是由于人们估算的误差并不总是相同的，当这些误差足够多,并被平均开来时，它们会互相抵消，从而得出更准确的估算值，这就是群体智慧效应的基本逻辑。故选B项。2.D　推断　结合第二段中的"In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent"和第三段中的"when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that were allwed t have a individuals"可知，Navajas的研究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，平均正确度依旧会提升。故选D项。
【考情速递】　　高考在命题形式上注重灵活性和创新性。本题题干并非以往的疑问式题干，而是在复合句中挖空的陈述式题干，这是自2020年新高考以来在高考卷中首次出现。
【二次精读】　　核心单词： illustrate v.阐明　 crrelated adj.相互关联的　fllw-up adj.后续的　dminant adj.占优势的，占支配地位的　implicatin n.可能的影响；暗示　enrmus adj.巨大的核心短语：capitalize n利用，从……中获得好处　cancel sth. ut 抵消熟词生义：average 常用义：n.平均水平；平均数 adj.平均的；一般的　文章义：v.计算出……的平均数Earnings are averaged ver the whle perid.所计算的是整个时期的平均收入。难句分析：The key fingding f the study was that｛when crwds were further divided int smaller grups that引导表语从句，其中when引导时间状语从句 (that were allwed t have a discussin)}, the averages frm these grups were mre accurate than thse frm that引导定语从句an equal number f independent individuals. 译文：该项研究的核心发现是,当人群被进一步分成更小的组，并且允许进行讨论的时候，这些小组得出的平均估计比同样数量的独立个体的估计更准确。
3.C　理解具体信息　第四段说在随后对100名大学生的研究中，研究人员发现，团队讨论中起决定作用的是队员们能一起讨论和推理(shared arguments and reasned tgether)，因此选C。4.D　理解观点、态度　最后一段作者说，虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性和很多问题，但对团队讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的，由此判断作者对Navajas的研究持支持态度。
话题：人类语音的演变　主题语境：人与社会　词数：约335　难度：★★★★★
培育探究精神[2022新高考Ⅰ卷·D]Human speech cntains mre than 2,000 different sunds, frm the cmmn "m" and "a" t the rare clicks f sme suthern African languages. But why are certain sunds mre cmmn than thers? A grund-breaking, five-year study shws that diet-related changes in human bite led t new speech sunds that are nw fund in half the wrld’s languages.Mre than 30 years ag, the schlar Charles Hckett nted that speech sunds called labidentals, such as "f" and "v", were mre cmmn in the languages f scieties that ate sfter fds. Nw a team f researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University f Zurich, Switzerland, has fund hw and why this trend arse.They discvered that the upper and lwer frnt teeth f ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard t prduce labidentals, which are frmed by tuching the lwer lip t the upper teeth. Later, ur jaws changed t an verbite structure(结构), making it easier t prduce such sunds.The team shwed that this change in bite was cnnected with the develpment f agriculture in the Nelithic perid. Fd became easier t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn’t have t d as much wrk and s didn’t grw t be s large.Analyses f a language database als cnfirmed that there was a glbal change in the sund f wrld languages after the Nelithic age, with the use f "f" and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thusand years. These sunds are still nt fund in the languages f many hunter-gatherer peple tday.
This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300,000 years ag. "The set f speech sunds we use has nt necessarily remained stable since the appearance f human beings, but rather the huge variety f speech sunds that we find tday is the prduct f a cmplex interplay f things like bilgical change and cultural evlutin," said Steven Mran, a member f the research aspect f the human speech sund des Damián Blasi’s research fcus n?　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A.Its variety.B.Its distributin.C.Its quantity.D.Its was it difficult fr ancient human adults t prduce labidentals?A.They had fewer upper teeth than lwer teeth.B.They culd nt pen and clse their lips jaws were nt cnveniently structured.D.Their lwer frnt teeth were nt large is paragraph 5 mainly abut?A.Supprting evidence fr the research results.B.Ptential applicatin f the research findings.C.A further explanatin f the research methds.D.A reasnable dubt abut the research des Steven Mran say abut the set f human speech sunds?A.It is key t effective cmmunicatin.B.It cntributes much t cultural is a cmplex and dynamic system.D.It drives the evlutin f human beings.
