2023届高考英语二轮复习：完形填空议论类、说明类专练（含答案）

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习：完形填空议论类、说明类专练（含答案），共18页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
专题五 完形填空议论类、说明类专练
考点01：冠词
考点02：代词
考点03：介词和介词短语
考点04：名词
考点05：形容词和副词
考点06：非谓语动词
考点07：动词的时态和语态
考点08：定语从句
考点09：名词性从句
考点10：并列连词
考点11：状语从句
考点12：完形填空议论文、说明文

1. 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
What's the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the word "culture"? Do you think of different groups of people across the world with various     1     and clothing? What about animals?
Sam Williams, executive director of the Macaw(金刚鹦鹉) Recovery Network in Costa Rica, helps to     2     the impact of the decline of macaw populations by taking birds that were born     3     and releasing them into the wild. But this process is very     4    .
"In a cage, you can't     5     them to know where, when and how to find that food, or about trees with good nest sites," Williams told ecologist and writer Carl Safina for the Guardian. In the wild, the parents would be the ones to teach them this important     6    .
This type of knowledge is known as cultural knowledge. Cultural knowledge can be     7     from the older generation to the newer one. For many species, cultural knowledge is necessary for     8    .
Culture helps animals to     9     different habitats. For example, some crows(乌鸦)have learned to put nuts in the middle of the road for cars to drive over. And in other areas, they have learned to do this at intersections so they can     10     get the food when the cars stop at red lights.
Other important parts of cultural knowledge include things like group identity, using different tools, taking different     11     routes and using different socializing methods.
These traditions can especially be seen in chimpanzee communities. Cat Hobaiter, who studies chimpanzees in Uganda, said: "It's not just the     12     of populations of chimps that worries me. I find     13     the possibility of losing each population's unique culture. That's permanent."
Culture isn't just for     14    . Culture is also an important part of life in the wild from using tools to     15    .
1.A.communities     B.zones     C.traditions     D.divisions
2.A.squeeze     B.reduce     C.wrestle     D.delete
3.A.encaged     B.enlarged     C.encouraged     D.ensured
4.A.tentative     B.slow     C.lame     D.abrupt
5.A.elect     B.swap     C.assess     D.train
6.A.brochure     B.seminar     C.framework     D.information
7.A.passed down     B.taken up     C.followed up     D.put together
8.A.management     B.survival     C.currency     D.cooperation
9.A.cater to     B.push for     C.adapt to     D.dive in
10.A.safely     B.desperately     C.surprisingly     D.hopefully
11.A.irrigation     B.migration     C.suspension     D.collision
12.A.loss     B.dilemma     C.adjustment     D.prevention
13.A.enterprising     B.flexible     C.artificial     D.terrifying
14.A.animals     B.plants     C.humans     D.nails
15.A.refreshing     B.weeping     C.negotiating     D.socializing
2. 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Why liars lie: What science tells us about deception
We all do it sometimes, even though we know it's wrong. But here's the problem with lying: research shows that the more you lie, the easier it gets, and the more likely you are to do it again. "The dangerous thing about lying is that people don't understand how the act changes us," said Dan Ariely, a behavioral psychologist at Duke.
Psychologists have documented children lying as early as age 2. Some experts even consider lying a     1     milestone, like crawling and walking, because it requires complex planning, attention and the ability to see a situation from someone else's     2     to effectively control them. But for most people, lying gets     3     as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate.
A 2010 study on the frequency of lying in America found that in a given 24-hour period, most adults reported not telling any lies. Almost half the lies recorded in the study could be     4     just 5 percent of participants. And most people     5     lying when they could, turning to deception only when the truth was troublesome.
Harvard cognitive neuroscientist Joshua Greene said,     6    , for most of us, lying takes work. In studies, he presented study subjects with a chance to deceive for monetary gain while examining their brains in a functional MRI(核磁共振) machine, which     7     blood flow to active parts of the brain.
Some people told the truth instinctively. But others     8     opted to lie, and they showed     9     activity in their frontal parietal (额顶叶) control network, which is involved in difficult or complex thinking. This suggests that they were deciding between truth and     10    – and ultimately opting for the latter.
For a follow-up analysis, he found that people whose neural reward centers were more active when they won money were also more likely to be among the group of liars – suggesting that lying may have to do with the     11     to resist temptation.
Scientists don't really know what prevents all of us from lying all the time. Some believe truth-telling is a social norm we internalize, or a result of conflict in our brains between the things we want and the     12     image of ourselves we strive to maintain. But the curious thing about this     13     mechanism is that it comes from within.
However, external conditions also matter     14     when and how often we lie. We are more likely to lie, research shows, when we are able to justify it, when we are     15     and exhausted, or when we see others being dishonest. And we are less likely to lie when we have moral reminders or when we think others are watching.
1.A.historical     B.developmental     C.mental     D.psychological
2.A.perspective     B.imagination     C.experience     D.evaluation
3.A.dominated     B.preferred     C.accepted     D.limited
4.A.attributed to     B.applied to     C.reduced to     D.distributed to
5.A.regretted     B.avoided     C.recognized     D.denied
6.A.anyhow     B.instead     C.indeed     D.likewise
7.A.stimulates     B.maps     C.guides     D.assesses
8.A.reasonably     B.randomly     C.passively     D.deliberately
9.A.restored     B.failed     C.regulated     D.increased
10.A.morality     B.fantasy     C.dishonesty     D.reality
11.A.inability     B.impulse     C.determination     D.possibility
12.A.unique     B.objective     C.positive     D.typical
13.A.preventive     B.persuasive     C.interactive     D.decisive
14.A.regardless of    B.by means of     C.in response to     D.in terms of
15.A.delighted     B.motivated     C.encouraged     D.stressed
3. 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
    Last year, I attended a class and discussed the topic of "paper books or e-books" with my classmates. The discussion was lively, but was left    1    because of several pros and cons(利弊) of both types of books and the personal    2    of different students.
