上海高考英语完形填空专项训练

这是一份上海高考英语完形填空专项训练，共39页。

完形填空
How to Learn to Love to Practice
In interviews, famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to “do what you love.” But ____1____a skill, even one that you deeply love, calls for plenty of drills. Any challenging activity—from computer programming to playing a musical instrument to athletics—requires ____2____ practice. A perfect golf swing or flawless butterfly stroke (蝶泳) takes countless hours of practice and repetitions to perfect.
Anyone who wants to have a good command of a skill must go through the ____3____ of practice, critical feedback, modification, and increasing improvement again, again, and again. Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take ____4____ in their gradual improvement. Yet others find this kind of focused, time-intensive work to be ____5____ or boring. Why?
The ____6____ may depend on the ability to enter into a state of “flow,” the feeling of being completely involved in what you are doing. Flow states can happen in the course of any activity, which is at an appropriate skill level, and where the individual is able to ____7____ their performance to clear and immediate feedback.
Csikszentmihalyi, a famous psychologist, suggested that those who most ____8____ entered into flow states had an “autotelic personality”—a tendency to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow. While those without such a personality see difficulties, autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills and they have low levels of self-centeredness. Such people, with their ability to focus on tasks rather than rewards have a great ____9____ over others in developing their innate (天生的) abilities. But how can we get into a flow state for an activity so that we enjoy both the process of improving skills and the ____10____ of being a master?
____11____ for those of us who don’t necessarily possess an autotelic personality, there is evidence that flow states can be ____12____ by environmental factors. For instance, in Montessori schools, students do not study by following direct instruction.____13____, they are encouraged to develop and pursue individual interests. Competition is____14____ and grading is not emphasized. Students are grouped together according to shared interests, rather than segregated by ability.
While there isn’t yet a pill that can turn dull practice into an exciting activity for anyone, it is comforting that we seem to be able to advance into flow states. By giving ourselves unstructured, open-ended time, minimum distractions, and a task set at a moderate level of ____15____, we may be able to love what we’re doing while we put in the hard work practicing the things we love doing.
1．A．functioning B．stimulating C．enriching D．mastering
2．A．fixed B．concentrated C．paralleled D．instructed
3．A．transformation B．substitute C．cycle D．condition
4．A．pleasure B．pride C．interest D．part
5．A．frustrating B．rewarding C．ignorant D．poisonous
6．A．objection B．standard C．principle D．difference
7．A．adjust B．devote C．apply D．expose
8．A．deliberately B．readily C．hesitantly D．flexibly
9．A．feature B．control C．advantage D．sympathy
10．A．reward B．jealousy C．security D．contribution
11．A．Unexpectedly B．Fortunately C．Typically D．Obviously
12．A．influenced B．favored C．cultivated D．underestimated
13．A．Otherwise B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．Instead
14．A．advocated B．suspended C．discouraged D．observed
15．A．priority B．difficulty C．curiosity D．identity

As college students head back to school, the more sensible of them are wondering how they will pay for the privilege. There are some 21.5 million students in the United States this year, and many of them will be___16___their college careers on borrowed money. Given that there is at present more than $ 1.3 trillion in student loans on the books, it’s pretty clear that many college students are far from___17___.
The average student’s debt upon graduation now approaches $ 40,000, and as college becomes ever more common and expensive, calls to make it “free” seem to be increasing in great numbers. Even Hillary Clinton says that when it comes to college, “Costs won’t be a___18___.”
But the only way college could be free is if the faculty and staff___19___their time, the buildings required no maintenance, the campuses required no heating, cooling, or utilities of any kind, and every other expense simply___20___. As long as it is impossible to produce something from___21___, though, costs are absolutely a barrier. The actual question we debate, regardless of whether we___22___it, is who should pay for people to go to college. If students do not shoulder the cost, that cost will be ___23___to someone else. And this is where things get interesting. No one seems to___24___the idea of free college for everyone seriously, but the idea of student loan forgiveness (贷款免除) has somehow gained traction. In the end, though, it___25___the same thing: The American taxpayer will be left holding a very expensive bag. But if taxpayers are to bear the cost of student loan forgiveness, shouldn’t they have a say in how their money is used?
At a bare minimum (最小值), taxpayers should be able to decide what students will study on the public dime. If we are going to___26___taxpayers to foot the bill for college degrees, students should only study those subjects that are of greatest benefit to the taxpayers. ___27___, students making their own choices in this respect is___28___gave us the student loan problem in the first place. We simply do not need more poetry, gender studies, or sociology majors. Starbucks is fully stocked with baristas for the foreseeable future.
How do we know which subjects benefit society? Easy. Average starting salaries gives a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new workers to have. Certainly, there are benefits to a college major beyond the job a student can perform. But if we’re talking about the benefits to society—as___29___the benefits to the student—the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to produce for society. And the___30___of what the student can produce is reflected in the wage employers are willing to pay the student to produce it. Today’s wages tell us that we could use more computer engineers, nurses, and statisticians, and far fewer criminal justice majors, social workers, and elementary education majors.
16．A．experiencing B．pursuing C．funding D．covering
17．A．satisfactory B．sensible C．reasonable D．logical
18．A．barrier B．free C．priority D．addition
19．A．donated B．enjoyed C．treasured D．spent
20．A．increased B．multiplied C．disappeared D．decreased
21．A．poverty B．everything C．privilege D．nothing
22．A．aware B．admit C．acknowledge D．support
23．A．offered B．shifted C．granted D．applied
24．A．overlook B．believe C．ignore D．take
25．A．puts forth B．amounts to C．answers for D．combines with
26．A．force B．invite C．enable D．persuade
27．A．After all B．All in all C．In a word D．At best
28．A．what B．that C．anything D．who
29．A．in contrast with B．opposed to C．involved in D．comparison with
30．A．purpose B．reason C．value D．outcome

For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They’re documenting why teaching is such a(n) ____31____ way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.
Researchers have found that students who sign up to ____32____ others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately and ____33____ it more effectively. Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who’re learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still ____34____ themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids. Some studies have found that first-born children are more ____35____ than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this ____36____ to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who ____37____ instruct middle school students on the topic.
But the most cutting-edge tool under ____38____ is the “teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists ____39____ an animated figure called Betty’s Brain, who has been “taught” about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers are motivated to help Betty master certain materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and ____40____ their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own ____41____.
Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors’ learning. The agents’ questions compel student tutors to think and ____42____ the materials in different ways, and watching the agent solve problems allows them to see their ____43____ put into action.
Above all, it’s the emotions one experiences in teaching that ____44____ learning. Student tutors feel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these ____45____ pupils succeed as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment.
31．A．exciting B．magical C．fruitful D．instructive
32．A．study B．tutor C．read D．help
33．A．apply B．interpret C．master D．rewrite
34．A．doubting B．struggling C．instructing D．learning
35．A．diligent B．efficient C．lovable D．intelligent
36．A．system B．model C．innovation D．knowledge
37．A．in turn B．in return C．in reality D．in consequence
38．A．development B．progress C．discussion D．review
39．A．is creating B．have created C．will be creating D．have been created
40．A．materialize B．consider C．improve D．stimulate
41．A．creation B．perspective C．right D．thinking
42．A．spread B．deliver C．express D．explain
43．A．questions B．knowledge C．materials D．experience
44．A．encourage B．facilitate C．influence D．offer
45．A．innocent B．industrious C．virtual D．proud

No business would welcome being compared to Big Tobacco or gambling. Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games. For years parents have ____46____ that their children are “addicted” to their PlayStations and smartphones. Today, however, ever more doctors are using the term literally.
On January 1st “gaming disorder” — in which games are played ____47____, despite causing harm — gains recognition from the World Health Organization (WHO), as the newest edition of its diagnostic manual comes into force.
A few months ago, China, the world’s biggest gaming market, announced new rules ____48____ children to just a single hour of play a day on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, and none the rest of the week.
Western politicians worry publicly about some games’ similarity to gambling. Clinics are ____49____ around the world, promising to cure patients of their habit in the same way they might cure them of an addiction to alcohol or cocaine.
Are games really addictive? Psychologists are ____50____. The case for the defense is that this is just another moral panic. In the old days, some killjoys issued ____51____ warnings about television, rock ‘n’ roll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puzzles.
As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely enduring its own time in the stocks before it eventually ____52____ to be controversial (有争议的). ____53____, defenders argue, the criteria used to diagnose gaming addiction are too loose. Obsessive gaming, they suggest, is as likely to be a ____54____(of depression, say) as a disorder in its own right.
The prosecution (指控) retorts that, unlike rock bands or novelists, games developers have both the motive and the means to engineer their products to make them irresistible. The motive _____55_____ a business-model shift.
In the old days games were bought for a single-use cost. These days, many use a “freemium” model, in which the game is free and money is made from _____56_____ of in-game goods. That ties playtime directly to revenue.
Smartphones and modern platforms use their permanent internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers. That allows products to be _____57_____ and modified to boost spending.
While psychologists argue the finer points of what exactly counts as addiction, and whether gaming’s design tricks cross the line, the industry should recognize that, in the real world, it has a problem, and that problem is growing. Now that gaming addiction comes with an official WHO _____58_____, diagnoses will become more common.
Clinics are already reporting _____59_____ business, as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby. The regulatory climate for tech is getting _____60_____. And being associated in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling and tobacco will not do the industry any favors.
46．A．acknowledged B．confirmed C．complained D．sensed
47．A．willingly B．casually C．randomly D．compulsively
48．A．limiting B．exposing C．reducing D．subjecting
49．A．taking off B．springing up C．fading away D．turning around
50．A．hesitant B．authoritative C．split D．cautious
51．A．serious B．relevant C．bold D．similar
52．A．ceases B．continues C．attempts D．tends
53．A．Nevertheless B．Furthermore C．Vice versa D．Instead
54．A．diagnose B．treatment C．symptom D．definition
55．A．stems from B．results in C．evolves into D．amounts to
56．A．advertisements B．promotions C．deliveries D．purchases
57．A．widely-used B．repeatedly-recalled C．massively-funded D．fine-tuned
58．A．code B．qualification C．analysis D．shelter
59．A．frustrating B．flexible C．competitive D．booming
60．A．chillier B．more agreeable C．stricter D．more scientific

