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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection课后复习题
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection课后复习题，共12页。
Section Ⅳ Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确单词
1. Thousands of people will starve(饿死) if food doesn’t reach the city on time.
2. We are being cautious about releasing(发布) one of the photos.
3. The recruitment prevented the downward trend(趋势) in the unemployment rate of the area.
4. The host seized(抓住) my hand and shook it heartily.
5. Their harmonious(和谐的) relationship resulted from their similar goals.
6. Teachers must be sensitive(敏感的) to their students’ needs.
7. We sincerely hope that you will soon be restored(恢复) to health.
8. The regulations(规章制度) are made to protect women’s and children’s rights and interests.
9. The government has launched a campaign(运动) against smoking.
10. I don’t know how you have tolerated(忍受) that noise.
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空
on behalf of, dozens of, have an impact on, amounts of, be trapped in, result in, seize every opportunity, in response to,
be responsible for, bring about
1. The destruction of forests has brought about environmental damage.
2. Dozens of soldiers have been working day and night for months.
3. Distraction when driving often results in disastrous accidents.
4. On behalf of everyone here I want to thank you for your help.
5. It was some time before the door opened in response to his knocks.
6. One thousand people were trapped in the damaged building, most of whom were saved in the end.
7. The dry weather is having an impact on agriculture, which is likely to cause some food prices to rise.
8. A teacher is responsible for the conduct of pupils in the classroom.
9. There are stories about his generosity, the massive amounts of money he gave to charities.
10. The Canadian girl has seized every opportunity to practise her Chinese.
Ⅲ. 句式仿写
1. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
句式:There is little/no doubt that ...
仿写:毫无疑问,爱好深刻地影响着人们的生活。
There is no doubt that hobbies have a great influence on people’s life.
2. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
句式:It is our responsibility to do ...
仿写:教育孩子们诚实、慷慨是我们的责任。
It is our responsibility to educate the children about being honest and generous.
3. As is known to all, smog is harmful to everyone.
句式:As is known to all ...
仿写:众所周知,语言能反映出其背后的文化与习俗。
As is known to all, languages can reflect the culture and customs behind them.
4. It is obvious that we should plant more trees to fight against sandstorms.
句式:It is obvious that ...
仿写:旧方法显然不能满足新的要求。
It is obvious that the old method cannot meet new requirements.
5. It is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
句式:It is believed that ...
仿写:人们相信,总有一天我们将能充分利用太阳能。
It is believed that we shall make full use of the sun’s energy some day.
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt.
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
解析:段落大意题。在第二段中,作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度,没有任何地区幸免或不受影响,故选A。
答案:A
2. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
解析:推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.”可知,对野火的控制在控制了森林大火的同时,使得加利福尼亚州的森林里挤满了小树,它们与大树争夺资源,这对大树产生了不利的影响。故选D。
答案:D
3. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A. Inadequate snowmelt.
B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness of the air.
解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段“... the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures ... and earlier snowmelt ...”可知,造成加利福尼亚州水资源短缺的最大因素是气温升高,以及较早的融雪。故选C。
答案:C
4. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
解析:标题归纳题。通读全文可知,自20世纪30年代以来,加利福尼亚州已经失去了一半的大树,文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加利福尼亚州森林的大树都去哪儿了”这一话题展开。故选A。
答案:A
B
By the end of the century,if not sooner,the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms,these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots,leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die,they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth,since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Centre for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,” she said,“but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
5. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
解析:段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知,到21世纪末,由于气候变暖,世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。根据第二段内容可知,这种现象的核心是一种叫作浮游植物的微小海洋微生物。在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等,这取决于浮游植物的类型和密度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。故选B。
答案:B
6. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial.
C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.”可知,气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选A。
答案:A
7. What can we learn from the text?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
解析:推理判断题。根据第四段中“The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.”可知,浮游植物多了,水域会变得更绿。故选D。
答案:D
8. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
解析:主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨:到21世纪末,由于气候变暖,世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。故选C。
答案:C
C
A City in the Jungle
In the summer of 1848, in Guatemala, a man called Ambrosio Tut went out into the jungle, as he did almost every day. Tut was a gum collector, looking for gum in the jungle. 9. One day, he got to the top of one tree and something caught his eye. He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of some old buildings.
