2023届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解议论类、应用类专练（含答案）

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解议论类、应用类专练（含答案），共12页。
阅读理解议论类、应用类专练考点01：主旨大意题考点02：细节理解题考点03：推理判断题考点04：词义猜测题 1.    Paper is one of our oldest, simplest and most important inventions. But it also presents a danger to the world in two significant ways. First, the making of paper requires the loss of millions of trees each year. Between 2001 and 2019, the world lost 386 million hectares of forest. Of the trees that were cut down, 42% went to paper production. And worldwide use of paper is expected to double in the next 40 years. Clearly, the planet cannot sustain such a high rate of forest loss.    The second great problem with paper is what happens once it is no longer useful. A huge quantity of wastepaper ends up in dumps and landfills(垃圾填埋场) where it can produce harmful gases. Paper in landfills leads to the release(释放) of methane, a gas that is a significant contributor in global warming.    One simple solution can greatly reduce both of these problems: paper recycling. Paper is mainly made from cellulose(纤维素), which makes up the cell walls of trees and many other plants. Because of its structure, cellulose can be used repeatedly in papermaking. So far, trees are the only source of cellulose that can fill the massive demand for paper products. Therefore, recycling paper is simply one of the best ways to save trees.    Thanks to advances in processing, recycled paper isn't the dull-colored stuff many of us are familiar with any more. It now can offer the same print performance as non-recycled paper.    Effective recycling requires a consistent effort. The way to begin is with education and understanding. Once enough people realize the need for recycling, more effective recycling systems can be carried out. The massive loss of trees affects everybody on earth. Everyone should do their part to recycle paper and encourage government and industries to do the same.1.What does the author want to express in Paragraph 1?
A.Consequences resulting from forest loss.
B.The significance of paper in daily life.
C.The disadvantages of current paper production.
D.The severe situation caused by papermaking.
2.Why is paper in landfills harmful?
A.It releases smelly gases. B.It results in global climate change.
C.It pollutes the nearby land. D.It may lead to fire accidents.
3.What can we know about paper-recycling?
A.It produces cellulose to make more paper. B.The structure of cellulose makes it possible.
C.The color of recycled paper is different. D.It produces cellulose without using trees.
4.What's the purpose of this text?
A.To introduce paper recycling technology. B.To stress the threat of global warming.
C.To appeal to people to recycle paper. D.To describe the considerable need for paper.2.    A Space Age "disaster of the commons" is unfolding right under our nose—or, really, right over our head. For more than a half-century, humans have been casting objects into low-Earth orbit in ever growing numbers. And with few meaningful limitations on further launches, the general attitude has been permissive: in orbit, it seems, there is always room for one more.    After so many decades of the buildup of high-speed chaos in the form of spent rocket stages, low-Earth orbit is finally on the edge of becoming too crowded for comfort. And the problem tends to get much worse because of the rise of satellite "mega constellations(大星座)" requiring thousands of aircrafts, such as SpaceX's Starlink. Starlink is but one of many similar projects. Another mega constellation from a company called OneWeb is already being stationed. And Amazon's Project Kuiper is seeking to create a mega constellation of up to 3200 satellites in the near future.    The International Space Station regularly adjusts its orbit to avoid potentially risky debris(碎片). Worse yet, there has been an increase in the threat of full-on collisions. Consider the February 2009 run-in between a dead Russian satellite and a commercial aircraft, which produced a great amount of debris.    Finding ways to remove at least some of all that space rubbish should be a top global priority(优先), says Donald Kessler, a scientist for orbital debris research. In the late 1970s, he foretold the possibility of the Kessler conditions: as the mass of space trash increases, self-protecting runaway cycle of debris-generating collisions can arise, making low-Earth orbit too risky to support most space activities.    "There is now agreement within the community that the debris environment has reached a 'tipping point' where debris would continue to increase even if all launches were stopped, Kessler says. "There are collisions taking place all the time—less noticeable and not in large numbers," Kessler adds.1.What can be concluded from Paragraph 1?
A.Humans are facing a space collision disaster. B.General public are tolerant of present situation.
