上海高考英语完形填空专项训练

这是一份上海高考英语完形填空专项训练，共42页。
完形填空
“Challenge-based learning is often focused on the challenges that have global impact. The students, who _____1_____the challenge, often don’t know what the solution will be. The facilitator is keeping them from _____2_____a solution too early, and encourages to analyze the challenge from multiple points of view, and from different scientific perspectives,” says Vilma Sukacke, a researcher at Kaunas University of Technology (KTU), Lithuania.
Such a learning approach is very fitting to sustainability education, which, according to various scholars,_____3_____a contextual, problem-oriented, reflective, interdisciplinary (跨学科), collaborative, participatory and empowered learning environment. In other words, educators have to _____4_____from more traditional teacher-centred education to becoming instructional designers of student-centred education.
Aiming to evaluate the _____5_____of such approaches, a group of researchers from Lithuanian, Danish, German, Portuguese and Spanish universities conducted a systematic literature review,_____6_____the three active learning methods, i.e.. project, problem and challenge-based learning according to the ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) framework.
_____7_____the educators agree that problem-based learning (PBL), project-based learning (PJBL) and, more recently, challenge-based learning (CBL) are efficient in teaching the students to _____8_____technology in real-life situations and improving their transversal (横向) skills, such as teamwork, communication and conflict resolution, the application of these methods in the classroom may be challenging for both sides.
“In my practice, I have noticed that sometimes students are _____9_____innovative learning methods and are considering them as a sort of a game. As these classes often take place in a play full environment, full of different pencils, colorful notes and building blocks, it’s difficult for the students to take them _____10_____. Therefore, it’s very important to_____11_____the methods and the goals to the learners very clearly,” says Professor Saule Petroniene from KTU Faculty of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities, a co-author of the study.
According to her, to successfully apply unconventional teaching methods is a challenge for a beginning teacher. However, this effort _____12_____, especially when students continue their activities outside school and focus on solving _____13_____social problems.
Rescarchers believe that the _____14_____of CBL, PJBL, and PBL requires a paradigm (范式) shift, where organization, staff and students change their view to education and learning. In this process, both teachers and students need to apply new skills and _____15_____roles that they might not have needed before.
1．A．allow B．introduce C．accept D．expect
2．A．carrying on B．focusing on C．applying for D．inquiring about
3．A．cares about B．tells of C．turns to D．calls for
4．A．shift B．differ C．suffer D．learn
5．A．outcome B．efficiency C．impact D．value
6．A．exploring B．applying C．modifying D．explaining
7．A．Whether B．As long as C．Although D．Because
8．A．develop B．include C．associate D．integrate
9．A．approving B．questioning C．preventing D．adopting
10．A．affectionately B．calmly C．seriously D．coolly
11．A．transfer B．change C．communicate D．express
12．A．pays off B．goes away C．gives off D．breaks down
13．A．subjective B．real C．imaginary D．virtual
14．A．combination B．organization C．realization D．cooperation
15．A．take on B．put away C．send for D．deal with

Pope (罗马教皇) Francis wearing a massive, loose and white puffer coat. Elon Musk walking hand-in-hand with rival GM CEO Mary Barra. None of these things actually happened, but such AI-generated ___16___ did go viral online over the past week.
The situation demonstrates a new online reality: the ___17___ of a new crop of artificial intelligence tools has made it cheaper and easier than ever to create realistic images, as well as audio and videos. And these images are likely to pop up with increasing frequency on social media.
While these AI tools may enable new means of expressing creativity, the spread of computer-generated media also threatens to further ___18___ the information ecosystem. That risks ___19___ the challenges for users, news organizations and social media platforms to tell what’s real. There are also concerns that Al-generated images could be misused.
Images, compared to the Al-generated text, can be ___20___ powerful in provoking emotions when people view them, said Claire Leibowicz, head of AI and media integrity at the Partnership on AI. That can make it harder for people to slow down and ___21___ whether what they’re looking at is real or fake. ___22___, bad guys could eventually attempt to create fake content in quantity in order to confuse Internet users and provoke certain behaviors.
Computer-generated image technology has improved rapidly in recent years, from the photoshopped image of a shark swimming through a flooded highway to the websites that four years ago began mass producing mostly ___23___ photos of people. But in most cases, the creators of the recent hot images don’t appear to have been ill-intended.
There are ___24___ by platforms, AI technology companies and industry groups to improve the transparency when a piece of content is generated by a computer. Platforms including Meta’s Facebook and Instagram, Twitter and YouTube have policies restricting or even ____25____ the sharing of media that could mislead users. But as use of AI-generated technologies grows, even such policies could threaten to ____26____ user trust. If, for example, a fake image accidentally slipped through a platform’s detection system, it could give people false confidence. Although there’s a detection system that says it’s real, it’s actually not.
Work is also underway on technical solutions that would, ____27____, watermark an AI-generated image or include a transparent label in an image’s metadata, so anyone viewing it across the Internet would know it was created by a computer. “All these institutions are ____28____ disclosure and transparency,” Leibowicz said.
A group of tech leaders, including Musk and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, this week wrote an open letter ____29____ artificial intelligence labs to stop the training of the most powerful AI systems for at least six months, citing “profound risks to society and humanity.” ____30____, it’s not clear whether any labs will take such a step. And as the technology rapidly improves and becomes accessible beyond a relatively small group of corporations doing responsible practices, lawmakers may need to get involved.
16．A．images B．dream C．article D．imagination
17．A．rise B．emphasis C．innovation D．population
18．A．rob B．pollute C．fire D．reverse
19．A．getting rid of B．coming up with C．adding to D．accounting for
20．A．equally B．necessarily C．especially D．nearly
21．A．underestimate B．overstate C．refer D．evaluate
22．A．As you know B．What’s more C．On the other hand D．To put it short
23．A．unachievable B．unbiased C．unconvincing D．uncomfortable
24．A．efforts B．cases C．demands D．resources
25．A．hacking B．urging C．publicizing D．prohibiting
26．A．ruin B．cease C．rebuild D．replace
27．A．in fact B．for example C．above all D．in short
28．A．committed to B．credited to C．mixed about D．worried about
29．A．counting on B．waiting on C．arranging for D．calling for
30．A．Namely B．Oddly C．Still D．Therefore