10. He ran to tell the local governor excitedly, and together they walked into the jungle. There they found Tikal, the city that the Mayans had built many hundreds of years before. The two men saw pyramids, squares and houses.
For a long time before that day, local people had known that somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city. 11. Between 200 and 900 AD, the city of Tikal had been the centre of Mayan civilisation(文明) in the area, but then the Mayans left it—nobody knows why!After 1000 AD, the jungle began to cover it. 12.
Seven years before Tut found Tikal, two British explorers had gone to Guatemala and had written a report about Mayan treasures in the jungle—but they hadn’t mentioned Tikal. Even earlier than this, local Indians had told people about a great city hidden in the trees, but no one had listened to them. 13. Now the lost city had been found again, and people went there immediately to see it.
A. But no one had seen it for centuries.
B. To do this, he had to climb the trees.
C. And then people forgot that it was there.
D. So they lost the chance to find the treasure.
E. Tut found many other treasures after that.
F. More and more scientists began to study the Mayan city.
G. Tut didn’t really know what he had seen but he knew it was something special.
9. 解析:根据上文中的“Tut was a gum collector, looking for gum in the jungle.”及下文中的“he got to the top of one tree”可知,图特是树胶采集者,当他爬到树上寻找树胶时发现了蒂卡尔。故选B。
答案:B
10. 解析:根据下文中的“He ran to tell ...walked into the jungle.”可知,图特不知道他看到的是什么建筑,但他知道那肯定不一般,所以他兴奋地跑去找当地的长官同他前往那里一探究竟。故选G。
答案:G
11. 解析:根据上文中的“For a long time before that day ... there was an old Mayan city.”及下文中的“After 1000 AD, the jungle began to cover it.”可知,当地人知道丛林里有一座玛雅古城,但几百年来都没有人见过它。故选A。
答案:A
12. 解析:根据上文中的“the jungle began to cover it”可知,森林覆盖住了这座玛雅古城,所以人们渐渐地忘记了它的存在。故选C。
答案:C
13. 解析:根据上文中的“Even earlier than this ... had listened to them.”可知,当地印第安人曾告诉人们丛林里有一座伟大的城市,但人们都不相信,因而失去了发现蒂卡尔这个宝藏的机会。故选D。
答案:D
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Last week the electricity in my flat went out. I had just got home from work and was 1 making my tea, when all of a sudden the power was off. I was surrounded by complete 2 . The lights had gone out, the oven had stopped working and my phone was no longer 3 . My flatmates and I tried to 4 it but we soon realised that we couldn’t. We would have to wait for a(n) 5 to come the next morning. This left me a whole night without any 6 . My typical evening is spent watching TV and looking through social media. At that night this wasn’t 7 . Due to the lack of lights I couldn’t even read a book. We weren’t prepared with candles or matches. We just rely too much on electricity, expecting that it will 8 .
So for me it was an early night to sleep. And I couldn’t help but think, do we 9 electricity too much? That night, losing our electricity felt like losing a basic 10 , as basic as running water. But really, electricity is a luxury(奢侈品) that we’ve grown to 11 for granted. I use electricity all the time, even when it’s not really necessary. I use it to 12 my phone when I have to wait for even just a minute, for example when waiting for friends.
Our overuse of electricity is a big 13 . It contributes to global warming, which is something that we really should be worried about. It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it. How would we 14 in a world without electricity? Cutting back on our use of electricity would save energy resources so that they could last for longer. I know 15 that I can cut down on my use of electricity.
