高中英语2025届高考语法复习过去分词的用法知识讲解

这是一份高中英语2025届高考语法复习过去分词的用法知识讲解，共7页。学案主要包含了作定语，作表语，过去分词作宾语补足语，过去分词作状语，过去分词独立主格结构，动词的过去分词作独立成分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
过去分词在句中可以作定语、表语、宾补、状语、独立主格结构及独立成分。
一、作定语
1）前置定语
A.单个的过去分词放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。
A watched pt never bils. 心急锅不开。
All the brken drs and windws have been repaired.
When we arrived, we each were given a printed questin paper.
B.单个过去分词前加一名词或副词用连字符连接起来构成一个复合形容词，作前置定语
This is a state-wned factry.
This is ur schl-run factry.
Air-cnditined rms有空调的房间 hand-made gds 手工操作泵
A well-dressed wman穿着讲究的女子
a cautiusly-wrded statement
措辞谨慎的声明
C.表示感觉的过去分词词用作定语：
The wrried lk deepened upn her face. 她脸上的愁容加重了。
Martin’s cnfused srrws turned t ptimism. 马丁烦乱的悲哀情绪转而变成了乐观情绪。
提示： 如要表示强调，单个过去分词也可作后置定语。
Mney spent is mre than mney earned. 入不敷出。
D.every/sme/any/n + thing/bdy/ne所构成的复合代词或指示代词thse等后
Is there anything unslved? There is nting changed here since I left this twn.
特殊的单一的过去分词作后置定语：
The designers decided t change the materials used.设计者决定改变所用的材料。
The man cncerned was her husband.
有关者是她的丈夫。
Hw much time is there left?
还剩下多少时间？
2)后置定语
作后置定语的过去分词一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。
We have read many nvels written by this authr. = that are written by this authr
Half f the hnured guests invited t the receptin were freign ambassadrs.
= wh had been invited t the receptin…
被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。
The meeting, attended by ne thusand students, was a success.
= which was attended by ne thusand students
A wman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and tk her seat as judge.
= wh was dressed like a lawyer
3)动词的-ed形式作定语和-ing形式作定语的区别
动词的-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成或和被动，而-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或和主动。
注意:
以下过去分词只有完成但没有被动的意思：
faded, fallen, gne, retired, returned, risen,
set,muchtraveled,newlyarrived, biled,
recently,cme,develped,changed,vanished
the risen sun升起的太阳
Vanished jewels消失了的珠宝
returned students 归国留学生
a dated map 过时的地图
biled water开水
biling water正沸腾的水
fallen leaves落叶
falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
develped cuntries
发展的国家
develping cuntries发展中国家
changed cnditin
改变了的情况
changing cnditin变化着的情况
4）由名词加-ed结尾的形容词，不是过去分词
Skilled wrkers 熟练工人
salaried class 工薪阶层
Gd-natured天性善良的
ne-sided片面的
Absend-minded心不在焉的
muddle-headed糊里糊涂的
5)作前置定语的过去分词（形容词）与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。
light lighted / lit drink drunken drunk
melt melted /melt sink sunken sunk
We lit the candle and the candle lit up the rm.
There is a lighted candle n the table.
6）三种不同时态的过去分词作定语：
the bridge t be built
将要建造的桥 （表示将来的动作）
the bridge being built
正在建造的桥 （表示正在进行的动作）
the bridge built
造好的桥 （表示完成的动作）
二、作表语
过去分词在连系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。
The students are fully prepared. 学生们已做好了充分的准备。
When we gt there, the shp was clsed. 我们到那儿时，商店已经关门了。
She felt satisfied with her perfrmance n the high-and-lw bars.
The land remained unexplited. 这片土地尚未开发。
Hearing the news, he lked disappinted.
The tp f the muntain is cvered with snw all thrugh the year.
区别：过去分词作表语和被动语态中的过去分词。
作表语的过去分词表示状态，被动语态中的过去分词表示被动动作。
All the drs are lcked. 所有的门都是锁着的。（过去分词作表语，表示状态）
All the drs were lcked by the guard. 所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。（被动语态，表示动作）
Peter the Great is buried here. 彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。（过去分词表语，表示状态
Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。（被动语态，表示动作）
已形容词化的去分词:
astnished,cmpleted,cvered,crwded, devted, discuraged,disappinted dne,
dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened,
gne, hurt, interested, killed, knwn,
learned, lst, pleased, satisfied, shut,
surprised, tired,brken, undressed, wrried, 等可以被very, t等副词修饰。但amused, puzzled, relaxed不能被very, t修饰只能被much修饰。
例如
These prblems are very puzzling. 这些问题很令人迷惑。
We are much puzzled by his failure t reply. 他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。
His speech was very mving. 他的演讲非常感人。
All the peple present were mved t tears.
