2023届高考英语二轮复习：语法填空（含解析）

这是一份2023届高考英语二轮复习：语法填空（含解析），共11页。试卷主要包含了高考原题，考情分析，考查词“级”的变化，变式训练等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（4）语法填空—2023届高考英语一轮复习揭秘高考原题【新高考】一、高考原题1. （2022年新高考）   The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). ①_____(cover) an area about three times ②_____ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ③_____(be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ④_____(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.    After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ⑤_____(design) to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ⑥_____ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations". The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ⑦_____(population) and homes of giant pandas, and ⑧_____(eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.    Giant pandas also serve ⑨_____ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ⑩_____ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.2. （2021年新高考）   Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song "The Long and Winding Road". ①_____ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ②_____(human) are.    The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will ③_____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ④_____(hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is—always leaving us ⑤_____(astonish).    What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it ⑥_____(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ⑦_____ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ⑧_____(ache) legs.    As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in ⑨_____(I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is ⑩_____ must to visit!3.（2020年新高考）    Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, ①_____(wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ②_____ until they died, and then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, ③_____(form) the core collection of the British Museum ④_____ opened in 1759.    The parts of a museum open to the public ⑤_____(call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a small part of a museum's collection ⑥_____(be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.    Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine ⑦_____(they) living at a different time in history or ⑧_____ walk through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town. Historical ⑨_____(accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete ⑩_____ people's spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.二、考情分析考查词性的变化1 分析句子结构，确定句子成分1）形容词和副词的转化——修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，做状语——使用副词。2）名词与形容词的转化——表示事物的性质或状态，作表语——使用形容词。3）动词与名词的转化——在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，做主语或宾语——使用名词。2 根据构词法和逻辑关系确定答案考查谓语动词的曲折变化1看结构：根据句子结构判断是否考查谓语动词。若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词。2定语态：根据语境和动词的用法确定使用主动语态还是被动语态。3定时态：根据时间状语或上下文确定具体时态。4看主谓一致：根据主语确定谓语动词的适当形式。5注意特殊句式（祈使句使用动词原形）考查非谓语动词的曲折变化1 判断使用非谓语动词——句中已有谓语，且设空处不作并列谓语2 确定非谓语动词的形式（1）根据句子成分判断  1）作目的状语——不定式  2）作结果状语——现在分词或不定式3）作原因、伴随、时间等状语：与句子主语构成主动关系——现在分词；与句子主语构成被动关系——过去分词。  4）作主语或宾语——动名词或不定式  5）作定语：与被修饰词构成主动关系——现在分词或不定式；与被修饰词构成被动关系——过去分词。 6）作宾语补足语：与句子宾语构成主动关系——现在分词或不定式；与句子宾语构成被动关系——过去分词。（2）根据动词的特点判断：  1）enjoy，finish等动词的宾语常用动名词。2）decide，refuse等动词的宾语常用不定式。3）remember，forget等动词的宾语使用动名词和不定式的意义不同。3 注意固定搭配或固定句型——have difficulty in doing sth., be busy doing sth., it's no use/good doing sth., spend…doing sth等。考查词“数”的变化名词的数：（1）根据many, several, one of… 等信息词确定。（2）根据句意确定。五、考查词“级”的变化形容词或副词的比较等级（1）根据信息词than，most等确定比较级或最高级（2）根据语境确定比较级或最高级考查词“格”的变化代词的转化：（1）作定语——使用形容词性物主代词（2）作主语一一使用主格或名词性物主代词（3）作宾语——使用宾格、名词性物主代词或反身代词三、变式训练4.    Egyptian radiologist Ahmed Hassan liked the design and architecture of China's ①_____(remark) Temple of Heaven so much that he decided to build a replica (复制品) of Beijing's historic monument with matchsticks.    In his free time, while exercising his hobby of building models of landmarks with matchsticks, Hassan spent more than two months ②_____ (work) on the Temple of Heaven. He finished the whole replica of it using about 22,000 matchsticks which he ③_____ (think) is one of the key landmarks and tourist ④_____ (attract) of Beijing, the capital of China.    The over 600-year-old monument covers ⑤_____ area of 270 hectares and ⑥_____ (consider) one of the largest existing architectural complexes in the world. Just as the original circular building is ⑦_____ (complete) wooden with no nails, the Egyptian radiologist used only matchsticks, white glue and a cutter blade to build the replica of the temple.    Hassan, ⑧_____ returned to his old hobby in 2013, has produced more than 20 replicas of monuments from Egypt, Britain, France, Denmark and Russia over the past few years. He said that building a matchstick model of the Temple of Heaven wasn't an easy job, for it was his first time ⑨_____ (carry) out a replica of a landmark from Asia in general and China ⑩_____ particular.5.    