1. A. occasionally B. happily
C. urgently D. apparently
解析:根据空前的“just got home from work”及空后的“making my tea”可知,作者下班后正在惬意地沏茶。occasionally偶尔,偶然;happily开心地;urgently紧急地,急迫地;apparently显然地。 故选B。
答案:B
2. A. silence B. bitterness
C. darkness D. astonishment
解析:根据上文中的“the power was off”可知,停电了,室内一片漆黑。silence寂静,沉默;bitterness痛苦;darkness黑暗,漆黑;astonishment惊讶。故选C。
答案:C
3. A. calling B. charging
C. controlling D. existing
解析:根据上文所讲的停电一事以及空前的“my phone was no longer”可知,此处指作者的手机不再充电了。call呼叫,称呼;charge给……充电,控告;control控制;exist存在。故选B。
答案:B
4. A. set B. put
C. get D. fix
解析:根据上文“all of a sudden the power was off”可知,作者跟室友尝试修复电。set设置;put放,安置;get得到;fix修理。 故选D。
答案:D
5. A. friend B. assistant
C. electrician D. neighbour
解析:根据上文可知,作者和室友尝试修复电路,但很快意识到他们做不到,所以只能等电工来修。friend朋友;assistant助理,助手;electrician电工;neighbour邻居。 故选C。
答案:C
6. A. electricity B. expectation
C. recognition D. facility
解析:根据上文可知,电工第二天早上才来修电路,所以作者整晚都要在没有电的环境中度过了。electricity电;expectation预料,期待;recognition认识,承认;facility设施。 故选A。
答案:A
7. A. possible B. frequent
C. important D. general
解析:根据上文中的“My typical evening is spent watching TV and looking through social media.”可知,因为那晚没电,所以完全不可能做这些事情。possible可能的;frequent频繁的;important重要的;general普遍的,大概的。故选A。
答案:A
8. A. fail B. work
C. leave D. appear
解析:根据语境可知,此处是说作者和室友太依赖电了,总期望它会一直工作。fail失败;work工作;leave离开;appear出现。故选B。
答案:B
9. A. look on B. hold on
C. live on D. depend on
解析:根据上文中的“We just rely too much on electricity, expecting that it will ...”可知,作者反思人们是否太依赖电了。look on旁观;hold on握住,坚持住;live on靠……过活;depend on依赖。故选D。
答案:D
10. A. regulation B. necessity
C. intensity D. system
解析:根据空后的“as basic as running water”可知,电是一种像自来水一样的必需品。regulation章程,规则;necessity必需品;intensity紧张,强度;system体系,制度。故选B。
答案:B
11. A. take B. make
C. control D. become
解析:句意:但实际上,电是一种奢侈品,而我们逐渐把它当成了一种理所当然的东西。take拿,携带;make使;control控制;become变成。 take ... for granted为固定搭配,意为“认为……理所当然”。故选A。
答案:A
12. A. keep B. check
C. read D. search
解析:根据空后的“when I have to wait for even just a minute”可知,即使仅需等候一分钟的时候,作者也会用电(即插上充电器)来查看手机。keep保持;check检查,查看;read读;search搜索,查找。故选B。
答案:B
13. A. challenge B. temptation
C. question D. problem
解析:根据下文中的“It contributes to global warming”可知,过度用电是一个很大的问题。challenge挑战;temptation引诱,诱惑;question问题,疑惑;problem问题。故选D。
答案:D
14. A. survive B. succeed
C. supply D. sacrifice
解析:根据语境可知,此处是说“我们怎么在没有电的世界生存呢?”survive生存,幸存;succeed成功;supply供应,供给;sacrifice牺牲。故选A。
答案:A
15. A. after all B. at times
C. for sure D. with ease
解析:句意:我确信我能减少用电量。after all毕竟;at times有时;for sure肯定,无疑;with ease轻松地,不费力地。故选C。
答案:C
Ⅵ. 读后续写
It was an art lesson. Rachel sat at the desk watching her classmates busy preparing the water jars and paints. She understood why Mrs Weston asked her to sit down and got Lisa to fetch everything for her. It was always a disaster when Rachel tried to do art!
Rachel sighed and reached out to dip her brush in some black paint and—oh, no! She knocked over the jar. The water spread across the desk and drowned the paper. Lisa called Mrs Weston to see what Rachel had done. Rachel went red in the face. She jumped to her feet to get a cloth. Her chair fell over backwards. She turned round and her paintbrush caught Lisa across the face, giving her a black moustache. Lisa was so surprised that she fell back against a wire bookstand. It was knocked down and the books went all over the floor.
How clumsy(笨拙的)! Rachel thought as she went home on the bus. The bus stopped outside her house. She jumped up and her elbow(肘部) knocked a woman’s hat right over her eyes. Oh, no! Rachel said sorry, got off and ran indoors. Mum wasn’t in the kitchen but lay in bed as she caught a bad cold. Rachel offered to make a cup of tea but mum would rather wait for dad. Rachel sighed. She understood mum was afraid she would spill it.