When you eat something really sour, there is something that can’t be ignored. It is the ____31____ that isn’t limited to your tongue. An especially sour bite has a way of making your entire face ____32____ into a look of discomfort. If you can’t ____33____ puckering (撅起) your mouth when you lick a lemon or snack on Sour Patch Kids, you can thank evolution.
That unmistakable sour flavor that stimulate your taste buds is a product that acids release when they combine with saliva (唾液) . When your mouth ____34____ this sign of acid, it lets you know in a dramatic way. Your taste receptors  ____35____ and your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science.
Your tongue’s reactions to bitter or spicy foods are rejection ____36____ as well. Many plants found in nature with these ____37____ are poisonous, and your body’s strong reaction is its way of protecting you from harm. Sourness ____38____ naturally in fruits like citrus (柑橘), but it can be a warning of food-borne illness in many cases. ____39____ fruits and dairy products contain acid, which gives them a sour taste too.
It’s hard to ignore the sour flavor of what you’re eating when it twists your entire facial expression. This reaction isn’t necessarily enough to help someone who has already taken a bite of a bad apple, but it may protect the people they’re with. When our early human ancestors hunted for food, a sudden twisted face may have ______40______ that whatever that person put in their mouth wasn’t good to eat.
The pucker response to ______41______ flavors helped early humans avoid getting sick, but it doesn’t stop us from eating this kind of food today. The flavor is so sought after that there’s an entire candy market ______42______ to maximizing it in processed products. So why do we love to eat the very thing that our face and tongue warns us might kill us?
The answer is ______43______ taste. Humans don’t naturally desire bitter, spicy, or sour foods, but foods with these characteristics are important components of a nutritious diet.______44______ loving these flavors from birth, we’re conditioned to enjoy them through repeated exposure. By becoming familiar with the taste via our peers and family members, humans ______45______ learn which sour (and bitter and spicy) foods are healthy and which are potentially harmful.
Though we rely on the sense every day, taste doesn’t work exactly how you may assume.
31．A．challenge B．panic C．sensation D．impression
32．A．adjust B．perceive C．react D．contract
33．A．decline B．insist C．persist D．resist
34．A．distinguishes B．detects C．identifies D．encounters
35．A．take up B．light up C．get across D．bring down
36．A．responses B．impairments C．preferences D．guarantees
37．A．bitterness B．declines C．flavors D．textures
38．A．puts up B．picks up C．stays up D．shows up
39．A．Ripe B．Raw C．Spoiled D．Purchased
40．A．proved B．confessed C．communicated D．displayed
41．A．salty B．bitter C．spicy D．sour
42．A．ceased B．deserved C．desired D．devoted
43．A．acquired B．born C．gained D．undeveloped
44．A．Apart from B．Thanks to C．Instead of D．Regardless of
45．A．gradually B．faithfully C．barely D．respectively

What can you make with a 3D printer?
Theoretically speaking, you can make anything with a 3D printer, though its main uses are in industries like manufacturing, prototyping, construction and medicine. However, now hobbyists can create the ____46____ items at home, and many are even selling their wares online as a part time job.
3D printers were also a critical tool ____47____ of the COVID-19 pandemic, when PPE was in short supply. Hospitals____48____ on 3D printers to supply their staff with gowns, masks and respirators, as well as to create parts for ventilators. One Seattle high school student even____49____ a mask factory from his home using a 3D printer.
Now, with scientists able to create prosthetics (假肢) and implants via 3D printing, the____50____ in medicine are arguably among some of the most exciting. They can also create____51____ body parts like ears from stem cells, collagen and structural proteins in the human body called fibrin; this process is known as bioprinting, though much of it is still in the testing phases. ____52____, researchers can test pharmaceuticals easily and ethically with tissue created from 3D printers.
In the future, designers and hobbyists may not be asking the question “How do 3D printers work?” because 3D printers will likely be so ____53____ in our daily lives. Today, kids are being taught about 3D printing in elementary school, and many local libraries currently have the machines available, as do stores like UPS and Staples.
Honestly, the possibilities are____54____ in the aerospace, electronic, medical, energy and automotive industries, where 3D printers will become even more vital tools. While this can be handy when it comes to cars, which can be customized for buyers, it is even more essential in the _____55_____ field. Although we’re still probably 10 to 15 years away from 3D printed organs like kidneys, this scientific advancement is most definitely _____56_____.
And _____57_____ the opportunities in space, where the defense and aerospace 3D printing market is expected to reach $ 5. 58 billion by 2026. In the future, 3D printing could transform space exploration and space tourism by allowing astronauts to create objects_____58_____while in space. Imagine a future in which buildings and food are created in space!
When will you be able to print nearly anything at home? We’re getting there. “We are at the _____59_____ of a manufacturing age,” Bourell says, “which I believe may have an impact_____60_____ that of the Information Age.”
46．A．appealing B．delicate C．artificial D．nonindustrial
47．A．by means B．at the height C．in terms D．regardless
48．A．reflected B．switched C．relied D．intended
49．A．ran B．attached C．rolled D．spun
50．A．tendencies B．implications C．situations D．advances
51．A．manned B．actual C．spotless D．genetic
52．A．Contrarily B．Precisely C．Additionally D．Imaginably
53．A．advanced B．interwoven C．intermediate D．novel
54．A．endless B．applicable C．limited D．stuck
55．A．automotive B．industrial C．manufacturing D．medical
56．A．on the horizon B．in the mind C．in the course D．at present
57．A．transfer B．consider C．illustrate D．overlook
58．A．in supply B．in stock C．on demand D．under control
59．A．center B．doorway C．crossroads D．destination
60．A．comparable to B．based on C．absent from D．proportional to