International Friendship Day is a day when friends show ①_____(appreciate) for one another.    In 1919, International Friendship Day ②_____ (found) by Hallmark. It was intended to be a day for people ③_____ (celebrate) their friendship by sending each other cards. By 1940 the market ④_____ (dry) up, and finally, it died out completely. In April 2011, the United Nations ⑤_____ (official) recognized 30th July as International Friendship Day, although most countries still celebrate it ⑥_____ the first Sunday of August!    On International Friendship Day, taking a trip together to celebrate is an excellent way to make the day all about each other. You can visit places ⑦_____ you first met or go to wherever you promised each other to go. With so many people ⑧_____ (live) such busy lives, however, not everyone can plan a big day out for each other. But that's what makes International Friendship Day such a ⑨_____ (wonder) time. Best friends understand that life often gets in the way, so they won't be upset if there's no big celebration in their honor. Moreover, with ⑩_____ rise of social media, we become more connected than ever before, so International Friendship Day just gives everyone the chance to get together.6.    Marsupials (有袋类动物) are known for carrying their young in pouches(袋). The kangaroo is one example. Marsupials give birth to babies that are tiny and underdeveloped compared to ①_____ of other animals. A baby kangaroo, for instance, is only ②_____ size of a candy.    Some marsupials have pouches that open forward. Others have pouches that open toward the ③_____ (mother) tail. That prevents mother marsupial from ④_____ (throw) dirt on her baby as she digs. Not all marsupials have pouches. Some ⑤_____ (simple) have a fold of skin that protects their young.    There are about 300 species of marsupials, most of ⑥_____ live in Australia and nearby islands. Others live in the Americas. The ⑦_____ (large) marsupial is the red kangaroo, which can grow up to about two meters tall. The smallest marsupial is barely 12 centimeters in ⑧_____ (long).    Marsupials tend ⑨_____ (have) good hearing and a good sense of smell. That comes in handy, since they are often active when it's dark. Most walk on the ground or climb trees. Bui one kind from South America ⑩_____ (be) a good swimmer. Marsupials are as diverse as the places they live.7.    An in-person chamber concert celebrating traditional and modem Chinese classical music was held at the Lincoln Center last Sunday with nearly 1,000 attendees.    The concert had ①_____(program) from Chinese folksongs, classic literature and other Chinese components. In particular, the concert ②_____ (perform) by independent pipa player and composer Wu Man, as well as artists from the Chamber Music Society of the Lincoln Center.    Although COVID-19 has stopped people-to-people exchanges between China and the United States ③_____ (temporary), it hasn't broken their connections and their desire for art. An official ④_____ charge said, "Music brings people together and promotes understanding. I hope that with joint efforts our two countries may seek common ground while ⑤_____ (reserve) differences and work together to address various challenges ⑥_____ (face) by mankind."    The concert is ⑦_____ second leg of this year's "Image China", a cultural exchange plan by the China Arts and Entertainment Group, ⑧_____ aims to introduce traditional and contemporary Chinese performing arts to the world. Since 2012, "Image China" ⑨_____ (present) a series of Chinese music shows. The cooperation between the Chamber Music Society of the Lincoln Center and China Arts and Entertainment Group has also contributed to the ⑩_____ (develop) of modern Chinese music.8.    Every civilization had its own set of unique ways to produce its delicious food. When ①_____ comes to China, its unique method is to use ancient herbs in their dishes. Chinese cuisines are ②_____ (taste), full of flavor, and are now widespread throughout the world clue to their ③_____ (popular). If you want to bring the Chinese taste to your home, growing some herbs is the best way to go.    Most herbs originating from Asia are simple plants that are easy ④_____ (plant). You won't struggle much to plant a garden of them on your lawn. Most of them are natively from a warm environment, ⑤_____ they grow best in warm climates. However, you can also plant them in containers and they'll adapt ⑥_____ their new environment. Get a package of seeds of your ⑦_____ (desire) herbs and plant them in small pots. You'd need to give them moisture(水分) and temperature. When the plants grow out of the soil, transfer them to your garden bed ⑧_____ they can grow well. Make sure your pots, as well as your garden bed, ⑨_____ (light) by natural sunlight. These herbs grow on moisture, but too much of it could be dangerous for them. If you ⑩_____ (fit) HVAC equipment(供暖与空气调节设备) in your house already, research ways how to maintain the herbs' growth while using air conditioning.

