备考2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练习第一部分过透教材Unit5Intotheunknown外研版选择性必修第四册

这是一份备考2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练习第一部分过透教材Unit5Intotheunknown外研版选择性必修第四册，共8页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。
A
[2024广东惠州一调]The Rman Clsseum was built almst tw thusand years ag. Despite its age and a 14th century earthquake that kncked dwn the suth side， mst f the tall feet building is still standing. Scientists and engineers have lng suspected a key t the building’s durability （耐用性） is the use f specific Rman cncrete. But exactly hw this slid cncrete has cntributed t the architecture’s strength has been a mystery t researchers acrss the glbe.
A team f researchers recently discvered a ptential answer t why these ancient Rman buildings have been able t weather the test f time while many mdern cncrete structures seem t fall apart after a few decades. The answer is self-healing cncrete.
The material has three cmpnents： limestne （石灰岩）， vlcanic material and water. What the researchers fund was that the self-healing feature might be simply caused by chemistry accidentally. The limestne in the cncrete is likely the secret.
When the ancient Rmans made mrtar （灰浆）， they heated up the lime t turn it int a substance called "quicklime". And， because they intrduced water int the quicklime during mixing， the heat it prduced set up a chemical fundatin that culd strengthen the cncrete later. When tiny cracks started t frm later， the quicklime stpped them frm becming bigger. When it rained， the lime reacted with the water t recmbine int varius frms f calcium carbnate （碳酸钙）， quickly filling the crack r reacted with the vlcanic ash t "heal" the material.
Fr materials scientist Ainissa Ramirez， this new understanding f ancient Rman cncrete is a welcme discvery."This is ne way that the material can be mre envirnmentally friendly，" says Ramirez."It’s srt f like a message in a bttle. The Rmans made the material. We had t kind f figure ut hw they did it s that we can make better materials — and then， yu knw， in turn， be better prtectrs f ur envirnment."
古罗马的混凝土结构为何能够屹立不倒，经受住时间的考验？科学家一直很好奇。文章介绍了古罗马混凝土结构能够很好地提高建筑强度，一个可能的答案就是：这种混凝土具有自我修复功能。
【词语积累】 knck dwn击倒；推倒（或拆掉、拆毁）建筑物 suspect v.怀疑；觉得 specific adj.特定的 mystery n.奥秘；神秘 ptential adj.可能的；潜在的 fall apart 破碎；瓦解 cmpnent n.组成部分；成分 feature n.特点 substance n. 物质 strengthen v.巩固；加强 crack n.缝隙 react with 与……起化学反应 figure ut 想出；弄明白 in turn反过来；相应地
1.What can we learn frm Paragraph 1？
A. The secret f Rman cncrete has been revealed.
B. The Rman Clsseum was built in the 14th century.
C. The whle Rman Clsseum survived the earthquake.
D. Rman cncrete is essential t the architecture’s strength.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第一段，尤其是"But exactly hw this slid cncrete has cntributed the glbe"可知，对全球的研究人员而言，古罗马混凝土究竟是如何提高古罗马斗兽场强度的一直是个谜。由此可知，古罗马混凝土对建筑的强度至关重要，故选D项。
2.What des the underlined wrd "weather" in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Take.B. Stand.
C. Avid.D. Fail.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由画线词所在句的"while many mdern cncrete structures seem t fall apart after a few decades"可知，此处while表示前后两种情况的对比，画线词应与fall apart意思相反。许多现代混凝土结构似乎在几十年后就会瓦解，而古罗马建筑可以经得住时间的考验。由此可推知，画线词意为"经受住"，与stand意思一致，故选B项。
3.What d we knw abut the self-healing prcess？
A. The lime itself culd fill the crack later.
B. The quicklime shuld be made n rainy days.
C. The chemical fundatin culd weaken the cncrete.
D. Cmbining water and quicklime wuld prduce heat.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第四段中的"they intrduced water culd strengthen the cncrete later"可知，他们在搅拌过程中将水加到了生石灰中，它所产生的热量形成了一种随后可以强化混凝土的化学基础。由此可知，将水和生石灰混合会产生热量，故选D项。