Tattoos are enjoying a great popularity among college students in America. They ____61____ students’ shoulders, backs, arms, legs, feet, and even toes. A Harris online survey reported that 26 percent of college students in America had at least one tattoo. In the area of ____62____ nearly equal percentages of males (16%) and females (15%) have tattoos.
In fact, the tattoos are popular among all ____63____ groups, as documented by a 2011 Pew Research Center survey. The Pew research shows that in America, 36 percent of those aged 18 to 25, and 40 percent of those aged 26 to 40 have at least one tattoo. In July 2009, “tattoos” reached its highest ranking ever, coming in as the number two most ____64____ search term on the Internet.
Tattoos can be a sign of beauty or they can be used as a statement, to become empowered, to ____65____ something or someone, and to feel included. According to an article by Cate Lineberry in Smithsonian.com, humans have been tattooed for thousands of years. “These permanent designs — sometimes plain and simple, sometimes complicated, but always ____66____ — have served as amulets (护身符), status symbols, declarations of love, signs of religious beliefs, decorations and even forms of punishment,” she said.
Josh Schuhz, a student from University of Maryland, who has had 22 hours of tattoo work done, says he feels ____67____ by his tattoos. “Getting my tattoo was almost like ____68____ an important ceremony,” he said, “I’ve gotten work done almost everywhere I’ve traveled: Texas, New York, San Diego, Afghanistan and New Zealand. “Sehuhz’s tattoos are ____69____ by the work of spiritual and visual specialist artist Alex Grey.” I really love art, and Alex Grey’s work represents a(n) _____70_____ energy, an energy not seen by the eye,” Schuhz explained.
Exercise Science major Shelly Stemper from Yale said she got her tattoo as a way to _____71_____ with her older brother. “He’s nine years older than me, and we are fond of each other.” she said. “We decided to get tattoos together and had been looking for a tattoo that would be _____72_____ for both of us. Once, on a family trip to Denali National Park in Alaska, we saw wolves and I chose a wolf paw while my brother a wolf head as our tattoos because we love this animal and they reminds us of our _____73_____.”
More college students in America began to accept and even _____74_____ the art of tattooing. Tattoos are certain to be part of our culture for years to come, and due to the human desire to _____75_____ oneself, tattoos promise to grow in diversity.
61．A．injure B．protect C．highlight D．decorate
62．A．skill B．scale C．gender D．shape
63．A．age B．occupation C．status D．race
64．A．requested B．neglected C．endangered D．managed
65．A．refuse B．remember C．present D．transform
66．A．beautiful B．dissatisfying C．personal D．different
67．A．limited B．forced C．cultivated D．empowered
68．A．going through B．backing up C．fitting in D．calling for
69．A．encouraged B．fascinated C．financed D．inspired
70．A．distractive B．spiritual C．physical D．religious
71．A．bond B．begin C．communicate D．deal
72．A．essential B．sensible C．meaningful D．beneficial
73．A．childhood B．personality C．responsibility D．family
74．A．judge B．welcome C．examine D．forbid
75．A．express B．devote C．prove D．recover

Self-confidence: one’s belief that they can meet all the demands of a task. Some people are born with it, and everyone else is out of____76____, right? Wrong! Self-confidence is not something people are born with, like their height or hair color. It’s a skill that anyone can start____77____today.
One simple self-confidence builder is____78____ self-talk. What you say to yourself____79____how you feel about yourself. Telling yourself “I can’t do anything right” or asking “Why did I even try?” could ruin you. Instead, if you get a bad grade on a test, try saying “I’ll do better next time.” Rather than focusing on your failure,____80____ways that you can improve, and try again.
Another way to____81____your confidence is to believe in yourself. Studies show that believing you can do something can increase your chance of success. If you put in the work to learn how to do something, believe in your ability. Don’t let____82____steal your energy and motivation away.
One of the ugliest enemies of self-confidence is____83____ yourself to others. Thinking that you are better than other people won’t give you confidence.____84____, it will make you proud. And thinking you are worse than others won’t make you____85____; it will fill you with envy. Fight back by counting your blessings. Keep a journal and write down all the things that you’re____86____for.
Facing your fears is another way to build self-confidence. You might have a(n)____87____for public speaking. But how will you know if you never overcome your fears and try it? Even if you fail, leaving your____88____zone can make you stronger. Don’t let fear become an obstacle in your journey toward excellence!
Finally, showing kindness to others is a great way to build self-confidence. Showing kindness____89____you that you can make a difference in the world. When you make others feel good, you,____90____, feel good about yourself.
76．A．order B．luck C．curiosity D．habit
77．A．practicing B．displaying C．applying D．updating
78．A．addictive B．independent C．positive D．energetic
79．A．links B．stretches C．limits D．influences
80．A．involve B．identify C．ignore D．indicate
81．A．shake B．inspire C．restore D．share
82．A．concentration B．embarrassment C．enthusiasm D．doubt
83．A．comparing B．communicating C．proving D．exposing
84．A．Moreover B．Therefore C．However D．Instead
85．A．humble B．intelligent C．negative D．flexible
86．A．respectful B．grateful C．responsible D．regretful
87．A．talent B．anxiety C．mood D．occasion
88．A．danger B．occupation C．comfort D．safety
89．A．informs B．confirms C．promises D．reminds
90．A．in turn B．in person C．in all D．in addition

