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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection课时训练
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection课时训练，共16页。试卷主要包含了5分,满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
单元素养评估卷(三)
时间:120分钟 分数:120分
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.
The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972. Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.
The theme of World Environment Day hosted by India was Beat Plastic Pollution. It urged people to explore and choose alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which makes up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up, tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.
World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won’t be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighbourhood by planting gardens, learning about green foods, raising money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learning about the effects of different products on the earth.
21. Why was World Environment Day set up?
A. To make people know more about nature.
B. To ask people to help to protect the globe.
C. To warn people of the danger of air pollution.
D. To encourage people to plan for the earth’s future.
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “World Environment Day... was created to inspire ...”可知,设立世界环境日的目的是鼓励人们积极参与环境保护并了解多种方法来帮助确保地球将来的安全,故选B。
答案:B
22. What do people do on World Environment Day?
A. Decide a host city.
B. Hold a theme party.
C. Discuss environmental ideas.
D. Show some plastic products.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及第二段最后一句可知,在世界环境日这一天人们主要讨论环境问题。故选C。
答案:C
23. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. Every bit of effort counts.
B. Doing is better than saying.
C. Many hands make light work.
D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
解析:段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知,世界环境日不是公共节日,所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话,为何不让你周围的人关注它呢?后面又列举了一些可以起作用的小事,所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边的小事做起,行动起来保护地球,每个人的微小努力都很重要,故选A。
答案:A
B
As a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without any living things.
Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight. Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms(生物体) to be affected are either plants or plankton. But these organisms are the food of fish and birds and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it’s not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the seashore that people realise what is happening.
Where do the substances which pollute the water come from? There are two main sources of sewage(污水) and industrial waste. As more detergent(洗涤剂) is used in the home, more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas. Detergents harm water birds, dissolving the natural substances which keep their feathers waterproof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful as there are many highly poisonous things in it, such as copper(铜) and lead(铅).
So, if we want to stop this pollution, the answer is simple: sewage and industrial waste must be made clear before flowing into the water. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.
24. When is pollution of water noticed?
A. The first organisms are affected.
B. A good many fish and water birds die.
C. Poisonous things are poured into water.
D. As soon as the balance of nature is destroyed.
解析:细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“... and it’s not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the seashore that people realise what is happening.”可知选B。
答案:B
25. What causes the death of living things in the lake or river?
A. The lacking of fish.
B. The lacking of water.
C. The lacking of air.
D. The lacking of oxygen.
解析:细节理解题。由第三段第五句“Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need.”可知选D。
答案:D
26. Which of the following is harmful according to the text?
A. Organisms.
B. Industrial waste made clear before flowing into the water.
C. Waste water from cleaning.
D. Plants and plankton(浮游生物) in the water.
解析:细节理解题。由第三段可知,污染河流、湖泊和海洋的物质主要源自生活污水和工业废水,故选C。
答案:C
27. How can we stop water pollution?
A. To put oxygen into the river.
B. To realise the serious situation clearly.
C. To make special room in the sea for our rubbish.
D. To make the waste material harmless before it flows into the water.
解析:细节理解题。由最后一段首句后半句“sewage and industrial waste must be made clear before flowing into the water”可知选D。
答案:D
C
The world itself is becoming much smaller because of modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting Earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true.
Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
Earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.
28. Why is our world becoming much smaller?
A. Pollution is increasing.
B. Thanks to science development.
C. Earth is being polluted day and night.
D. Soil is blown away by the wind every year.
解析:细节理解题。由文章的首句得知,世界变得更小是由于“modern traffic and modern communication means”(现代的交通运输工具和现代的沟通工具),而这一切都是由于科学技术的发展,故选B。
答案:B
29. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.
B. The pollution of Earth grows as fast as the world population does.
C. The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people living on Earth.
D. If people could go to work by bus or bike instead of car or motorbike, it would be helpful in fighting against the problem of SO2.
解析:细节理解题。选项C与第二段的第三句相似,但它缺少了前提条件many years ago (以前不严重而现在严重),故选C。
答案:C
30. What can we learn about air pollution?
A. It makes much noise.
B. It makes us angry more easily.
C. It makes our rivers and lakes dirty.
D. It does harm to living things around the world.
解析:推理判断题。根据第四段的第一、二句“Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world ...”可知,空气污染会危害全世界的生物。故选D。
答案:D
31. What can be inferred from the text?
A. We should care more about Earth.
B. We should take it for granted that pollution will rise.
C. We should just keep the land and water clean to avoid pollution.
D. We should take care of ourselves.
解析:推理判断题。由最后一段第一、二句“Earth is our home. We must take care of it.”可知,人类应该关爱地球。B选项错在take it for granted;C选项不全面;D选项未提及。故选A。
答案:A
D
In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping. According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere.