C.Nothing has been done in space management. D.Low-Earth orbit is in a high degree of order.
2.Why is mega constellation mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A.To explain the cause of the space jam. B.To show the influence of the aircrafts.
C.To stress the popularity of the space race. D.To praise the efforts of famous companies.
3.What is Kessler's attitude towards the debris environment?
A.Ambiguous. B.Worried. C.Doubtful. D.Tolerant.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Space Collisions Are Unavoidable B.Space Development Needs to Stop
C.Space Activities Are Out of Control D.Space Rubbish Arouses Concerns3.    "If you don't behave, I'll call the police" is a lie that parents might use to get their young children to behave. A new psychological(心理学的) study led by Nanyang Technological University, Singapore suggests that it is connected with harmful effects when the children become adults.    The research team asked 379 Singaporean young adults whether their parents lied to them when they were children, how much they lie to their parents as adults, and how well they respond adulthood challenges.    The first questionnaire asked these young adults to recall if their parents told them lies about eating, leaving or staying, spending money and so on. Some examples of such lies are "If you don't come with me now, I will leave you here by yourself" and "I don't bring money with me today, we can come back another day". The second questionnaire included questions that could show how often they lie to their parents as adults. Lastly, these young adults filled in two other questionnaires that asked them about their psychological problems and tendency(趋势) to behave selfishly and impulsively(冲动地).    Adults who reported being lied to more as children were more likely to report lying to their parents in their adulthood. They also said they faced greater difficulty in meeting psychological and social challenges.    Lead author Setoh Peipei from NTU Singapore's School of Social Sciences said, "Parenting by lying can seem to save time, especially when the real reasons behind why parents want children to do something are difficult to explain. When parents tell children that 'honesty is the best policy', but display dishonesty by lying, such behavior can send negative messages to their children. Parents' dishonesty may finally erode trust and encourage dishonesty in children"    "Our research suggests that parenting by lying is a practice that has negative influence on children when they grow up. Parents should be aware of these possible risks and consider other ways to replace lying, such as knowing children's feelings, giving information so children know what to expect, offering choices and solving problems together, to encourage children to have good behavior," said lead author Setoh Peipei.    But the study has its limitations. Some limitations of the study include depending on what young adults report about their parents' lying. "Future research can explore using many informants(提供信息的人), such as parents, to report on the same thing" suggested Setoh.1.What did the research team do during the study?
A.They turned to 379 Singaporean children.
B.They looked for questionnaires on the Internet.
C.They collected answers to some sets of questions.
D.They asked the young adults parents for information.
2.What does the underlined word "erode" in Paragraph 5 mean?
A.build B.enhance C.destroy D.recover
3.Which of the following might Setoh Peipei agree with?
A.Parents can sometimes tell harmless lies to their kids.
B.Parents had better explain to their kids why they've lied.
C.Parents who like lying are more likely to behave selfishly.
D.Parents should use positive ways instead of lying during parenting.
4.What is the main idea of the text?
A.Parents' lying to children can influence them negatively.
B.Parents lie to children to save themselves some trouble.
C.Children's behavior can be affected by their parents.
D.Children may lie more if their parents often lie.4.    If you are longing for a hike in Alaska and aren't sure where to start, here are our favorites. There's something for all levels of skill and ambition.The Kenai River Trail     A half mile down this trail are wonderful views of the Kenai River Canyon. There are really two trailheads(小道的起点); the main "upper" trail starts at mile 0.6 of Skilak Lake Rd, and the other at mile 2.3. A Dall sheep overlooks the Turnagain Arm.Turnagain Arm Trail    This 11-mile hike begins at Potter Trailhead (Mile 115). Initially used by Alaska Natives, the trail, can also be accessible to points along the way: McHugh Creek (Mile 112), Rainbow (Mile 108) and Windy (Mile 107).Iditarod National Historic Trail     The National Historic Iditarod Trail is a 24-mile hike used by gold miners and sled-dog teams until 1918, when the Alaska Railroad was finished. It's a two-to-three day hike through superb mountain scenery to Girdwood (where it's known as the Crow Pass Trail), and is the region's best backpack adventure.    Put up a tent at Echo Bend (Mile 3), or rent one of two yurts(毡房) ($65 per night) close by. For a shorter outing you can turn around at the Perch, then return to the Dew Mound Trail at Echo Bend and then to the Nature Center, making this a scenic 8-mile trip.Reed Lakes Trail     Two alpine lakes, waterfalls, glaciers and towering granite(花岗岩) walls: the 7-to-9-mile Reed Lakes Trail is one of the most wonderful hikes in the region, and worth the climb. Once you reach upper Reed Lake, continue 1 mile to Bomber Glacier, where the ruin of a B-29 bomber lies in memorial to six men who died in a 1957 crash.1.Which of the following was originally used by Alaska Natives?