“But would you go to Mrs Willow for some cold medicine?” asked mum. Rachel turned to the door at once. “But Rachel, Mrs Willow’s house is full of beautiful things, so if she asks you to come in, you’d better say no.” Rachel sighed and ran out.
Mrs Willow was an old lady with white hair and sharp blue eyes living in an old house. She opened the door and invited her in. Rachel said why she came and that she preferred to wait outside remembering her mother’s warning. Mrs Willow insisted Rachel come inside. Rachel took a deep breath and stepped in. She looked round Mrs Willow’s sitting room and saw at once why mum had been worried.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150左右;
(2)请按如下格式作答。
There were beautiful things everywhere—pretty vases and pots. Rachel stood very still, afraid of knocking something over. Mrs Willow handed Rachel a small brown bottle. Rachel couldn’t wait to get away, feeling any minute there would be a disaster. She thanked her and turned to the door when something brushed against her leg. Rachel was so surprised that she jumped backwards. It was a cat! But her elbow hit a vase and it fell to the floor, broken. How awkward!
With a smile, Mrs Willow comforted her, saying it had been broken before. Rachel sighed and stared at her. “No worry at all. It’ll be perfect after being mended,” Mrs Willow said, her sharp blue eyes shining. “Nobody grows up without being clumsy.” Rachel let out a long sigh and for the first time she felt good about her clumsy self. She believed what Mrs Willow said must have the same magic as her special cold medicine. To her amazement, she returned home with the bottle of medicine safe and sound.
Section Ⅳ Assessing Your Progress & Video Time
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确单词
1. Thousands of people will starve(饿死) if food doesn’t reach the city on time.
2. We are being cautious about releasing(发布) one of the photos.
3. The recruitment prevented the downward trend(趋势) in the unemployment rate of the area.
4. The host seized(抓住) my hand and shook it heartily.
5. Their harmonious(和谐的) relationship resulted from their similar goals.
6. Teachers must be sensitive(敏感的) to their students’ needs.
7. We sincerely hope that you will soon be restored(恢复) to health.
8. The regulations(规章制度) are made to protect women’s and children’s rights and interests.
9. The government has launched a campaign(运动) against smoking.
10. I don’t know how you have tolerated(忍受) that noise.
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空
on behalf of, dozens of, have an impact on, amounts of, be trapped in, result in, seize every opportunity, in response to,
be responsible for, bring about
1. The destruction of forests has brought about environmental damage.
2. Dozens of soldiers have been working day and night for months.
3. Distraction when driving often results in disastrous accidents.
4. On behalf of everyone here I want to thank you for your help.
5. It was some time before the door opened in response to his knocks.
6. One thousand people were trapped in the damaged building, most of whom were saved in the end.
7. The dry weather is having an impact on agriculture, which is likely to cause some food prices to rise.
8. A teacher is responsible for the conduct of pupils in the classroom.
9. There are stories about his generosity, the massive amounts of money he gave to charities.
10. The Canadian girl has seized every opportunity to practise her Chinese.
Ⅲ. 句式仿写
1. There is little doubt that Earth is getting warmer and warmer.
句式:There is little/no doubt that ...
仿写:毫无疑问,爱好深刻地影响着人们的生活。
There is no doubt that hobbies have a great influence on people’s life.
2. It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
句式:It is our responsibility to do ...
仿写:教育孩子们诚实、慷慨是我们的责任。
It is our responsibility to educate the children about being honest and generous.
3. As is known to all, smog is harmful to everyone.
句式:As is known to all ...
仿写:众所周知,语言能反映出其背后的文化与习俗。
As is known to all, languages can reflect the culture and customs behind them.
4. It is obvious that we should plant more trees to fight against sandstorms.
句式:It is obvious that ...
仿写:旧方法显然不能满足新的要求。
It is obvious that the old method cannot meet new requirements.
5. It is believed that the beauty of the Li River will be preserved for generations to come.
句式:It is believed that ...
仿写:人们相信,总有一天我们将能充分利用太阳能。
It is believed that we shall make full use of the sun’s energy some day.
