备考2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练习第一部分过透教材Unit5Revealingnature外研版选择性必修第一册

这是一份备考2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练习第一部分过透教材Unit5Revealingnature外研版选择性必修第一册，共8页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A
[2023福建福州5月质检]Bth humans and animals pssess the ability t cry ut fr help when endangered r threatened. Plants， as it turns ut， can t.
"We fund that plants usually emit （发出） sunds when they are under stress and that each plant and each type f stress is assciated with a specific identifiable sund，" researchers frm Tel Aviv University in Israel wrte in their findings， published in the scientific jurnal Cell. "While undetectable t the human ear， the sunds emitted by plants can prbably be heard by varius animals， such as bats， mice， and insects."
Stressrs like dehydratin （脱水） and damage t leaves gave rise t the plants’ high-pitched （声音尖锐的） cries， which ranged frm 20 t 250 kHz. The bigger the danger is， the mre frequent a plant’s signals are."Unstressed plants emitted less than ne sund per hur， n average，" researcher Lilach Hadany said， "while the stressed plants — bth dehydrated and injured — emitted dzens f sunds every hur."
T catch these sunds，Hadany’s team surrunded tmat and tbacc plants with super-sensitive micrphnes. They then fed the data int an artificial intelligence prgram that culd tell the difference between the species f plants and the types f sunds prduced.
"Our findings suggest that the wrld arund us is full f plant sunds， and that these sunds cntain infrmatin，" Hadany wrte. She added that t translate that infrmatin， we just need the "right tls such as sensrs that tell grwers when plants need watering." Ding s， researchers nted， may allw farmers t judge exactly when and where t water crps， saving water， increasing harvests， and lwering stress fr bth plants and humankind.
本文为说明文，主要介绍了植物也会发声这一情况。
【词语积累】 pssess v.拥有，有 endangered adj.（动植物）濒危的
emit v.发出，射出，散发（光、热、声音、气等）
range 在……到……变化/变动
1.What did researchers frm Tel Aviv University in Israel find？
A. Creatures tend t cry ut fr help when in danger.
B. Plants can give ff sunds when they are stressed.
C. Plant sunds can be heard by bth animals and humans.
D. Plants make the same sund whatever type f stress they have.
解析 B 细节理解题。由第二段中的"‘We fund ，’ jurnal Cell"可知，这些研究人员在科学杂志《细胞》上发表了研究结果，他们认为，植物在受到压力时通常会发出声音，每种植物和每种类型的压力都与一种特定的可识别的声音有关，故B项正确。
2.What des the authr want t shw in paragraph 3？
A. The influence f stress n plants.
B. The urgency f relieving plants f stress.
C. The pssibility f plants emitting sunds.
D. The imprtance f cnducting the research.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第三段内容可知，像脱水和叶子受到损害等导致压力的事件会让植物发出尖叫。危险越大，植物声音的频率越高。没有受到压力的植物平均每小时发出不到一次声音，而受到压力的植物——脱水的和受伤的——每小时发出几十次声音。据此可以推知，在该段中作者主要介绍压力对植物的影响，故A项正确。
3.Why was an artificial intelligence prgram used in the research？
A. T help get rid f plant stress.
B. T identify the types f stress.
C. T cllect sunds emitted by plants.
D. T analyze the cllected sunds f plants.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第四段中的"They then fed sunds prduced"可知，他们将数据输入一个人工智能程序，该程序可以分辨出植物种类和发出的声音类型之间的差异；据此可知，在研究中使用人工智能程序是为了分析收集到的植物的声音，故选D项。
4.What can we learn frm Hadany’s wrds in the last paragraph？
A. The research is f practical value.
B. It’s difficult t understand plant sunds.
C. Further research is needed in the future.
D. It’s as easy as pie fr farmers t grw crps.
解析 A 推理判断题。由尾段中Hadany的话"Ding s， plants and humankind"可知，研究人员指出，这样做可以让农民准确地判断何时何地给作物浇水，同时做到节约用水，增加收成，减轻植物和人类的压力。据此可以推知，我们可从Hadany的话中得知该研究具有一定的实用价值，故选A项。
B
[2023苏北四市一调]Animals can adapt quickly t survive unfavrable envirnmental cnditins. Evidence is munting t shw that plants can，t. A paper published in the jurnal TrendsinPlantScience details hw plants are rapidly adapting t the effects f climate change， and hw they are passing dwn the adaptatin t their ffspring（后代）.