In the past, concern about man-made warming of Earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence suggests that warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms Earth.
However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern part of Earth, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has the most effect on the weather?
One possibility is the behaviour of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots, that is, the relatively less hot spots, on the sun. This seems to have a greater effect on the distribution of Earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable(可变的) over a long term. Its heat output goes up and down in cycles. The latest downwards trend is on the way. But that is only an imagination.
32. Which of the following is TRUE about the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
A. It would prevent the sun’s rays from reaching Earth’s surface.
B. It would mean warming in the Arctic.
C. It would raise the temperature of Earth’s surface.
D. It would account for great changes in the climate.
解析:细节理解题。文章第一段讲到二氧化碳在大气中吸收太阳的光线并阻挡热量的流失,第二段最后一句话又再次提到二氧化碳能使地球变暖的理论。故选C。
答案:C
33. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To explain the greenhouse effects.
B. To explain the solar effects on Earth.
C. To explain the solar weather.
D. To explain the causes affecting the weather.
解析:写作意图题。全文讲述的是影响气候的诸多因素。选项A、B、C在文中均被提及但不足以概括全文的主旨,故选D。
答案:D
34. What can we learn from the text?
A. The activity of the sun affects the weather on Earth.
B. The melting ice caps in the poles can bring us enough fresh water.
C. Earth’s climate can lead to the temperature’s becoming lower.
D. The rising carbon dioxide makes Earth cool.
解析:推理判断题。从第三段可知,科学家们认为这一现象的产生是因为到目前为止,自然界对气候的影响要大于人类对气候的影响。而究竟是哪种自然力量对气候的影响最大呢?文章第四段第一句话给出了答案:其中一个可能就是太阳的活动。故选A。
答案:A
35. What can we learn about the influences on the weather?
A. Wind circulation’s influence is bigger.
B. Natural influence is bigger.
C. Atmosphere pressure’s influence is bigger.
D. Man’s influence is bigger.
解析:推理判断题。由第三段的“natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man”可知,自然界对气候的影响要大于人类对气候的影响,exceed意为“超过”。故选B。
答案:B
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Swap, Don’t Shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn’t end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? 36. . It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It’s really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
• Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection. 37. , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
• 38. . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
• Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.
39. . Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
• Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go”, or turn on a certain song, or whatever. 40. . And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it’s a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
36. 解析:本句是回答前一句所问“那么怎么来处理堆在卧室地板上那些完好却又有点让人厌倦的衣服呢?”,B项“举办衣物交换派对”给出回答,同时引出文章主题,与下文“A successful swap”呼应,故选B。
答案:B
37. 解析:前一句提到5~10人参加为宜;而本句后半分句提到超过这么多人,情况会难以控制。由此可知,此处是指人数少于这么多的话,将没有足够的衣物可供选择。故选A。
答案:A
38. 解析:根据后一句“他们也应该准备足够的环保袋,把他们的‘新’衣服带回家。”可知,“告诉大家带干净完好的衣服”符合语境。故选G。
答案:G
39. 解析:根据前一句“把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同区域。”可知,空处是承接上文,让大家把要交换的衣服放在正确的地方以供挑选和试穿。故选F。
答案:F
40. 解析:根据最后一段最后两句“不要忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住,这是派对!”可知,在派对上要一直放音乐。故选D。
答案:D
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One evening, Catherine was at home as usual. As her 41
swung between what she was going to do with her life and her dinner plans for the evening, she was unexpectedly 42 by an urgent call from her sister. “Get over here! Turn on NBC and check these guys out. They are just like you ...” One message and a phone interview later, Catherine found herself on a bus with 8 strangers in the middle of the sweltering desert heat of Utah, picking up trash and 43 awareness about zero-waste and climate change.
With a deep love of the environment and a desire to make a 44 , Catherine, Davey and a group of self 45 “environmental pick-up artists” went on a coast-to-coast roadside trash pick-up. As they walked, sometimes only 46 0.9 miles in an entire day, they 47 and steadily made their way across the United States for three years, picking up a total of 201,678 pounds of trash.