A.The Kenai River Trail. B.Turnagain Arm Trail.
C.Iditarod National Historic Trail. D.Reed Lakes Trail.
2.At which place can hikers set up a tent?
A.Girdwood.  B.Potter Trailhead.
C.Echo Bend.  D.Turnagain Arm.
3.What will visitors see at Bomber Glacier?
A.A memorial to six heroes. B.A tower made of granite.
C.The ruin of a B-29 bomber. D.One of the most gorgeous waterfalls.5.NATIONAL ARTS COMPETITION    Are you a 15- to 18-year-old visual, literary or performing artist? The YoungArts application opens June 22, 2021.    ABOUT THE COMPETITION    YoungArts' signature program is an application-based award for artists aged 15—18 or in grades 10—12. Selected through a blind selection process conducted by an independent group of highly accomplished artists, YoungArts winners receive financial awards, creative and professional development experiences working with famous guest artists, and become qualified for nomination(提名) as a U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts. Joining a 20000-strong alumni community, YoungArts award winners form a rich network of people of an age that provides support and opportunities throughout artists' careers.    WHY APPLY    Receive:    ●Cash awards    ●Mentorship(导师制) by accomplished artists    ●A lifetime of creative and professional support    ●A network of distinguished artists of the same age    ●Nomination for U.S. Presidential Scholar in the Arts    ●National recognition    QUALIFICATION    ●Be a citizen of the United States or permanent resident/green card holder (copy of the documentation is required in the application)    ●Be in grades 10—12 or 15—18 years of age on December 1 of the year you are applying    ●Have not already been named a YoungArts Finalist and previously attended National YoungArts Week    HOW TO APPLY    ●Complete the YoungArts application on Accepted, including required documentation and audition, by the deadline. Pay the $35 application fee or get a fee waiver(减免, 免除). Learn more about fee waivers in our FAQ.    Have questions about the application? Please visit our FAQ or email us at apply@youngarts.org.1.What can YoungArts winners receive?
A.International recognition. B.U.S. Presidential Scholar.
C.Long-term financial support. D.Chances to work with famous artists.
2.Who can apply for the YoungArts competition?
A.Temporary residents in America. B.17-year-old performing artists.
C.Winners of National YoungArts Week. D.All named YoungArts Finalists.
3.How can you find more information about the application?
A.By communicating with winners. B.By paying the $35 application fee.
C.By sending an email.  D.By making a telephone call.6.    This page explains how to prepare your article for submission to any of our journals.    Note that length limits, article types and other journal specific information are available on the "Author information" page on each journal website.    The submitting author will be required to provide an Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID) via the online submission system. The benefits of registering an ORCID are outlined here. Provision of ORCIDs by co-authors is strongly encouraged, but not a must.    You are permitted to suggest suitably regular reviewers(审稿人), especially if you are from underrepresented groups, such as women, scientists with disabilities, early life researchers. However, we may choose to use other reviewers.    Editorial rules    Please carefully read our rule page before submitting and review our licensing and open access conditions. Papers submitted to our journals are normally peer reviewed in a single-blind fashion (author names are not hidden, but judge names are).    Unless you have selected for publication of peer review information for accepted papers (available in some journals'), the review reports and other contact(联系) information relating to your paper should not be shared or made publicly available.    Formatting(编排格式) your article    In order to make contributions submission as easy as possible for authors, we have introduced format-free first submission for the majority of our journals, apart from Biology Letters which requires a Word version upon first submission to enable accurate length calculation.    Once an article has been accepted for publication the main contribution must be submitted as an editable file, not a PDF, and the source files of any figures and tables must be provided.1.What are women especially suggested doing in the text?