She was annyed at yur saying that. 你这样讲她很不高兴。
I am afraid I’m slightly drunk. 。
I’m bliged t yu fr all yu’ve dne fr us. 我很感激你为我们所做的一切。
The cuple were devted t each ther. 这对夫妻十分恩爱。
注：有些带-ed结尾的词，并不是过去分词，而是由名词变化而来的形容词：
As an artist, she is quite gifted. 作为画家，她很有天赋。
三、过去分词作宾语补足语
1）在感觉动词see, hear, feel, ntice, watch, find后作宾语补足语。
I heard the Ninth Symphny played last night. We fund all the rivers seriusly plluted.
Yesterday I nticed a little girl caught stealing in the shp.
He felt his cllar pulled by smene frm behind.
Rarely had I seen him s wrked-up.
我很少见他这样激动过。
He felt a great weight taken ff his mind.他感到心头如释重负。
He acknwledged himself defeated.
他承认自己被打败了。
2）在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。
①动词的过去分词作get的宾语补足语。
Dris gt her bad tth pulled ut in the hspital. I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll cme.
比较：
动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。
I culdn’t get the car t start this mrning.
He gt his sister t help him with his clthes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。
It is nt hard t get him talking; the prblem is stpping him!
Can yu really get that ld clck ging again ?
②动词的过去分词作make的宾语补足语。
He raised his vice in rder t make himself heard.
Yu shuld make yur views knwn t the public.
注意：
动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带t的动词不定式或动词的过去分词，但不可用动词的-ing形式。
【误】Can yu make the students understanding the text
【正】Can yu make the students understand the text ?
【正】Can yu make the text understd by the students?
③动词的过去分词作keep或leave的宾补
They all went hme, leaving all the wrk undne.
The detective and his assistant kept themselves lcked in the rm all night.
Keep yur muth shut and yur eyes pen. （谚）少说多看。
3）某些动词后（如want, need, prefer, wuld like等），作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“t be”，就成了过去分词作宾语补足语。
I wuld like this matter (t be) settled immediately.
I'd prefer this bk translated by my sister. We need the wrk (t be) finished by Saturday.
The peasants dn't want gd farmland (t be) built n.
4）动词have后所接的宾语补语：
have smebdy/smething dne 宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，有两种情况：
①主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如：
He had his hair cut yesterday. Later n the center had a great many new trees planted.
②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：
He had his leg brken in the match last mnth.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。
He had ne eye lst in the war.
在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。
区别 :
have smebdy/smething d smething 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。
have smebdy /smething ding smething 分词动作由宾语发出，强调动作延续或进行。
I had the wrkers d the jb fr me. 我让工人们替我完成了工作。
Jim ften has his father help him with his hmewrk.
吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。
They had the tractr wrking all the time. 他们让拖拉机一直工作着。
We wn’t have the child talking t his mther like that. 我们不能让那孩子那样对他妈妈说话。
四、过去分词作状语
它的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语相一致。
1）多放在句首，也可放在后面或插在中间
Seen frm the hill,the city lks
magnificent.从山上看这座城市非常壮观。
A bit frightened,I handed it t her.
我略带惊恐地把它递给了她。
Greatly interested,I asked hw he played these wrks.
Given gd health,I hpe t finish the wrk this year.
She entered, accmpanied by her mther.
她由他母亲陪着走进来。
They came in,fllwed by their wives.
他们走了进来，妻子们跟随在后。
He sn felt asleep,exhausted by the jurney.由于旅途劳顿，他很快就睡着了。
Henry ,terribly embarrassed ,blushed t.
亨利十分尴尬，脸也红了。
Mr.cper, deeply mved ,thanked him again and again.库柏先生深为感动，一再向他表示感谢。
Brn and brught up in the cuntryside, he was interested in bilgy.
2）一个单独的过去分词也可用作状语：
Depressed,he went t see his elder sister.
情绪低沉时他就去看他的姐姐。
Frustrated,he went back t his hmetwn.他灰心丧气地回到了家乡。
“She’s right.”he said,pleased.
他高兴的说：“她是对的。”
He turned away ,disappinted.
他失望地走开了。
Shelley ,astnished ,urged her t explain.
雪莱很是吃惊，忙催她解释。
3)过去分词作状语的具体用法：
①表示时间 相当于一个时间状语从句。
Seen frm the twer, the city lks beautiful.
= When the city is seen frm the twer...
Shwn the lab, we were taken t see the library.
