人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement课后作业题

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement课后作业题，共8页。

1．The digital ecnmy is ________ (关键的) in tday's wrld.
2．Cultural exchange is ________ (极其重要的) fr the cuntries like China and Fiji t learn frm each ther fr cmmn develpment.
3．The children frm pr families were at a ________ (明显的) disadvantage.
4．The hspital has recently ________ (获得) new medical equipment, allwing mre patients t be treated.
5．The candidate waved his hands t ________ (感谢) the cheers f the crwd.
6．With her luggage in her hands, the girl std lking rund in all directins, but ________ (显然) n ne had cme t meet her.
7．His discvery is ne f the greatest ________ (科学的) achievements f the decade.
8．This bk teaches yu hw t ________ (分析)what is causing the stress in yur life.
9．As sn as the results f the vte were annunced, the President acknwledged ________ (失败).
10．I std in the kitchen, waiting fr the water t ________ (烧开).
维度2 单句语法填空
1．With a hpe f ________ (enter) Peking University, the by wrks hard day and night.
2．They insist n ________ (give) a chance t defeat the ther team.
3．It's difficult fr me t make a ________ (distinct) between the twins.
4．________ (defeat) by her partner again, the girl decided t find a new way.
5．It is vital that we ________ (make) gd use f each minute at schl.
6．He made a ________ (cmmit) t dnating $50，000 t the scientific research.
7．With the intentin f achieving his ________ (academy) gals, he ________ (cmmit) t his study ever since.
8．Upn ________ (graduate) frm the university, the cmmitted man tk up a psitin in the cmpany.
9．When the wheel gt ________ (stick) in the mud, he tried his best t push the cart ut with his shulder.
10．Winning the game is crucial ________ the team, fr the result will decide whether it can defend its title.
维度3 完成句子
1．在公园散步时， 她偶然遇到了汤姆。
When (she was) walking in the park, she ____________________．
2．一登上山顶， 我就有自豪感和成就感。
____________________________________________， I had a feeling f pride and a sense f achievement.
3．屠呦呦又试了一次， 希望能找到治愈疟疾的合适物质。
Tu Yuyu tried a secnd time ________________________ the prper material t cure malaria.
4．众所周知， 热爱生活是幸福的关键。
________________________________ lving yur life is the key t happiness.
5．笑被认为是表达情感的最简单的方式之一。
Laughter ________________________________________ t express feelings.
＝________________ laughter is ne f the easiest ways t express feelings.
维度4 课文语法填空
The Nbel Prize fr Physilgy r Medicine was awarded t Tu Yuyu, 1.________ research resulted in the discvery f artemisinin, a crucial new treatment fr malaria.
Tu Yuyu, a 2.________ (cmmit) and patient scientist, graduated frm Peking University Medical Schl at the age f 25. In 1967, the Chinese gvernment frmed a team f scientists 3.________ the bjective f discvering a new treatment fr malaria, and Tu Yuyu was amng the first researchers 4.________ (chse). Tw years later, she became the head f the prject in Beijing, and decided t review ancient Chinese medical texts t find 5.________ (traditin) btanical treatments fr the disease. One medical text frm 6.________ furth century suggested using the extract frm sweet wrmwd t treat a fever. Tu's team tested a cllectin f dried wrmwd leaves but fund n effect. Tu analysed the medical texts again, and fund ne sentence 7.________ (suggest) a different way t treat the wrmwd. She cncluded that biling the sweet wrmwd 8.________ (apparent) destryed its medical prperties. 9.________ (use) a lwer temperature t draw ut the extract, she fund a substance that wrked. This medicine, which 10.________ (call) artemisinin, sn became a standard treatment fr malaria.
eq \a\vs4\al(层级二) 主题阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
On the 70th anniversary f the funding f the Peple's Republic f China, Chinese scientist Tu Yuyu, the winner f the 2015 Nbel Prize fr the discvery f artemisinin, has been awarded China's Medal f the Republic. The medal is the cuntry's highest hnur fr utstanding figures that have made great cntributins t the cnstructin and the develpment f the P．R.C.