Catherine and Davey 48 with us wonderful stories of hope and inspiration that fuelled their 49 to continue their journey. After spending weeks silently worrying about how she would have enough money to fly home for their two-week spring break, Catherine found a blank, unidentified envelope 50 with $850 cash in the desert. Just enough to get her home and back. After their bus 51 outside Denver, they unexpectedly got help and arrived in Yosemite National Park three weeks later, just in time for the “Yosemite Facelift” where 52 from all over the state came together with a 53 of cleaning up trash all over the park.
Being at the right place at the right time became almost normal, and they realised that much of what they 54 was more than just a coincidence. Together, their team learned to simply 55 themselves to their task, and surrender to the journey.
41. A. hands B. balance
C. thoughts D. position
解析:根据下文中的“swung between what she was going to do with her life and her dinner plans for the evening”可知,凯瑟琳的思绪在如何处理她的生活和晚餐计划之间摇摆。hand手;balance均衡,平衡;thought想法,思绪;position位置。故选C。
答案:C
42. A. blamed B. interrupted
C. moved D. frightened
解析:根据下文中的“by an urgent call from her sister”可知,她的思绪被她姐姐的紧急电话打断了。blame责备;interrupt打断;move移动;frighten使惊吓。故选B。
答案:B
43. A. abandoning B. shaking
C. raising D. hiding
解析:根据下文可知,此处指提高对于零浪费和气候变化的意识。abandon抛弃;shake摇动;raise提高;hide隐藏。故选C。
答案:C
44. A. difference B. promise
C. mistake D. plan
解析:difference差别,差异;promise诺言,承诺;mistake错误;plan计划。make a difference有影响,为固定搭配。故选A。
答案:A
45. A. corrected B. described
C. repeated D. discovered
解析:correct纠正;describe描述;repeat重复;discover发现。self described意为“自称……的”。故选B。
答案:B
46. A. driving B. fixing
C. riding D. covering
解析:当他们步行时,有时一整天只走0.9英里路。drive开车;fix修理,安装;ride骑;cover走过,覆盖。故选D。
答案:D
47. A. slowly B. secretly
C. helplessly D. frequently
解析:根据上文中的“0.9 miles in an entire day”可知,当他们步行时,有时一整天只走0.9英里路,速度缓慢。slowly缓慢地;secretly秘密地;helplessly无助地;frequently频繁地。故选A。
答案:A
48. A. heard B. shared
C. wrote D. read
解析:hear听见;share分享;write写;read读。share (sth) with sb意为“与某人分享”,符合语境。故选B。
答案:B
49. A. efforts B. costs
C. problems D. choices
解析:凯瑟琳和戴维跟“我们”分享了关于希望和灵感的精彩故事,这些故事激励他们努力继续他们的旅程。effort努力;cost费用,成本;problem问题;choice选择。故选A。
答案:A
50. A. equipped B. supplied
C. decorated D. filled
解析:根据语境可知,凯瑟琳在沙漠中发现了一个空白的、未署名的信封,里面装着850美元现金。equip配备,装备;supply提供;decorate装饰;fill填满,装满。be filled with意为“用……装满”。故选D。
答案:D
51. A. set off B. broke down
C. headed for D. held on
解析:根据下文中的“they unexpectedly got help and arrived in Yosemite National Park three weeks later”可推知,他们的汽车出了故障。set off动身,出发;break down出故障;head for前往;hold on坚持,继续。故选B。
答案:B
52. A. members B. volunteers
C. tourists D. reporters
解析:根据下文中的“cleaning up trash all over the park”可知,此处指来自全国的志愿者聚集到了一起。member成员;volunteer志愿者;tourist游客;reporter记者。故选B。
答案:B
53. A. purpose B. question
C. decision D. lesson
解析:来自全国的志愿者聚集到了一起,目的是清理整个公园里的垃圾。purpose目的;question问题;decision决定;lesson课程,教训。故选A。
答案:A
54. A. introduced B. expected
C. experienced D. examined
解析:他们意识到他们所经历的大多数事情都不仅仅是巧合。introduce介绍;expect预料,期待;experience经历;examine检查。故选C。
答案:C
55. A. turn B. limit
C. compare D. devote
解析:他们的团队学会了致力于他们的任务。turn旋转,转身;limit限制;compare比较,对比;devote致力于,奉献。devote oneself to ... 意为“致力于……”,符合语境。故选D。
答案:D
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country 56. (disappear) from Earth. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by sudden high tides when there was neither wind 57. rain. “This never happened before,” say the elders of Kiribati.
What is causing these terrible high tides? 58. answer may well be the global warming. When fuels like oil and coal 59.
(be) being burned, pollutants are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water 60.
(expand).
If the trend continues, many countries will suffer. Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The island nations of the Pacific, however, would face an even 61. (bad) situation—they would be swallowed(淹没) by the sea.