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor.
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt.
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
解析:段落大意题。在第二段中,作者用具体数据说明了大树损失在各个地区的严重程度,没有任何地区幸免或不受影响,故选A。
答案:A
2. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A. Ecological studies of forests.
B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development.
D. Fire control measures.
解析:推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.”可知,对野火的控制在控制了森林大火的同时,使得加利福尼亚州的森林里挤满了小树,它们与大树争夺资源,这对大树产生了不利的影响。故选D。
答案:D
3. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A. Inadequate snowmelt.
B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness of the air.
解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段“... the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures ... and earlier snowmelt ...”可知,造成加利福尼亚州水资源短缺的最大因素是气温升高,以及较早的融雪。故选C。
答案:C
4. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
解析:标题归纳题。通读全文可知,自20世纪30年代以来,加利福尼亚州已经失去了一半的大树,文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加利福尼亚州森林的大树都去哪儿了”这一话题展开。故选A。
答案:A
B
By the end of the century,if not sooner,the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms(海洋微生物) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms,these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots,leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die,they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth,since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Centre for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,” she said,“but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”
5. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?
A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.
B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.
C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.
D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.
解析:段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知,到21世纪末,由于气候变暖,世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。根据第二段内容可知,这种现象的核心是一种叫作浮游植物的微小海洋微生物。在光线的作用下在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。海洋的颜色从绿色到蓝色不等,这取决于浮游植物的类型和密度。由此可推断出这两段主要叙述了海洋生物是海洋颜色变化的原因。故选B。
答案:B
6. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Sensitive. B. Beneficial.
C. Significant. D. Unnoticeable.
解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.”可知,气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征,并会影响浮游植物的生长。由此可判断浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。故选A。
答案:A
7. What can we learn from the text?
A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.
B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.
C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.
D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.
解析:推理判断题。根据第四段中“The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener.”可知,浮游植物多了,水域会变得更绿。故选D。
答案:D
8. What is the main purpose of the text?
A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.
B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.
C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.
D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.
解析:主旨大意题。第一段提出文章的主旨:到21世纪末,由于气候变暖,世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。故选C。
答案:C
C
A City in the Jungle
In the summer of 1848, in Guatemala, a man called Ambrosio Tut went out into the jungle, as he did almost every day. Tut was a gum collector, looking for gum in the jungle. 9. One day, he got to the top of one tree and something caught his eye. He looked out across the trees and saw the tops of some old buildings.
10. He ran to tell the local governor excitedly, and together they walked into the jungle. There they found Tikal, the city that the Mayans had built many hundreds of years before. The two men saw pyramids, squares and houses.
For a long time before that day, local people had known that somewhere in the jungle there was an old Mayan city. 11. Between 200 and 900 AD, the city of Tikal had been the centre of Mayan civilisation(文明) in the area, but then the Mayans left it—nobody knows why!After 1000 AD, the jungle began to cover it. 12.
Seven years before Tut found Tikal, two British explorers had gone to Guatemala and had written a report about Mayan treasures in the jungle—but they hadn’t mentioned Tikal. Even earlier than this, local Indians had told people about a great city hidden in the trees, but no one had listened to them. 13. Now the lost city had been found again, and people went there immediately to see it.