Tu Yuyu, brn in 1930, has becme the first Chinese wman t win a Nbel Prize, fr her wrk in helping t create an anti­malaria medicine. The 84­year­ld's rute t the hnur has been anything but traditinal. In China, she is being called the “three ns” winner：n medical degree, n dctrate, and she's never wrked verseas. In 1967, malaria, a then deadly disease, spread by msquites was decimating Chinese sldiers fighting Americans in the jungles f nrthern Vietnam. A secret research unit “Missin 523” was frmed t find a cure fr the illness. Tw years later, Tu Yuyu was instructed t becme the new head f “Missin 523”．
“Missin 523” read ancient bks carefully fr a lng time t find histrical methds f fighting malaria. When she started her search fr an anti­malaria drug, mre than 240，000 cmpunds (化合物) arund the wrld had already been tested, withut any success. Finally, the team fund a brief reference t ne substance, sweet wrmwd, which had been used t treat malaria in China arund 400 A．D. The team tk ut ne active cmpund in wrmwd, and then tested it. But nthing was effective until Tu Yuyu returned t the riginal ancient text. After anther careful reading, she changed the drug recipe ne final time, heating the cmpund withut allwing it t reach biling pint.
After the drug shwed prmising results in mice and mnkeys, Tu Yuyu vlunteered t be the first human recipient f the new drug. “In any case, Tu Yuyu is cnsistently praised fr her drive and passin”. One frmer clleague, Lianda Li, says Ms Tu is “unsciable and quite straightfrward”， adding that “if she disagrees with smething, she will say it. ”
Anther clleague, Fuming Lia, wh has wrked with Tu Yuyu fr mre than 40 years, describes her as a “tugh and stubbrn wman”. Stubbrn enugh t spend decades piecing tgether ancient texts, she applies them t mdern scientific practices. The result has saved millins f lives.
1．Accrding t Paragraph 2, we can learn that ________．
A．Tu is the first wman t win a Nbel Prize
B．Tu has a medical degree
C．Tu's rad t success is nt traditinal
D．Tu discvered a cure fr malaria
2．The underlined wrd “decimating” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by ________．
A．encuraging B．killing
C．annying D．benefiting
3．Which f the fllwing statements is true?
A．Tu first invented the idea f using sweet wrmwd as a cure.
B．Tu was inspired by medical textbks published in nrthern Vietnam.
C．The cmpund needs t be heated t the biling pint t be effective.
D．Over 240，000 cmpunds were prved ineffective befre Tu's search.
4．Tu Yuyu can be best described as a ________ persn.
A．devted and stubbrn
B．straightfrward and mean
C．cnsiderate and tugh
D．sciable and generus
B
Gffin's cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape­recgnitin abilities t a human tw­year­ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin's cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial­and­errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin's cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw­year­ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
5．Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A．By fllwing instructins.
B．By using a tl.
C．By turning the bx arund.
D．By remving the lid.
6．Which task can human ne­year­lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A．Using a key t unlck a dr.
B．Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C．Putting a ball int a rund hle.
D．Gruping tys f different shapes.
7．What des the fllw­up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A．Hw far they are able t see.
B．Hw they track mving bjects.
C．Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.
D．Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
8．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Cckats：Quick Errr Checkers
B．Cckats：Independent Learners
C．Cckats：Clever Signal­Readers
D．Cckats：Skilful Shape­Srters
C
Lise Meitner was brn in Vienna, Austria n Nvember 7th, 1878. She was the third child f eight children in the family. Her father Philipp, wh was a lawyer, hired persnal teachers t teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well. Music was imprtant t the family, and all the children learned t play the pian. The Meitner children were taught t listen t their parents, but t think fr themselves.
When Lise Meitner finished schl at the age f 14, she culd nt g t cllege fr higher educatin, as were all girls in Austria. But inspired by the discvery f Henri Becquerel, she was determined t study radiactivity (放射性).