The people of these nations are very upset about their future. The sea, 62. which their economies have always been based, is
63. (sudden) threatening their existence. They don’t have money for expensive technological solutions. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are produced mainly by large 64.
(industrialise) countries. What they can do is hope that these countries will take 65. (step) to reduce pollution.
56. 解析:空格处为that从句的谓语动词,此处表示“担心他们的国家将会从地球上消失”。故填will disappear。
答案:will disappear
57. 解析:并列连词词组neither ... nor ...表示“既不……也不……”。故填nor。
答案:nor
58. 解析:特指前面问题的答案,用定冠词。故填The。
答案:The
59. 解析:主语为复数名词fuels,时态为一般现在时。故填are。
答案:are
60. 解析:cause ... to do ...是固定用法。故填to expand。
答案:to expand
61. 解析:空格处为形容词修饰其后的名词,空前有even,even修饰形容词比较级。故填worse。
答案:worse
62. 解析:固定搭配base on表示“以……为基础”。故填on。
答案:on
63. 解析:修饰动词应用副词。故填suddenly。
答案:suddenly
64. 解析:此处过去分词industrialised 作定语修饰countries,表示动作已完成。故填industrialised。
答案:industrialised
65. 解析:take steps采取措施。故填steps。
答案:steps
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是学生会的一员,为了拥有一个更美好的校园,你发出了全员环保的倡议,并根据下列提示写一封倡议信,内容包括:
(1)步行上学;
(2)随手捡起垃圾、关掉电源;
(3)循环使用课本。
注意:
(1)词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);
(2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear friends,
Do you want a beautiful school? Your answer must be “Yes”. Building up a beautiful school is every student’s responsibility and duty. But how can we make it?
First, we should develop the habit of walking to school. Moreover, recycling textbooks can do good, because it can save a lot of natural resources like trees and water. Last but not least, it is of great benefit to our campus to pick up any rubbish and turn off lights when leaving the classroom.
Let’s spare no efforts to act together. I strongly believe that our school can become increasingly beautiful.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
During lunchtime, Emma suggested going to the zoo to feed the animals and her mum agreed.
“We’ll stop by the bakery and pick some bread up. Now hurry and eat, then we’ll go. It’s going to be a lovely day. Grandma is coming with us. She’ll be here any minute,” mum said.
Emma ate her lunch and then ran into her room to get her shoes. The problem was that she could only find one of them. She looked under her bed, but all she could see were dirty towels and pants. She moved some of her toys out of the way, but still couldn’t find her shoe. After she’d checked everywhere in her room, she ran into the kitchen. “Mum, I can’t find my shoe. Will you wait while I look for it?” she asked.
Her mum thought about how many times she’d told Emma to clean her room up. She whispered something to Emma’s grandma and then said to Emma, “You will have to stay home. Your dad and I will take Ryan to the zoo. Grandma will stay here with you.”
“No! Please wait for me. I want to go to the zoo,” Emma cried. “I’m sorry, Emma. I’ve told you a dozen times to clean your room and you ignored me. You can’t find your shoe now. It’s your own fault for not doing as I asked. You will stay home.”
Emma ran into her bedroom, crying. Her mum came to the door and said, “Emma, clean that room of yours before I get home. I’ve told grandma not to give you any sweets until you finish the work.” She went out to the car with Ryan and Emma’s dad and then they drove away.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150左右;
(2)请按如下格式作答。
Emma sat on her bed and cried for a long time. And then she wiped her eyes and started to clean her room. It took her two hours to clean up the room. “I did it!” she said proudly. She even found her missing shoe. She ran into the living room. “Grandma! Come and see. I cleaned my room and found my shoe.” Grandma looked in Emma’s room. “If you had kept it this way, you wouldn’t have lost your shoe. Come and have some sweets now,” she said.
Emma and her grandma were sitting at the table, eating when her mum, dad, and Ryan came home. “Well, look at Emma’s room! It’s clean,” her dad said. “How was the zoo? Did you have fun? I wish I could have gone there with you,” Emma said. “If you keep your room clean, we may go and see animals again,” her mum said. From then on, Emma tried her best to keep her room clean.
单元素养评估卷(三)
时间:120分钟 分数:120分
第二部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.
The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972. Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.
The theme of World Environment Day hosted by India was Beat Plastic Pollution. It urged people to explore and choose alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which makes up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up, tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.
World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won’t be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighbourhood by planting gardens, learning about green foods, raising money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learning about the effects of different products on the earth.