Never in recorded history has a language been as widely spoken as English is today. The reason why millions are learning it is simple; it is the language of international business and, ___61___, the key to financial success.
David Graddol, the author of English Next, says it is ___62___ to view the story of English simply as a success for its native speakers in North America, Britain, etc.— but that would be an easy mistake. Global English has entered a more complex stage, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control and might not ___63___.
An important question one might ask is: whose English will it be in the future? Non-native speakers now ___64___ native English speakers by three to one. The majority of encounters in English today take place between non-native speakers. According to Graddol, many business meetings held in English appear to run more smoothly when no native English speakers are ___65___, whose use of idioms, metaphors, phrasal verbs, etc. often cause ___66___ problems.
Professor Barbara Seidlhofer, Professor at the University of Vienna, records and transcribes spoken English interactions around the world. She has noticed that non-native speakers are ___67___ standard English grammar in several ways. Even the most experienced speakers sometimes omit the “s” in the third person singular. Many omit definite and indefinite articles where they are ___68___ in standard English, or put them in where standard English does not use them. Nouns that are not plural in native-speaker English are used as plurals by non-native speakers (e.g. “informations, knowledges, advices”).
Many native English speakers will insist that these are just ___69___. “Knowledges” and “phone to somebody” are simply wrong. Many non-native speakers who teach English around the world would ____70____. But language changes, and so do concepts of grammatical ____71____.
For now, those who insist on standard English grammar remain in a(n) ____72____ position. Academics who want their work published in international journals have to obey the grammatical rules followed by native English-speaking elites(精英).
But spoken English in another matter. Why should non-native speakers bother with what native speakers regard as correct? Their main aim, ____73____, is to be understood by one another, and in most cases there is no native speaker present.
Professor Seidlhofer says, “I think what we are looking at is the ____74____ of a new international attitude, the recognition and awareness that in many international contexts non-native speakers do not need to speak like native speakers, to compare themselves to them, and thus always feel ‘____75____ .’”
61．A．however B．therefore C．otherwise D．besides
62．A．relieving B．shocking C．tempting D．disappointing
63．A．like B．oppose C．mind D．doubt
64．A．outnumber B．overlook C．upgrade D．underestimate
65．A．attentive B．agreeable C．energetic D．present
66．A．fluency B．comprehension C．memory D．concentration
67．A．translating B．improving C．varying D．obeying
68．A．edited B．neglected C．avoided D．required
69．A．mistakes B．coincidences C．exceptions D．excuses
70．A．fear B．object C．agree D．fight
71．A．ignorance B．evolution C．correctness D．guidance
72．A．honoured B．mysterious C．falling D．powerful
73．A．by comparison B．after all C．on purpose D．in reality
74．A．disappearance B．emergence C．criticism D．evaluation
75．A．less good B．less lonely C．more alive D．more adapted

Arthur C Clarke (1917-2008) is a science-fiction writer. His fictional HAL 9000 computer in 2001: A Space Odyssey, which he co-wrote, ___76___ many of today’s fears about artificial intelligence. I have a copy of a long-forgotten 1987 book of him July20, 2019: Life in the 21st century. I did not plan on mentioning it until the 50th anniversary of the first moon landings, which its title reflects. But I am ___77___ my own word because re-reading it has given me new insight.
Till now, the book is ___78___ in almost every detail. Clarke suggests, for example, “amplifiers(放大器)” to make us more intelligent, but makes no ___79___ of the Internet, which was in development at the time and was ___80___ 15 years earlier by Joseph Licklider of MIT, when he was working at the US defence department.
Being wrong is just one problem I have with Clarke’s book. Like most future-gazing, it sees tomorrow ___81___ in terms of technology. He viewed technology as humanity’s saviour(救世主). Technology is marvellous, but it has had little or nothing to do with the best things about the world, and it will play a ___82___ role in casting out humanity’s worst things: poverty, ignorance and madness. What do I mean by the best things? The outlawing of racism; rights for disabled people; liberation for women; the rise of ___83___ but the fall of superstition(迷信); social security, animal rights and greater life expectancy.
I love what technology is doing for the developing world, where electric lighting, washing machines and the Internet have ___84___ progress. But even better for that world will be universal education, the elimination of corruption(腐败), the rule of law, and democracy. Technology will play its part, but it will not be ____85____.
Mare Demarest, an Oregon-based digital thinker and author, believes technology tells us truths regardless of our nasty tendency to get distracted, to miss the moment, and to ____86____ data to make it mean what we want it to mean. “Gathering data is mostly done to ____87____ the human lot one way or another. Making sense of data, ____88____, will remain a human activity,” he says. “We are better at ____89____ than any machine we will be able to make for a very long time to come.”
We’re not progressing humanity or changing the world. That’s what ideas do, and machines don’t have ideas. Technology is only the ____90____ of our desires. It isn’t the future; we are the future. It’s funny that even Clarke stopped short of predicting machines with imaginations.
76．A．experiences B．causes C．eliminates D．foresees
77．A．coining B．breaking C．emphasizing D．parroting
78．A．wrong B．technical C．readable D．informative
79．A．use B．sense C．mention D．doubt
80．A．launched B．predicted C．discovered D．inspected
81．A．entirely B．attentively C．seriously D．positively
82．A．constructive B．supervisory C．minor D．leading
83．A．economy B．industry C．reason D．reflection
84．A．achieved B．assessed C．traced D．aided
85．A．active B．essential C．revolutionary D．passive
86．A．bend B．store C．download D．transfer
87．A．create B．educate C．understand D．improve
88．A．besides B．however C．therefore D．otherwise
89．A．multitask B．identification C．judgment D．flexibility
90．A．agent B．spokesperson C．signboard D．illustration

One spring morning many yeas ago, I had been prospecting for gold along Coho Creek on southeastern Alaska’s Kupreanof Island, and as I emerged from a forest of spruce and hemlock, I ___91___ in my tracks. No more than 20 paces away in the bog was a huge Alaskan timber wolf caught in one of Trapper George’s traps.
Old George had died the previous week of a heart attack, so the wolf was lucky I had happened along. Confused and frightened at my ___92___, the wolf backed away, straining at the trap chain. Then I noticed something else: It was a female, and her teats were full of milk. Somewhere there was a den of ___93___ pups waiting for their mother.
From her appearance, I guessed that she had been trapped only a few days. That meant her pups were probably still alive, surely no more than a few miles away. But I suspected that if I tried to release the wolf, she would turn ___94___ and try to tear me to pieces.
So I decided to search for her pups instead and began to look for incoming tracks that might lead me to her den. Fortunately, there were still a few remaining patches of snow.
I finally spotted the den at the base of an enormous spruce. A few moments later, four tiny pups appeared. They couldn’t have been more than a few weeks old. I extended my hands, and they tentatively suckled at my fingers. Perhaps hunger had helped ___95___ their natural fear. Then, one by one, I placed them in a burlap bag and headed back down the slope.
When the mother wolf spotted me, she stood erect. Possibly ___96___ the scent of her young, she let out a high-pitched, plaintive whine. I released the pups, and they raced to her. Within seconds, they were slurping at her belly.
She needs nourishment, I thought. I have to find her something to eat. I hiked toward Coho Creek and spotted the leg of a dead deer sticking out of a snowbank. I cut off a hindquarter, then re-turned the remains to nature’s ice-box. Toting the venison haunch back to the wolf, I whispered in a soothing tone, “OK, Mother, your dinner is served. But only if you stop growling at me. C’mon, now. Easy.” I tossed chunks of venison in her direction. She sniffed them, then gobbled them up.
Cutting hemlock boughs, I fashioned a rough shelter for ___97___ and was soon asleep nearby. At dawn, I was awakened by four fluffy bundles of fur sniffing at my face and hands. I ___98___ toward the agitated mother wolf. If I could only win her confidence, I thought. It was her only hope.
Over the next few days, I divided my time between prospecting and trying to win the wolf’s trust. I talked gently with her, threw her more venison, and played with the pups. Little by little, I kept ___99___ closer — though I was careful to remain beyond the ____100____ of her chain. The big animal never took her dark eyes off me. “Come on, Mother,” I pleaded. “You want to go back to your friends on the mountain. Relax.”
At dusk on the fifth day, I ____101____ her daily fare of venison. “Here’s dinner,” I said softly as I approached. “C’mon, girl. Nothing to be afraid of.” Suddenly, the pups came bounding to me. At least I had their trust. But I was beginning to lose hope of ever winning over the mother. Then I thought I saw a slight wagging of her tail. I moved within the length of her chain. She remained motionless. My heart in my mouth, I sat down eight feet from her. One snap of her huge jaws and she could break my arm ... or my neck. I wrapped my blanket around myself and slowly ____102____ the cold ground. It was a long time before I fell asleep.
I awoke at dawn, stirred by the sound of the pups nursing. Gently, I leaned over and petted them. The mother wolf stiffened. ”Good morning, friends,“ I said tentatively. Then I slowly placed my hand on the wolf’s injured leg. She flinched but made no threatening move. This can’t be ____103____, I thought. Yet it was.
I could see that the trap’s steel jaws had imprisoned only two toes. They were swollen and lacerated, but she wouldn’t lose the paw — if I could ____104____ her.
“OK,” I said. “Just a little longer and we’ll have you out of there.” I applied pressure, the trap sprang open, and the wolf pulled free.
Whimpering, she loped about, favoring the injured paw. My experience in the wild suggested that the wolf would now gather her pups and vanish into the woods. But cautiously, she crept toward me. The pups nipped playfully at their mother as she stopped at my elbow. Slowly, she sniffed my hands and arms. Then the wolf began licking my fingers. I was ____105____. This went against everything I’d ever heard about timber wolves. Yet, strangely, it all seemed so natural.
After a while, with her pups scurrying around her, the mother wolf was ready to leave and began to limp off toward the forest. Then she turned back to me.
“You want me to come with you, girl?” I asked. Curious, I packed my gear and set off.
Following Coho Creek for a few miles, we ascended Kupreanof Mountain until we reached an al-pine meadow. There, lurking in the forested perimeter, was a wolf pack. I counted nine adults and, judging by their playful antics, four nearly full-grown pups. After a few minutes of greeting, the pack broke into howling. It was an eerie sound, ranging from low wails to high-pitched yodeling.
It was time to leave the wolf to her pack. She watched as I assembled my gear and started walking across the meadow.
Reaching the far side, I looked back. The mother and her pups were sitting where I had left them, watching me. I don’t know why, but I waved. At the same time, the mother wolf ____106____ a long, mournful howl into the crisp air.
Four years later, after ____107____ in World War II, I returned to Coho Creek. It was the fall of 1945. After the horrors of the war, it was good to be back among the soaring spruce and breathing the familiar, bracing air of the Alaskan bush. Then I saw, hanging in the read cedar where I had placed it four years before, the now-rusted steel trap that had ensnared the mother wolf. The ____108____ of it gave me a strange feeling, and something made me climb Kupreanof Mountain to the meadow where I had last seen her. There, standing on a lofty ledge, I gave out a long, low wolf call.
An echo came back across the distance. Again I called. And again the echo reverberated, this time followed by a wolf call from a ridge about a half-mile away.
Then, far off, I saw a dark shape moving slowly in my direction. As it crossed the meadow, I could see it was a timber wolf. A chill spread through my whole body. I knew at once that ____109____ shape, even after four years. “Hello, old girl,” I called gently. The wolf edged closer, ears erect, body tense, and stopped a few yards off, her bushy tail wagging slightly.
Moments later, the wolf was gone. I left Kupreanof Island a short time after that, and I never saw the animal again. But the memory she left with me -— vivid, haunting, a little eerie — will always be there, a reminder that there are things in nature that exist ____110____ the laws and understanding of man.
91．A．passed B．froze C．stood D．paused
92．A．approach B．arrival C．movement D．sight
93．A．little B．hungry C．young D．lovely
94．A．horrible B．aggressive C．violent D．invasive
95．A．overcome B．remove C．fight D．stop
96．A．turning to B．looking back C．picking up D．tracking down
97．A．it B．them C．all D．myself
98．A．moved B．turned C．glanced D．gazed
99．A．running B．walking C．edging D．pacing
100．A．range B．length C．circle D．route
101．A．delivered B．transported C．prepared D．collected
102．A．stood by B．settled onto C．passed over D．fled away
103．A．lingering B．happening C．inviting D．emerging
104．A．free B．calm C．transfer D．comfort
105．A．terrified B．astonished C．overwhelmed D．satisfied
106．A．gave B．screamed C．sent D．made
107．A．experiencing B．defending C．contributing D．serving
108．A．look B．recall C．sight D．memory
109．A．huge B．strong C．familiar D．tough
110．A．under B．concerning C．over D．outside

