高中英语2024届高考复习系动词知识讲解（概念+分类+用法+后接从句）

高考英语系动词知识讲解一、概念系动词（Linking verb），是用来辅助主语的动词。①本身有词义，不能单独做谓语，后面必须跟表语一起构成复合谓语②其后跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的性质、特征、品性或状态③系动词的功能主要是把表语和它的主语联系在一起​二、分类1）表示状态即状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词。be 的变化形式:①在现在时中，有am，is，are 三种形式，②在过去时中，am和is 变成 was，are 变成 were。③be的现在分词形式为 being；④过去分词形式为 been。He was busy.他当时很忙。The road is being under repair.路正在修。I have been very busy these day.这些天我一直很忙。2）感官动词即感官系动词，表示感觉主要有look,feel, smell, sound, taste, This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布摸起来很软。This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。3）表持续即持续系动词，表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度。主要有keep, remain, stay,lie, stand,He always keeps silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。This matter remains a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。The sunshine stays warm.The peace remains stable.和平仍然稳定4）表变化即变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样。主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go,come, run.【一般情况下，系动词没有进行时态， 但是这些表示变化类的系动词，是可以用进行时态的，例如:It was becoming cold,so we lit the fire.天气变冷了，所以我们点起了火.另外，某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become,grow,turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用，表示渐进过程，其意思是“越来越·……”】Our life is becoming better and better.The sky is becoming dark. 天越来越黑了The fruit is getting ripe.   水果快熟了She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。5）表看起来即表像系动词，表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, He looks tired.他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。6）表终止即终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove（证实）, turn out,(变成） The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）三、用法1.Be,表示主语的特征、状态和身份等，－He is a famous scientist.注意：主语不同，be的形式也不同，且有时态的变化。2.Seem (似乎，看起来，看上去），这个词是英语学习的重点，因为 seem 后面跟的花样比较多。－Damin seemed annoyed大明似乎生气了。(后跟形容词）Damin seemed to be annoyed大明似乎生气了。(后跟不定式)－It seemed that Damin was annoyed.大明似乎生气了。(It seems that 句型)－ It seems like a good idea.这看起来是个好主意。3.Become (变成)，表示“开始变得”，往往强调一个新状态的开始He became a teacher after college.(他大学毕业后成为了一名教师。)The caterpillar will become a butterfly.(毛毛虫会变成蝴蝶。)4.Look (看起来)You look tired today.(你今天看起来很累。)The cake looks delicious.(这个蛋糕看起来很好吃。)5.Smell (闻起来)The flowers smell wonderful.(这些花闻起来很香。)The garbage smells terrible.(垃圾闻起来很臭。)6.Taste (尝起来)This soup tastes salty.(这个汤尝起来有点咸。)The cake tastes sweet and delicious.(这个蛋糕尝起来又甜又好吃。)7.Feel (感觉)The water feels cold.(这水感觉很冷。)She feels happy about her new job.(她对新工作感到很高兴。)8.Sound (听起来)The music sounds beautiful.(这音乐听起来很美。)His voice sounds familiar.(他的声音听起来很熟悉。)9.Remain (保持)The situation remains unchanged.(情况保持不变。)She remained silent during the meeting.  (她在会议期间保持沉默。)10.Grow (变得)The flowers grew taller in the sunlight.(这些花在阳光下长得更高了。)He grew more confident after practicinghis speech.(他练习演讲后变得更自信了。)11.Get(变得)，形成某种状态，达到一个指明的状态；It s getting dark. 天色越来越暗。12.Go（变成）往往表示变成不好的状态She went mad.她疯了。The food is going bad.食物变质了。13.fall（变成，成为），进入另一种状态；He fell asleep.他睡着了。四、系动词后接从句① 系动词+as if/as though+表语从句。这些系动词有：look（看起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），feel（觉得）；appear（看起来，同look、seem），seem（似乎）。It looks as if we are going to have rain.看样子天要下雨了。He looked as if he had just stepped out ofmy book of fairy tales.他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。She seemed as if (though) she couldn’tunderstand why Li Lei was there.看来她好像不能理解为什么李磊呆在那儿。It sounds to me as though there’s a taprunning somewhere.我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。She felt as if her head were splitting.她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。The vallley appeared as if envelopedin heavy fog .山谷好像笼罩在烟雾之中。It seems as if it were summer already.好像已是夏天了。②“It+ seem\appear +that从句”It seemed that he had made some seriousmistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了严重错误。It appeared that he was talking to himself.好像他在自言自语。③be\ seem\ get\ look\ appear\ prove\ grow + 不定式to do （做表语）Her job is to look after the DisabledPerson.她的工作是照料残疾人。He seems not to look after the children.他似乎没有照顾孩子。She looks to be a young girl of twentyyear-old.她看起来像是一个20岁的年轻姑娘。He didn’t appear to dislike it.看不出他憎恨此事。His behavior proved to be wrong.他的行为证明是错误的。She will grow to like this work gradually.她会逐渐喜欢这个工作的。④ there be + 系动词， 有三种句型。第一种:"There+系动词be+主语"，第二种:"There+系动词seem/remain+主语，第三种:"There+vi.(live, stand, lie, exist,happen, appear, etc.)+主语。There remains a lot of doubt about it.仍然有很多疑问。There appeared to be only one room.那儿好像只有一个房间。There seems ( to be ) something wrongabout it.好像有点不大对头.There appears to be no alternative．似乎没有别的选择了。能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个：seem, appear.【例】① It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.= It seems that we can’t get our money back.②He seems not to be her father.=  He doesn’t seem to be her father.③The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.=  The baby appears not to be awake.