21. Why was World Environment Day set up?
A. To make people know more about nature.
B. To ask people to help to protect the globe.
C. To warn people of the danger of air pollution.
D. To encourage people to plan for the earth’s future.
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “World Environment Day... was created to inspire ...”可知,设立世界环境日的目的是鼓励人们积极参与环境保护并了解多种方法来帮助确保地球将来的安全,故选B。
答案:B
22. What do people do on World Environment Day?
A. Decide a host city.
B. Hold a theme party.
C. Discuss environmental ideas.
D. Show some plastic products.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及第二段最后一句可知,在世界环境日这一天人们主要讨论环境问题。故选C。
答案:C
23. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A. Every bit of effort counts.
B. Doing is better than saying.
C. Many hands make light work.
D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
解析:段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知,世界环境日不是公共节日,所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话,为何不让你周围的人关注它呢?后面又列举了一些可以起作用的小事,所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边的小事做起,行动起来保护地球,每个人的微小努力都很重要,故选A。
答案:A
B
As a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the USA and Canada, is now without any living things.
Pollution in water is not simply a matter of “poisons” killing large numbers of fish overnight. Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms(生物体) to be affected are either plants or plankton. But these organisms are the food of fish and birds and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it’s not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the seashore that people realise what is happening.
Where do the substances which pollute the water come from? There are two main sources of sewage(污水) and industrial waste. As more detergent(洗涤剂) is used in the home, more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas. Detergents harm water birds, dissolving the natural substances which keep their feathers waterproof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful as there are many highly poisonous things in it, such as copper(铜) and lead(铅).
So, if we want to stop this pollution, the answer is simple: sewage and industrial waste must be made clear before flowing into the water. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.
24. When is pollution of water noticed?
A. The first organisms are affected.
B. A good many fish and water birds die.
C. Poisonous things are poured into water.
D. As soon as the balance of nature is destroyed.
解析:细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“... and it’s not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river’s edge or on the seashore that people realise what is happening.”可知选B。
答案:B
25. What causes the death of living things in the lake or river?
A. The lacking of fish.
B. The lacking of water.
C. The lacking of air.
D. The lacking of oxygen.
解析:细节理解题。由第三段第五句“Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need.”可知选D。
答案:D
26. Which of the following is harmful according to the text?
A. Organisms.
B. Industrial waste made clear before flowing into the water.
C. Waste water from cleaning.
D. Plants and plankton(浮游生物) in the water.
解析:细节理解题。由第三段可知,污染河流、湖泊和海洋的物质主要源自生活污水和工业废水,故选C。
答案:C
27. How can we stop water pollution?
A. To put oxygen into the river.
B. To realise the serious situation clearly.
C. To make special room in the sea for our rubbish.
D. To make the waste material harmless before it flows into the water.
解析:细节理解题。由最后一段首句后半句“sewage and industrial waste must be made clear before flowing into the water”可知选D。
答案:D
C
The world itself is becoming much smaller because of modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest problems is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
Man has been polluting Earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true.
Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.
Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by SO2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is caused by heavy traffic. We are sure that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
Earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must take care of the rise in pollution at the same time.
28. Why is our world becoming much smaller?
A. Pollution is increasing.
B. Thanks to science development.
C. Earth is being polluted day and night.
D. Soil is blown away by the wind every year.
解析:细节理解题。由文章的首句得知,世界变得更小是由于“modern traffic and modern communication means”(现代的交通运输工具和现代的沟通工具),而这一切都是由于科学技术的发展,故选B。
答案:B
29. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.
B. The pollution of Earth grows as fast as the world population does.
C. The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people living on Earth.
D. If people could go to work by bus or bike instead of car or motorbike, it would be helpful in fighting against the problem of SO2.
解析:细节理解题。选项C与第二段的第三句相似,但它缺少了前提条件many years ago (以前不严重而现在严重),故选C。
答案:C
30. What can we learn about air pollution?
A. It makes much noise.
B. It makes us angry more easily.
C. It makes our rivers and lakes dirty.
D. It does harm to living things around the world.
解析:推理判断题。根据第四段的第一、二句“Air pollution is still the most serious. It’s bad for all living things in the world ...”可知,空气污染会危害全世界的生物。故选D。
答案:D
31. What can be inferred from the text?
A. We should care more about Earth.
B. We should take it for granted that pollution will rise.
C. We should just keep the land and water clean to avoid pollution.
D. We should take care of ourselves.
解析:推理判断题。由最后一段第一、二句“Earth is our home. We must take care of it.”可知,人类应该关爱地球。B选项错在take it for granted;C选项不全面;D选项未提及。故选A。
答案:A
D
In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide allows the sun’s rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping. According to a weather expert’s prediction, the atmosphere will be warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming took place, the ice caps in the poles would begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere.