I imagine a young man, a senior in high school. His academic performance is good enough. However, just as his parents are about to send the ___111___ check to a college where he has been accepted, the young man admits that he doesn’t want to go to college. He wants to work, to earn a living, to be out on his own.
Children have to build their own lives. But parents don’t want them to commit errors that will make it harder to build those lives. How should children and their parents think about this ___112___?
College is often discussed as a(n) ___113___ in the future: You pay up front so you can benefit abundantly for the rest of your life. The financial benefits of a college education over the past decades indeed look great. However, past performance won’t necessarily ensure future returns. To make the plots more ___114___, from 1989 to 2016, college tuition went up by 98 percent. This has led to a lot of student-loan debt.
It may be worth the cost for some kids who want to go into a field that requires a college degree, but others don’t know what they want to do after college, so for them college is like buying an expensive ___115___ for future employment. Still, it’s worth noting that in 2019, just 66 percent of college graduates were in jobs requiring a college degree. What’s more, as of 2010, only 27 percent were in jobs related to their college major.
Perhaps you don’t primarily use ___116___ analysis to make decision about your life or your child’s. But everyone wants to be happy, and wants their child to be happy as well. So let’s look at the ___117___ effects of college.
Some scholars have found that, when controlling for other factors in life such as income and religious faith, education by itself has no independent explanatory ___118___ over happiness. Some actually believe that education is negatively linked to happiness, and hypothesize that some college attendees exchange life satisfaction for their academic ___119___. And there’s all that student debt to consider. According to a Gallup study, student debt is negatively correlated with financial and physical health and sense of purpose, and is ___120___ low well-being on these dimensions for as long as 25 years after graduation.
___121___, the only thing we can say with assurance is, “It depends.” On what? On the unique ___122___ of each person. A child’s gifts, circumstances, and career ambitions all affect whether college is the right choice. Most of all, it depends on what they want to do. As a longtime academic, I can assure you that the No. 1 ___123___ of a failure to thrive in college is not wanting to be there in the first place.
That may be obvious to would-be students, but to many of their parents it isn’t. The college decision is often as much about the parents as it is about their kids. It’s easy to ___124___ our own desires onto our kids -- to try to see our own potential come alive through them.
But it’s a mistake. No one is a start-up enterprise, and there is not just one path to success. The college-for-all fever that has overtaken much of our culture ___125___ gifts that our kids have to develop and share. In fact, building their life with integrity and grit is what all parents could ever ask.
111．A．security B．deposit C．information D．routine
112．A．dilemma B．landscape C．consequence D．disappointment
113．A．shelter B．investment C．prospect D．victory
114．A．evident B．compelling C．complicated D．realistic
115．A．insurance B．scam C．maintenance D．lesson
116．A．trial-error B．question-answer C．cost-benefit D．pros-cons
117．A．health B．society C．happiness D．education
118．A．concern B．power C．favor D．advantage
119．A．prejudice B．panic C．ambition D．unemployment
120．A．applied to B．blamed on C．informed of D．associated with
121．A．However B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．Furthermore
122．A．fates B．decisions C．attributes D．inputs
123．A．qualification B．coverage C．witness D．predictor
124．A．project B．owe C．adjust D．prefer
125．A．highlights B．justifies C．ignores D．visualizes

Bruno went into the kitchen and got the biggest surprise of his life. He could barely believe his eyes. “Shmuel!” he said. “What are you doing here in my kitchen?”
Shmuel looked up and his terrified face ___126___ a broad smile when he saw his friend standing there. “Bruno!” he said. “They asked me to polish the glasses. They said they needed someone with tiny ___127___.”
He held his hand out and Bruno noticed it was like the hand of the pretend skeleton. In reply, Bruno held his own hand out so that the tips of their middle fingers were almost touching. Bruno’s hand appeared ___128___ and full of life. The veins weren’t visible through the skin, the fingers weren’t little more than dying twigs. Shmuel’s hand, however, told a very ___129___ story.
“Shmuel! Here!” said Bruno, stepping forward and putting some slices of chicken in his friend’s hand. “Just eat them.” The boy stared at the food in his hand for a moment and looked up at Bruno with ___130___ but terrified eyes. He threw a ___131___ in the direction of the door and then thrust all the slices into his mouth ___132___ and gobbled them down in twenty seconds. “Thank you, Bruno.” said Shmuel, giving a faint smile.
Bruno smiled back and was about to offer him more food, but just at that moment Lieutenant Kotler reappeared. Bruno stared at him, feeling the ___133___ grow heavy, sensing Shmuel’s shoulders sinking down.
___134___ Bruno, Lieutenant Kotler marched over to Shmuel and glared at him. Shmuel looked up at Lieutenant Kotler, who frowned, ___135___ forward slightly and tilting his head as he examined the boy’s face. “You have been eating,” said Lieutenant Kotler. “Did you steal something from that fridge?” Shmuel looked toward Bruno, his eyes ___136___ for help.
“Answer me!” shouted Lieutenant Kotler.
“No, sir. He gave it to me,” said Shmuel, tears welling up in his eyes as he threw a sideways glance at Bruno. “He’s my friend,” he added.
“Do you know this boy, Bruno?” he asked in a loud voice.
Bruno’s mouth ___137___ open and he tried to remember the way you used your mouth if you wanted to say the word “yes”. He’d never seen anyone look so terrified as Shmuel did at that moment and he wanted to say the right thing to make things better, but then he realized that he couldn’t because he was feeling just as ___138___ himself.
“Tell me, Bruno!” shouted Kotler, his face growing red. “I won’t ask you a third time.”
“I’ve never seen him before in my life.” said Bruno immediately, “I don’t know him.”
Hearing that, Shmuel wasn’t crying any more, merely staring at the floor and looking as if he was trying to ___139___ his soul not to live inside tiny body any more, but to ___140___ away and sail to the door and rise up into the sky, gliding through the clouds until it was far away.
126．A．burst out B．broke into C．look forward D．turned around
127．A．ears B．bodies C．figures D．fingers
128．A．healthy B．slim C．bony D．clumsy
129．A．adventurous B．crazy C．exploratory D．different
130．A．vacant B．intense C．grateful D．pathetic
131．A．slice B．glance C．shadow D．peek
132．A．by and by B．one after another C．in one go D．at one time
133．A．atmosphere B．environment C．compulsion D．schedule
134．A．Conquering B．Abusing C．Neglecting D．Ignoring
135．A．looking B．leaning C．applauding D．falling
136．A．calling B．agonizing C．pleading D．searching
137．A．dropped B．swung C．lay D．snapped
138．A．furious B．scary C．horrifying D．terrified
139．A．bind B．convince C．sympathize D．rescue
140．A．slip B．wash C．smooth D．escape