February is an exciting month for our Courageous Kitchen(CK)! One of our founders, Dwight Turner will be speaking at the press conference this week. The event is hosted by the Thailand Authority of Tourism(TAT).
Here’s a peek into TAT’s interview with Dwight, where he discusses starting Courageous Kitchen, and ____91____ his personal passion for food with his mission to feed and educate more children in Bangkok.
1. How did you start CK and what is your ____92____ ?
Courageous Kitchen began because I was looking for a way to ____93____ in my free time, but I didn’t know what to do. When a friend invited me to help teach English in a few poorer communities, I fell in love with it. Gradually I wanted to ____94____ more and more.
Later when I moved outside of the city center, we had space for a kitchen and I began to combine my two ____95____. Quickly we learned that the kitchen is a great classroom. Students who were shy about speaking English suddenly had ____96____, an application, and an urgency to speak in the kitchen. As their language skills improved, so did their ____97____.
2. Why do you use food as a medium to help you achieve your goals?
I love to eat and Bangkok is full of food and food enthusiasts. So it’s a great way to get people’s attention and bring them together for a ____98____. This is true even when it may seem like we don’t have anything ____99____. We may speak a different language, have different skin color, but when we sit at the table together, we share and learn about each other.
3. What do you think of Thai food? What makes Thai cuisine outstanding to you?
I love Thai food because of the _____100_____ of influences on the cuisine. There is such a significant Indian influence, the Chinese influence is probably the strongest, and there’s an interesting impact from the hill tribes and neighboring countries in the region as well.
4. Why are you interested in helping society, and helping underprivileged kids in Bangkok?
As a Black American I was raised with a strong sense of social _____101_____ that all people are valuable, and that all people should be treated equally. Until this becomes a(n) _____102_____, we have a lot of work to do to create a better future for today’s kids. That’s true all over the world, but trying to solve global problems can seem _____103_____. That’s why it’s best to start by being the change we want to see in our local communities.
5. As a nonprofit, what do you expect to get in return for you work?
As a nonprofit, my job is challenging but _____104_____ every day. It’s a challenge to captivate people’s attention long enough to sympathize with people in need, and convince them to take action. _____105_____, seeing students, who may have never been in a real restaurant before, imagining themselves as chefs, speaking English more confidently, and becoming leaders in their families is a pretty great reward.
91．A．challenging B．appealing C．encountering D．connecting
92．A．interest B．objective C．reason D．appetite
93．A．give back B．look out C．hang on D．break out
94．A．grab B．crush C．contribute D．insist
95．A．opinions B．experiences C．hobbies D．passions
96．A．situation B．context C．practice D．activity
97．A．relief B．belief C．confidence D．breath
98．A．union B．strategy C．gathering D．purpose
99．A．in mind B．in hand C．in common D．in pocket
100．A．liberation B．diversity C．freedom D．isolation
101．A．justice B．responsibility C．judgement D．shock
102．A．means B．reality C．interpretation D．argument
103．A．boring B．inviting C．overwhelming D．disappointing
104．A．appealing B．rewarding C．convincing D．pleasing
105．A．However B．Furthermore C．Consequently D．Therefore

Your Accomplishments and You
An interview requires that you show your qualifications, skills, and job experience. Discussing your accomplishments during an interview is a typical requirement and a great way to ____106____ yourself from other candidates. Your individual personal achievements tell the hiring managers what you value and allow your ____107____ to come through in unique ways. Personal achievements are a powerful source of information to discuss because they provide ____108____ and often quantifiable(可以计量的)information about your skills.
Tips for explaining your personal achievements
When explaining your personal achievements, it is best to give a(n) ____109____ that relates to your job performance, duties, or specific industry. Keep the following in mind when providing an employer with some quality examples of your own personal achievements:
Be specific. When discussing your personal accomplishments, be specific and give ____110____ information to help the interviewer ____111____ the importance of your achievement. You can consider using the STAR interview technique. STAR is an acronym that stands for situation, task, action, and result. It provides a framework for your ____112____ when you are asked about your achievement.
Use ____113____ verbs. The key here is to use language that shows your devotion rather than just telling them your ____114____ . You can consider saying something like, “I stayed late at work for three weeks and ____115____ 10 overtime hours to creating a campaign strategy that met all of our client’s requirements,” rather than, “I worked hard to come up with a campaign strategy.” These action verbs express your ____116____ to your job and can help an interviewer have a better understanding of your devotion to quality work.
Have an assertive(肯定的)tone. When explaining your personal achievements, be sure to make eye contact and speak ____117____ and directly. Having a(n) ____118____ tone will express confidence and show your strong communication skills. Include numbers and data when possible.
Prepare to explain your steps. A smart interviewer will probably have some ____119____ questions and want to further know about your process. Showing that you consistently take steps to ____120____ your skills is a characteristic of a growth mindset and shows a potential employer that you are a good candidate.
106．A．isolate B．distinguish C．choose D．keep
107．A．opponents B．candidates C．sufferings D．strengths
108．A．concrete B．subtle C．adequate D．unrealistic
109．A．presentation B．example C．speech D．list
110．A．latest B．limited C．detailed D．public
111．A．stress B．doubt C．acquire D．visualize
112．A．response B．employment C．experience D．discussion
113．A．beautiful B．regular C．special D．action
114．A．ambition B．requirement C．failures D．struggle
115．A．spared B．utilized C．wasted D．dedicated
116．A．key B．access C．commitment D．approach
117．A．freely B．eagerly C．quickly D．clearly
118．A．gentle B．positive C．warm D．deep
119．A．urgent B．key C．leading D．follow-up
120．A．demonstrate B．assess C．sharpen D．learn