4.What can be inferred frm Ramirez’s wrds？
A. Peple can be inspired t make greener materials.
B. The secret f Rman cncrete is hidden in a bttle.
C. Rman cncrete has greatly imprved the envirnment.
D. Rman cncrete is ppular in making mdern architecture.
解析 A 推理判断题。由最后一段Ramirez的话可知，对古罗马混凝土的新理解让我们了解了一种使材料更加环保的方式。古罗马人制造了这种材料，我们必须弄清楚他们是如何做到的，这样我们才能制作更好的材料，反过来成为更好的环境保护者。换句话说，我们可以从古罗马人制作的这种材料中汲取灵感，去发明更环保的材料，故选A项。
B
[2024南京六校调研]The wrld may have a new supercntinent within 200 millin t 300 millin years as the Pacific Ocean shrinks and clses.
Researchers at Curtin University in Australia and Peking University in China used a supercmputer t mdel the evlutin f Earth’s tectnic plates （地壳构造板块） and the frmatin f a future supercntinent. Their findings were published in the jurnal NatinalScienceReview.
"Over the past tw billin years， Earth’s cntinents have cllided （相撞） tgether t frm a supercntinent every 600 millin years， knwn as the supercntinent cycle. This means that current cntinents are due t cme tgether again in a cuple f hundred millin years’ time，" said lead authr Dr. Chuan Huang， a research fellw in Curtin’s Earth Dynamics Research Grup and the Schl f Earth and Planetary Sciences.
The team’s simulatin shwed that due t the fact that Earth has been cling fr billins f years since its frmatin， the thickness and strength f the tectnic plates beneath the ceans have reduced ver time. As a result， the frmatin f a new supercntinent is mre likely t happen by the clsing up f the Pacific Ocean. Reduced by a few centimeters per year， the Pacific Ocean’s current reach f 10，000 kilmeters will clse up in less than 300 millin years.
"The resulting new supercntinent has already been named Amasia because sme believe that the Pacific Ocean will clse when America cllides with Asia. Australia is als expected t play a rle in this imprtant Earth event， first clliding with Asia and then cnnecting America and Asia nce the Pacific Ocean clses，" Huang said.
Changes in the distributin f cntinents and ceans will cause changes in climates， "particularly when cean currents are stpped by cntinental cllisin， r new cean currents are frmed when cntinents break apart，" said study c-authr Zheng-Xiang Li， distinguished prfessr in Curtin’s Schl f Earth and Planetary Sciences."Earth， as we knw， will be cmpletely different when Amasia frms. Sea level is expected t be lwer， and the vast interir f the supercntinent will be very dry with high daily temperature ranges."
Researchers expect mre earthquakes as the cntinental plates cllide. Surrunded by a new supercean， the newly frmed supercntinent will als have decreased bidiversity.
Scientists are still trying t understand Earth’s supercntinent cycle， which is driven by heat and gravity. The research team wants t establish hw Earth’s tectnic plates started and when the first cntinents frmed， as well as what kicked ff the supercntinent cycle."We are nly starting t lk at the entire Earth system， frm its cre t its atmsphere， as a clsely linked system that evlved tgether，" Li said.
随着太平洋的缩小和闭合，在2亿至3亿年内世界上可能会出现一个新的超大陆。研究人员使用超级计算机模拟了地球地壳构造板块的演化以及未来超大陆的形成。
【词语积累】 shrink v.缩小 evlutin n.进化
simulatin n.模拟 interir n.内陆；内部 kick ff开始
【熟词生义】 plate常用义：n.盘子；碟子 文中义：n.板块
1.What leads t the frmatin f the new supercntinent？
A. The rising temperature f Earth.
B. The expansin f the Pacific Ocean.
C. The reduced strength f the tectnic plates.
D. The appearance f many new tectnic plates.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第四段中的"Earth has been cling fr billins f the clsing up f the Pacific Ocean"可知，地球自形成以来已经冷却了数十亿年，海洋下的地壳构造板块的厚度和强度随着时间的推移而减小。因此，一个新的超大陆的形成更有可能发生在太平洋闭合的时候，故选C项。