参考答案：

1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．A 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心流状态的特点和容易进入心流状态的人的特点，以及有证据表明环境因素可以培养心流状态。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但掌握一项技能，即使是你深爱的技能，也需要大量的练习。A. functioning运转；B. stimulating刺激；C. enriching使丰富；D. mastering掌握。分析句意再根据空格后的a skill可知，此处用mstering作主语，表示“掌握”一项技能，符合语境。故选D项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：任何具有挑战性的活动——从计算机编程到演奏乐器再到运动——都需要集中精力练习。A. fixed固定的；B. concentrated全神贯注的；C. paralleled平行的；D. instructed受教育的。根据下文“A perfect golf swing or flawless butterfly stroke (蝶泳) takes countless hours of practice and repetitions to perfect.(一个完美的高尔夫挥杆或完美的蝶泳需要无数小时的练习和重复来完美。)”可知，此处用concentrated表示“全神贯注的”练习，与下文呼应，符合语境。故选B项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：任何想要掌握一项技能的人都必须经历练习、批判性反馈、修改和不断提高的循环，一遍又一遍。A. transformation转变；B. substitute替代物；C. cycle循环；D. condition条件。根据下文的again, again, and again可知，此处用cycle表示一遍又一遍的“循环”符合语境。故选C项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人似乎能够多年专注于练习一项活动，并为自己的逐渐进步感到高兴。A. pleasure快乐；B. pride自豪；C. interest兴趣；D. part部分。分析句意再根据下文的gradual improvement可知，此处用pleasure表示对逐渐进步感到“高兴”符合语境。故选A项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但也有人觉得这种集中精力、耗费时间的工作令人沮丧或无聊。A. frustrating令人沮丧的；B. rewarding值得的；C. ignorant无知的；D. poisonous有毒的。分析句意再根据空格后的or boring可知，此处用frustrating和boring相呼应，表示“令人沮丧的”符合语境。故选A项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种差异可能取决于进入“心流”状态的能力，即完全投入到所做事情中的感觉。A. objection反对；B. standard标准；C. principle原则；D. difference差异。根据下文“may depend on the ability to enter into a state of “flow,”(可能取决于进入“心流”状态的能力)”可知，此处用difference表示“差异”取决于这种能力，符合语境。故选D项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：心流状态可以发生在任何活动的过程中，这是在适当的技能水平上，并且个体能够调整自己的表现以获得清晰和即时的反馈。A. adjust调整；B. devote献身；C. apply申请；D. expose暴露。分析句意再根据下文的to可知，此处用固定短语adjust to表示“调整以适应”符合语境。故选A项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：著名心理学家Csikszentmihalyi认为，那些最容易进入心流状态的人有一种“自我人格”，即寻求挑战并进入心流状态的倾向。A. deliberately故意地；B. readily容易地、乐意地；C. hesitantly犹豫地；D. flexibly灵活地。根据下文“had an “autotelic personality”—a tendency to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow.(有“自我人格”——倾向于寻求挑战并进入心流状态。)”可知，此处用readily表示“容易”进入心流状态的人具有这种“自我人格”，符合语境。故选B项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这样的人，他们专注于任务而不是奖励的能力，在发展他们的先天能力方面比其他人有很大的优势。A. feature特点；B. control控制；C. advantage优势；D. sympathy同情。分析句意再根据空格后的over可知，此处用advantage表示比发展他们的先天能力方面更有“优势”，符合语境。故选C项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我们如何才能在一项活动中进入心流状态，从而既享受提高技能的过程，又享受成为大师的奖励呢?A. reward奖励、回报；B. jealousy嫉妒；C. security安全；D. contribution贡献。分析句意再根据空格后的being a master可知，成为大师本身就应该是一种奖励，所以此处用reward表示“奖励”符合语境。故选A项。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，对于我们这些不一定拥有自主人格的人来说，有证据表明心流状态可以由环境因素培养。A. Unexpectedly 出乎意料地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Typically典型地；D. Obviously明显地。根据下文“for those of us who don’t necessarily possess an autotelic personality, there is evidence that flow states can be 　 by environmental factors.(对于我们这些不一定拥有自主人格的人来说，有证据表明心流状态可以由环境因素……)”可知，这种情况对于我们不一定拥有自主人格的人来说是幸运的，所以此处用Fortunately表示“幸运地”符合语境。故选B项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. influenced影响；B. favored偏爱；C. cultivated培养；D. underestimated低估。根据下文“they are encouraged to develop and pursue individual interests(鼓励他们发展和追求个人兴趣)”可知，心流状态是可以通过环境因素被培养的，所以此处用cultivated与后面的by搭配，表示可以被“培养”符合语境。故选C项。
13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们被鼓励发展和追求个人兴趣。A. Otherwise否则；B. Therefore因此；C. Furthermore此外、而且；D. Instead代替、反而。根据上文“students do not study by following direct instruction(学生不是按照直接的指导学习的)”和下文“they are encouraged to develop and pursue individual interests(鼓励他们发展和追求个人兴趣)”可知，此处上下文之间是相反关系，所以用Instead表示“相反”符合语境。故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：学校不鼓励竞争，不强调评分。A. advocated提倡；B. suspended暂停；C. discouraged不鼓励、使泄气；D. observed观察。根据下文“grading is not emphasized(不强调评分)”可知，此处用discouraged表示竞争是“不被鼓励的”符合语境。故选C项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过给自己自由安排的、开放的时间、最少的干扰和中等难度的任务设置，我们可能会在努力练习我们喜欢做的事情的同时爱上我们正在做的事情。A. priority优先权；B. difficulty困难；C. curiosity好奇心；D. identity身份。根据上文“By giving ourselves unstructured, open-ended time, minimum distractions,(通过给自己自由的、开放的时间，减少干扰，)”可知，此处用moderate level of difficulty表示设置“中等难度”任务，与上文呼应，符合语境。故选B项。

16．C 17．B 18．A 19．A 20．C 21．D 22．B 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．A 27．A 28．A 29．B 30．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了今年美国大约有2150万名学生，他们中的许多人将靠借钱来支付他们的大学生涯。考虑到目前账面上的学生贷款超过1.3万亿美元，很明显，许多大学生远远不够明智。现在，学生毕业时的平均债务接近4万美元，而随着大学变得越来越普遍和昂贵，要求“免费”的呼声似乎越来越多。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年美国大约有2150万名学生，他们中的许多人将靠借钱来支付他们的大学生涯。A. experiencing经历；B. pursuing追求；C. funding提供资金，资助；D. covering覆盖。根据后文“their college careers on borrowed money”指靠借钱来为他们的大学生涯提供资金，fund符合语境。故选C。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到目前账面上的学生贷款超过1.3万亿美元，很明显，许多大学生远远不够明智。A. satisfactory令人满意的；B. sensible理智的；C. reasonable合理的；D. logical逻辑的。根据上文“Given that there is at present more than $ 1.3 trillion in student loans on the books, it’s pretty clear that many college students are far from”可知，学生贷款超过1.3万亿美元，负担过重，所以是不理智的。故选B。
18．考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：就连希拉里·克林顿也说，在上大学的问题上，“费用不会成为障碍。”A. barrier障碍；B. free自由的；C. priority优先事项；D. addition增加。呼应后文“costs are absolutely a barrier.”指希拉里说费用不是障碍。故选A。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，唯一能让大学免费的方法是，教师和教职员工贡献出他们的时间，建筑不需要维护，校园不需要取暖、制冷或任何形式的公用设施，所有其他费用都完全消失。A. donated捐赠，贡献出；B. enjoyed欣赏；C. treasured珍藏；D. spent花费。根据宾语their time可知此处指教师和教职员工贡献出他们的时间，故选A。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，唯一能让大学免费的方法是，教师和教职员工贡献出他们的时间，建筑不需要维护，校园不需要取暖、制冷或任何形式的公用设施，所有其他费用都完全消失。A. increased增强；B. multiplied增加；C. disappeared消失；D. decreased减少。根据上文“the buildings required no maintenance, the campuses required no heating, cooling, or utilities of any kind, and every other expense simply”可知，建筑不需要维护，校园不需要取暖、制冷或任何形式的公用设施，以及所有其他费用都完全消失。故选C。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，只要不可能从无到有地生产出一些东西，成本绝对是一个障碍。A. poverty贫穷；B. everything一切；C. privilege特权；D. nothing没有什么。根据上文“it is impossible to produce something from”以及上文提到的建筑不需要维护，校园不需要取暖、制冷或任何形式的公用设施，所以只要不可能从无到有地生产出一些东西，成本绝对是一个障碍。故选D。
22．考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：不管我们是否承认，我们真正争论的问题是谁应该为人们上大学买单。A. aware意识到；B. admit承认；C. acknowledge承认；D. support支持。根据后文“who should pay for people to go to college”可知，我们真正争论的问题是谁应该为人们上大学买单，这是不得不承认的事情，故选B。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果学生不承担这个费用，这个费用就会转移到其他人身上。A. offered提供；B. shifted转移；C. granted承认；D. applied应用。根据上文“If students do not shoulder the cost, that cost will be”可知，如果学生不承担这个费用，这个费用就会转移到其他人身上。故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：似乎没有人把人人免费上大学的想法当回事，但减免学生贷款的想法却莫名其妙地获得了支持。A. overlook忽视；B. believe相信；C. ignore忽视；D. take带走。根据后文“the idea of free college for everyone seriously”指认真看待人人免费上大学这个想法，短语take sth. seriously表示“认真看待”。故选D。
25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，最终的结果都是一样的：美国纳税人将背上一个非常昂贵的包袱。A. puts forth提出；B. amounts to总计为，结果；C. answers for负责；D. combines with结合。根据后文“the same thing: The American taxpayer will be left holding a very expensive bag”可知，上述事情的结果最终只会是美国纳税人将背上一个非常昂贵的包袱。故选B。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要强迫纳税人为大学学位买单，学生就应该只学习那些对纳税人最有好处的学科。A. force迫使；B. invite邀请；C. enable使能够；D. persuade说服。根据后文“taxpayers to foot the bill for college degrees, students should only study those subjects that are of greatest benefit to the taxpayers”可知，提到学生就应该只学习那些对纳税人最有好处的学科，条件是我们要强迫纳税人为大学学位买单，故选A。
27．考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，学生在这方面的自主选择是导致学生贷款问题的首要原因。A. After all毕竟；B. All in all总之；C. In a word总之；D. At best最多。上文提到，如果我们要强迫纳税人为大学学位买单，学生就应该只学习那些对纳税人最有好处的学科。因为毕竟学生在这方面的自主选择是导致学生贷款问题的首要原因。故选A。
28．考查连词和代词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，学生在这方面的自主选择是导致学生贷款问题的首要原因。A. what什么；B. that（无意义，只起连接作用）；C. anything任何事；D. who谁。引导表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物应用what。故选A。
29．考查固定短语辨析。句意：但如果我们谈论的是对社会的好处——而不是对学生的好处——那么唯一重要的是这个专业能让学生为社会创造什么。A. in contrast with形成对比；B. opposed to反对，相对；C. involved in涉及；D. comparison with相比。根据上文“we’re talking about the benefits to society”可知，要谈论对社会的好处，那么对应的就不是学生的好处，be opposed to表示“与……相对”，此处过去分词作状语。故选B。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：学生所能创造的价值反映在雇主愿意支付给学生的工资上。A. purpose目的；B. reason理由；C. value价值；D. outcome结果。根据后文“of what the student can produce is reflected in the wage employers are willing to pay the student to produce it”可知，雇主所支付的工资是学生所能创造价值的体现。故选C。