Eating with families at table could prevent teenage girls from developing eating disorders.
New research ____121____ girls who regularly have family meals are much less ____122____ to adopt extreme weight control behaviours such as vomiting (呕吐), using laxatives (泻药) or diet pills.
A study surveying more than 2,500 American high school students ____123____ that girls who ate five or more family meals a week had a much healthier ____124____ with food in later life.
The research, published in international journal Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, polled students aged 13 to 17 in 1999 that were ____125____ up five years later. Regular family meals were found to have a protective effect regardless of the girls’ age, weight, socio-economic status, dieting ____126____ or relationship with her family.
Experts say doctors should ____127____ families to have dinner at the table instead of in front of the television to protect ____128____ serious eating disorders such as anorexia (厌食症) and bulimia (暴食症).
Belinda Dalton, director of eating disorders clinic The Oak house, said ____129____ with family helped “normalize” young people’s relationship with ____130____ .
“When young people are feeling that they’re helpless, they ____131____ something that they can control and food is something available and ____132____ for them to control. Clearly, if they’re sitting with their family on a regular basis then their family can be more in ____133____ of their eating,” Ms Dalton said.
“It’s about young people feeling ____134____ with their family and that builds self-esteem (自尊) and a sense of worth and that works very actively against someone developing an eating disorder.” An eating disorder expert, Kirsty Greenwood, said meal times were often difficult for ____135____ . “It’s typical that they feel very ashamed of their eating habits and often won’t eat with other people. Perhaps it’s because they haven’t experienced the importance of family meal in their growing up,” she said.
121．A．recommends B．explains C．argues D．shows
122．A．possibly B．likely C．probably D．hopefully
123．A．noticed B．realized C．researched D．found
124．A．relationship B．means C．hobby D．habit
125．A．approached B．followed C．kept D．held
126．A．manners B．behaviour C．habits D．patterns
127．A．encourage B．advocate C．advise D．persuade
128．A．against B．with C．about D．for
129．A．saying B．eating C．cooking D．tasting
130．A．interest B．vegetable C．work D．food
131．A．lead to B．turn to C．stick to D．belong to
132．A．accessible B．reasonable C．achievable D．possible
133．A．lack B．need C．control D．use
134．A．worried B．pleased C．concerned D．connected
135．A．girls B．victims C．sufferers D．casualties

There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of information about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green construction design strives to ____136____ others of its effectiveness and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners, such as those designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to use this knowledge on a ____137____ level.
Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a (n) ____138____ way, that doesn’t translate into a booming green construction industry. Likewise, the fact that plenty of architectural firms have experience in green design is not enough to make green construction ____139____. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact ____140____ the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be ____141____ into the design.
The commissioning (委任) process plays a key role in ____142____ the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. Owners who ____143____ the commissioning process, or fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so, often run into trouble once their building is up and running. Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfil their purpose adequately. ____144____, in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results. These factors in turn lead to higher ownership costs as well as increased environmental impact.
In some cases, an owner may be _____145_____ of the latest trends in green building design, which, however, does not necessarily lead to an interpretation that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and _____146_____ the ways that green design can meet the client’s objectives. In this way, he may turn a project originally not  _____147_____green design into a potential candidate.
Typically, when condiering whether or not to adopt a green _____148_____, an owner will ask about additional costs or return for investment. In a typical project, landscape architects, mechanical and electrical engineers are not involved until a much later stage. However, in green design, they have a role to play from they outset, since green design demands_____149_____between these disciplines, which requires additional cost. However, there are examples of green design which have demonstrated_____150_____costs for long-term operation, ownership and even construnction.
136．A．preserve B．convince C．exploit D．accuse
137．A．pracical B．measured C．tremendous D．theoretial
138．A．professional B．groundbreaking C．innovative D．sustainable
139．A．tap into experience B．live up to its name C．rise to fame D．come into being
140．A．refers to B．lies with C．races against D．calls on
141．A．knocked B．loaded C．factored D．stuffed
142．A．concluding B．stressing C．ensuring D．acknowledging
143．A．skip B．transport C．isolate D．cover
144．A．As a result B．On the contrary C．What’s more D．However
145．A．ignorant B．aware C．critical D．capable
146．A．promote B．perceive C．attribute D．impose
147．A．applited to B．anxious for C．destined for D．specific about
148．A．gesture B．approach C．origin D．patent
149．A．competition B．calculation C．cooperation D．distinction
150．A．increased B．extra C．fixed D．Lower