Plants are facing mre envirnmental stresses than ever. Fr example，climate change is making winters shrter in many lcatins， and plants are respnding."Many plants require a minimum perid f cld in rder t set up their envirnmental clck t define their flwering time，"says Martinelli， a plant geneticist at the University f Flrence." As cld seasns shrten， plants have adapted t require shrter perids f cld t delay flwering. These mechanisms allw plants t avid flwering in perids when they have fewer pprtunities t reprduce."
Because plants dn’t have neural（神经的）netwrks， their memry is based entirely n cellular（细胞的）， mlecular（分子的）， and bichemical netwrks. These netwrks make up what the researchers call the smatic memry."It allws plants t recgnize the ccurrence f a previus envirnmental cnditin and t react accrdingly，" says Martinelli.
These smatic memries can then be passed t the plants’ ffspring via epigenetics （表观遗传学）."Several examples demnstrate the existence f mlecular mechanisms mdulating plant memry fr envirnmental stresses and affecting the adaptatin f ffspring t these stresses，"says Martinelli.
Ging frward， Martinelli hpes t understand even mre abut the genes that are being passed dwn."We are particularly interested in decding the epigenetic alphabet withut changes in DNA sequences（顺序），"he says."This is especially imprtant when we cnsider the rapid climate change we bserve tday. Every living rganism， including plants， needs t quickly adapt t survive."
本文主要讲述了植物如何快速适应气候变化带来的影响以及它们如何将这些适应传递给后代等相关信息。
【词语积累】 unfavrable adj.不利的，有害的
set up 创建，安排 accrdingly adv.相应地，照着
demnstrate v.证明，说明；示范
1.What adaptatin have plants made t shrtened cld seasns？
A. They have shrtened their flwering time.
B. They have gt mre chances t reprduce.
C. They have avided flwering in cld seasns.
D. They have adjusted their envirnmental clck.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段中的"Many plants flwering time""As cld seasns flwering"可知，许多植物需要一段最短的寒冷时间来设置它们的环境时钟，以确定它们的开花时间。随着寒冷季节变短，植物作出相应的改变，它们需要更短的寒冷时间以延迟开花，故D项正确。
2.What can we learn abut the smatic memry？
A. It is entirely based n neural netwrks.
B. It can help the plants’ ffspring t survive.
C. It can help relieve envirnmental stresses.
D. It disturbs the plants’ bichemical netwrks.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第三段中的"It allws plants react accrdingly"和第四段中的"These smatic epigenetics（表观遗传学）"可知，体细胞记忆能使植物识别先前发生的环境条件并作出相应的反应，还可以遗传给后代。故可推知体细胞记忆可帮助植物的后代存活，故B项正确。
3.What des the underlined wrd "mdulating" mean in paragraph 4？
A. Adjusting.B. Treasuring.
C. Recrding.D. Sharing.
解析 A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的语境可知，此处表示几个例子证明了分子机制的存在，这些机制调节植物对环境压力的记忆，并影响后代对这些压力的适应，故A项"调节"正确。
4.Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text？
A. Plants are smart abut flwering time
B. Plants can als adapt t climate change
C. Envirnmental stresses challenge plants
D. Mysteries f plant genes are t be unflded
解析 B 标题归纳题。通读全文内容尤其是文章第一段可知，越来越多的证据表明植物也可以很快适应不利的环境条件。文章主要讲述了植物如何快速适应气候变化带来的影响以及它们如何将这些适应传递给后代，故B项"植物也能适应气候变化"最适合作为本文的标题。
二、完形填空
[2023安徽池州统考]I enjy wrking in the wild. As a nature 1 ， I have t brave the elements — whether it’s sunny， windy r rainy. But the best thing abut this jb is that yu can 2 animals in their natural envirnment.
My favurite place t take phts is the Finnish Natinal Park. It is famus fr the 3 f its wildlife， but prbably best knwn fr its bears. These huge animals can live fr 30 years. 4 a weight f up t 300 kilgrams， they can still run at a speed f arund 64 kilmeters per hur.