31．C 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．D 36．B 37．A 38．A 39．B 40．C 41．D 42．D 43．B 44．B 45．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员发现，那些愿意为他人提供辅导的学生在理解材料方面更加努力，记忆更准确，应用也更有效。于是开发了一种“可教代理”——一种计算机化的角色，它可以像现实世界的学生一样学习、尝试、犯错误并提出问题。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们正在记录为什么教学是一种如此富有成效的学习方式，并设计创新的方式让年轻人参与教学。A. exciting令人兴奋的；B. magical魔法的；C. fruitful富有成效的；D. instructive有教益的。根据第一段中“For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else. “While we teach, we learn,” said Roman philosopher Seneca.(几千年来，人们都知道理解一个概念的最好方法是向别人解释它。罗马哲学家塞内加说过：“我们一边教，一边学习”)”可知，教学是一种非常富有成效的学习方式，故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，那些愿意为他人提供辅导的学生在理解材料方面更加努力，记忆更准确，应用也更有效。A. study学习；B. tutor指导，辅导；C. read阅读；D. help帮助。根据后文“others work harder to understand the material, recall it more accurately”指辅导他人的学生在理解材料方面更加努力，记忆更准确，呼应上文“the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to someone else(理解一个概念的最好方法是向别人解释它)”，故选B。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员发现，那些愿意为他人提供辅导的学生在理解材料方面更加努力，记忆更准确，应用也更有效。A. apply应用；B. interpret解释；C. master掌握；D. rewrite重写。根据后文“it more effectively”指对材料的应用更加有效。故选A。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，那些仍在自学的孩子怎么能教别人呢？A. doubting怀疑；B. struggling奋斗；C. instructing指导；D. learning学习。根据后文“themselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids.”可知自学的孩子可以通过辅导年幼的孩子教学。故选D。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些研究发现，头胎的孩子比后生的兄弟姐妹更聪明。A. diligent勤奋的；B. efficient生效的；C. lovable可爱的；D. intelligent聪明的。根据后文“This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings.(这表明他们的高智商来自于他们花在教育兄弟姐妹上的时间)”可知，头胎更加聪明。故选D。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，教育工作者正在尝试将这种模式应用到学术科目中。A. system系统；B. model模式；C. innovation创新；D. knowledge知识。根据后文“They engage college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students(他们聘请大学本科生向高中生教授计算机科学)”可知，教育工作者正在尝试将这种教学模式应用到学术科目中。故选B。
37．考查介词短语辨析。句意：他们聘请大学本科生向高中生教授计算机科学，反过来高中生则对中学生进行相关的指导。A. in turn反过来；B. in return作为报答；C. in reality实际上；D. in consequence因此。根据后文“instruct middle school students on the topic”可知，大学本科生向高中生教授计算机科学，反过来高中生则对中学生进行相关的指导。故选A。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是最先进的工具是正在开发中的“可教代理”——一种计算机化的角色，它可以像现实世界的学生一样学习、尝试、犯错误并提出问题。A. development发展；B. progress进步；C. discussion讨论；D. review复习。根据后文“the “teachable agent”—a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world pupil”可知，“可教代理”是正在开发中的一种计算机化角色。故选A。
39．考查动词时态辨析。句意：计算机科学家创造了一个名为“贝蒂的大脑”的动画人物，它已经被数百名中学生“教授”了环境科学知识。A. is creating现在进行时；B. have created现在完成时；C. will be creating将来进行时；D. have been created现在完成时的被动语态。过去动作对现在产生了影响，且主语与谓语create (创造)为主动关系，故用现在完成时的主动语态。故选B。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在准备授课时，他们组织知识，提高自己的理解力。A. materialize实现；B. consider考虑；C. improve提高；D. stimulate刺激。根据后文“their own understanding”可知，在准备授课时，他们组织知识，提高自己的理解力。故选C。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们向它解释信息时，他们发现了自己思维中的问题。A. creation创造；B. perspective观点；C. right权利；D. thinking思维。结合上文“their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify problems in their own”可知，在解释信息的过程中，他们会发现自己思维中的问题。故选D。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：代理的问题迫使学生导师以不同的方式思考和解释材料，观看代理解决问题让他们看到自己的知识付诸行动。A. spread传播；B. deliver递送；C. express表达；D. explain解释。呼应上文“And as they explain the information to it”此处指解释材料。故选D。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：代理的问题迫使学生导师以不同的方式思考和解释材料，观看代理解决问题让他们看到自己的知识付诸行动。A. questions问题；B. knowledge知识；C. materials材料；D. experience经历。根据后文“put into action”可知让知识付诸行动。故选B。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，一个人在教学中经历的情感促进了学习。A. encourage鼓励；B. facilitate促进；C. influence影响；D. offer提供。根据后文“as they derive pride and satisfaction from someone else’s accomplishment(因为他们从别人的成就中获得骄傲和满足)”可知，一个人在教学中经历的情感促进了学习。故选B。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们的可教的代理人失败时，学生导师会感到沮丧，但当这些虚拟学生成功时，他们会感到高兴，因为他们从别人的成就中获得骄傲和满足。A. innocent无辜的；B. industrious勤奋的；C. virtual虚拟的；D. proud自豪的。对应上文“a computerized character”可知学生是电脑程序，即虚拟的。故选C。

46．C 47．D 48．A 49．B 50．C 51．D 52．A 53．B 54．C 55．A 56．D 57．D 58．A 59．D 60．A

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。多年来，父母们经常抱怨他们的孩子对游戏“上瘾”。然而，今天，越来越多的医生从字面上使用这个术语。文章主要说明了心理学家对于游戏上瘾的不同看法以及作者认为游戏公司应该主动采取行动向研究人员提供更多的数据，来诊断成瘾问题。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，父母们一直在抱怨他们的孩子对他们的游戏机和智能手机“上瘾”。A. acknowledged承认；B. confirmed确认；C. complained抱怨；D. sensed感觉。根据下文“their children are “addicted” to their PlayStations and smartphones.”和常识可知，父母抱怨他们的孩子对游戏机和智能手机“上瘾”。故选C。
47．考查副词词义辨析。句意：1月1日，“游戏障碍”——尽管会造成伤害，但仍强迫性地玩游戏——得到了世界卫生组织(WHO)的认可，因为最新版的诊断手册开始生效。A. willingly心甘情愿地；B. casually随意地；C. randomly任意地；D. compulsively强迫地。根据下文“despite causing harm”可知，上下文让步关系，尽管知道游戏会造成伤害，但是仍然强迫性地玩游戏。故选D。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个月前，世界上最大的游戏市场中国宣布了新规定，限制儿童在周五、周六和周日每天只能玩一个小时的游戏，其余时间都不能玩。A. limiting限制；B. exposing揭露；C. reducing减少；D. subjecting使服从。根据下文“just a single hour of play a day on Friday, Saturday and Sunday, and none the rest of the week.”可知，中国颁布新法规，限制孩子玩游戏时间。故选A。
49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：诊所在世界各地如雨后春笋般涌现，承诺用治疗酒精或可卡因成瘾的方法来治疗病人的玩游戏习惯。A. taking off起飞；B. springing up出现；兴起；C. fading away逐渐消失；D. turning around转身。根据“promising to cure patients of their habit in the same way they might cure them of an addiction to alcohol or cocaine”可知，世界各地承诺治疗游戏成瘾的诊所正在兴起。故选B。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：心理学家意见不一。 A. hesitant犹豫的；B. authoritative权威性的；C. split分裂的；D. cautious谨慎的。根据下文“The case for the defense is that this is just another moral panic.”和“____8____, defenders argue, the criteria used to diagnose gaming addiction are too loose.”可知，心理学家对此观点不一，分成了几个派别。故选C。
51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过去，一些扫兴者对电视、摇滚乐、爵士乐、漫画书、小说甚至填字游戏都发出了类似的警告。A. serious严重的；B. relevant相关的；C. bold大胆的；D. similar相似的。根据下文“warnings about television, rock ‘n’ roll, jazz, comic books, novels and even crossword puzzles.”可知，过去扫兴者对电视、摇滚乐、爵士乐、漫画书甚至小说也发出过类似的严重警告。故选D。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为最新的大众媒体形式，游戏只是在股市中度过了自己的一段时间，才最终停止了争议。A. ceases停止；B. continues继续；C. attempts试图；D. tends趋向。根据上文“gaming is merely enduring its own time in the stocks”可知，游戏最终停止争议。故选A。
53．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，辩护者认为，用于诊断游戏成瘾的标准过于宽松。A. Nevertheless尽管如此；B. Furthermore而且；C. Vice versa反过来也是一样地；D. Instead代替。根据下文“defenders argue, the criteria used to diagnose gaming addiction are too loose”可知，这里进一步说明游戏成瘾的危害。故选B。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们认为，沉迷游戏可能是一种病症（比如抑郁症），也可能是一种障碍。A. diagnose诊断；B. treatment治疗；C. symptom症状；D. definition定义。根据下文“of depression, say”可知，沉迷游戏可能是一种病症。故选C。
55．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：其动机源于商业模式的转变。 A. stems from源于；B. results in导致；C. evolves into发展成；D. amounts to总计。根据下文“a business-model shift.”可知，游戏开发商动机来自商业模式的转变。故选A。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，许多游戏采用的是“免费增值”模式，即游戏是免费的，玩家可以通过购买游戏内的商品获利。A. advertisements广告；B. promotions提升；C. deliveries递送；D. purchases购买。根据下文“That ties playtime directly to revenue.(这将游戏时间与收入直接挂钩)”和常识可知，钱是从玩家购买游戏里的道具中赚来的。故选D。
57．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得产品可以进行微调和修改，以促进消费。A. widely-used广泛使用的；B. repeatedly-recalled反复回忆的；C. massively-funded大规模地资助的；D. fine-tuned微调的。呼应下文“modified(修改)”，开发者对产品进行微调和修改。故选D。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在世界卫生组织有了游戏成瘾的官方规定，对游戏成瘾的诊断将变得更加普遍。A. code规定；B. qualification资格；C. analysis分析；D. shelter庇护。根据下文“diagnoses will become more common.”可知，世卫组织官方规定了游戏成瘾问题。故选A。
59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：诊所表示生意兴隆，因为大封锁让玩家有更多的时间花在他们的游戏嗜好上。A. frustrating使人沮丧的；B. flexible灵活的；C. competitive竞争的；D. booming兴旺的。根据下文“as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby.”可知，因为疫情封锁，玩家更多的时间花在游戏上使得诊所表示生意兴旺。故选D。
60．考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：科技行业的监管环境正变得越来越冷。A. chillier更寒冷的；B. more agreeable更愉快的；C. stricter更严格的；D. more scientific更科学的。根据上文“Clinics are already reporting ____14____ business, as lockdowns have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby.”可知，疫情封锁让玩家有更多的时间玩自己的游戏，所以科技行业的监管环境正变得越来越冷。故选A。