    According to an article from LA Times, a study discovered that 92% of 300 college students in America and other three countries    3    physical paper books. Many participants reported they had headaches for long screen time and are easily    4    when sliding colorful pages.
    I    5    that the 92 percentage is true, not just because it is the result of a study. Paper books can    6    another perspective(感受) to your reading experience through the    7    smell of the book, the feel of the     8    between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading.
    However, pleasure comes at a    9    . Physical books aren't cheap and    10    much room. As a person who moves often and loves written words, it can be a big    11    to move my mini library from one place to another, not to mention the money to buy those books.     12    , besides taking up less space, e-books are more    13    than traditional books. Yet those    14    didn't keep my interest for long. Nothing    15    the comforting feeling of curling up(蜷缩) with a hot cup of tea and a book.
1.A.unheard     B.untouched     C.unsolved     D.unexplained
2.A.decisions     B.suggestions     C.worries     D.preferences
3.A.refused     B.favoured     C.disliked     D.trusted
4.A.carried away     B.taken in     C.worn out     D.fed up
5.A.doubt     B.believe     C.assess     D.confirm
6.A.ruin     B.compare     C.block     D.bring
7.A.unique     B.bad     C.common     D.strange
8.A.stories     B.pages     C.characters     D.bookmarks
9.A.price     B.loss     C.speed     D.time
10.A.occupy     B.create     C.waste     D.make
11.A.relief     B.reward     C.headache     D.mistake
12.A.In other words     B.As a result     C.In addition     D.On the other hand
13.A.available     B.costly     C.affordable     D.reliable
14.A.disadvantages     B.benefits     C.thoughts     D.challenges
15.A.involves     B.deserves     C.beats     D.expresses
4. 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Little Baby Face Foundation (LBFF) provides free plastic surgery (整容手术) for children born with facial deformities (畸形). Many teenagers who have been 1 for their looks are now applying to have their problem areas "fixed" by LBFF.
Nadia, one 14-year-old teenager, had her face greatly changed in June when she went under the 2 . Her classmates had been constantly making fun of her appearance. "They said I have the biggest ears that they've ever seen. They called me elephant ears," Nadia said. Those 3 hurt her a lot. She even 4 how to end her own life.
But Nadia tried to 5 the bullying a secret from her mother, Lynda. Her mother was already dealing with mounting medical 6 for her 9-year-old son, Josh, who had a serious brain disease. When her mother did finally 7 about the bullying, she was heartbroken.
Then her mother 8 the LBFF, which accepted Nadia's application. The surgeries were very 9 and it took months for her face to heal, but she did 10 return to school with a new face, a face she was finally proud of.
Nadia's surgery may have helped her overcome her emotional pain, but should teenagers go to those 11 just because they are being bullied?
Experts 12 if the deformities are not really a problem to the child, plastic surgery is not the answer! In fact, when a teen decides to get plastic surgery because he or she is being bullied, it can send the wrong 13 . By surgically changing the victim (受害者) of a bully, it is as if you 14 the bullying and agree the victim is in fact worthy of all those 15 he or she has been called.
1. A. laughed at B. thought of C. looked after D. watched over
2. A. practice B. light C. knife D. process
3. A. opinions B. comments C. thoughts D. ideas
4. A. wanted B. needed C. considered D. managed
5. A. keep B. protect C. end D. shelter
6. A. incomes B. bills C. notes D. accounts
7. A. work out B. cut out C. make up D. find out
8. A. turned in B. asked for C. related to D. turned to
9. A. quick B. relaxed C. pleasant D. painful
10. A. manage to B. seek to C. agree to D. try to
11. A. operations B. extremes C. evaluations D. attitudes
12. A. protest B. declare C. push D. warn
13. A. answer B. way C. notice D. message
14. A. recommend B. remember C. support D. suppose
15. A. sufferings B. names C. bullies D. behaviors
5. 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
   Seventy-eight-year-old Nora Langdon spends multiple days a week at the gym, training for lifting competitions three hours at a time. Now, she has become a(n)     1     to people of all ages.
    At the age of 65,Langdon was     2     to live a healthier lifestyle. In 2007,she weighed over 210 pounds and often     3     to catch her breath while going up the stairs. She knew it was time for a     4    .
    After joining the gym and watching her trainer prepare for a powerlifting meet, she     5     the competition and decided to    6     it herself. She began with the basics - using a broom(扫帚)as a barbell before     7     moving to weights. It wasn't long before she discovered lifting was her     8    .
    Although Langdon has won 20 of her powerlifting meets and has state, national and world records under her belt, she shows no signs of     9     anytime soon. Her next     10    ?To powerlift a total of over a thousand pounds.
    "She's really been a     11     to the gym, and to me, and to the whole powerlifting field," her trainer said. "To see somebody at that age doing what she's doing is     12    ."
    She wants others to know that with motivation and strong faith, anyone of her age can get into     13    . She said, "Your body was made to     14     and you have to keep it moving in order to stay     15    .