A.Offering their ORCIDs. B.Recommending qualified assessors.
C.Focusing on access conditions. D.Measuring article length correctly.
2.Which can we find in the articles submitted to the journals?
A.Writer names.  B.The review reports.
C.Judges' emails.  D.Judge names.
3.Whom is the text probably written for?
A.An editor.  B.A journalist.
C.A researcher.  D.A teacher.7.Online Summer School Courses and Programs    Summer is the perfect time for students to catch up, get ahead, try a new language, or explore electives. A K12-powered online summer school program or course could be just what your child needs to start the next school year strong!How does online summer school work?For Elementary School Students     For students in grades K-5, you can buy courses at K12 courses.com. With flexible options to meet your child's needs and affordable payment plans, this summer can be an enriching one. Choose from courses in art, social studies, language arts, math, science, music, and more!For Middle School and High School Students    Whether your child is already enrolled(报名) in a full-time K12-powered school or not, online summer school courses are offered for 6th—12th graders through K12 Private Academy and The Keystone School.Credit Recovery Courses     Designed for students who didn't pass a subject the first time, Keystone's Credit Recovery Courses use new approaches to teach unlearned concepts, letting students move past material they've already mastered. Most are ELL-supported. Browse(浏览) the Keystone Credit Recovery Course Catalog for all the offerings.Cost: Online courses begin at $116 for a single semester and $155 for a full year, while correspondence courses are $116 for the entire year.Full-Length Semester Courses    Both schools offer a wide variety of teacher-supported courses with summer start dates. Browse each school's course catalog:K12 Private Academy Course CatalogThe Keystone School Course CatalogCost: Varies by school.Condensed(浓缩的) Courses    These are the same quality courses that K12 Private Academy offers during the school year, but each semester course has been condensed to four weeks (20 instructional days). Students are expected to commit 4—5 hours a day for each condensed summer course.Cost: Tuition is $450 per semester, plus materials and shipping.    For full details on cost, courses offered, start times, and how to enroll, visit K12 Private Academy and The Keystone School.1.For whom is the text intended?
A.College students.  B.Kindergarten children.
C.Middle school teachers. D.The students' parents.
2.Where can high school students purchase online summer school courses?
A.At K12courses.com.  B.Through K12-powered school.
C.Through The Keystone School. D.Through ELL-supported School.
3.Which courses would you choose if your child failed in a subject?
A.Condensed Courses.  B.Credit Recovery Courses.
C.Teacher-supported courses. D.Full-Length Semester Courses.8.Gold Coast to Country Romantic GetawayInclusions4 nights accommodation at the 5-star QT Gold Coast in a QT King Mountain River Room.2 nights accommodation at the 4-star Mt Tamborine Stonehaven Guest House in an Executive(行政) Room.BONUS SAVE up to $154.FLEXIBLE FREE changes & cancellations up to 30 days ahead of travel.Why not add 7 days economy car hire, pick up & drop off at Brisbane OR Gold Coast Airport from an extra &167.QT Gold Coast     Setting a new standard of designer accommodation, QT Gold Coast is deliberately intended to inspire conversation and arrest the senses. This lively beachside hotel features a fun and extraordinary design and unique food and drink experiences, including Cafe e FIXX, Yamagen Japanese Restaurant and Bazaar Marketplace Restaurant. Evocative(唤起回忆的) and colourful, QT Gold Coast brings a playful edge to contemporary design with stylish guest rooms.    Evening slight wind, meet palm trees. Warming you up with day spa activations and cooling things down with Sunday Sessions, come and join us soon.Mt Tamborine Stonehaven Guest House     Staying at Stonehaven Guest House on Mt Tamborine you will be perfectly positioned to enjoy all that the mountain has to offer. Just a short walk away from our beautiful Waterfalls, Restaurants and Wineries(酒庄). Stonehaven Guest House offers beautiful king size rooms, all air conditioned with double Spa and Ensuite. The perfect choice for a Getaway, Short walk to Waterfalls, Restaurants, Art & Craft Galleries, Wineries.Book with flexibility    Book with confidence with our flexible holiday options, knowing that if things change, you'll have room to move without the fear of fees!1.What does the Gold Coast Getaway offer its guests?