A. But no one had seen it for centuries.
B. To do this, he had to climb the trees.
C. And then people forgot that it was there.
D. So they lost the chance to find the treasure.
E. Tut found many other treasures after that.
F. More and more scientists began to study the Mayan city.
G. Tut didn’t really know what he had seen but he knew it was something special.
9. 解析:根据上文中的“Tut was a gum collector, looking for gum in the jungle.”及下文中的“he got to the top of one tree”可知,图特是树胶采集者,当他爬到树上寻找树胶时发现了蒂卡尔。故选B。
答案:B
10. 解析:根据下文中的“He ran to tell ...walked into the jungle.”可知,图特不知道他看到的是什么建筑,但他知道那肯定不一般,所以他兴奋地跑去找当地的长官同他前往那里一探究竟。故选G。
答案:G
11. 解析:根据上文中的“For a long time before that day ... there was an old Mayan city.”及下文中的“After 1000 AD, the jungle began to cover it.”可知,当地人知道丛林里有一座玛雅古城,但几百年来都没有人见过它。故选A。
答案:A
12. 解析:根据上文中的“the jungle began to cover it”可知,森林覆盖住了这座玛雅古城,所以人们渐渐地忘记了它的存在。故选C。
答案:C
13. 解析:根据上文中的“Even earlier than this ... had listened to them.”可知,当地印第安人曾告诉人们丛林里有一座伟大的城市,但人们都不相信,因而失去了发现蒂卡尔这个宝藏的机会。故选D。
答案:D
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Last week the electricity in my flat went out. I had just got home from work and was 1 making my tea, when all of a sudden the power was off. I was surrounded by complete 2 . The lights had gone out, the oven had stopped working and my phone was no longer 3 . My flatmates and I tried to 4 it but we soon realised that we couldn’t. We would have to wait for a(n) 5 to come the next morning. This left me a whole night without any 6 . My typical evening is spent watching TV and looking through social media. At that night this wasn’t 7 . Due to the lack of lights I couldn’t even read a book. We weren’t prepared with candles or matches. We just rely too much on electricity, expecting that it will 8 .
So for me it was an early night to sleep. And I couldn’t help but think, do we 9 electricity too much? That night, losing our electricity felt like losing a basic 10 , as basic as running water. But really, electricity is a luxury(奢侈品) that we’ve grown to 11 for granted. I use electricity all the time, even when it’s not really necessary. I use it to 12 my phone when I have to wait for even just a minute, for example when waiting for friends.
Our overuse of electricity is a big 13 . It contributes to global warming, which is something that we really should be worried about. It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can to stop it. How would we 14 in a world without electricity? Cutting back on our use of electricity would save energy resources so that they could last for longer. I know 15 that I can cut down on my use of electricity.
1. A. occasionally B. happily
C. urgently D. apparently
解析:根据空前的“just got home from work”及空后的“making my tea”可知,作者下班后正在惬意地沏茶。occasionally偶尔,偶然;happily开心地;urgently紧急地,急迫地;apparently显然地。 故选B。
答案:B
2. A. silence B. bitterness
C. darkness D. astonishment
解析:根据上文中的“the power was off”可知,停电了,室内一片漆黑。silence寂静,沉默;bitterness痛苦;darkness黑暗,漆黑;astonishment惊讶。故选C。
答案:C
3. A. calling B. charging
C. controlling D. existing
解析:根据上文所讲的停电一事以及空前的“my phone was no longer”可知,此处指作者的手机不再充电了。call呼叫,称呼;charge给……充电,控告;control控制;exist存在。故选B。
答案:B
4. A. set B. put
C. get D. fix
解析:根据上文“all of a sudden the power was off”可知,作者跟室友尝试修复电。set设置;put放,安置;get得到;fix修理。 故选D。
答案:D
5. A. friend B. assistant
C. electrician D. neighbour
解析:根据上文可知,作者和室友尝试修复电路,但很快意识到他们做不到,所以只能等电工来修。friend朋友;assistant助理,助手;electrician电工;neighbour邻居。 故选C。
答案:C
6. A. electricity B. expectation
C. recognition D. facility
解析:根据上文可知,电工第二天早上才来修电路,所以作者整晚都要在没有电的环境中度过了。electricity电;expectation预料,期待;recognition认识,承认;facility设施。 故选A。
答案:A
7. A. possible B. frequent
C. important D. general
解析:根据上文中的“My typical evening is spent watching TV and looking through social media.”可知,因为那晚没电,所以完全不可能做这些事情。possible可能的;frequent频繁的;important重要的;general普遍的,大概的。故选A。
答案:A
8. A. fail B. work
C. leave D. appear
解析:根据语境可知,此处是说作者和室友太依赖电了,总期望它会一直工作。fail失败;work工作;leave离开;appear出现。故选B。
答案:B
9. A. look on B. hold on
C. live on D. depend on