1.A.opponent     B.model     C.amateur     D.headache
2.A.determined     B.satisfied     C.stressed     D.worried
3.A.attempted     B.refused     C.struggled     D.hesitated
4.A.study     B.change     C.visit     D.break
5.A.reported     B.witnessed     C.organized     D.entered
6.A.test     B.fix     C.try     D.adopt
7.A.eventually     B.naturally     C.directly     D.temporarily
8.A.destination     B.reference     C.task     D.passion
9.A.improving     B.stopping     C.recovering     D.winning
10.A.lifestyle     B.competition     C.goal     D.success
11.A.leader     B.memory     C.coach     D.treasure
12.A.threatening     B.convincing     C.inspiring     D.confusing
13.A.debt     B.shape     C.trouble     D.position
14.A.exercise     B.fight     C.develop     D.suffer
15.A.calm     B.relaxed     C.optimistic     D.healthy
6. 阅读下面短文，从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Everyone has a phone in their pocket nowadays, but how often do we really use them for their original purpose – to make a call? Telephone culture is     1    . What brought us to this moment, and what are its     2    ?
"No one picks up the phone anymore," wrote Alex C. Madrigal on The Atlantic. "The reflex(习惯性动作)of     3    – built so deeply into people who grew up in 20th-century telephonic culture – is gone."
The shift is of course due in large part to more     4     options: Texting with photos, videos, emojis, links and even voice messages can be a more     5     option.
Texting is light and fun, not nearly as demanding of your attention as a phone call. It can also be done with     6     people at the same time. Social media, email and video calls have also     7     traditional phone calls.
In recent years, another reason has caused people to     8     phone calls completely: robocalls, Robocalls are automated(自动化的)messages from organizations verifying(核实)your phone number or telemarketers trying to     9     something. Americans received 22.8 billion robocalls halfway through 2020,     10     an annual rate of 45.6 billion, according to YouMail, a robocall protection service and blocking app.
As telephone culture disappears, what is the loss of a singular family phone doing to the family unit? Early landline phones unite family members, whereas mobile phones     11     them.
"The     12     family phone served as an anchor(给以安全感的物品) for home," said Luke Fernandez, a Weber State University computer-science professor and co-author of Bored, Lonely, Angry, Stupid: Feelings About Technology, From the Telegraph to Twitter. With smartphones, "we have gained     13     and privacy. But the value of the home has declined, as has its     14     to guide and monitor family behavior and perhaps bind families more closely together," Fernandez said.
Of course, as technology progresses, lives always change for better or for worse. With the loss of telephone culture, families will need to find other ways to     15    .
1.A.displaying     B.disappearing     C.discouraging     D.disturbing
2.A.volumes     B.links     C.versions     D.effects
3.A.answering     B.winding     C.striking     D.wandering
4.A.inspection     B.variation     C.communication     D.expectation
5.A.attractive     B.overall     C.plain     D.realistic
6.A.multiple     B.outstanding     C.ambitious     D.enthusiastic
7.A.call out for     B.get down to     C.eat away at     D.go in for
8.A.sweep     B.stimulate     C.transform     D.ignore
9.A.consume     B.sell     C.arrange     D.grab
10.A.guaranteeing     B.equaling     C.combining     D.easing
11.A.negate    B.dominate     C.separate     D.upset
12.A.shared     B.possessed     C.estimated     D.employed