Last spring in Finland， I fllwed a path leading t a dark frest. As I finally stepped ut f the trees， the view was 5 . An eagle flew ver the snw-capped muntains， which were 6 in the peaceful lake belw. I was phtgraphing the amazing scene when I suddenly had a 7 that I was being watched. Slwly， and with the camera still held t my eye， I turned ... and 8 . Only meters away frm me was a bear. With water 9 its thick， brwn hair， the bear stared back at me. Time std 10 as the bear and I bth waited t see wh wuld mve first. My legs started shaking. 11 ， I frced my finger t press the buttn. A secnd later， the bear turned and ran back int the frest. When 12 frm the shck， I lked at my camera. My mst frightening but magical experience was nw 13 frever in a single image.
Frm time t time I lk at the pht as a cnstant 14 t shw respect fr all animals. It is after all we wh are the 15 t their wrld.
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者是一名自然摄影师，一次偶然遇到熊的惊险经历让作者对大自然的动物充满了敬意。
1.A. jurnalistB. designer
C. vlunteerD. phtgrapher
解析 D 由"My favurite place t take phts is the Finnish Natinal Park"及下文可知，作者是一名自然摄影师，故选D。jurnalist记者， designer设计者，vlunteer志愿者，phtgrapher摄影师。句意：作为一名自然摄影师，无论是晴天、刮风还是雨天，我都必须勇敢地面对大自然。
2.A. paintB. trainC. bserveD. preserve
解析 C 由"As a nature 1 ， I have t brave the elements — whether it’s sunny， windy r rainy"可知，作者享受在野外工作是因为能拍摄到大自然中的动物，因此这也给作者观察动物的机会，故选C。bserve观察。句意：但这份工作最大的好处是你可以在其自然环境中观察动物。
3.A. varietyB. riginC. safetyD. cver
解析 A 由"but prbably best knwn fr its bears"可知，芬兰国家公园以其野生生物的多样性而闻名，故选A。variety多样化，rigin起源，safety安全，cver封面。
4.A. WithinB. DespiteC. BeyndD. Thrugh
解析 B 由"they can still run at a speed f arund 64 kilmeters per hur"可知，尽管这些熊很重，但是奔跑速度很快，故选B。 within在……里面，despite尽管，beynd超出，thrugh通过。句意：尽管体重高达300公斤，它们仍能以约每小时64公里的速度奔跑。
5.A. disappintingB. breathtaking
C. speechlessD. wrthless
解析 B 由"An eagle flew ver the snw-capped muntains， which were 6 in the peaceful lake belw"可知，眼前的景色让作者叹为观止，故选B。disappinting令人失望的，breathtaking令人赞叹的，speechless说不出话的，wrthless无价值的。
6.A. hiddenB. reflectedC. buriedD. twered
解析 B 根据语境可知，作者被雄鹰飞过白雪皑皑的群山且映照在湖面的景象给迷住了，故选B。hide隐藏，reflect照出（影像）， bury埋葬，twer高耸。
7.A. sayingB. dreamC. feelingD. gal
解析 C 由"that I was being watched"及下文可知，一只熊在不远处看着作者，因此作者觉得自己被什么东西注视着，故选C。句意：当我正在拍摄这个惊人的场景时，我突然有一种被注视的感觉。
8.A. shutedB. faintedC. leftD. frze
解析 D 由"Time std 10 as the bear and I bth waited t see wh wuld mve first"可知，作者看到熊后呆住了，故选D。shut大喊，faint昏厥， leave离开，freeze惊呆。句意：我慢慢地转过身，相机仍然举在我的眼前……然后呆住了。
9.A. falling ffB. giving ut
C. taking inD. picking up
解析 A 由"With hair"可知，水从熊浓密的棕色毛发上落下，故选A。fall ff从……落下，give ut分发，take in吸入，pick up捡起。
10.A. stillB. clearC. shrtD. vivid
解析 A 由"as the bear and I bth waited t see wh wuld mve first"可知，作者很害怕，不敢动，仿佛时间停止一般，故选A。still静止的， clear清晰的，shrt短的，vivid生动的。句意：时间静止了，我和熊都在等着看谁先动起来。
11.A. BesidesB. Smehw
C. OtherwiseD. Therefre
解析 B 由"I frced my finger t press the buttn"可知，不知怎么地，作者强迫自己按下相机按钮，故选B。besides此外，smehw不知怎么地，therwise否则，therefre因此。句意：不知怎么地，我强迫我的手指按下按钮。
12.A. returningB. escaping
C. recveringD. expecting
解析 C return返回，escape逃离，recver恢复，expect期望。由"My legs started shaking"可知，作者从震惊中恢复过来。故选C。句意：当我从震惊中恢复过来时，我看着我的相机。