61．B 62．C 63．A 64．A 65．D 66．B 67．C 68．D 69．A 70．C 71．C 72．D 73．B 74．B 75．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英语是国际商业和社会的通用语言，也是经济成功的关键的原因；同时英语的变化方式是英语国家无法控制的，非母语人士不需要像母语人士那样说话，不需要将自己与他们进行比较。
61．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，这是经济成功的关键。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. otherwise否则；D. besides而且。根据上句“it is the language of international business and (它是国际商业和社会的通用语言)”可知，英语是国际商业和社会的通用语言，这是经济成功的关键的原因。故选B。
62．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：《英语下一步》(English Next)的作者大卫•葛拉多尔(David Graddol)表示，人们很容易将英语的故事简单地视为北美、英国等地以英语为母语的人的成功——但这很容易是一个错误。A. relieving减轻；B. shocking令人震惊的；C. tempting诱人的，吸引人的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据后句“to view the story of English simply as a success for its native speakers in North America, Britain, etc (把英语的故事仅仅看作是北美、英国等地以英语为母语的人的成功)”可知，把英语的故事仅仅看作是北美、英国等地以英语为母语的人的成功是很吸引人的。故选C。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：全球英语已进入一个更为复杂的阶段，其变化方式是英语国家无法控制的，也可能不喜欢的。A. like喜欢；B. oppose反对；C. mind介意；D. doubt怀疑。根据上句“changing in ways that the English-speaking countries cannot control (改变的方式是英语国家无法控制的)”可知，英语的变化方式是英语国家无法控制的，也可能是英语国家不喜欢的。故选A。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，非英语母语人士与英语母语人士的比例是三比一。A. outnumber数目超过；B. overlook忽视，忽略；C. upgrade升级；D. underestimate低估。根据后句“by three to one (三比一)”可知，是数量上的比例是三比一。故选A。
65．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据Graddol的说法，当没有以英语为母语的人在场时，许多用英语举行的商务会议似乎进行得更顺利，因为他们使用的习语、隐喻、动词短语等往往会造成理解上的问题。A. attentive注意的；B. agreeable欣然同意的；C. energetic活力四射的；D. present出席的。根据上句“According to Graddol, many business meetings held in English appear to run more smoothly (据葛拉多尔说，许多用英语举行的商务会议似乎进行得更顺利)”可知，当没有以英语为母语的人在场时，许多用英语举行的商务会议似乎进行得更顺利。故选D。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. fluency流利；B. comprehension理解；C. memory记忆；D. concentration专心。根据上句“no native English speakers (没有母语为英语的人)”可知，当没有以英语为母语的人在场时，他们使用的习语、隐喻、动词短语等往往会造成理解上的问题。故选B。
67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她注意到，非母语人士在很多方面改变标准英语语法。A. translating翻译；B. improving改善；C. varying改变；D. obeying遵守。根据后句“Even the most experienced speakers sometimes omit the “s” in the third person singular (即使是最有经验的演讲者有时也会在第三人称单数中省略“s”)”可知，非母语人士在很多方面改变标准英语语法。故选C。
68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人省略了标准英语中规定的定冠词和不定冠词。A. edited编辑；B. neglected忽略；C. avoided避免；D. required要求。根据上文“She has noticed that non-native speakers are 　　7　　 standard English grammar in several ways (她注意到，非母语人士在很多方面改变标准英语语法)”可知，许多人省略了标准英语中规定的定冠词和不定冠词。故选D。
69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多以英语为母语的人会坚持认为这些只是“错误”。A. mistakes错误；B. coincidences巧合，同时发生；C. exceptions免责条款；D. excuses借口。根据后文““Knowledges” and “phone to somebody” are simply wrong. (Knowledges和phone to someone是完全错误的)”可知，这些是错误。故选A。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：世界各地许多教英语的非母语人士会同意这种说法。A. fear害怕；B. object反对；C. agree同意；D. fight吵架。根据上文““Knowledges” and “phone to somebody” are simply wrong. (Knowledges和phone to someone是完全错误的)”可知，许多教英语的非母语人士会同意这种说法。故选C。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是语言会变，语法正确性的概念也会变。A. ignorance忽略；B. evolution进化；C. correctness正确性；D. guidance引导。根据上文“But language changes, (但是语言会变)”可知，语法正确性的概念也会变。故选C。
72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：目前，那些坚持使用标准英语语法的人仍处于有利地位。A. honoured尊敬的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. falling下降的；D. powerful强大的。根据后文“Academics who want their work published in international journals have to obey the grammatical rules followed by native English-speaking elites(精英)(想要在国际期刊上发表论文的学者必须遵守母语为英语的精英所遵循的语法规则)”可知，在国际期刊上发表论文的学者必须遵守母语为英语的精英所遵循的语法规则，说明那些坚持使用标准英语语法的人仍处于有利地位。故选D。
73．考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，他们的主要目的是被彼此理解，而在大多数情况下，没有母语人士在场。A. by comparison相比之下；B. after all毕竟；C. on purpose故意地；D. in reality实际上。根据上句“Why should non-native speakers bother with what native speakers regard as correct? (为什么非母语人士要为母语人士认为正确的内容而烦恼呢?)”后文“is to be understood by one another, and in most cases there is no native speaker present. (就是要被彼此理解，而且在大多数情况下没有母语人士在场)”可知，毕竟，主要目的是被彼此理解，为什么非母语人士要为母语人士认为正确的内容而烦恼呢？故选B。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为我们现在看到的是一种新的国际态度的出现，人们认识到并意识到，在许多国际环境中，非母语人士不需要像母语人士那样说话，不需要与母语人士进行比较，那样总是感觉‘不太好’。”A. disappearance消失；B. emergence出现；C. criticism批判；D. evaluation进化。根据后文“new(新的)”可知，是一种新的国际态度的出现。故选B。
75．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. less good不太好的；B. less lonely不那么孤独的；C. more alive 更活跃的；D. more adapted更适应的。根据语境及常识可知，非母语人士没有母语者的英语好，如果进行比较，会感觉“不好”。故选A。