A.A direct discount of up to $154. B.Order cancellations at any time.
C.Charged car rental services. D.Six nights' 5-star accommodation.
2.What can you enjoy in both QT Gold Coast and Stonehaven Guest House?
A.Food and drink.  B.Stylish guest rooms.
C.A walk in art galleries. D.A bird's view of the beach.
3.What should you know when you are booking?
A.Few options are provided. B.Booking fees are required.
C.Booking in person is needed. D.Adjusting schedules is permitted.

 

答案以及解析1.答案：1-4 DBBC
解析：1.段落大意题。根据第一段内容尤其是第二句"But it also presents a danger to the world in two significant ways."和最后一句"Clearly, the planet cannot sustain such a high rate of forest loss."可知, 作者在第一段想要表达的是造纸导致的严峻形势。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句"Paper in landfills leads to the release(释放) of methane, a gas that is a significant contributor in global warming."可知, 垃圾填埋场中的纸会导致甲烷的释放, 而甲烷是一种在全球变暖中起重要作用的气体。由此可知, 垃圾填埋场中的纸是有害的, 因为它会导致全球气候变化。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据第三段第三句"Because of its structure, cellulose can be used repeatedly in papermaking."可知, 因纤维素的结构, 它可以在造纸(过程)中被反复使用。由此可知, 纤维素的结构使循环用纸成为可能。故选B。
4.写作意图题。通读全文尤其是最后一段最后一句"Everyone should do their part to recycle paper and encourage government and industries to do the same."可知, 每个人都应该尽自己的努力回收纸张, 并鼓励政府和各行各业也这样做。由此可推知, 本文的目的是呼吁大家循环使用纸张。故选C。 2.答案：1-4 BABD解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的"the general attitude has been permissive: in orbit, it seems, there is always room for one more"可知, 人们普遍持一种宽容的态度, 认为轨道似乎总有足够的空间来容纳更多的物体。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其是前两句可知, 近地轨道濒临过度拥堵的情况, 使这一问题变得越发严重的原因之一是"大星座"卫星的增加需要成千上万的航空器。由此可推知, 作者在第二段提到"大星座"是想解释导致太空拥堵的原因。故选A。
3.观点态度题。根据最后两段内容尤其是第四段第一句中的"Finding ways to remove at least some of all that space rubbish should be a top global priority(优先)"和第五段最后一句中的"There are collisions taking place all the time—less noticeable and not in large numbers"可知, 至少找到清除其中一些太空垃圾的方法应该是全球的一项首要任务。(太空垃圾的)碰撞一直在发生, 只是不明显, 而且数量不多。由此可推知, Kessler对于碎片环境持担忧的态度。故选B。
4.标题概括题。通读全文可知, 本文主要介绍了发射进入太空的飞行器使近地轨道变得越来越拥挤, 而由此产生的大量太空垃圾引起了研究人员的担忧。D项是最适合本文的标题。故选D。 3.答案：1-4 CCDA解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段的描写可知, 研究团队通过问问题的方式收集信息。故选C。
2.词义猜测题。根据后面的"encourage dishonesty"可知, 此处应该是"破坏信任"。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的内容可知, 父母说谎会对孩子的成长产生负面影响, 故应该采取一些积极的措施来代替说谎。故选D。
4.主旨大意题。根据全文内容, 尤其是第一段和倒数第二段可知, 一项调查研究表明, 父母说谎可能会对孩子的成长产生负面影响。父母应该意识到这种潜在的风险。故选A。4.答案：1-3 BCC解析：1.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的"Initially used by Alaska Natives, the trail, can also be accessible to points along the way"可知, Turnagain Arm Trail这条路线最初只有阿拉斯加当地人使用。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段第一句"Put up a tent at Echo Bend (Mile 3), or rent one of two yurts(毡房) ($65 per night) close by."可知, 在Echo Bend, 徒步者可以搭建帐篷。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句中的"Bomber Glacier, where the ruin of a B-29 bomber lies in memorial to six men who died in a 1957 crash"可知, 游客们可以在Bomber Glacier看到B-29轰炸机的残骸。