In the past, concern about man-made warming of Earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by warming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels. Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence suggests that warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms Earth.
However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern part of Earth, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has the most effect on the weather?
One possibility is the behaviour of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and “cold” spots, that is, the relatively less hot spots, on the sun. This seems to have a greater effect on the distribution of Earth’s atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also variable(可变的) over a long term. Its heat output goes up and down in cycles. The latest downwards trend is on the way. But that is only an imagination.
32. Which of the following is TRUE about the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
A. It would prevent the sun’s rays from reaching Earth’s surface.
B. It would mean warming in the Arctic.
C. It would raise the temperature of Earth’s surface.
D. It would account for great changes in the climate.
解析:细节理解题。文章第一段讲到二氧化碳在大气中吸收太阳的光线并阻挡热量的流失,第二段最后一句话又再次提到二氧化碳能使地球变暖的理论。故选C。
答案:C
33. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To explain the greenhouse effects.
B. To explain the solar effects on Earth.
C. To explain the solar weather.
D. To explain the causes affecting the weather.
解析:写作意图题。全文讲述的是影响气候的诸多因素。选项A、B、C在文中均被提及但不足以概括全文的主旨,故选D。
答案:D
34. What can we learn from the text?
A. The activity of the sun affects the weather on Earth.
B. The melting ice caps in the poles can bring us enough fresh water.
C. Earth’s climate can lead to the temperature’s becoming lower.
D. The rising carbon dioxide makes Earth cool.
解析:推理判断题。从第三段可知,科学家们认为这一现象的产生是因为到目前为止,自然界对气候的影响要大于人类对气候的影响。而究竟是哪种自然力量对气候的影响最大呢?文章第四段第一句话给出了答案:其中一个可能就是太阳的活动。故选A。
答案:A
35. What can we learn about the influences on the weather?
A. Wind circulation’s influence is bigger.
B. Natural influence is bigger.
C. Atmosphere pressure’s influence is bigger.
D. Man’s influence is bigger.
解析:推理判断题。由第三段的“natural influences on the weather have exceeded those caused by man”可知,自然界对气候的影响要大于人类对气候的影响,exceed意为“超过”。故选B。
答案:B
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Swap, Don’t Shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn’t end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? 36. . It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It’s really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
• Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection. 37. , and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
• 38. . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
• Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.
39. . Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
• Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go”, or turn on a certain song, or whatever. 40. . And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it’s a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
36. 解析:本句是回答前一句所问“那么怎么来处理堆在卧室地板上那些完好却又有点让人厌倦的衣服呢?”,B项“举办衣物交换派对”给出回答,同时引出文章主题,与下文“A successful swap”呼应,故选B。
答案:B
37. 解析:前一句提到5~10人参加为宜;而本句后半分句提到超过这么多人,情况会难以控制。由此可知,此处是指人数少于这么多的话,将没有足够的衣物可供选择。故选A。
答案:A
38. 解析:根据后一句“他们也应该准备足够的环保袋,把他们的‘新’衣服带回家。”可知,“告诉大家带干净完好的衣服”符合语境。故选G。
答案:G
39. 解析:根据前一句“把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同区域。”可知,空处是承接上文,让大家把要交换的衣服放在正确的地方以供挑选和试穿。故选F。
答案:F
40. 解析:根据最后一段最后两句“不要忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住,这是派对!”可知,在派对上要一直放音乐。故选D。
答案:D
第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One evening, Catherine was at home as usual. As her 41
swung between what she was going to do with her life and her dinner plans for the evening, she was unexpectedly 42 by an urgent call from her sister. “Get over here! Turn on NBC and check these guys out. They are just like you ...” One message and a phone interview later, Catherine found herself on a bus with 8 strangers in the middle of the sweltering desert heat of Utah, picking up trash and 43 awareness about zero-waste and climate change.
With a deep love of the environment and a desire to make a 44 , Catherine, Davey and a group of self 45 “environmental pick-up artists” went on a coast-to-coast roadside trash pick-up. As they walked, sometimes only 46 0.9 miles in an entire day, they 47 and steadily made their way across the United States for three years, picking up a total of 201,678 pounds of trash.