参考答案：

1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．C 11．C 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是基于挑战的学习方法的优点和对此进行的相关研究。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：接受挑战的学生往往不知道解决方案是什么。A. allow允许；B. introduce介绍；C. accept接受；D. expect期待。根据下文“often don’t know what the solution will be”可知，句子表示“接受挑战的学生往往不知道解决方案是什么”，空格处意为“接受”。故选C。
2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：立陶宛考纳斯理工大学的研究员Vilma Sukacke说:“引导者阻止他们过早地把注意力集中在解决方案上，并鼓励他们从多个角度、从不同的科学角度分析挑战。”A. carrying on继续；B. focusing on集中于；C. applying for申请；D. inquiring about询问。根据下文“encourages to analyze the challenge from multiple points of view, and from different scientific perspectives”可知，句子表示“引导者阻止他们过早地把注意力集中在解决方案上”。故选B。
3．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这种学习方法非常适合可持续发展教育，根据许多学者的说法，可持续发展教育需要一个情境化的、问题导向的、反思的、跨学科的、协作的、参与式的和赋权的学习环境。A. cares about关心；B. tells of讲述；C. turns to求助于；D. calls for要求。根据下文“a contextual, problem-oriented, reflective, interdisciplinary (跨学科), collaborative, participatory and empowered learning environment”可知，句子表示“根据许多学者的说法，可持续发展教育需要一个情境化的、问题导向的、反思的、跨学科的、协作的、参与式的和赋权的学习环境”。故选D。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，教育工作者必须从传统的以教师为中心的教育转变为以学生为中心的教育的教学设计师。A. shift转变；B. differ不同；C. suffer遭受；D. learn学习。根据下文“from more traditional teacher-centred education to becoming instructional designers of student-centred education”可知，句子表示“教育工作者必须从传统的以教师为中心的教育转变为以学生为中心的教育的教学设计师”。故选A。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了评估这些方法的有效性，一组来自立陶宛、丹麦、德国、葡萄牙和西班牙大学的研究人员进行了系统的文献综述，探索了三种主动学习方法，即根据ADDIE（分析、设计、开发、实现和评估）框架进行基于项目、问题和挑战的学习。A. outcome结果；B. efficiency效率；C. impact影响；D. value价值。根据下文“a group of researchers from Lithuanian, Danish, German, Portuguese and Spanish universities conducted a systematic literature review,_____6_____the three active learning methods, i.e.. project, problem and challenge-based learning according to the ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation) framework”可知，句子表示“为了评估这些方法的有效性，一组来自立陶宛、丹麦、德国、葡萄牙和西班牙大学的研究人员进行了系统的文献综述”。故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了评估这些方法的有效性，一组来自立陶宛、丹麦、德国、葡萄牙和西班牙大学的研究人员进行了系统的文献综述，探索了三种主动学习方法，即根据ADDIE（分析、设计、开发、实现和评估）框架进行基于项目、问题和挑战的学习。A. exploring探索；B. applying应用；C. modifying修改；D. explaining解释。根据下文“the three active learning methods”可知，此处表示“探索了三种主动学习方法”。故选A。
7．考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然教育工作者都认为基于问题的学习、基于项目的学习以及最近的基于挑战的学习在教授学生将技术整合到现实生活情境中并提高他们的横向技能（如团队合作、沟通和解决冲突）方面是有效的，但这些方法在课堂上的应用可能对双方都具有挑战性。A. Whether是否；B. As long as只要；C. Although虽然；D. Because因为。根据下文“the application of these methods in the classroom may be challenging for both sides”可知，句子表示“虽然教育工作者都认为基于问题的学习、基于项目的学习以及最近的基于挑战的学习在教授学生将技术整合到现实生活情境中并提高他们的横向技能（如团队合作、沟通和解决冲突）方面是有效的，但这些方法在课堂上的应用可能对双方都具有挑战性”，空格处意为“虽然”，是although，引导让步状语从句。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然教育工作者都认为基于问题的学习、基于项目的学习以及最近的基于挑战的学习在教授学生将技术整合到现实生活情境中并提高他们的横向技能（如团队合作、沟通和解决冲突）方面是有效的，但这些方法在课堂上的应用可能对双方都具有挑战性。A. develop发展；B. include包括；C. associate联系；D. integrate（使）合并。根据下文“technology in real-life situations and improving their transversal (横向) skills”可知，句子表示“将技术整合到现实生活情境中并提高他们的横向技能”。故选D。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我的实践中，我注意到有时学生会质疑创新的学习方法，并将其视为一种游戏。A. approving批准；B. questioning质疑；C. preventing阻止；D. adopting采用。根据下文“considering them as a sort of a game”可知，句子表示“有时学生会质疑创新的学习方法”。故选B。
10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：由于这些课程通常是在一个充满游戏的环境中进行的，充满了不同的铅笔，彩色的笔记和积木，学生很难把它们当回事。A. affectionately亲切地；B. calmly平静地；C. seriously认真地；D. coolly冷静地。根据上文“these classes often take place in a play full environment, full of different pencils, colorful notes and building blocks”可知，句子表示“由于这些课程通常是在一个充满游戏的环境中进行的，充满了不同的铅笔，彩色的笔记和积木，学生很难把它们当回事”，take sth. seriously意为“认真对待某事”。故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，将方法和目标清楚地传达给学习者是非常重要的。A. transfer转移；B. change改变；C. communicate传达，传递；D. express表达。根据下文“the methods and the goals to the learners very clearly”可知，此处表示“将方法和目标清楚地传达给学习者”。故选C。
12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，这种努力是有回报的，尤其是当学生们继续在校外活动，专注于解决真正的社会问题时。A. pays off得到回报；B. goes away走开；C. gives off发出；D. breaks down出故障。根据上文“According to her, to successfully apply unconventional teaching methods is a challenge for a beginning teacher. However”和however表转折可知，此处表示“然而，这种努力是有回报的，尤其是当学生们继续在校外活动，专注于解决真正的社会问题时”。故选A。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这种努力是有回报的，尤其是当学生们继续在校外活动，专注于解决真正的社会问题时。A. subjective主观的；B. real真正的；C. imaginary虚构的；D. virtual虚拟的。根据下文“social problems”可知，此处表示“解决真正的社会问题”。故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究者认为，CBL、PJBL和PBL的实现需要范式转变，组织、员工和学生改变对教育和学习的看法。A. combination结合；B. organization组织；C. realization实现；D. cooperation合作。根据下文“of CBL, PJBL, and PBL requires a paradigm (范式) shift, where organization, staff and students change their view to education and learning”可知，CBL、PJBL和PBL的实现需要范式转变，故选C。
15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这个过程中，老师和学生都需要应用新的技能，承担他们以前可能不需要的角色。A. take on承担；B. put away放好；C. send for派人去叫；D. deal with处理。根据下文“roles that they might not have needed before”可知，此处表示“承担他们以前可能不需要的角色”。故选A。

16．A 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．C 21．D 22．B 23．C 24．C 25．D 26．A 27．B 28．A 29．D 30．C