76．D 77．B 78．A 79．C 80．B 81．A 82．C 83．C 84．D 85．B 86．A 87．D 88．B 89．C 90．A

【导语】本文是议论文。作者从的一本科幻小说开始讨论技术在我们生活中的作用，但是作者反对该作家的观点：技术是人类的救世主。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在2001年与人合著的虚构HAL 9000电脑《太空漫游》预见了当今人们对人工智能的许多恐惧。A. experiences经历；B. causes引起，导致；C. eliminates消除；D. foresees预见。根据下文“many of today’s fears about artificial intelligence”可知，Arthur C Clarke在他2001年的作品里面应该是预见到了当今人们对人工智能的许多恐惧。故选D。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我打破了自己的诺言，因为重读它给了我新的见解。A. coining铸币；B. breaking打破；C. emphasizing强调；D. parroting鹦鹉学舌。根据上文“because re-reading it has given me new insight.”可知，作者打破了自己的诺言。故选B。
78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：直到今天，这本书几乎在每一个细节上都是错误的。A. wrong错误的；B. technical技术的；C. readable可读的；D. informative提供信息的。根据下文“Clarke suggests, for example, “amplifiers(放大器)” to make us more intelligent, but makes no 　　4　　 of the Internet, which was in development at the time and was 　　5　　 15 years earlier by Joseph Licklider of MIT, when he was working at the US defence department.”和“Being wrong is just one problem I have with Clarke’s book.”可知，作者后来发现Clarke在书中写的内容是错误的。故选A。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：克拉克建议，例如，“放大器”让我们变得更聪明，但没有提到互联网，当时互联网正在发展中，15年前麻省理工学院的约瑟夫·利克利德在美国国防部工作时就预测到了互联网。A. use使用；B. sense感觉；C. mention提到；D. doubt怀疑。根据下文“which was in development at the time”可知，互联网在当时已经存在，但是Clarke在书中并没有提到。故选C。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第4题详解。A. launched发射；B. predicted预测；C. discovered发现；D. inspected检查；查看。根据下文“15 years earlier by Joseph Licklider of MIT”可知，互联网在15年前就预测到了。故选B。
81．考查副词词义辨析。句意：就像大多数展望未来的人一样，它完全从技术的角度看待明天。A. entirely完全地，整个地；B. attentively专心地；C. seriously严肃地；D. positively积极地。根据上文“Like most future-gazing”可知，这里指大多数展望未来的人的态度，所以他们应该是完全从技术的角度看待明天。故选A。
82．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：科技是了不起的，但它与世界上最美好的事物几乎没有关系，它将在消除人类最糟糕的事物：贫穷、无知和疯狂方面发挥次要作用。A. constructive建设性的；B. supervisory监督的；C. minor次要的；D. leading领导性的。根据上文“but”可知，两个小分句之间是转折的关系，上文提到科技是了不起的，下文就应该提到它的不足的地方：在消除贫穷、无知和疯狂方面发挥次要作用。故选C。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所说的最好的东西是什么意思？取缔种族主义；残疾人权利；妇女解放；理性的崛起，迷信的衰落；社会保障、动物权利和更大的预期寿命。A. economy经济；B. industry工业；C. reason原因，理由；D. reflection反思。根据下文“but the fall of superstition”可知，上下文是转折的关系，迷信衰落，对应的是理性的崛起。故选C。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢科技为发展中国家所做的一切，在那里，电灯、洗衣机和互联网都有助于进步。A. achieved完成；B. assessed评估；C. traced追溯；D. aided帮忙。根据上文“I love what technology is doing for the developing world”可知，作者很认同科技为发展中国家所做的一切，所以应该是有助于进步的表现。故选D。
85．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：技术将发挥其作用，但它不是必不可少的。A. active积极的；B. essential根本的，必不可少的；C. revolutionary革命的；D. passive被动的。根据上文“But even better for that world will be universal education, the elimination of corruption(腐败), the rule of law, and democracy.”可知，作者认为技术不是必不可少的。故选B。
86．考查动词词义辨析。句意：俄勒冈州的数字思想家和作家马雷·德马雷斯特认为，无论我们有多么容易分心、错过当下、扭曲数据以使其符合我们想要的含义，技术都会告诉我们真相。A. bend弯腰，拐弯；B. store储存；C. download下载；D. transfer转移。根据上文“our nasty tendency to get distracted, to miss the moment”可知，这些都是错误的行为。故选A。
87．考查动词词义辨析。句意：收集数据主要是为了以某种方式改善人类生活。A. create创造；B. educate教育；C. understand理解；D. improve改善。根据上文“I love what technology is doing for the developing world, where electric lighting, washing machines and the Internet have 　　9　　 progress.”可知，收集数据主要是为了改善人类生活。故选D。
88．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，理解数据仍然是人类的活动。A. besides此外；B. however然而；C. therefore因此；D. otherwise否则。根据这句话上下文“Making sense of data, 　　13　　, will remain a human activity,”可知，这句话和上文之间是转折关系。故选B。
89．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在未来很长一段时间内，我们比我们能够制造的任何机器都更善于判断。A. multitask多任务；B. identification验证；C. judgment判断；D. flexibility灵活性。根据下文“than any machine we will be able to make”可知，这里是在对比人类和机器人的判断能力。故选C。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：技术只是我们欲望的代理人。A. agent代理人；B. spokesperson发言人；C. signboard标志牌；D. illustration插图。根据下文“It isn’t the future; we are the future.”可知，我们人类才是未来的主宰，机器人只是我们的代理人。故选A。

91．B 92．A 93．B 94．B 95．A 96．C 97．D 98．C 99．C 100．B 101．A 102．B 103．B 104．A 105．B 106．C 107．D 108．C 109．C 110．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者多年前的一个春天早上，在沿着 Coho Creek淘金的时候，遇到了一只被困在猎人陷阱里还在哺乳期的母狼，于是循着踪迹找到幼崽并把幼崽送到被困的母狼身边。多年后，作者又再次见到了母狼的传奇经历。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我从一片云杉和铁杉的森林中走出来时，我僵住了。A. passed通过、经过；B. froze冻结、僵硬；C. stood站立；D. paused暂停。根据下文的“No more than 20 paces away in the bog was a huge Alaskan timber wolf — caught in one of Trapper George’s traps.”可知，作者看到了一头母狼，所以作者是身形一僵。故选B。
92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一走近，狼又迷惑又害怕，它往后退了退，用力拉着捕兽夹的链条。A. approach接近、方法；B. arrival到达；C. movement运动；D. sight视线、视力。根据下文“the wolf backed away, straining at the trap chain.”可知，作者是向母狼走去。故选A。
93．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在某个地方，有一窝饥饿的幼崽在等待它们的母亲。A. little小的；B. hungry饿的；C. young年轻的；D. lovely可爱的。根据上文的“Then I noticed something else: It was a female, and her teats were full of milk.”可知，这头狼的乳头里都是乳汁，说明这头狼在哺育幼狼崽，而母狼被困，说明狼崽处于饥饿的状态。故选B。
94．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我怀疑，如果我试图释放这只狼，它会变得好斗，试图把我撕成碎片。A. horrible恐怖的；B. aggressive好斗的；C. violent暴力的；D. invasive侵略性的、攻击性的。根据下文的“try to tear me to pieces”可知，母狼为了回去哺育狼崽，会很好斗。故选B。
95．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许饥饿帮助他们克服了天生的恐惧。A. overcome克服；B. remove去除；C. fight战斗；D. stop停止。根据上文“I extended my hands, and they tentatively suckled at my fingers.”可知，狼崽由于太饥饿开始吮吸作者的手指，所以说是饥饿克服了天生的恐惧感。故选A。
96．考查动词短语辨析。句意：可能是嗅到了幼崽的气味，它发出了一声尖细的哀鸣。A. turning to转向；B. looking back回顾；C. picking up捡起、收听、闻到；D. tracking down追踪。根据空后的“the scent of her young”可知，母狼是嗅到了幼崽的味道。故选C。
97．考查代词词义辨析。句意：我砍下铁杉树枝，给自己搭了个简陋的帐篷，很快就在附近睡着了。A. it它；B. them他们、它们；C. all所有；D. myself我自己。根据下文“was soon asleep nearby”可知，作者是为自己搭了个帐篷。故选D。
98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我瞥了一眼激动的母狼。A. moved移动；B. turned转身；C. glanced扫视；D. gazed凝视。根据下文“toward the agitated mother wolf”可知，作者是瞥了一眼母狼。故选C。
99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一点一点地，我慢慢地靠近她——尽管我小心翼翼地保持在她锁链的长度之外。A. running跑步；B. walking走路；C. edging前进；D. pacing踱步。根据下文“though I was careful to remain beyond the ___10___ of her chain.”可知，作者是在慢慢接近母狼以取得母狼的信任。故选C。
100．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一点一点地，我慢慢地靠近她——尽管我小心翼翼地保持在她锁链的长度之外。A. range范围；B. length长度；C. circle圆圈；D. route路线。根据下文“The big animal never took her dark eyes off me.”可知，母狼对作者还有戒备之心，所以作者是在母狼的锁链长度之外。故选B。
101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在第五天的黄昏，我给她送来了每日的鹿肉。A. delivered递送；B. transported运输；C. prepared准备；D. collected收集。根据上文可知，作者每天都给母狼食物，而根据下文““Here’s dinner,” I said softly as I approached.”可知，作者给母狼送来了鹿肉。故选A。
102．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我把毯子裹在身上，慢慢地躺在冰冷的地上。A. stood by袖手旁观、支持；B. settled onto安置在……之上；C. passed over越过；D. fled away逃走。根据上文“I wrapped my blanket around myself”可知，作者是躺在了地上。故选B。
103．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想，这不可能发生。A. lingering徘徊、逗留；B. happening发生；C. inviting邀请；D. emerging浮现。根据上文“She flinched but made no threatening move.”以及下文“Yet it was.”可知，作者原以为这一切不会发生，但是却发生了。故选B。
104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们肿了，撕裂了，但如果我能让她自由，她就不会失去爪子。A. free释放；B. calm镇定；C. transfer迁移；D. comfort安慰。根据下文“‘Just a little longer and we’ll have you out of there.’ I applied pressure, the trap sprang open, and the wolf pulled free.”可知，作者想放了母狼，给她自由，她才不会失去爪子。故选A。
105．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶。A. terrified恐惧的；B. astonished吃惊的；C. overwhelmed被淹没、感动；D. satisfied满意的。根据下文“This went against everything I’d ever heard about timber wolves.”可知，这和作者对狼的认知不一致，所以作者感到吃惊。故选B。
106．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，母狼在清脆的空气中发出了一声长长的哀嚎。A. gave给；B. screamed尖叫；C. sent送、发出；D. made制作。根据空后的“a long, mournful howl into the crisp air.”可知，母狼发出一声哀嚎。故选C。
107．考查动词词义辨析。句意：四年后，在第二次世界大战中服役后，我回到科霍克里克。A. experiencing经历；B. defending防御、保卫；C. contributing贡献、投稿；D. serving为……服务、服兵役。根据空后的“in World War II”可知，作者是去服兵役。故选D。
108．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这情景给了我一种奇怪的感觉，不知怎的，我爬上库普雷诺夫山，来到我最后一次见到她的草地上。A. look看；B. recall回忆；C. sight视线、视力、场景；D. memory记忆力。根据上文“Then I saw, hanging in the red cedar where I had placed it four years before, the now-rusted steel trap that had ensnared the mother wolf.”可知，这是作者看到的场景。故选C。
109．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使过了四年，我还是立刻认出了那个熟悉的身形。A. huge巨大的；B. strong强壮的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. tough强硬的、棘手的、坚强的。根据下文“‘Hello, old girl,’ I called gently. The wolf edged closer, ears erect, body tense, and stopped a few yards off, her bushy tail wagging slightly.”可知，作者又见到了母狼，所以是熟悉的身形。故选C。
110．考查介词词义辨析。句意：但她留给我的记忆——生动、难以忘怀、还有点诡异——将永远存在，提醒我自然界中有些东西是存在于人类法则和理解之外的。A. under在……下面；B. concerning关于；C. over在……上方；D. outside在……外面。根据上文的“vivid, haunting, a little eerie”可知，作者认为这段经历超出了人类法则和理解之外。故选D。