13.A. appliedB. expsed
C. nticedD. recrded
解析 D 由"I frced my finger t press the buttn"可知，作者按下了相机按钮，这个神奇的经历被永远记录下来，故选D。apply申请，expse揭露， ntice注意到， recrd记录。
14.A. prizeB. reminderC. tlD. excuse
解析 B 由"t shw respect fr all animals"可知，这张照片提醒作者要尊重所有动物，故选B。prize奖励，reminder提醒人的事物，tl工具，excuse借口。句意：我不时地看着这张照片，提醒自己要尊重所有动物。
15.A. mastersB. servants
C. visitrsD. fllwers
解析 C 由"t their wrld"并结合常识可知，对动物来说，人类是它们的过客，故选C。master主人，servant仆人，visitr游客，fllwer追随者。
三、语法填空
[生态环保/]Zeb Hgan， a research bilgist， has been dcumenting large freshwater fishes fr almst tw decades. His search fr big fish， described 1 the Megafishes Prject， began in 2005 after learning fishermen in nrthern Thailand pulled a big catfish ut f the Mekng River. 2 （weigh） 646 punds， it interested Hgan. Hwever， he culdn’t find any scientifically dcumented freshwater fish larger than the ne that had been the 3 （inspire） fr his search until 2022， when his research team gt a call frm Mul Thun. 4 fisherman said he’d accidentally caught a freshwater stingray "much bigger" than any 5 （find） previusly. After arriving there， the team determined that Thun’s fish was the same ray species knwn t ccur in the Mekng River. But they 6 （shck） t see her weight： At 661 punds， she set a new wrld recrd.
Hgan said the riginal aim f the Megafishes Prject was t find， study， and prtect the 7 （large） freshwater fish in the wrld. The challenge， as he sn learned， was that many f these fish are hard t find — they live in remte，8 （accessible） places and are shrinking in number. As Hgan’s wrk prgressed，9 （it） fcus increasingly turned t cnservatin. Accrding t Hgan，10 finding the biggest fish is imprtant， lking fr ways t prtect these extrardinary animals frm extinctin is mre imprtant.
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了湄公河渔民发现世界上最大的淡水鱼以及Zeb Hgan在寻找、研究和保护大型淡水鱼方面所做的努力。
1.as 考查介词。在得知泰国北部的渔民从湄公河中捞出一条大鲇鱼后，他于2005年开始寻找大鱼，这被称为"巨鱼项目"。describe... as...表示"把……称为……"，为固定搭配，此处用了过去分词作定语，表被动，故填as。
2.Weighing 考查非谓语动词。it与weigh之间为主谓关系，且谓语动作与非谓语动作同时存在，故用Weighing。
3.inspiratin 考查名词。然而，直到2022年，他的研究团队接到了来自Mul Thun的电话，他才得以发现比赋予他研究灵感的那条鱼更大的有科学记录的淡水鱼。由空前的the和空后的fr可知，空处应用名词，且此处表示单数意义，故填inspiratin。inspiratin表示"启发灵感的人（或事物），使人产生动机的人（或事物）"。
4.The 考查冠词。由语境可知，此处表示特指，这里说的渔民正是前面提到的Mul Thun，故填定冠词The。
5.fund 考查非谓语动词。这个渔民说，他意外捕获了一条淡水鱼工鱼，它比之前发现的任何鱼都"大得多"。分析句子结构可知，从句已有谓语，此处应用非谓语动词，find与被修饰词之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，且非谓语所表示动作已完成，故填fund。
6.wereshcked 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；they与shck之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填were shcked。
7.largest 考查形容词的级。Hgan说，"巨鱼项目"最初的目的是寻找、研究和保护世界上最大的淡水鱼。由语境和空前的the可知，此处表示"世界上最大的淡水鱼"，应用形容词最高级，故填largest。
8.inaccessible 考查形容词。他很快就发现，挑战在于这些鱼中很多都很难被找到——它们生活在偏远、难以到达的地方，而且数量正在减少。由语境并分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词表示"难以到达的"，故填inaccessible。
9.its 考查代词。由语境可知，此处表示工作的重点越来越转向对这些淡水鱼的保护。空处修饰名词fcus，应用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
10.while/thugh/althugh 考查连词。在Hgan看来，尽管找到最大的鱼很重要，但是寻找保护这些非凡动物免于灭绝的方法更为重要。由语境可知，此处表示让步关系，故填引导让步状语从句的while/thugh/althugh。