= After we had been shwn the lab...
Cmpletely examined by the dctrs, he went back t schl right away.
= After he was cmpletely examined...
② 表示原因 相当于一个原因状语从句。
Mved by the heric deeds, the children culdn't help crying.
= Since they were mved by the heric deeds ...
Written in haste, her letter is very hard t read.
=As it was written in haste ... 因为写得快，她的信很难阅读。
Excited by the new discvery, we decided t g ut and celebrate.
=Because we were excited by...
③ 表示条件 相当于一个条件状语从句。
Heated, water changes int steam.
= If water is heated...加热，水就能变成蒸汽。
Given mre time, he wuld be able t d better. = If he was given mre time ...假如多给一些时间，
Cmpared with ther prfessrs, she was an excellent speaker. 与其他教授相比，她是一个优秀的演说家。
④表示让步 相当于 thughal、thugh引导的让步状语从句。
Exhausted by the running, they went n running after the rbber.
= Althugh they were exhausted by the
running ...尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
Laughed at by many peple, he cntinued his research.
=Even if he was laughed by many peple ...
Questined many times a day, Andrew kept silent ver the murder.
提示：
有时过去分词作状语和动词的-ing形式的被动式作状语，并没有多大的区别，可以互换。
Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable t attend schl.
= Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable t attend schl.
Brught up in the cuntryside, he fund it hard t get used t twn life.
= Having been brught up in the cuntryside, he fund it hard t get used t twn life.
⑤表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明, 通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。
The teacher std there, surrunded by the students.
= and he was surrunded by the students
He went int the ffice, fllwed by sme children.
= and he was fllwed by sme children
They turned arund and std in the middle f the rm, cmpletely astnished.
She accepted the gift, deeply mved. 她接受了礼物，深深地感动了。
注意：动词的过去分词形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语。
【误】Invited t the state banquet is a great hnur.
【正】T be invited t the state banquet is a great hnur. 被邀请出席国宴是极大的荣耀。
【误】I cannt stand laughed at.
【正】I cannt stand being laughed at. 我不能容忍被人嘲笑。
注意：
有时为了强调过去分词作状语时可在分词前加以下连接词:
when, while, nce,if,unless,thugh,althugh, even if, even thugh, as if, whenever, than, as (像)
例如
When asked why she was late fr class again, she hung her head in shame.
When tld f the news, she gt very excited.
Seen frm the hill/ When seen frm the hill,ur twn lks beautiful.
Once recvered, he went all ut t d his wrk. 一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。
Once started, the clck will g half a mnth and keep gd time.
Given mre time/ If given mre time,we
culd have dne it better.
Unless invited,he will nt cme back t the cmpany.
Even if invited,I wn't g.
Thugh beaten by the ppsite team,they did nt lse heart.
Thugh surrunded, they didn’t give up.
I went n talking ,thugh cntinually interrupted by Gerge.。
He tarted as if awakened frm a dream.他吓了一跳，彷佛从梦中惊醒似的。
Whenever asked abut it,he culd hardly hld back his emtins.
五、过去分词独立主格结构
独立结构中的being或having been常可省去，
The meeting (being) ver, all left the rm. All things cnsidered, her paper is f great value than yurs.
The wrk (having been) finished, she sat
dwn t have a rest.
独立结构常可用with（withut）短语来代替，用作伴随状语, 过去分词作介词的宾语补足语。
With everything well arranged, he left the ffice. With all ur mney run ut, Henry had t find anther jb.
With all things cnsidered, the planned trip will have t be called ff.
He sat with his arms clasped rund his knees.他双手抱膝坐着。
He was lying n the grass, with his hands crssed under his head.
She read the letter with tears rlling dwn
her cheeks.
She has cme back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-bks.
All afternn he wrked with the dr lcked.
That year ended with nthing settled.
Withut any grain left in the huse, the little girl had t g begging.
Withut any mre time given, we culdn't finish the task in three weeks.
六、动词的过去分词作独立成分。
judged by，
taken as a whle，
granted (that),
given,
prvided(that)，
put frankly,
included被包括 ，
例如
Judged by rdinary standards,he was reliable.用普通标准来判断，他是可靠的。
Taken as a whle, there is nthing with the bk.总的来说，这本书没有问题。
Granted the exceptins,Tny agreed that all English wmen are haughty.
Given gd weather ,ur ship will reach Bmbay n Mnday evening.
Given the general state f his health, it may take him a while t recver frm the peratin.
Prvided that my expenses are paid, I will
g.要是我的费用有人代付，我就去。
Put frankly, I dn't agree with what he said. 坦白地说，我不同意他所说的。