 

答案以及解析1.答案：①Covering ②the ③were ④to increase ⑤is designed ⑥and ⑦populations ⑧eventually ⑨as ⑩that
解析：①非谓语动词。该句谓语部分为will be, 故此处应该用非谓语动词作状语; cover与句子主语是逻辑上的主谓关系, 所以用现在分词形式作伴随状语。②冠词。这里单数名词size前需要冠词, 构成倍数表达法"倍数+the size of+名词"表示"......的大小的几倍大"。③时态和主谓一致。本空所在定语从句的主语, 即关系代词that, 指代前面的a significant number of areas, 这个短语作主语时, 谓语动词的数应该与复数名词areas保持一致; 空后的previously unprotected表明这个定语从句叙述的是过去发生的事。因此填were。④非谓语动词。根据语境可知, 此处在句中作目的状语, 表示"以便提高管理的有效性并降低不一致性"。⑤时态、语态和主谓一致。GPNP作主语, 谓语动词用单数形式; 大熊猫国家公园与design之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态; 结合语境可知此处叙述的是现在的客观情况, 用一般现在时。故填is designed。⑥连词。通过句子结构中的"protecting..., preserving..., protecting..., ⑥_____ leaving"可以看出, 这里需要并列连词来连接多个并列成分, 因此填and。⑦名词复数。population在这里表示"种群", 是可数名词, 由空前的separate可知应填名词复数populations。⑧副词。该空修饰动词achieve, 应填所给词的副词形式eventually。⑨介词。动词短语serve as在此处表示"起作用, 产生效果"。⑩定语从句。先行词"the species"指物, 并且其前有all修饰, 故此处宜用关系代词that。2.答案：①What ②humans ③undoubtedly ④hotter ⑤astonished ⑥was ⑦and ⑧aching ⑨mine ⑩a
解析：①考查名词性从句。分析句子结构并结合语境可知, 本空引导主语从句, 且在从句中做主语, 意为"......的事物"。本空位于句首, 首字母应大写, 故填What。 ②考查名词的单复数。本空做宾语从句主语we的同位语, 故应该用名词的复数形式。③考查副词。分析句子结构可知, 空处做状语修饰动词help, 故填undoubtedly。④考查形容词比较级。根据语境可知气温越低, 温泉就越热。本空所在句使用了"the+比较级..., the+比较级..."结构表示"越......, 越......", 故本空填hot的比较级hotter。⑤考查形容词。本空在"leave+复合宾语"结构中做宾语补足语。astonished吃惊的, 惊讶的; astonishing令人惊讶的。根据语境可知, 这里指的是使我们惊讶, 故填astonished。⑥考查时态。句中有时间状语then, 因此这里说的是当初人们把那些石头放在固定的位置上(即做成石头台阶)很难, 本空填was。⑦考查连词。本空连接两个谓语动词(highlights和offers), 表示顺接关系, 因此这里填并列连词and。⑧考查非谓语动词。本空在句中做定语, ache与中心词legs是逻辑上的主动关系, 故用现在分词aching。⑨考查代词。与前面的"it will always stick in the visitor's memory"呼应, 这里表示"It sure sticks in my memory", 因此本空填名词性物主代词mine。⑩考查冠词。此处must表示"必须做的事", 为可数名词, 通常用单数。a must表示"一件必须做的事"。 3.答案：①wealthy ②or ③formed ④which/that ⑤are called ⑥is ⑦themselves ⑧walking ⑨accuracy ⑩for
解析：①考查形容词。空格处修饰名词people, 需用形容词做定语。 ②考查连词。根据语境可知, 前后陈述的是两种可能性, 需用连词or。③考查时态。空格处是谓语动词, 根据时间状语"in 1759"可知, 需用一般过去时。④考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句, 先行词是the British Museum, 关系词在从句中做主语, 需用关系代词which/that。⑤考查时态和语态。句中描述的是客观事实, 需用一般现在时; 主语与谓语call构成动宾关系, 需用被动语态, 且主语是复数概念, 故填are called。⑥考查时态和主谓一致。句中描述的是客观事实, 需用一般现在时; 主语only a small part of a museum's collection是单数概念, 谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。⑦考查反身代词。空格处指代visitors, 表示"他们自己", 需用反身代词。故填themselves。⑧考查非谓语动词。空格处与living是并列成分, 共同做imagine的宾语补足语, imagine sb. doing sth, 意为"想象某人做某事"。⑨考查名词。空格处做主语, 位于形容词Historical之后, 需用名词, 意为"历史的准确性"。