13.A.liberation     B.reputation     C.security     D.mobility
14.A.innovation     B.concept     C.appetite     D.capability
15.A.greet     B.accompany     C.unite     D.rely




答案以及解析
1.答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.B; 5.D; 6.D; 7.A; 8.B; 9.C; 10.A; 11.B; 12.A; 13.D; 14.C; 15.D
解析： 1.考查名词及语境理解。A.communities社区；B.zones空间；C.traditions传统；D. divisions分支。句意：你认为世界上不同的民族有不同的传统和服装吗？根据前文What's the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the word "culture"讲到文化可知，此处是讲不同的传统和服装。故选C。
2.考查动词及语境理解。A.squeeze挤压； B.reduce减少；C.wrestle缠绕；D.delete删除。句意：Sam Williams是哥斯达黎加金刚鹦鹉恢复网络的执行主任，他帮助减少金刚鹦鹉数量减少的影响，方法是将出生在笼子里的鸟放回野外。根据下by taking birds that were born 3 and releasing them into the wild."可知，他帮助减少金刚鹦鹉数量减少的影响。故选B。
3.考查动词及语境理解。A.encaged关进笼子；B.enlarged扩大；C.encouraged鼓励； D.ensured保证。句意：Sam Williams是哥斯达黎加金刚鹦鹉恢复网络的执行主任，他帮助减少金刚鹦鹉数量减少的影响，方法是将出生在笼子里的鸟放回野外。根据下一段的第一句话in a cage, you cant.可知，他是把出生在笼子里的鸟儿放回自然，所以此处选择encaged。故选A。
4.考查形容词及语境理解。A.tentative实验性的；B.slow缓慢的；C.lame瘸的；D.abrupt突然的。句意：但这个过程非常缓慢。根据下文In the wild, the parents would be the ones to teach them this important 6 可知，因为缺乏亲生父母的教导，这个过程非常的困难、非常艰辛，所以此处选择slow。故选B。
5.考查动词及语境理解。A.elect选举； B.swap交换；C.assess评价；D.train训练。句意：在笼子里，你无法训练它们知道在哪里、何时以及如何找到食物，也无法训练它们找到有好的筑巢地点的树。根据空后的"know where, when and how to find that food, or about trees with good nest sites"可知，将出生在笼子里的鸟放回野外需要训练。故选D。
6.考查名词及语境理解。A.brochure手册； B.seminar讨论会；C.framework框架； D. information信息。句意：在野外，父母会教给孩子这些重要的信息。此处是指前文提到的"在哪里、何时以及如何找到食物"、"有好的筑巢地点的树"，这些都是信息。故选D。
7.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.passed down传递；B.taken up占据；C.followed up跟随；D.put together组装。句意：文化知识可以从老一辈传给下一代。根据空后的"from the older generation to the newer one"可知，此处是讲文化知识可以从老一辈传给下一代。故选A。
8.考查名词及语境理解。A.management管理；B.survivals生存；C.currency货币； D. cooperation合作。句意：对于许多物种来说，文化知识是生存所必需的。从上文的食物和筑巢中不难推测出，这些知识至关重要以至于没有了它们甚至无法存活的。故选B。
9.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.cater to迎合；B.push for奋力争取；C.adapt to适应； D.dive in潜入。句意：文化帮助动物适应不同的栖息地。根据后文讲乌鸦在不同的地区做出相应的行为来适应环境可知，此处是讲文化帮助动物适应不同的栖息地。故选C。
10.考查副词及语境理解。A.safely安全地； B.desperately不顾一切地；C.surprisingly惊讶地；D.hopefully有希望地。句意：在其他地区，他们已经学会在十字路口这样做，这样当汽车红灯时，他们可以安全地拿到食物。根据前文提到乌鸦把坚果放在路中间是为了让车停下可知，这样就能安全地获得食物。故选A。
11.考查名词及语境理解。A.irrigation灌溉； B.migration迁徙；C.suspension暂停；D.collision碰撞。句意：文化知识的其他重要部分包括群体认同、使用不同的工具、采取不同的迁移路线和使用不同的社交方法。这里讲的动物们的习惯，并且后面有routes，显然会想到迁移路线migration routes。故选B。
12.考查名词及语境理解。A.Ioss损失；B.dilemma窘境；C.adjustment调整； D. prevention阻止。句意：让我担心的不仅仅是黑猩猩数量的减少。下一句话中的losing each population's unique culture暗示了上一句话空格处是loss of populations。此处需要注意前后文的呼应。故选A。
13.考查形容词及语境理解。A.enterprising有事业心的；B.flexible灵活的；C.artificial人造的；D.terrifying令人恐惧的。句意：我发现失去每个民族独特的文化是可怕的。作者发现失去每个民族独特的文化是可怕的。故选D。
14.考查名词及语境理解。A.animals动物； B.plants食物；C.humans，人类；D.nails钉子。句意：文化不仅仅是人类的。空格后一句说，文化也是野生动物的。所以空格前面与之对应应该选择humans。故选C。
15.考查动词及语境理解。A.refreshing更新；B.weeping哭泣；C.negotiating协商； D. socializing社交。句意：从使用工具到社交，文化也是野外生活的重要组成部分。根据前文讲乌鸦使用工具和动物的群体认同（Other important parts of cultural knowledge include things like group identity）可知，此处是讲从使用工具到社交。故选D。
2.答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.D; 4.A; 5.B; 6.C; 7.B; 8.D; 9.D; 10.C; 11.A; 12.C; 13.A; 14.D; 15.D
解析：1.考查形容词及语境理解。A.historical历史的；B.developmental发展的；C.mental精神的；D.psychological心理的。句意：一些专家甚至认为撒谎是一个发展的里程碑，就像爬行和行走一样，因为它需要复杂的规划、注意力和从别人的角度看问题的能力，从而有效地控制局面。根据后"like crawling and walking, because it requires complex planning, attention and the ability to see a situation"可知，此处指撒谎是一个发展的里程碑。故选B。
2.考查名词及语境理解。A.perspective看法，观点；B.imagination想象；C.experiences经历；D.evaluation评估。句意：一些专家甚至认为撒谎是一个发展的里程碑，就像爬行和行走一样，因为它需要复杂的规划、注意力和从别人的角度看问题的能力，从而有效地控制局面。根据空前"see a situation"可知，此处指撒谎是从别人的角度看问题的能力。故选A。