2.What is believed by sme scientists abut the new supercntinent？
A. The invlving parts.
B. Its climate pattern.
C. The way it breaks apart.
D. Its distance frm Australia.
解析 A 细节理解题。由第五段中的"sme believe that the Pacific Ocean will the Pacific Ocean clses"可知，一些人猜想当美洲与亚洲相撞时，太平洋将闭合。澳大利亚大陆预计也会在这一重要的地球事件中发挥作用，它会首先与亚洲相撞，然后在太平洋闭合时连接美洲和亚洲。由此可知，一些科学家猜想新的超大陆应该包含很多部分，故选A项。
3.What will prbably happen t the newly frmed supercntinent？
A. There will be a rise in sea level.
B. There will be lts f water in the interir.
C. The variety f its living things will be reduced.
D. Its temperature will stay the same all year rund.
解析 C 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的"Surrunded by a new supercean， the newly frmed supercntinent will als have decreased bidiversity"可知，新形成的超大陆被一个新的超级海洋包围，生物多样性也将减少，故选C项。
4.What des the last paragraph mainly want t shw？
A. The entire Earth system faces an uncertain future.
B. The rigin f the supercntinent cycle is hard t trace.
C. Earth’s supercntinent cycle will pse a big threat.
D. There is mre t discver abut the supercntinent cycle.
解析 D 段落大意题。最后一段讲科学家们仍在试图了解地球的超大陆周期，它是由热量和重力驱动的。研究团队希望确定地球的地壳构造板块是如何出现的，第一批大陆是何时形成的，以及什么开启了超大陆周期。由此可知，最后一段主要想说明"关于超大陆周期还有更多的东西待发现"，故选D项。
C
[2024浙江杭州高三一模] That dinsaurs ate the mammals （哺乳动物） that ran beneath their feet is nt in dubt. Nw an extrardinary fssil newly described in ScientificReprts，unearthed by a team led by Gang Han at Hainan Vcatinal University f Science and Technlgy in China， shws that smetimes the tables were turned.
The fssil — dating back t abut 125 millin years ag， during the Cretaceus perid — was frmed when a flw f biling vlcanic mud swallwed tw animals seemingly lcked in a life-and-death fight. The ne n tp is a mammal. This animal is a herbivrus species clsely related t the triceratps （三角恐龙）. Animal interactins such as this are exceptinally rare in the fssil recrd.
One pssibility is that the mammal was eating smething already dead， rather than hunting live prey. These days it is uncmmn fr small mammals t attack much larger animals. But it is nt unheard f. And Dr. Han and his clleagues pint ut that thse mammals which eat dead bdies typically leave tth marks all ver the bnes f the animals. The dinsaur’s remains shw n such marks. There is als a chance that the fssil culd be a fake. Mre and mre cnvincing fakes have emerged， as this ne did — thugh Dr. Han and his clleagues argue that the cmplexly cnnected nature f the skeletns （骨骼） makes that unlikely， t.
Assuming it is genuine， the discvery serves as a reminder that nt all dinsaurs were enrmus during the Cretaceus perid and that nt all mammals were tiny. Frm nse t tail， the dinsaur is just 1.2 meters lng. The mammal is a bit under half a meter in length. Despite being half the size， the mammal has ne paw firmly wrapped arund ne f its prey’s limbs， and anther pulling n its jaw. It is biting dwn n the dinsaur’s chest， and has ripped ff tw f its ribs. Befre they were interrupted， it seems that the mammal was winning.
本文主要介绍了中国海南科技职业大学韩刚团队发表在《科学报告》中的文章，描述了一块非同寻常的化石，该化石表明恐龙会被小型的哺乳动物猎杀。
1.Which idim is clsest in meaning t the underlined part "the tables were turned" in paragraph 1？
A. The fittest survives.
B. The hunters becme hunted.
C. Frtune always favrs the brave.
D. The truth will always cme t light.
解析 B 句意理解题。由第一段中的"That dinsaurs ate the mammals（哺乳动物） that ran beneath their feet is nt in dubt"可知，恐龙捕食哺乳动物不足为奇，但根据韩刚团队的发现"The ne n tp is a mammal"可知，化石反映哺乳动物在捕食恐龙，由此可知，画线部分所在句的意思应为"有时候局面也会有所逆转"，即捕食者可能成为猎物，故B项与画线部分的意义最为接近。