When she turned 21, wmen were finally allwed int Austrian universities. Meitner was admitted int the University f Vienna; there she was excellent at math and physics and earned her dctr's degree in 1906. She wrte t Marie Curie, but there was n rm fr her in the Paris lab, s Meitner made her way t Berlin. There she wrked with Ott Hahn, but as an Austrian Jewish wman, she was excluded frm the main labs and allwed t wrk nly in the basement.
In 1912, the pair mved t a new university and Meitner had better lab equipment. Thugh Meitner was frced t escape Nazi Germany in 1938, they cntinued t c­wrk. Meitner cntinued her wrk in Sweden and later they fund the phenmenn “nuclear fissin”. The discvery, which finally led t the atmic bmb, wn Hahn the Nbel Prize in 1944. Meitner, ignred by the Nbel cmmittee (委员会), refused t return t Germany after the war and cntinued her atmic research in Stckhlm int her 80s.
9．What can we learn abut Lise Meitner's childhd?
A．She received a gd educatin.
B．She ften went against her parents.
C．She shwed a great talent fr music.
D．She lived a hard life with her family.
10．Why didn't Lise Meitner g t cllege after finishing high schl?
A．She wasn't interested in cllege.
B．Girls in her cuntry were nt allwed.
C．Her family culdn't affrd the schl fees.
D．She wanted t study radiactivity by herself.
11．What did Lise Meitner prbably realize when wrking in Berlin?
A．She was unfairly treated there.
B．She made the wrng cllege chice.
C．She shuld have kept her identity a secret.
D．She shuld find a better partner than Ott Hahn.
12．What was mst prbably Lise Meitner's attitude tward the Nbel cmmittee?
A．Indifferent. B．Unclear.
C．Angry. D．Supprtive.
Ⅱ.七选五
Reasns Why Yu Shuld G Hiking
Whether yu're lking t lse weight, reduce pressure, r clear yur head and get ut int nature, hiking is the best chice. If yu're lking fr sme mtivatin t get ff the sfa, cnsider these reasns t start hiking.
Hiking is healthy. Accrding t the American Hiking Sciety, hiking is gd fr yur health. __1__ Yu can lse weight, reduce heart disease and slw aging by it. It als ffers mental health benefits by reducing pressure and wrry.
__2__ As yu hike mre frequently, yu'll begin t develp additinal patience, skills and cmfrt alng the way. The beauty f hiking is that we can d it naturally and easily. It's easy t stick with hiking because the frustratin (挫败) level fr beginners is lw and yu can find the pace that wrks fr yu.
Hiking is cheap. __3__ Prepare gd shes，sme prper clthes, a cmfrtable pack, and yu're pretty much ready t g. Mst f yu have easy access t parks and natural areas, s yu dn't have t spend a lt f mney r time heading ut n a hike.
Hiking is real. We all spend t much time n cmputers at hme, writing under electric lights r watching TV indrs (ften yu're writing while watching TV). __4__
Hiking is a great way t intrduce kids t the wrld f the utdrs. __5__ S let yur kids hike tgether with yu and have a gd time.
A．Hiking is simple.
B．Hiking is lng and difficult.
C．Hiking ffers physical benefits by keeping yu active.
D．Cmpared t any ther sprt，the cst f hiking is lw.
E．It's als a sprt in which they'll be able t enjy their whle lives.
F．When yu are hiking，yu ften feel tired and want t stp at nce.
G．Hwever，hiking encurages yu t walk ut f yur huse and get clse t nature.