【解析】 本文介绍人类语音的演变与人类的饮食变化之间的关联研究。1.D　理解具体信息　题干问的是"Damián Blasi的研究集中在人类语音的哪个方面?"，通读全文尤其是最后一段内容可知，Damián Blasi的研究集中在语音的发展。故选D项。2.C　理解具体信息　题干问的是"为什么古代成年人很难发出唇齿音?"，根据题干可将解题信息定位到文章的第三段。根据第三段的内容可知,他们发现古代成人的上下门牙是对齐的，很难发出唇齿音，而唇齿音由下唇接触上牙产生。后来，我们的下巴变成了覆咬合结构，这让我们更容易产生这样的声音。由此可知，他们的下巴构造使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。3.A　理解主旨要义(段落大意)　题干问的是"第五段主要讲的是什么?"，根据题干可将解题信息定位到文章的第五段。由第五段内容可知，对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后，国际语言的发音发生了全球性的变化。故第五段主要为上文的研究结果提供证据。故选A项。
【二次精读】　　核心单词：trend n. 趋势　cnfirm v. 证实　verturn v. 推翻　cmplex adj.复杂的词缀变形：remarkably adv.不寻常地，惊人地→remarkable adj.非凡的，引人注目的难句分析：This research verturns the ppular view that all human speech sunds were present when human beings evlved arund 300, 000 years ag.分析：本句是主从复合句。that all human speech 是同位语从句。从句中含有when 引导的时间状语从句。译文：这项研究推翻了这种流行的观点，即在大约30万年前人类进化时，所有的人类语音都已经存在。
4.C　推断　题干问的是"Steven Mran对人类语音有什么看法?"，根据题干可将解题信息定位到文章的最后一段。Steven Mran认为：自从人类出现以来,我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，今天我们发现的各种语音是生物变化和文化进化之类的事物的一种复杂的相互作用的产物。由此可推知，它是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
话题：Textalyzer设备的使用　主题语境：人与社会　词数：约280　难度：★★★★☆
科技应用[2022新高考Ⅱ卷·C]Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted(分心)driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately.""Big change requires big ideas," he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk’s hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple’s behavir," said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state’s 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. "If the Textalyzer bill becmes law," he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."1.Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers’texting in the US?A.Ineffective.B.Unnecessary.C.Incnsistent. can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?A.Where a driver came frm.B.Whether a driver used their fast a driver was ging.D.When a driver arrived at the des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests. is a suitable title fr the text?A.T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu StartB.Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the TextalyzerC.New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by DriversD.The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer
【解析】 为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成分心从而引发交通事故的问题，纽约的立法者提出使用 Textalyzer这一设备来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。1.A　推断　根据第一段内容可知，在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信,公共服务活动也尝试了多种方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。再根据第二段第一句"Yet the be getting wrse"可知，虽然几乎使用了各种各样的方法，但是情况却似乎越来越糟糕了。所以这些方法是无效的。故选A项。2.B　理解具体信息　根据第五段最后一句"The technlgy culd... hands-free driving laws"可知，这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。由此可知， Textalyzer能够帮警官查明司机是否使用了手机。故选B项。3.D　理解词汇(代词指代)　根据最后一段的最后一句可知，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，人们将更害怕从而不敢在开车时使用手机，即人们将改变自己的行为。由此可推知，smething在此处指代的是法律。故选D项。
【二次精读】　　核心单词：ban v. 明令禁止；取缔　distinctly adv.清楚地，明显地；很，十分核心短语：refer t 提到，谈及，说起　push fr 反复要求，施压争取
4.B　理解主旨要义(标题判断)　综观全文内容可知，本文主要讲了为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成分心从而引发交通事故的问题，纽约的立法者提出使用Textalyzer这一设备来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。故B项最适合作本文标题。
话题：无人机在铁路中的应用　主题语境：人与社会　词数：约315　难度：★★★★★
鼓励科技创新[2022全国乙卷·C]Can a small grup f drnes(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s "eyes in the sky" technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient(高效) acrss the bard. That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’effrts.By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept:the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very