【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章就目前热议的人工智能生成技术展开了报导，指出人工智能生成技术日渐兴起，其生成的图像等内容破坏着信息生态系统，增加了人们识别真假的难度，并可能会造成误用，而相关的机构正在采取措施规避这一风险，也许立法者有必要介入。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些事情实际上都没有发生，但这种人工智能生成的图像确实在过去一周在网上疯传。A. images图像；B. dream梦想；C. article文章；D. imagination想象。根据上文“Pope (罗马教皇) Francis wearing a massive, loose and white puffer coat. Elon Musk walking hand-in-hand with rival GM CEO Mary Barra.”以及下文反复提及的images可知，网络上传播的是这些人工智能生成的图像。故选A。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种情况表明了一种新的网络现实：新一代人工智能工具的兴起，使得制作逼真的图像、音频和视频比以往任何时候都更便宜、更容易。A. rise兴起；B. emphasis重点；C. innovation创新；D. population人口。根据句中“made it cheaper and easier than ever to create realistic images”可推知，制作逼真的图像变得更便宜、更容易的前提条件是工具和技术的兴起。故选A。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然这些人工智能工具可能使表达创造力的新手段成为可能，但基于计算机生成的传媒也可能进一步污染信息生态系统。A. rob抢劫；B. pollute污染；C. fire射击；D. reverse逆转。根据下文“the challenges for users, news organizations and social media platforms to tell what’s real”和“There are also concerns that Al-generated images could be misused.”可知，这种人工智能工具会涉及多方辨别真实情况的挑战，而且生成的图像有可能会被误用，所以应该是会污染信息生态系统。故选B。
19．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这会增加用户、新闻机构和社交媒体平台辨别真实情况的挑战。A. getting rid of摆脱；B. coming up with想起；C. adding to增加；D. accounting for导致。根据句中“to tell what’s real”并结合常识可推知，人工智能生成的图片可以以假乱真，所以会增加识别真假的挑战。故选C。
20．考查副词词义辨析。句意：人工智能伙伴关系组织的人工智能和媒体完整性主管Claire Leibowicz表示，与人工智能生成的文本相比，图像在激发人们的情绪方面尤其强大。A. equally同样地；B. necessarily必要地；C. especially尤其；D. nearly几乎。根据下文“That can make it harder for people to slow down”可知，人工智能生成的图像让人们更难停下来，所以这里在强调它对人们情绪的影响尤其强大。故选C。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这可能会让人们更难放慢脚步，评估他们看到的是真的还是假的。A. underestimate低估；B. overstate夸大；C. refer提到；D. evaluate评估。根据上文“for users, news organizations and social media platforms to tell what’s real”可知，人们评估图像真假的难度加大了。故选D。
22．考查固定短语辨析。句意：更重要的是，坏人最终可能会试图制造大量虚假内容，以迷惑互联网用户并引发某些行为。A. As you know正如你所知；B. What’s more更重要的是；C. On the other hand另一方面；D. To put it short简而言之。根据句中“bad guys could eventually attempt to create fake content in quantity in order to confuse Internet users and provoke certain behaviors”可知，这里是对人工智能生成图像技术的负面影响的进一步说明，比上一句的影响更严重，所以B项What’s more符合语境。故选B。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：计算机生成的图像技术近年来发展迅速，从PS出来的一条鲨鱼在被水淹没的高速公路上游泳的图像，到四年前开始大量制作大多数令人难以置信的人物照片的网站。A. unachievable不可实现的；B. unbiased公正的；C. unconvincing令人难以信服的；D. uncomfortable令人不舒服的。根据上文“Pope (罗马教皇) Francis wearing a massive, loose and white puffer coat. Elon Musk walking hand-in-hand with rival GM CEO Mary Barra. None of these things actually happened”可知，这些图像往往是突破现实情况，令人难以置信的。故选C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：平台、人工智能技术公司和行业团体都要求提高计算机生成内容时的透明度。A. efforts努力；B. cases案例；C. demands要求；D. resources资源。根据句中“to improve the transparency when a piece of content is generated by a computer”可知，这些相关机构都对人工智能生成的内容的透明性设置了要求。故选C。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：包括Meta的Facebook和Instagram、Twitter和YouTube在内的平台都有限制甚至禁止分享可能误导用户的媒体的政策。A. hacking非法侵入；B. urging敦促；C. publicizing宣传；D. prohibiting阻止。根据空前“restricting or even”可知，空处的行为更进一步地严格管理人工智能生成的内容的分享，所以D项prohibiting符合语境。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着人工智能技术的使用增多，即使是这样的政策也可能会破坏用户的信任。A. ruin破坏；B. cease终止；C. rebuild重建；D. replace替代。根据下文“If, for example, a fake image accidentally slipped through a platform’s detection system, it could give people false confidence.”可知，假的图像有可能会逃过平台的检测系统，骗取用户的信任，所以这些政策并不能完全规避这样的风险，仍有可能会破坏用户的信任。故选A。
27．考查固定短语辨析。句意：技术解决方案的工作也在进行中，例如，在人工智能生成的图像上加水印，或者在图像的元数据中包含透明标签，这样任何在互联网上观看它的人都能知道它是由计算机创造的。A. in fact事实上；B. for example例如；C. above all首先；D. in short总之。根据下文“watermark an AI-generated image or include a transparent label in an image’s metadata”可知，加水印、加透明性标签都是技术解决方案的具体事例，所以是在举例子说明。故选B。
28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Leibowicz说：“所有这些机构都致力于信息披露和透明度。”A. committed to致力于；B. credited to归功于；C. mixed about混淆；D. worried about担忧。根据上文“Work is also underway on technical solutions”可知，所有相关的机构都在努力解决这一问题，所以是致力于保证人工智能生成的内容的信息披露和透明度。故选A。
29．考查动词短语辨析。句意：包括Musk和苹果联合创始人Steve Wozniak在内的一群科技领袖本周写了一封公开信，呼吁人工智能实验室至少在六个月内停止训练最强大的人工智能系统，理由是“对社会和人类构成严重风险”。A. counting on依赖；B. waiting on焦急地等待；C. arranging for安排；D. calling for呼吁。根据句中“to stop the training of the most powerful AI systems”和常识可知，科技领袖写公开信是利用自己的影响力呼吁放缓人工智能系统的训练进度。故选D。
30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，目前尚不清楚是否有实验室会采取这样的措施。A. Namely也就是；B. Oddly奇怪地；C. Still尽管如此；D. Therefore因此。根据句中“it’s not clear whether any labs will take such a step”可知，虽然科技领袖写了公开信进行呼吁，但相关实验室是否会切实执行我们不得而知，前后是转折关系。故选C。