3.考查动词及语境理解。A.dominated支配，控制；B.preferred偏爱；C.accepted接受； D.limited限制。句意：但对大多数人来说，当我们发展出道德感和自我调节能力时，撒谎就会受到限制。根据空后"as we develop a sense of morality and the ability to self-regulate."可知，因为有了道德感和自我调节能力时，撒谎就会受到限制。故选D。
4.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.attributed to归因于，由于；B.applied to应用于；C. reduced to降低到；D.distributed to分发给。句意：在这项研究中，几乎一半的谎言可以归因于5%的参与者。由前文"most adults reported not telling any lies."可知，大部分成年人几乎不撒谎了，所以此处表示一半的谎言可以归因于一小部分的参与者。故选A。
5.考查动词及语境理解。A.regretted后悔；B.avoided避免；C.recognized辨认；D. denied拒绝。句意：大多数人都尽量避免说谎，只有在真相令人费解的时候才会转向欺骗。根据后
"when they could, turning to deception only when the truth was troublesome."可知，大部分人都会避免撒谎，只有在万不得已的情况下才那样做。故选B。
6.考查副词及语境理解。A.anyhow不管怎么样；B.instead相反；C.indeed事实上；D. likewise同样地。句意：哈佛大学的认知神经科学家Joshua Greene说，事实上，对我们大多数人来说，撒谎需要付出努力。根据后文研究结果可知，撒谎的确需用付出努力。故选C。
7.考查动词及语境理解。A.stimulates刺激；B.maps绘制；C.guides指导；D.assesses评估。句意：在研究中，他给研究对象一个机会，让他们通过欺骗来获得金钱，同时用核磁共振成像机检查他们的大脑，这将绘制出血液流向大脑活跃部分。根据前文"examining their brains in a functional MRI（核磁共振）machine"可知，因为用功能磁共振成像机检查他们的大脑，所以此处需用动词maps，表示绘制出血液流向大脑活跃部分的图。故选B。
8.考查副词及语境理解。A.reasonably合理地；B.randomly随意地；C.passively被动地； D.deliberately故意地。句意：但另一些人则故意撒谎，他们的额顶叶控制网络（涉及困难或复杂的思考）活动增加。根据前文"Some people told the truth instinctively"和转折连词but可知，有的人故意撒谎。故选D。
9.考查动词及语境理解。A.restored恢复，还原；B.failed失败；C.regulated控制；D. increased增加。句意：但另一些人则故意撒谎，他们的额顶叶控制网络（涉及困难或复杂的思考）活动增加。因为撒谎进行复杂的思考，所以额顶叶控制网络（涉及困难或复杂的思考）活动增加。故选D。
10.考查名词及语境理解。A.morality道德；B.fantasy幻想；C.dishonesty不诚实；D. reality现实。句意：他的建议是，他们要在真相和不诚实之间做出抉择，最终选择后者。根据空前"truth and"可知，空处需用dishonesty.与之对应。故选C。
11.考查名词及语境理解。A.inability无能力；B.impulse冲动；C.determination.决心；D.possibility可能。句意：在后续的分析中，他发现那些在赢钱时神经奖励中心更活跃的人也更有可能成为说谎者-这表明撒谎可能与无法抗拒的诱惑有关。根据空后"resist temptation"可知，此处指没有能力去抵抗诱惑，所以会撒谎。故选A。
12.考查形容词及语境理解。A.unique独无二的；B.objective客观的；C.positive积极的； D.typical典型的。句意：有些人认为，说实话是我们内化的一种社会规范，或者是我们的大脑中我们想要的东西和我们努力维持的积极形象之间冲突的结果。根据前文"Some believe truth-telling is a social norm we internalize"和空后"image of ourselves we strive to maintain."可知，此处指我们努力维持积极的形象。故选C。
13.考查形容词及语境理解。A.preventive预防的；B.persuasive有说服力的；C.interactive互动的；D.decisive决定性的。根据句意：但这种预防机制的奇怪之处在于，它是由内部产生的。据本段第一句"Scientists don't really know what prevents all of us from lying all the time.（科学家真的不知道是什么阻止我们所有人一直撒谎。）"可知，此处指预防机制。故选A。
14.考查介词短语及语境理解。A regardless of不管，不顾；B.by means of通过； C.in response to.对……作出回应；D.in terms of在。方面。句意：然而，外部条件也会影响我们撒谎的时间和频率。根据空后"when and how often we lie."可知，此处需用in terms of，表示在撒谎的时间和频率方面，外部条件有影响。故选D。
15.考查形容词及语境理解。A.delighted高兴的；B.motivated激励的；C.encouraged受到鼓舞的；D.stressed有压力的。句意：研究表明，当我们能够为自己的行为辩护时，当我们感到压力和疲惫时，或者当我们看到别人不诚实时，我们更有可能撒谎。根据空后"and exhausted"可知，此处指当我们压力和疲惫时，我们更会可能撤谎。故选D。
3.答案：1-5 CDBAB 6-10 DABAA 11-15 CDCBC
解析：1.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:讨论很热烈,但由于两种类型的书的优缺点以及不同学生的个人喜好,讨论没有得到解决。A.unheard前所未闻的;B.untouched未接触的;C.unsolved未解决的;D.unexplained未得到解释的。根据"because of several pros and cons(利弊) of both types of books and the personal    2    of different students."可知,讨论的问题没有得到解决。故选C。
2.考查名词词义辨析。句意:讨论很热烈,但由于两种类型的书的优缺点以及不同学生的个人喜好,讨论没有得到解决。A. decisions决定;B. suggestions建议;C. worries担心;D. preferences偏爱。根据"The discussion was lively, but was left    1    "可知,讨论悬而未决是因为同学们的个人喜好不同。personal preference个人喜好。故选D。
3.考查动词词义辨析。句意:根据《洛杉矶时报》的一篇文章,一项研究发现,在美国和其他三个国家的300名大学生中,92%的人更喜欢纸质书。A. refused拒绝;B. favoured支持;喜爱;C. disliked不喜欢;D. trusted信任。根据"Many participants reported they had headaches for long screen time and arc easily    4    when sliding colorful pages."可知,大多数人都喜欢纸质书。故选B。
4.考查动词短语词义辨析。句意:许多参与者声称,他们长时间看屏幕会感到头疼,滑动彩色页面时很容易走神。A. carried away带走;B. taken in吸收;C. worn out疲惫不堪;D. fed up养肥。根据"when sliding colorful pages."可知,许多参与者认为滑动彩色页面时很容易走神。故选A。