课时作业(一)
层级一 课时跟踪检测
维度1
1．crucial 2.vital 3.distinct 4.btained 5.acknwledge 6.apparently 7.scientific 8.analyse 9.defeat 10.bil
维度2
1．entering 2.being given 3.distinctin 4.Defeated
5．(shuld) make 6.cmmitment 7.academic; has been cmmitted 8.graduating 9.stuck 10.t
维度3
1．met Tm by chance
2．Upn/On reaching the tp f the muntain
3．with the aim f finding ut
4．It is widely acknwledged that
5．is thught t be ne f the easiest ways; It is thught that
维度4
1．whse 2.cmmitted 3.with 4.chsen 5.traditinal 6.the 7.suggesting 8.apparently 9.Using 10.was called
层级二 主题阅读训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了发现青蒿素的科学家屠呦呦以及她的事迹。
1．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The 84-year-ld's rute t the hnur has been anything but traditinal.” 可知， 这位84岁老者的荣誉之路一点也不传统。故从第二段我们可知， 屠呦呦的成功并不传统。
2．答案与解析：B 词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中“In 1967, malaria, a then deadly disease”可知， 疟疾是一种致命的疾病， 根据“A secret research unit ‘Missin 523’ was frmed t find a cure fr the illness.”可知， 一个秘密的小组被成立来寻找治愈这种疾病的方法。由此可知， 这种疾病正在杀死与美国人作战的中国士兵。故“decimating”意为“杀死”。
3．答案与解析：D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“When she started ” 可知， 当她开始寻找抗疟疾药物时， 全世界已经检测过24万多种化合物， 但都没有成功。由此可知， 在屠呦呦寻找之前， 超过24万种化合物被证明是无效的。
4．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Anther clleague, ...‘tugh and stubbrn wman’．”可知， 同事形容屠呦呦是一个顽固的人。根据文章倒数第二段中“After the ”可知， 在这种药物在老鼠和猴子身上显示出有希望的效果后， 屠呦呦自愿成为第一个接受这种新药的人。由此可知， 屠呦呦是一个有奉献精神的人。
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “keys” wuld let ut the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
7．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues, r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
8．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Gffin's cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
【语篇解读】 莉泽·迈特纳是一位奥地利女科学家，文章介绍了她对核物理学的贡献。
9．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Her father Philipp, wh was a lawyer, hired persnal teachers t teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well. Music was imprtant t the family, and all the children learned t play the pian.”可知，莉泽·迈特纳小时候接受了良好的教育。
10．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Lise Meitner finished schl at the age f 14, she culd nt g t cllege fr higher educatin, as were all girls in Austria.”以及第三段第一句可知，莉泽·迈特纳高中毕业后没能上大学是因为当时在奥地利女孩子不允许上大学。
11．答案与解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“ as an Austrian Jewish wman, she was excluded frm the main labs and allwed t wrk nly in the basement.”可知，由于身份的缘故，她被不公平地对待。
12．答案与解析：C 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Meitner, ignred by the Nbel cmmittee (委员会), refused t return t Germany after the war and cntinued her atmic research in Stckhlm int her 80s.”可推断，迈特纳对诺贝尔奖委员会对自己的忽视感到非常气愤。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了要徒步旅行的几个原因以及徒步旅行给我们带来的好处。
1．答案与解析：C 第二段首句“Hiking is healthy.”是此段主题句。根据下文的“It als ffers mental health benefits by reducing pressure and wrry.”中的als可知，此空说的是徒步给人带来的身体方面的好处。故C项(徒步旅行通过让你保持活跃，给你带来身体上的好处)符合题意。其中“physical benefits”和“mental health benefits”相对应。
2．答案与解析：A 观察文章结构可知，每一小段的首句为主题句，因此该空应为第三段的主题句。根据下文的“The beauty f hiking is that we can d it naturally and easily.It's easy t stick with hiking...”中的easily 和easy可知，该段是说“坚持徒步旅行很容易”。故选A项。
3．答案与解析：D 第四小段首句“Hiking is cheap.”是主题句。选项D意为：与任何其他运动相比，徒步旅行的费用是低的。“the cst f hiking is lw”和“cheap”同义。故选D项。
4．答案与解析：G 空前一句说的是：我们花太多时间在室内看电脑、看电视等，选项G意为：然而，徒步旅行鼓励你走出去，接近大自然。hwever表示转折关系，前后句意对比。故选G项。
5．答案与解析：E 此题线索是逻辑关系和代词指代。选项E意为：这也是一项运动，让他们能够享受全部的生活。句中als 表示递进关系，they是代词指代空前一句中的kids。故选E项。