small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible?A.The use f drnes in checking n pwer ’ability t wrk at high reductin f cst in designing ’reliable perfrmance in remte des "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?A.Persnnel safety.B.Assistance frm and repair.D.Cnstructin f functin is expected f the rail drnes?A.T prvide early warning.B.T make trains run earn prfits fr the crews.D.T accelerate is the mst suitable title fr the text?A.What Faults Can Be Detected with DrnesB.Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be ExpandedC.What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will FaceD.Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
【解析】 无人机在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，还能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。1.A　理解具体信息　题干问什么使无人机在铁路线路中的应用成为可能。根据文章第二段中的"Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure"可知，无人机现在已经用来检测高压电力线路，它们可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路以及铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。故A项正确。
【干扰项分析】　　B、C、D项都属于"无中生有"，文中没有提到无人机在高海拔地区工作，也没有提及无人机在偏远地区的可靠性能，故B和D项都可排除；C项无人机设计成本降低，文中无相关信息。
2.C　理解词汇　题干问"maintenance"是什么意思。根据画线词出现的语境"节省______费用"以及该词在下文中的语境，即第三段第二句"It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure"(据计算，单是欧洲铁路一年就要在维护上面花费约200亿欧元，其中包括常常在夜里派遣维护员工去检查和修复铁路基础设施)可知，铁路"maintenance"包括检查和修复铁路基础设施。故C项正确。 3.A　理解具体信息　题干问的是期待铁路无人机有什么样的功能。根据文章最后一段最后一句"With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time"(因为能提前看到，无人机可以感知到任何问题,这样快速前进的列车就可以及时作出反应)可知，
【干扰项分析】　　B项"使火车自动运行"是偷换概念，原文最后一段中的"prgrammed t run autnmusly"指的是无人机可以自动运行，而不是火车；C项"为全体工作人员挣得利润"和D项"加快交通运输"是无中生有，文章没有提及。
4.D　理解主旨要义(标题判断)　题干问的是本文最佳标题是什么。第一段是导入，综述无人机在铁路运营方面的应用前景；第二段主要讲述无人机在铁路运营中的部分功能和作用；第三段主要讲了无人机在降低铁路维护成本和维护铁路职员人身安全方面的作用；第四段讲无人机还能为铁路运营做的事情。由此可知本篇文章主要讲的是无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。故D项正确。
【二次精读】　　核心单词：guarantee v.保证； 担保；保障　precisely adv.恰好地；正是；精确地　inspect v.检查；查看； 审视；视察词缀变形：reliable adj. 可信赖的，可依靠的→reliability n.可靠性　perate v. 工作；操作；控制；使运行; (被)使用；(使)运转；经营，营业；动手术→peratr n. 操作人员；技工；经营者→peratin n. (有组织的)活动；手术；运转；操作　maintain v. 维持；维修；保养→maintenance n. 维护，保养
期待铁路无人机具有的功能是提前发现问题，并给列车发出警告。故A项正确。
话题：鹦鹉识别物体形状　主题语境：人与社会　词数：约250　难度：★★★★☆
科学精神[2022全国甲卷·B]Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a "keyhle" in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped "keys" t chse frm. Inserting the crrect "key" wuld let ut the nut.In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical(对称的)shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an "allcentric frame f reference". In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues(线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
1.Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?A.By fllwing instructins.B.By using a turning the bx arund.D.By remving the task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?A.Using a key t unlck a parrts frm ther a ball int a rund tys f different des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?A.Hw far they are able t they track mving they are smarter than they use a sense f tuch in the can be a suitable title fr the text?A.Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB.Cckats: Independent LearnersC.Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD.Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters
【解析】 实验表明，一种生长于澳大拉西亚的凤头鹦鹉擅长识别物体的形状。1.B　理解具体信息　根据第一段中的"Thugh nt birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage"和"the birds were given five differently ut the nut"可知，凤头鹦鹉在笼子里时可以熟练地使用工具，给它们不同形状的"钥匙"以供选择，插入正确的"钥匙"就能拿到盒子里的果仁。由此可知，实验中凤头鹦鹉通过使用工具拿到了盒子里的果仁，故选B项。2.C　推断　根据第二段首句"In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age"可知,在大约一岁时，婴儿就能将圆形物体放入圆孔中，由此可推知C项正确。3.D　理解具体信息　根据最后一段信息可知，研究人员下一步将查明凤头鹦鹉是否完全依靠视觉线索，还是也需要使用触觉来对物体的形状作出选择。
【名师点津】　　题干中的fllw-up意为"进一步的"，与最后一段中的next吻合。