2.Why des the authr mentin the "tth marks" in paragraph 3？
A. T prve the fssil was fake.
B. T shw the frming f the fssil.
C. T illustrate the prcess f hunting.
D. T suggest the dinsaur was hunted alive.
解析 D 推理判断题。由第三段中的"One pssibility is that the mammal was eating smething already dead， rather than hunting live prey"可以推断，作者在第三段讲述韩刚博士及其同事提到了牙印，他们这样做是为了反击哺乳动物是在吃已经死了的恐龙的说法，从而证明恐龙是在活着的时候被猎杀的，故选D。
3.What makes Dr. Han think the fssil is genuine？
A. The size f the fssil.
B. The absence f fake fssils.
C. The cmplexity f the skeletns.
D. The cnsistency f the pinins.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第三段中的"Dr. Han and his clleagues argue that the cmplexly cnnected nature f the skeletns（骨骼） makes that unlikely"可知，由于骨骼的复杂性，韩刚博士及其团队认为化石造假是不可能的，故选C。
4.What is the functin f the last paragraph？
A. It ffers a cause.
B. It highlights a slutin.
C. It justifies the cnclusin.
D. It prvides a new discvery.
解析 C 推理判断题。上文讲到了人们对化石的真伪存有疑问。由最后一段中的"nt all dinsaurs were enrmus during the Cretaceus perid and that nt all mammals were tiny"和对化石中捕食画面的描述可以推测，最后一段提这些是为了证明第一段结论的合理性，故选C。
二、语法填空
[2024安徽六校开学考]Deep in the jungle， the Maya built an empire. And nw， scientists are unlcking mre secrets abut this ancient civilizatin with the discvery f 417 cities 1 （date） back t 2，000 years ag， said TheWashingtnPst.
The cities2 （find） t be cnnected by 110 miles （abut 177 kilmeters） f "highways" in May， which cnsisted f the "wrld’s first-ever extensive system f highways". The "highways"，3 Reuters reprted， were spacius radways 4 （make） in stne. Plus， scientists als fund pyramids， ball game curts and water engineering，5 （include） dams and irrigatin canals.
The Maya civilizatin was "far 6 （advanced） than we thught"， nted TheWashingtnPst. As ne f the greatest 7 （civilizatin） f the Western Hemisphere， the Maya first established settlements arund 1800 BC. Their empire spanned parts f Mexic and several cuntries in Central America， nted the website HISTORY Channel. Peple lng believed that the Maya were still just hunter-gatherers. 8 the new findings shwed that they were already busy creating cities in wrld histry at the time. They did all this in a jungle envirnment， which is rare and impressive. They had t clear rainfrest areas 9 （farm） and built large undergrund reservirs t stre rainwater. Hwever， by 900 BC， many Maya cities were abandned， calling 10 end t the empire.
本文主要讲述了随着417座2000年前的玛雅城市被发现，更多关于玛雅文明的秘密正在被揭示出来。
1.dating 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作非谓语动词。date back t意为"追溯到"，无被动形式，且非谓语动词作后置定语，所以空处填dating。
2.werefund 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作谓语。由时间状语in May可知，此处时态用一般过去时；主语The cities与find是被动关系，且主语是复数，所以空处填were fund。
3.as 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句的内容，且从句意为"正如路透社所报道的那样"，所以空处填as。
4.made 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词radways，make与radways是逻辑上的动宾关系，非谓语所表示动作已完成，所以空处填made。
5.including 考查介词。由常识可知，空前的water engineering与空后的dams、 irrigatin canals是包含关系，所以空处填介词including。句意：此外，科学家们还发现了金字塔、球场和水利工程，包括水坝和灌溉渠。
6.mreadvanced 考查形容词的级。由空后的than可知，空处应用比较级，所以填mre advanced。
7.civilizatins 考查名词的数。"ne f the＋最高级＋名词复数"意为"最……的……之一"，所以空处填civilizatins。
8.But 考查连词。由句意"人们长期以来一直认为玛雅人仍然只是采猎者。然而，新发现显示，他们当时已经忙于在世界历史上创建城市了"可知，前后句之间形成了转折关系，故填But，注意首字母大写。
9.tfarm 考查非谓语动词。由句意"他们必须清理热带雨林地区来耕种并建造大型地下水库来储存雨水"可知，空处用非谓语动词短语作目的状语，所以空处填t farm。
10.an 考查冠词。此处考查固定表达call an end t..."宣布……的结束或终止"，故填an。