111．B 112．A 113．B 114．C 115．A 116．C 117．C 118．B 119．C 120．D 121．B 122．C 123．D 124．A 125．C

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述的是大学生是否要去上大学。
111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，就在他的父母准备把押金支票寄给他所录取的一所大学时，这个年轻人承认他不想上大学。A. security安全；B. deposit存款；C. information信息；D. routine常规。此处表示的是父母准备交学费的时候，结果年轻人不想上大学了。故选B。
112．考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子和他们的父母应该如何看待这种困境? A. dilemma困境；B. landscape风景；C. consequence结果；D. disappointment失望。根据前文“He wants to work, to earn a living, to be out on his own. ”可知，父母本做好让孩子上大学的准备，结果孩子不愿意去上大学，所以此处指的是困境。故选A。
113．考查名词词义辨析。句意：上大学常被认为是对未来的一种投资。A. shelter避难所；B. investment投资；C. prospect前景；D. victory胜利。根据后文“You pay up front so you can benefit abundantly for the rest of your life.”可知，把教育视为一种对未来的投资故选B。
114．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：情节更复杂的是，从1989年到2016年，大学学费上涨了98%。这导致了大量的学生贷款债务。A. evident有证据的，明显的；B. compelling强制的；C. complicated复杂的；D. realistic实际的。根据前文“plot”可知，此处表示情况更复杂的是。故选C。
115．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于一些想进入一个需要大学学位的领域的孩子来说，这可能是值得的，但另一些人不知道他们毕业后想做什么，所以对他们来说，大学就像为未来的就业买了一份昂贵的保险。A. insurance保险；B. scam骗局；C. maintenance维持；D. lesson课程，教训 。根据后文“for future employment.”可知，对于很多毕业后想做什么的人来说大学就像为未来的就业买了一份昂贵的保险。故选A。
116．考查名词词义辨析。句意：也许你在为你或你孩子的生活做决定时并不主要使用成本效益分析。A. trial-error试错法；B. question-answer问答法；C. cost-benefit成本效益；D. pros-cons利和弊。根据前文“College is often discussed as a(n) 　　3　　 in the future”可知，家长们在为孩子们作决定的时候不会考虑成本，并没有把上大学看成是投资或者是保险考虑收益。故选C。
117．考查名词词义辨析。句意：让我们看看大学对幸福感的影响。A. health健康；B. society社会；C. happiness幸福；D. education教育。根据前文“wants their child to be happy as well”可知，父母想让孩子们幸福。故选C。
118．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些学者发现，当控制生活中的其他因素如收入和宗教信仰时，教育本身并没有独立的解释幸福的力量。A. concern关心；B. power力量；C. favor喜爱；D. advantage优势。根据前文“by itself has no independent explanatory”可知，教育本身并没有独立的解释幸福的力量。故选B。
119．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人实际上认为教育与幸福负相关，并假设一些大学生用生活满意度来换取学业抱负。A. prejudice偏见；B. panic恐慌；C. ambition野心；D. unemployment失业。根据前文“exchange life satisfaction”可知，一些大学生用生活满意度来换取学业抱负。故选C。
120．考查动词短语辨析。句意：根据盖洛普(Gallup)的一项研究，学生债务与财务、身体健康和目标感呈负相关，并且与毕业后长达25年的低幸福感相关。A. applied to应用；B. blamed on负责；C. informed of通知；D. associated with联系。根据前文“student debt is negatively correlated with financial and physical health and sense of purpose”可知，学生债务与财务、身体健康和目标感呈负相关，并且与毕业后长达25年的低幸福感相关。故选D。
121．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们唯一能肯定地说的是:“这要看情况。”取决于什么方面？每个人的独特属性。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. otherwise否则；D. furthermore此外，更新一步。此处表示因果关系。故选B。
122．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. fates命运；B. decisions决定；C. attributes属性；D. inputs投入。根据后文“each person”可知，此处上大学的意义取决于个人的属性和状况。故选C。
123．考查迷名词词义辨析。句意：我可以向你保证，一个人在大学里无法茁壮成长的首要因素，就是一开始就不想上大学。A. qualification资格；B. coverage覆盖，涵盖；C. witness目击者，见证；D. predictor预示。根据“of a failure”可知，此处表示失败的预示，表明孩子已经不想上大学了。故选D。
124．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们很容易把自己的愿望投射到孩子身上——试着通过他们看到自己的潜力。A. project预算，投射；B. owe欠；C. adjust调整；D. prefer偏爱。根据后文“our own desires onto our kids”可知，家长容易把自己的愿望投射到孩子身上。故选A。
125．考查动词词义辨析。句意：席卷我们文化的全民大学热忽视了孩子们必须培养和分享的天赋。A. highlights突显；B. justifies裁决；C. ignores忽视；D. visualizes可视化。根据前文“overtaken much of our culture ”可知，全民大学热忽视了孩子们必须培养和分享的天赋。故选C。

126．B 127．D 128．A 129．D 130．C 131．B 132．C 133．A 134．D 135．B 136．C 137．A 138．D 139．B 140．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Bruno给Shmuel食物吃，却被Kotler中尉发现了，Kotler中尉问Bruno是否认识Shmuel，Bruno回答不认识，这让Shmuel伤心。
126．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Shmuel抬起头，看到他的朋友站在那里，他惊恐的脸上绽开了灿烂的笑容。A. burst out突发；B. broke into突然开始（做某事）；C. look forward期待；D. turned around转身。根据上文“terrified face”和下文“a broad smile”可知，他惊恐的脸上绽开了灿烂的笑容，break into a broad smile意为“露出灿烂的笑容”。故选B。
127．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们说他们需要手指小的人。A. ears耳朵；B. bodies身体；C. figures数字；D. fingers手指。根据下文“their middle fingers ”可知，句子表示“他们说他们需要手指小的人”。故选D。
128．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Bruno的手看起来很健康，充满活力。A. healthy健康的；B. slim苗条的；C. bony骨瘦如柴的；D. clumsy笨拙的。根据下文“full of life”可知，Bruno的手看起来很健康。故选A。
129．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，Shmuel的手却告诉我们一个完全不同的故事。A. adventurous勇于冒险的；B. crazy疯狂的；C. exploratory探究的；D. different不同的。根据上文“it was like the hand of the pretend skeleton”和“however”表转折可知，Shmuel的手却告诉我们一个完全不同的故事。故选D。
130．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：男孩盯着手里的食物看了一会儿，抬起头，用感激但又害怕的眼神看着布鲁诺。A. vacant空着的；B. intense强烈的；C. grateful感激的；D. pathetic令人怜悯的。根据上文“putting some slices of chicken in his friend’s hand”可知，得到了食物，男孩很感激。故选C。
131．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他朝门口的方向很快地看了一眼，然后一口气把所有的切片都塞进嘴里，二十秒钟就把它们吞了下去。A. slice一片；B. glance很快的一看；C. shadow影子；D. peek偷偷地一看。根据下文“putting some slices of chicken in his friend’s hand”可知，他朝门口的方向很快地看了一眼。故选B。
132．考查固定短语辨析。句意：他朝门口的方向瞥了一眼，然后一口气把所有的切片都塞进嘴里，二十秒钟就把它们吞了下去。A. by and by不久以后；B. one after another一个接一个地；C. in one go一口气；D. at one time曾经，一度。根据下文“gobbled them down in twenty seconds”可知，他一口气把所有的切片都塞进嘴里。故选C。
133．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bruno盯着他，感觉气氛变得沉重起来，感觉到施穆埃尔的肩膀往下沉。A. atmosphere气氛；B. environment环境；C. compulsion冲动；D. schedule安排。根据上文“Lieutenant Kotler reappeared”和下文“grow heavy, sensing Shmuel’s shoulders sinking down”可知，Kotler中尉出现后，气氛变得沉重起来。故选A。
134．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Kotler中尉没有理睬Bruno，径直走向Shmuel，怒视着他。A. Conquering征服；B. Abusing滥用；C. Neglecting不予重视；D. Ignoring不理睬。根据下文“marched over to Shmuel and glared at him”可知，Kotler中尉没有理睬Bruno，径直走向Shmuel，怒视着他。故选D。
135．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Shmuel抬头看着Kotler中尉，Kotler中尉皱着眉头，身体微微前倾，歪着头仔细检查着男孩的脸。A. looking看；B. leaning（身体）倾斜；C. applauding鼓掌；D. falling降落。根据下文“forward slightly and tilting his head as he examined the boy’s face”可知，Kotler中尉皱着眉头，身体微微前倾，歪着头仔细检查着男孩的脸。故选B。
136．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Shmuel看着Bruno，他的眼睛在乞求帮助。A. calling打电话；B. agonizing感到极度痛苦；C. pleading恳求，乞求；D. searching搜索。根据下文“for help”可知，他的眼睛在乞求帮助。故选C。
137．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Bruno张大了嘴，试着回忆说“是”这个词时你的嘴是怎么用的。A. dropped下降；B. swung摇摆；C. lay躺；D. snapped断裂。根据下文“he tried to remember the way you used your mouth if you wanted to say the word “yes””可知，Bruno张大了嘴，drop open意为“张开”。故选A。
138．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他从来没有见过任何人在那一刻表现得像Shmuel那样恐惧，他想说些正确的话，让事情变得更好，但后来他意识到他做不到，因为他自己也感到同样的恐惧。A. furious愤怒的；B. scary令人害怕的；C. horrifying令人恐惧的；D. terrified害怕的。根据上文“He’d never seen anyone look so terrified as Shmuel”可知，他自己也感到同样的恐惧，空格处意为“害怕的”。故选D。
139．考查动词词义辨析。句意：听到这句话，Shmuel不再哭了，只是盯着地板，看起来好像他在试图说服他的灵魂不再住在那小小的身体里，而是溜走，航行到门口，上升到天空，穿过云层，直到很远。A. bind捆绑；B. convince说服；C. sympathize同情；D. rescue救。根据下文“his soul not to live inside tiny body any more”可知，句子表示“看起来好像他在试图说服他的灵魂不再住在那小小的身体里”。故选B。
140．考查动词词义辨析。句意：听到这句话，Shmuel不再哭了，只是盯着地板，看起来好像他在试图说服他的灵魂不再住在那小小的身体里，而是溜走，航行到门口，上升到天空，穿过云层，直到很远。A. slip溜；B. wash洗；C. smooth抚平，弄平滑；D. escape逃跑。根据下文“sail to the door and rise up into the sky”可知，好像他在试图说服他的灵魂不再住在那小小的身体里，而是溜走。故选A。