⑩考查介词。compete for为固定短语, 意为"为了......竞争"。 4.答案： remarkable; working; thought; attractions; an; is considered; completely; who; to carry; in解析：①考查形容词。空处修饰名词短语Temple of Heaven,所以应用形容词形式。故填remarkable。②考查非谓语动词。spend…doing sth是固定结构,意为“在做某事上花费(时间、金钱等)”。故填working。③考查时态。分析上文可知,他的“天坛是中国首都北京的重要地标和旅游景点之一”这种想法是他在复制天坛时的想法,所以用一般过去时。故填thought。④考查名词。one of后是and连接的两个并列的名词短语,所以这里应用名词的复数形式。故填attractions。⑤考查冠词。cover an area of.….是固定短语,意为“占地面积……”。故填an。⑥考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处与covers并列作句子的谓语;主语The over 600-year-old monument表示单数概念;主语与consider之间为动宾关系,所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is considered。⑦考查副词。空处修饰形容词wooden,所以应用副词形式。故填completely。⑧考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在定语从句中作主语。先行词为Hassan,指人,所以填who。⑨考查非谓语动词。“It was one's first time to do sth.”为固定句型,意为“那是某人第一次做某事”。文中it作形式主语,不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to carry。⑩考查介词。in particular是固定短语,意为“特别,尤其”。5.答案： appreciation; was founded; to celebrate; had dried; officially; on; where; living; wonderful; the解析：①考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空处作动词show的宾语,需用appreciate的名词形式appreciation。appreciation表“感激”时为不可数名词,故填appreciation。②考查时态、语态及主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,found与International Friendship Day是逻辑上的动宾关系,应用被动语态。再根据时间状语In 1919可知,这是发生在过去的事情,所以句子要用一般过去时,且主语为第三人称单数,故填was founded。③考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作后置定语,故填to celebrate。④考查时态。根据空前的时间状语By 1940及空后句中的动词短语died out可知,空处应用过去完成时,故填had dried。⑤考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰动词recognized,应用副词形式,故填officially。⑥考查介词。句意:2011年4月,联合国正式承认7月30日为“国际友谊日”,尽管大多数国家仍然在8月的第一个星期天庆祝它!在“具体的一天”前需要用介词on。⑦考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句且在从句中作地点状语,先行词为places,需用关系副词where来引导该从句,故填where。⑧考查非谓语动词。本句含有“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构,people与live之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词作宾补,故填living。⑨考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰名词time,作定语,需用形容词,故填wonderful。⑩考查冠词。the rise of…是固定搭配,意为“……的兴起”,故填the。6.答案： those; the; mother's; throwing; simply; which; largest; length; to have; is解析：①考查代词。分析句子可知,此处是将有袋类动物的幼崽与其他动物的幼崽做比较,故此处应该用代词those指代名词babies,表示“那些”,故填定冠词those。②考查冠词。由介词短语of a candy可知,此处表示特指,故填the。③考查名词所有格。根据语境和空前的定冠词以及空后的名词tail可知,此处应该用单数名词的所有格,修饰名词tail,故填mother's。④考查非谓语动词。prevent sb from doing sth为固定结构,意为“防止某人做某事”。