Catherine and Davey 48 with us wonderful stories of hope and inspiration that fuelled their 49 to continue their journey. After spending weeks silently worrying about how she would have enough money to fly home for their two-week spring break, Catherine found a blank, unidentified envelope 50 with $850 cash in the desert. Just enough to get her home and back. After their bus 51 outside Denver, they unexpectedly got help and arrived in Yosemite National Park three weeks later, just in time for the “Yosemite Facelift” where 52 from all over the state came together with a 53 of cleaning up trash all over the park.
Being at the right place at the right time became almost normal, and they realised that much of what they 54 was more than just a coincidence. Together, their team learned to simply 55 themselves to their task, and surrender to the journey.
41. A. hands B. balance
C. thoughts D. position
解析:根据下文中的“swung between what she was going to do with her life and her dinner plans for the evening”可知,凯瑟琳的思绪在如何处理她的生活和晚餐计划之间摇摆。hand手;balance均衡,平衡;thought想法,思绪;position位置。故选C。
答案:C
42. A. blamed B. interrupted
C. moved D. frightened
解析:根据下文中的“by an urgent call from her sister”可知,她的思绪被她姐姐的紧急电话打断了。blame责备;interrupt打断;move移动;frighten使惊吓。故选B。
答案:B
43. A. abandoning B. shaking
C. raising D. hiding
解析:根据下文可知,此处指提高对于零浪费和气候变化的意识。abandon抛弃;shake摇动;raise提高;hide隐藏。故选C。
答案:C
44. A. difference B. promise
C. mistake D. plan
解析:difference差别,差异;promise诺言,承诺;mistake错误;plan计划。make a difference有影响,为固定搭配。故选A。
答案:A
45. A. corrected B. described
C. repeated D. discovered
解析:correct纠正;describe描述;repeat重复;discover发现。self described意为“自称……的”。故选B。
答案:B
46. A. driving B. fixing
C. riding D. covering
解析:当他们步行时,有时一整天只走0.9英里路。drive开车;fix修理,安装;ride骑;cover走过,覆盖。故选D。
答案:D
47. A. slowly B. secretly
C. helplessly D. frequently
解析:根据上文中的“0.9 miles in an entire day”可知,当他们步行时,有时一整天只走0.9英里路,速度缓慢。slowly缓慢地;secretly秘密地;helplessly无助地;frequently频繁地。故选A。
答案:A
48. A. heard B. shared
C. wrote D. read
解析:hear听见;share分享;write写;read读。share (sth) with sb意为“与某人分享”,符合语境。故选B。
答案:B
49. A. efforts B. costs
C. problems D. choices
解析:凯瑟琳和戴维跟“我们”分享了关于希望和灵感的精彩故事,这些故事激励他们努力继续他们的旅程。effort努力;cost费用,成本;problem问题;choice选择。故选A。
答案:A
50. A. equipped B. supplied
C. decorated D. filled
解析:根据语境可知,凯瑟琳在沙漠中发现了一个空白的、未署名的信封,里面装着850美元现金。equip配备,装备;supply提供;decorate装饰;fill填满,装满。be filled with意为“用……装满”。故选D。
答案:D
51. A. set off B. broke down
C. headed for D. held on
解析:根据下文中的“they unexpectedly got help and arrived in Yosemite National Park three weeks later”可推知,他们的汽车出了故障。set off动身,出发;break down出故障;head for前往;hold on坚持,继续。故选B。
答案:B
52. A. members B. volunteers
C. tourists D. reporters
解析:根据下文中的“cleaning up trash all over the park”可知,此处指来自全国的志愿者聚集到了一起。member成员;volunteer志愿者;tourist游客;reporter记者。故选B。
答案:B
53. A. purpose B. question
C. decision D. lesson
解析:来自全国的志愿者聚集到了一起,目的是清理整个公园里的垃圾。purpose目的;question问题;decision决定;lesson课程,教训。故选A。
答案:A
54. A. introduced B. expected
C. experienced D. examined
解析:他们意识到他们所经历的大多数事情都不仅仅是巧合。introduce介绍;expect预料,期待;experience经历;examine检查。故选C。
答案:C
55. A. turn B. limit
C. compare D. devote
解析:他们的团队学会了致力于他们的任务。turn旋转,转身;limit限制;compare比较,对比;devote致力于,奉献。devote oneself to ... 意为“致力于……”,符合语境。故选D。
答案:D
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The people of Kiribati are afraid that one day in the not-too-distant future, their country 56. (disappear) from Earth. Several times this year, the Pacific island nation has been flooded by sudden high tides when there was neither wind 57. rain. “This never happened before,” say the elders of Kiribati.