5.考查动词词义辨析。句意:我相信92%是正确的,不仅仅因为这是一项研究的结果。A. doubt怀疑;B. believe相信;C. assess评估;D. confirm证实。根据"not just because it is the result of a study. "可知,作者认为92%的人更喜欢纸质书这样的结论是正确的。故选B。
6.考查动词词义辨析。句意:纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角,通过独特的书的味道,指尖间书页的感觉,以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。A. ruin毁坏;B. compare比较;C. block阻塞;D. bring带来。根据"another perspective(感受) to your reading experience through the    7    smell of the book, the feel of the    8    between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading."可知,这里指阅读纸质书所带来的好处。故选D。
7.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角,通过独特的书的味道,指尖间书页的感觉,以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。A. unique独特的;B. bad坏的;C. common常见的;D. strange奇怪的。根据语境,这里指纸质书独特的味道。故选A。
8.考查名词词义辨析。句意:纸质书可以为你的阅读体验带来另一种视角,通过独特的书的味道,指尖间书页的感觉,以及在阅读过程中取得进展的感觉。A. stories故事;B. pages书页;C. characters角色;D. bookmarks书签。根据"between your fingertips and the sense of progress being made throughout your reading."可知,这里指手指翻纸质书书页的感觉。故选B。
9.考查名词词义辨析。句意:然而,快乐是有代价的。A. price代价;B. loss损失;C. speed速度;D. time时间。根据转折词"However"和"Physical books aren't cheap and    10    much room."可知,享受纸质书的快乐是有代价的。故选A。
10.考查动词词义辨析。句意:纸质书并不便宜,而且占用空间很大。A. occupy占据;B. create创造;C. waste浪费;D. make制造。根据"besides taking up less space,"可知,纸质书占很大的空间。故选A。
11.考查名词词义辨析。句意:作为一个经常搬家并且喜欢书面文字的人,把我的迷你图书馆从一个地方搬到另一个地方是件很头疼的事,更不用说买那些书的钱了。A. relief欣慰;B. reward报答;C. headache头疼;D. mistake错误。根据" move my mini library from one place to another,"可知,搬书是一件头疼的事情。故选C。
12.考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:另一方面,除了占用更少的空间,电子书比传统书籍更便宜。 A. In other words换句话说;B. As a result结果;C. In addition此外;D. On the other hand另一方面。这里作者从另一方面来说明电子书的优点。故选D。
13.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:另一方面,除了占用更少的空间,电子书比传统书籍更便宜。A. available可利用的;B. costly昂贵的;C. affordable支付得起的;D. reliable可靠的。根据"Physical books aren't cheap "可知,电子书比传统书籍更便宜。故选C。
14.考查名词词义辨析。句意:然而,这些好处并没有让我长久地保持兴趣。A. disadvantages不利;B. benefits好处;C. thoughts想法;D. challenges挑战。根据转折词"Yet "可知,电子书的好处并没有让作者长久地保持兴趣。故选B。
15.考查动词词义辨析。句意:没有什么比喝杯热茶看书更舒服的了。A. involves涉及;B. deserves值得;C. beats打败;D. expresses表达。根据"the comforting feeling of curling up(蜷缩)with a hot cup of tea and a book."可知,没有什么能够比得上喝杯热茶看书更舒服的了。beat这里为"比……更好"之意。故选C。
4.答案：1-5 ACBCA6-10 BDDDA 11-15 BDDCB
解析：1.考查动词及语境理解。A.laughed at嘲笑；B.thought of想起；C.looked after照顾；D.watched over监视，照看。句意：许多因长相而被嘲笑的青少年现在都申请让LBFF"修复"他们的问题部位。根据上文"The Little Baby Face Foundation (LBFF)provides free plastic surgery(整容手术)for children born with facial deformities（畸形）. "可知，许多青少年因为长相畸形而被嘲笑。故选A。2.考查名词及语境理解。A. practice练习；B.light光线，光亮；C.knife刀；D.process过程。句意：纳迪亚是一名14岁的少女，今年6月她接受了整容手术，面部发生了很大变化。根据上文"had her face greatly changed"可知，她做了整形手术。under the knife"接受手术"。故选C。3.考查名词及语境理解。A.opinions观点；B.comments评论；C.thoughts想法；D.ideas主意。句意：那些评论伤了她的心。 根据上文"They said I have the biggest ears that they've ever seen. They called me elephant ears, "Nadia said.可知，同学们嘲笑她长相的评论伤害了她。故选B。4.考查动词及语境理解。A.wanted想要；B.needed需要；C.considered考虑；D.managed管理。句意：她甚至考虑过如何结束自己的生命。根据后文"how to end her own life"可如，她甚至考虑过自杀。故选C。5.考查动词及语境理解。A.keep保持；B.protect保护；C.end结束；D.shelter保护，掩蔽。句意：但纳迪亚试图对她的母亲琳达隐瞒欺凌事件。根据下文"When her mother did finally 7 about the bullying, she was heartbroken."可知，她试图隐瞒霸凌事件。keep sth. from sb."向某人隐瞒某事"。故选A。6.考查名词及语境理解。A.incomes收入；B.bills账单；C.notes笔记；D.accounts账户。句意：她的母亲已经在为9岁的儿子乔希（Josh）支付越来越多的医药费，乔希患有严重的脑部疾病。根据下文"Josh，who had a serious brain disease."可知，弟弟的疾病需要花费越来越多的医药费。故选B。7.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.work out计算出，锻炼；B.cut out割掉，删除；C.make up组成，弥补；D.find out找到，发现。句意：当她妈妈终于发现她被欺负的事时，她的心都碎了。根据下文"she was heartbroken."可知，妈妈最终发现了她被校园霸凌。故选D。8.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.turned in上交；B.asked for请求；C.related to与……有关；D.turned to转向，求助于。