介词后应该用动名词形式作宾语,故填throwing。⑤考查副词。空处修饰动词have应该用副词,故填simply。⑥考查定语从句。分析结构可知,逗号后面是一个非限制性定语从句,由空前的of可知,空处应填一个关系代词,且先行词300 species of marsupials指物,故填which。⑦考查形容词最高级。根据下文中的The smallest可知,此处应该用形容词的最高级,与后面句子形成对比,故填largest。⑧考查名词。介词 in的后面应该用名词形式作宾语,故填length。⑨考查非谓语动词。tend to do…为固定结构,意为“往往,倾向于做……”。⑩考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了有袋类动物,通篇用的是一般现在时,且本句的主语是one kind,所以谓语动词应用is。7.答案： programs; was performed; temporarily; in; reserving; faced; the; which; has presented; development解析：①考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知,介词短语from Chinese folk songs, classic literature and other Chinese components作定语,所以空处应填名词的复数形式,故填programs。②考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,空处作句子的谓语,与主语the concert之间是动宾关系,且文章描述的是过去发生的事情,故填 was performed。③考查副词。修饰谓语动词应用副词形式,故填temporarily。④考查介词。in charge为固定搭配,意为“负责,主管”,符合该处语境。故填in。⑤考查状语从句的省略。分析句子结构可知,while引导的是省略形式的状语从句,reserve与其逻辑主语our two countries之间是主谓关系,故填所给词的现在分词形式reserving。⑥考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,face与challenges之间是动宾关系,所以此处应用过去分词作后置定语,故填faced。⑦考查定冠词。序数词second 前应用定冠词,故填the。⑧考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导的是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词“Image China”指物,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填关系代词which。⑨考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语Since 2012可知,该句应用现在完成时,主语是“Image China”,故填has presented。⑩考查词性转换。由空前的the与空后的of可知,空处要填所给词的名词形式,故填development。8.答案： it; tasty; popularity; to plant; so/and; to; desired; where; are lit/lighted; have fitted解析：①考查固定句型。when it comes to…为固定用法,意为“当谈到……时”。故填it。②考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,空处在句中作表语,应用形容词。故填tasty。③考查名词。作介词due to的宾语,应用名词。故填popularity。④考查非谓语动词。“sth is+形容词+to do…”为固定结构,意为“做某事是……的”。故填to plant。⑤考查连词。句意:它们大多生来就在温暖的环境中,所以/而且在温暖的气候下生长得最好。根据句意,此处应用连词so表结果或and表顺承。⑥考查介词。adapt to意为“适应”,符合该处语境。故填to。⑦考查非谓语动词。在此要把所给词desire变为其非谓语动词形式,作定语修饰herbs,且其与所修饰词是动宾关系,所以应用过去分词形式。⑧考查定语从句。⑧_____ they can grow well是定语从句,修饰先行词your garden bed;关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,所以应用关系副词where。⑨考查时态、语态和主谓一致。your pots…natural sunlight从句作make sure的宾语,light在从句中为谓语动词,与从句主语your pots是动宾关系,故本句应用被动语态;主句为祈使句,从句应用一般现在时;从句中as well as符合“就远原则”,故be动词用are。故填are lit/lighted。⑩考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:如果你的房子里已经安装了供暖与空气调节设备,研究如何在使用空调的同时保持药草生长的方法。fit在此是谓语动词,与主语是主谓关系(强调“已经安装了”),由already可知应用现在完成时。故填have fitted。