故选C。 5.答案：1-3 DBC解析：1.细节理解题。根据ABOUT THE COMPETITION部分第二句中的"YoungArts winners receive financial awards, creative and professional development experiences working with famous guest artists"可知, YoungArts的获胜者会得到与著名艺术家合作的机会。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据QUALIFICATION部分第二点"Be in grades 10—12 or 15—18 years of age on December 1 of the year you are applying"可知, 在提交申请那年的12月1日, 10至12年级或年龄在15至18岁的青少年有资格报名参加比赛。由此可知, 17岁的表演艺术家可以申请该比赛。故选B。
3.细节理解题。根据HOW TO APPLY部分最后一段"Have questions about the application? Please visit our FAQ or email us at apply@youngarts.org."可知, 如果你想要了解更多关于申请该项目的信息可以发邮件到指定邮箱。故选C。 6.答案：1-3 BAC解析：1.细节理解题。根据第四段第一句"You are permitted to suggest suitably regular reviewers(审稿人), especially if you are from underrepresented groups, such as women, scientists with disabilities, early life researchers."可知, 你可以推荐符合条件的固定的审稿人, 特别是当你来自于弱势群体时, 比如女性、有身体缺陷的科学家和处于研究生涯早期的人员。故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据第五段第二句"Papers submitted to our journals are normally peer reviewed in a single-blind fashion (author names are not hidden, but judge names are)."可知, 提交的论文通常以单盲方式进行同行评审(作者姓名不被隐藏, 但审稿人姓名被隐藏)。由此可知, 我们可以在提交的文章中找到作者的姓名。故选A。
3.推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第三段第一句中的"provide an Open Researcher and Contributor ID"可知, 文章主要介绍了在某机构的期刊上发表论文的相关要求。由此可推知, 本文最有可能是为研究者所写的。故选C。 7.答案：1-3 DCB解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句"A K12-powered online summer school program or course could be just what your child needs to start the next school year strong!"可推知, 本文是写给学生家长的。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段"Whether your child is already enrolled(报名) in a full-time K12-powered school or not, online summer school courses are offered for 6th—12th graders through K12 Private Academy and The Keystone School."可知, 高中生可以通过K12 Private Academy和The Keystone School来购买暑期在线课程。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段第一句中的"Designed for students who didn't pass a subject the first time, Keystone's Credit Recovery Courses"可知, Keystone的Credit Recovery Courses是为那些第一次没有通过某门课程的学生们设计的。因此, 如果你的孩子有一门功课不及格, 你应该选择Credit Recovery Courses。故选B。 8.答案：1-3 CAD解析：1.细节理解题。根据Inclusions部分最后一句"Why not add 7 days economy car hire, pick up & drop off at Brisbane OR Gold Coast Airport from an extra $167."可知, 黄金海岸乡村浪漫之旅为其顾客提供额外收费的租车服务。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据QT Gold Coast部分第一段第二句中的"This lively beachside hotel features a fun and extraordinary design and unique food and drink experiences"和Mt Tamborine Stonehaven Guest House部分第二句"Just a short walk away from our beautiful Waterfalls, Restaurants and Wineries(酒庄)."可知, 在QT Gold Coast和Stonehaven Guest House, 游客可以享用饮食。故选A。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段"Book with confidence with our flexible holiday options, knowing that if things change, you'll have room to move without the fear of fees!"可知, 在预订时顾客有多种灵活的假期选择, 如果事情有变, 游客有调整的空间而无需担心费用(问题)。故选D。