What is causing these terrible high tides? 58. answer may well be the global warming. When fuels like oil and coal 59.
(be) being burned, pollutants are released; these pollutants trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere. Warmer temperatures cause water 60.
(expand).
If the trend continues, many countries will suffer. Bangladesh, for example, might lose one-fifth of its land. The island nations of the Pacific, however, would face an even 61. (bad) situation—they would be swallowed(淹没) by the sea.
The people of these nations are very upset about their future. The sea, 62. which their economies have always been based, is
63. (sudden) threatening their existence. They don’t have money for expensive technological solutions. And they have no control over the pollutants, which are produced mainly by large 64.
(industrialise) countries. What they can do is hope that these countries will take 65. (step) to reduce pollution.
56. 解析:空格处为that从句的谓语动词,此处表示“担心他们的国家将会从地球上消失”。故填will disappear。
答案:will disappear
57. 解析:并列连词词组neither ... nor ...表示“既不……也不……”。故填nor。
答案:nor
58. 解析:特指前面问题的答案,用定冠词。故填The。
答案:The
59. 解析:主语为复数名词fuels,时态为一般现在时。故填are。
答案:are
60. 解析:cause ... to do ...是固定用法。故填to expand。
答案:to expand
61. 解析:空格处为形容词修饰其后的名词,空前有even,even修饰形容词比较级。故填worse。
答案:worse
62. 解析:固定搭配base on表示“以……为基础”。故填on。
答案:on
63. 解析:修饰动词应用副词。故填suddenly。
答案:suddenly
64. 解析:此处过去分词industrialised 作定语修饰countries,表示动作已完成。故填industrialised。
答案:industrialised
65. 解析:take steps采取措施。故填steps。
答案:steps
第四部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假设你是学生会的一员,为了拥有一个更美好的校园,你发出了全员环保的倡议,并根据下列提示写一封倡议信,内容包括:
(1)步行上学;
(2)随手捡起垃圾、关掉电源;
(3)循环使用课本。
注意:
(1)词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);
(2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear friends,
Do you want a beautiful school? Your answer must be “Yes”. Building up a beautiful school is every student’s responsibility and duty. But how can we make it?
First, we should develop the habit of walking to school. Moreover, recycling textbooks can do good, because it can save a lot of natural resources like trees and water. Last but not least, it is of great benefit to our campus to pick up any rubbish and turn off lights when leaving the classroom.
Let’s spare no efforts to act together. I strongly believe that our school can become increasingly beautiful.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
During lunchtime, Emma suggested going to the zoo to feed the animals and her mum agreed.
“We’ll stop by the bakery and pick some bread up. Now hurry and eat, then we’ll go. It’s going to be a lovely day. Grandma is coming with us. She’ll be here any minute,” mum said.
Emma ate her lunch and then ran into her room to get her shoes. The problem was that she could only find one of them. She looked under her bed, but all she could see were dirty towels and pants. She moved some of her toys out of the way, but still couldn’t find her shoe. After she’d checked everywhere in her room, she ran into the kitchen. “Mum, I can’t find my shoe. Will you wait while I look for it?” she asked.
Her mum thought about how many times she’d told Emma to clean her room up. She whispered something to Emma’s grandma and then said to Emma, “You will have to stay home. Your dad and I will take Ryan to the zoo. Grandma will stay here with you.”
“No! Please wait for me. I want to go to the zoo,” Emma cried. “I’m sorry, Emma. I’ve told you a dozen times to clean your room and you ignored me. You can’t find your shoe now. It’s your own fault for not doing as I asked. You will stay home.”
Emma ran into her bedroom, crying. Her mum came to the door and said, “Emma, clean that room of yours before I get home. I’ve told grandma not to give you any sweets until you finish the work.” She went out to the car with Ryan and Emma’s dad and then they drove away.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150左右;
(2)请按如下格式作答。
Emma sat on her bed and cried for a long time. And then she wiped her eyes and started to clean her room. It took her two hours to clean up the room. “I did it!” she said proudly. She even found her missing shoe. She ran into the living room. “Grandma! Come and see. I cleaned my room and found my shoe.” Grandma looked in Emma’s room. “If you had kept it this way, you wouldn’t have lost your shoe. Come and have some sweets now,” she said.
Emma and her grandma were sitting at the table, eating when her mum, dad, and Ryan came home. “Well, look at Emma’s room! It’s clean,” her dad said. “How was the zoo? Did you have fun? I wish I could have gone there with you,” Emma said. “If you keep your room clean, we may go and see animals again,” her mum said. From then on, Emma tried her best to keep her room clean.
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