解析:根据上文中的“We just rely too much on electricity, expecting that it will ...”可知,作者反思人们是否太依赖电了。look on旁观;hold on握住,坚持住;live on靠……过活;depend on依赖。故选D。
答案:D
10. A. regulation B. necessity
C. intensity D. system
解析:根据空后的“as basic as running water”可知,电是一种像自来水一样的必需品。regulation章程,规则;necessity必需品;intensity紧张,强度;system体系,制度。故选B。
答案:B
11. A. take B. make
C. control D. become
解析:句意:但实际上,电是一种奢侈品,而我们逐渐把它当成了一种理所当然的东西。take拿,携带;make使;control控制;become变成。 take ... for granted为固定搭配,意为“认为……理所当然”。故选A。
答案:A
12. A. keep B. check
C. read D. search
解析:根据空后的“when I have to wait for even just a minute”可知,即使仅需等候一分钟的时候,作者也会用电(即插上充电器)来查看手机。keep保持;check检查,查看;read读;search搜索,查找。故选B。
答案:B
13. A. challenge B. temptation
C. question D. problem
解析:根据下文中的“It contributes to global warming”可知,过度用电是一个很大的问题。challenge挑战;temptation引诱,诱惑;question问题,疑惑;problem问题。故选D。
答案:D
14. A. survive B. succeed
C. supply D. sacrifice
解析:根据语境可知,此处是说“我们怎么在没有电的世界生存呢?”survive生存,幸存;succeed成功;supply供应,供给;sacrifice牺牲。故选A。
答案:A
15. A. after all B. at times
C. for sure D. with ease
解析:句意:我确信我能减少用电量。after all毕竟;at times有时;for sure肯定,无疑;with ease轻松地,不费力地。故选C。
答案:C
Ⅵ. 读后续写
It was an art lesson. Rachel sat at the desk watching her classmates busy preparing the water jars and paints. She understood why Mrs Weston asked her to sit down and got Lisa to fetch everything for her. It was always a disaster when Rachel tried to do art!
Rachel sighed and reached out to dip her brush in some black paint and—oh, no! She knocked over the jar. The water spread across the desk and drowned the paper. Lisa called Mrs Weston to see what Rachel had done. Rachel went red in the face. She jumped to her feet to get a cloth. Her chair fell over backwards. She turned round and her paintbrush caught Lisa across the face, giving her a black moustache. Lisa was so surprised that she fell back against a wire bookstand. It was knocked down and the books went all over the floor.
How clumsy(笨拙的)! Rachel thought as she went home on the bus. The bus stopped outside her house. She jumped up and her elbow(肘部) knocked a woman’s hat right over her eyes. Oh, no! Rachel said sorry, got off and ran indoors. Mum wasn’t in the kitchen but lay in bed as she caught a bad cold. Rachel offered to make a cup of tea but mum would rather wait for dad. Rachel sighed. She understood mum was afraid she would spill it.
“But would you go to Mrs Willow for some cold medicine?” asked mum. Rachel turned to the door at once. “But Rachel, Mrs Willow’s house is full of beautiful things, so if she asks you to come in, you’d better say no.” Rachel sighed and ran out.
Mrs Willow was an old lady with white hair and sharp blue eyes living in an old house. She opened the door and invited her in. Rachel said why she came and that she preferred to wait outside remembering her mother’s warning. Mrs Willow insisted Rachel come inside. Rachel took a deep breath and stepped in. She looked round Mrs Willow’s sitting room and saw at once why mum had been worried.
注意:
(1)续写词数应为150左右;
(2)请按如下格式作答。
There were beautiful things everywhere—pretty vases and pots. Rachel stood very still, afraid of knocking something over. Mrs Willow handed Rachel a small brown bottle. Rachel couldn’t wait to get away, feeling any minute there would be a disaster. She thanked her and turned to the door when something brushed against her leg. Rachel was so surprised that she jumped backwards. It was a cat! But her elbow hit a vase and it fell to the floor, broken. How awkward!
With a smile, Mrs Willow comforted her, saying it had been broken before. Rachel sighed and stared at her. “No worry at all. It’ll be perfect after being mended,” Mrs Willow said, her sharp blue eyes shining. “Nobody grows up without being clumsy.” Rachel let out a long sigh and for the first time she felt good about her clumsy self. She believed what Mrs Willow said must have the same magic as her special cold medicine. To her amazement, she returned home with the bottle of medicine safe and sound.
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