句意：然后她的母亲向LBFF求助，后者接受了Nadia的申请。根据下文"which accepted Nadia's application."可知，她的妈妈向LBFF求助了。故选D。9.考查形容词及语境理解。A.quick迅速的；B.relaxed放松的；C.pleasant令人愉快的；D.painful痛苦的。句意：手术非常痛苦，她的脸花了好几个月才痊愈，但她终于以一张全新的脸重返学校，她终于为自己的脸感到骄傲。根据下文"it took months for her face to heal"可知，手术非常痛苦。故选D。10.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.manage to设法完成；B.seek to试图；C.agree to同意；D.try to试着。句意：手术非常痛苦，她的脸花了好几个月才痊愈，但她终于以一张全新的脸重返学校，她终于为自己的脸感到骄傲。 根据上文"The surgeries were very 9 and it took months for her face to heal, but"可知， 此处表示手术虽然痛苦，但是她成功以一张全新的脸重返学校。故选A。11.考查名词及语境理解。A.operations手术；B.extremes极端，末端；C.evaluations评价；D.attitudes态度。句意：纳迪亚的手术或许帮助她克服了情感上的痛苦，但青少年是否应该仅仅因为受到欺负就走向这些极端呢？根据上文"She even 4 how to end her own life."可知，此处询问但青少年是否应该仅仅因为受到欺负就走向这些极端。故选B。12.考查动词及语境理解。A.protest抗议，反对；B.declare宣布；C.push推；D.warn警告。句意：专家警告说，如果这种畸形对孩子来说不是真正的问题，那么整形手术并不能解决问题！根据下文"if the deformities are not really a problem to the child, plastic surgery is not the answer!"可知, 专家就应该找出真正的原因提出警告。故选D。
13.考查名词及语境理解。A.answer回答，答案；B.way方法；C.notice通知；D.message信息。句意：事实上，当一个青少年决定去做整形手术，因为他或她被欺负，这可能会传递错误的信息。根据上文"In fact, when a teen decides to get plastic surgery because he or she is being bullied"可知， 如果是因为校园霸凌而做的整形手术就会传递错误的信息。故选D。14.考查动词及语境理解。A.recommend推荐；B.remember记得；C.support支持；D.suppose假设，认为。句意：通过外科手术改变霸凌的受害者，就好像你支持霸凌者，并同意受害者实际上是值得他或她被称为所有那些名字。此处表示如果是因为校园霸凌而做的整形手术就会传递错误的信息，等同于在支持欺负者他们是对的。故选C。15.考查名词及语境理解。A.sufferings痛苦，苦难；B.names姓名；C.bullies欺负，霸凌；D.behaviors行为。句意：通过外科手术改变霸凌的受害者，就好像你支持霸凌者，并同意受害者实际上是值得他或她被称为所有那些名字。 根据上文"They said I have the biggest ears that they've ever seen. They called me elephant ears，Nadia said."可知，欺负者会给受害者起一些奇怪的名字。故选B。
5.答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B; 5.B; 6.C; 7.A; 8.D; 9.B; 10.C; 11.D; 12.C; 13.B; 14.A; 15.D
解析：1.考查名词及语境理解。A.opponent对手;B.model榜样;C.amateur业余爱好者;D.headache头痛。句意:现在,她已经成为所有年龄层的人的模范。根据老人的事迹和下文教练对她的评价"To see somebody at that age doing what she's doing is(12)"可知,她是大家的"模范"。故选B。
2.考查形容词及语境理解。A.determined下定决心的;B.satisfied满意的;C.stressed紧张的;D.worried担心的。句意:Langdon已经65岁了,她决心过一种更健康的生活。根据本段下文"She knew it was time for a(4)"可知,老人"决心"过一种健康的生活方式。故选A。
3.考查动词及语境理解。A.attempted企图;B.refused拒绝;C.struggled挣扎;D.hesitated犹豫。句意:2007年,她的体重超过210磅,上楼梯时常常气喘吁吁。由"she weighed over 210 pounds and often(3)"可知,Langdon体重超210磅,因此会呼吸困难,struggle to do 是固定短语,意为"挣扎着做某事",故选C。
4.考查名词及语境理解。A.study学习;B.change改变;C.visit参观;D.break休息。句意:她知道是时候改变一下了。由下文"She began with the basics"可知,Langdon"改变"了生活方式。故选B。
5.考查动词及语境理解。A.reported报道;B.witnessed目睹;C.organized组织;D.entered进入。句意:在加入健身房,看着她的教练准备力量举重比赛后,她目睹了比赛,并决定自己试试。根据下文"decided to(6)it herself."可推知,她看了比赛后,才会决定自己也要参加。故选B。
6.考查动词及语境理解。A.test测试;B.fix修理;C.try尝试;D.adopt采用。句意:在加入健身房,看着她的教练准备力量举重比赛后,她目睹了比赛,并决定自己试试。根据下文"She began with the basics"可知,她是决定亲自尝试。故选C。
7.考查副词及语境理解。A.eventually最后;B.naturally自然地,天然地;C.directly直接地;D.temporarily暂时地。句意:她从最基本的开始用扫帚当杠铃,最后开始练习举重。前半句"began with the basics"说从基础的开始,后面就应该说最后"使用更重的杠铃(weights)。故选A。
8.考查名词及语境理解。A.destination目的地;B.reference参考;C.task任务;D.passion热爱。句意:不久她就发现举重是她的爱好。根据下文"won 20 of her powerlifting meets and has state"讲的比赛取得的成绩和"To powerlit a total of over a thousand pounds"是她的目标可知,很快她就发现了自己对举重的"热爱"。故选D。
9.考查动词及语境理解。A.improving提高;B.stopping停止;C.recovering恢复;D.winning赢。句意:尽管Langdon已经赢得了20次举重比赛的冠军,并创下了州、国家和世界纪录,但她近期内丝毫没有停止的迹象。根据下文"To powerlift a total of over a thousand pounds."可知,她还有更高的追求,所以尽管成绩卓著,她毫无"停下来"的迹象。故选B。
10.考查名词及语境理解。A.lifestyle生活方式;B.competition竞赛;C.goal目标;D.success成功。句意:她的下一个目标是什么?根据下文"To powerlift a total of over a thousand pounds"可知,这是她的下一个目标。故选C。
11.考查名词及语境理解。A.leader领导人;B.memory记忆;C.coach教练;D.treasure财富。句意:她的教练说:"她对健身房、对我对整个力量举重领域来说,都是一笔财富。"鉴于老人的年龄和在举重运动中的表现,教练觉得老人是个"备受宠爱(器重)的人",因此空格处是"财富",故选D。
12.考查形容词及语境理解。A.threatening威胁(性)的;B.convincing令人信服的;C.inspiring鼓舞人心的;D.confusing令人困惑的。句意:看到这么大年纪的人还在做她现在正在做的事,真是鼓舞人心。根据下文的"She wants others to know that with motivation and strong faith,anyone of her age can get into (13)"可知,看到在这个年龄她所做的事,是很激励人的。故选C。
13.考查名词及语境理解。A.debt债务;B.shape外形;C.trouble麻烦;D.position位置。句意:她想让别人知道,只要有动力和坚定的信念,她这个年龄的任何人都可以保持身材。由第一段" become a(n)(1)to people of all ages."可知,老人给大家树立了榜样,因此任何像她这个年龄的人都能强身健体,保持身材,故选B。
14.考查动词及语境理解。A.exercise锻炼;B.fight与作斗争;C.develop发展;D.suffer遭受。句意:她说:"你的身体生来就是为了锻炼的,为了保持健康,你必须让它保持运动。"根据后面的"keep it moving"可知,Langdon认为身体是要"锻炼"的。故选A。
15.考查形容词及语境理解。A.calm平静的;B.relaxed放松的;C.optimistic乐观的;D.healthy健康的。句意:她说:"你的身体生来就是为了锻炼的,为了保持健康,你必须让它保持运动。"锻炼当然为的是保持健康。故选D。
6.答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.A; 4.C; 5.A; 6.A; 7.C; 8.D; 9.B; 10.B; 11.C; 12.A; 13.D; 14.D; 15.C
解析：1.考查动词及语境理解。 A displaying展示B disappearing消失； C discouraging使气馁D disturbing打扰。根据第二自然段" No one picks up the phone anymore"和" The reflex（习惯性动作）of 3 built so deeply into people who grew up in 20th century telephonic culture- Is gone."可知没有人再打电话，这一习惯不再有，消失了，gone与disappear，是同义词复现，且第五自然段第一句为原句复现。故选B。
2.考查名词及语境理解。 A. volumes体积； B links联系； C versions版本； D effects影响。通读全文可知，文章第三、四、五自然段回答了第一个问题" What brought us to this moment"，而第六、七自然段讲了这一变化带来的影响，所以第二个问题应该是问它的影响是什么"。故选D。
3.考查动词及语境理解。 A answering答复，接电话； B winding缠绕； C striking撞击； D wandering徘徊。根据句意可知，这里所说已经消失的习惯动作与20世纪电话文化有关，上文No one picks up the phone anymore表达了同样的意思，所以"消失的习惯动作就是" picks up the phone"，接电话。故选A。
4.考查名词及语境理解。 A inspection检查； B variation变化； C communication交流D expectation期待。从下文例举内容可知，这里是指除打电话，人们有了更多可选择的交流方式，比如带有照片、视频、表情符号、链接的短信，甚至语音信息。故选C。
5.考查形容词及语境理解。 A. attractive有吸引力的；B. overall全部的； C plain朴素的D realistic现实的。根据句中比较级结构可知voice messages是一种更有吸引力的交流方式选项。故选A。
6.考查形容词及语境理解。 A multiple许多的； B outstanding杰出的； C ambitious有雄心的； D enthusiastic热情的。根据上文"Texting is light and fun not nearly as demanding of your attention as a phone call"中所说发短信的特点和常识可知，用短语交流时轻松有趣，没有那么迫切，所以可以同时多人进行交流。故选A。
7.考查动词短语及语境理解。 A call out for号召； B get down to看手处理； C eat away at侵蚀； D go in for参加。根据句中also可知， Social media, email and video calls-与上文 Texting一样，比 traditional phone all更有优势，所以它们也会蚕食 traditional phone calls的时间。故选C。
8.考查动词及语境理解。 A sweep扫；B stimulate刺激； C transform改变； D ignore忽略。根据文中 another reason可知本段是承接上文，仍然分析人们不再打电话的原因，" ignore phone calls completely"与前文" No one picks up the phone anymore"表达相同语义。故选D。
9.考查动词及语境理解。 A consume消费；B. sell卖；C arrange安排； D grab抓住。结合常识，和 Telemarketers（电话销售员）这一职业特征可知，这里是打电话推销东西。故选B。
10.考查动词及语境理解。 A. guaranteeing保证； B equaling等于；c. combining结合； D easing减轻。上文"Americans received 22.8 billion robocalls halfway through2020"，下文说" an annual rate of 45.6 billion，"根据时间和数字关系可知两组数据表达的是—个概念。故选B。
11.考查动词及语境理解。 A negate否定B dominate支配； C separate分离；D. upset使心烦。根据上文 As telephone culture disappears what is the loss of a singular family phone doing to the family unit Early landline phones unite family members, 随着电话文化的消失，单一的家庭电话的丢失对家庭单位有什么影响？早期的固定电话把家庭成员团结在一起，而手机将它们分开。可知，前后句属于对比关系，unite与 separate对比。故选C。
12.考查形容词及语境理解。 A. shared共享的； B possessed着魔的；C. estimated估计的D. employed被雇用的。结合常识，根据上文内容可知以前的 landline phones（固定电话）是家庭共用的。故选A。
13.考查名词及语境理解。 Liberation解放B reputation名声；C. security安全； D. mobility流动性。结合常识可知，与用上文提到的固定电话比起来，人手一个的智能手机让我们更自由。故选D。
14.考查名词及语境理解。 Innovation创新； B concept概念； C appetite胃口； D capability能力。根据上文" Early landline phones unite family members"可知，传统的固定电话具有让家庭成员团结一起的能力，而智能手机削弱了这一能力。故选D。
15.考查动词及语境理解。 A greet.欢迎B accompany陪伴； C unite团结；D, rely依靠。根据上文" But the value of the home has declined, as has its 14 to guide and monitor family behavior and perhaps bind families more closely together，"可知，智能手机削弱家的价值和它团结家庭成员的能力，所以在电话文化消失的时代，我们需要找到其它团结家庭成员的方式。故选C。