31．C 32．D 33．D 34．B 35．B 36．A 37．C 38．D 39．C 40．C 41．D 42．D 43．A 44．C 45．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类舌头对酸这种味道的反应和形成过程。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种感觉并不局限于你的舌头。A. challenge挑战；B. panic惊慌；C. sensation感觉；D. impression印象；根据第2空“An especially sour bite has a way of making your entire face____ into a look of discomfort”（特别酸的一口会让你的整个脸都变得不舒服）可知，这种感觉不仅停留在舌头，而是延伸到了脸上，故选C。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：特别酸的味道会让你的整张脸皱成一团，看起来很不舒服。A. adjust调整；B. perceive感知；C. react反应；D. contract使收缩、与……订立合同；根据第5空“your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science”（据《生活科学》报道，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应）和常识可知，吃到特别酸的东西，脸部会收缩，即扭曲，故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意： 当你在Sour Patch Kids上舔柠檬或零食时，如果你的嘴忍不住撅起，你可以感谢进化。A. decline拒绝；B. insist坚持；C. persist坚持；D. resist抵抗；根据第5空“your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science”（据《生活科学》报道，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应）可知，此处指的是排斥行为，忍不住产生某种反应，can’t resist“忍不住做”，故选D。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你的口腔检测到这种酸的迹象时，它会以一种戏剧性的方式让你知道。A. distinguishes辨别；B. detects发现、侦查；C. identifies识别；D. encounters遭遇；根据“排斥反应”可知，此处指的是机体的一种监测机制，与语境最贴合，故选B。
35．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：据《生活科学》报道，你的味觉受体会发活跃起来，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应。A. take up占据；B. light up点亮；变快活；C. get across使理解；D. bring down减少、击落；根据“排斥反应”可知，人的某种机体在受到某种刺激后立即活跃起来，开展工作，保护机体免受伤害，故选B。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的舌头对苦味或辛辣食物的反应也是排斥反应。A. responses回应；反应；B. impairments损害；C. preferences偏好；D. guarantees保证；据第5空“your face twists involuntarily in what’s known as a rejection response, according to Live Science”（据《生活科学》报道，脸会不由自主地扭曲，这就是所谓的排斥反应）以及“as well”可知，此处指的也是排斥反应，故选A。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自然界中发现的许多具有这些味道的植物都是有毒的，而你身体的强烈反应是保护你免受伤害的方式。A. bitterness苦；B. declines拒绝；C. flavors味道；D. textures质地；根据第6空“Your tongue’s reactions to bitter or spicy foods are rejection responses as well.”（你的舌头对苦味或辛辣食物的反应也是排斥反应）可知，此处指的是苦和辣这两种味道，故选C。
38．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：酸味自然存在在柑橘类的水果中，但在许多情况下，它是食源性疾病得一种警示。A. puts up搭建、张贴；B. picks up捡起；C. stays up熬夜；D. shows up露面；根据语境，此处指的是柑橘类水果含有酸味，此处用拟人手法，指酸味在水果中出现，故选D。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：变质的水果和乳制品含有酸，这也会使它们有酸味。A. ripe成熟的；B. raw生的；C. spoiled宠坏的、变质的；D. purchased购买的；根据前句“Sourness shows up naturally in fruits like citrus, but it can be a warning of food-borne illness in many cases”（酸味自然存在在柑橘类的水果中，但在许多情况下，它是食源性疾病得一种警示）可知，此处指酸味的警示作用，根据常识可知，一般变质的水果是酸的，故选C。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们的早期人类祖先在寻找食物时，一个突然的痛苦表情可能传达了这样的信息：那个人放进嘴里的东西不好吃。A. proved证明；B. confessed坦白；C. communicated交流、传达；D. displayed展示；根据前句“This reaction isn’t necessarily enough to help someone who has already taken a bite of a bad apple, but it may protect the people they’re with”（这种反应并不一定能帮助那些已经吃了一口坏苹果的人，但它会保护和他们在一起的人）可知，此处指的是向他人传达信息的功能，故选C。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对酸味的反应有助于早期人类避免生病，但这并不能阻止我们今天吃这种食物。A. salty咸的；B. bitter苦的；C. spicy辣的；D. sour酸的；纵观上文可知，文章谈论的是对人类对酸味的反应，故选D。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种味道十分受欢迎，整个糖果市场都在致力于将其最大化地应用于加工产品中。A. ceased停止；B. deserved值得；C. desired渴望；D. devoted奉献；根据前句“这种味道十分受欢迎”以及市场的逐利特性可知，整个糖果市场都在致力于将其最大化地应用于加工产品中，be devoted to doing“致力于做”，故选D。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：答案是后天获得的味道口味。A. acquired已获得的；后天获得的；B. born出生的；C. gained获得（动词）；D. undeveloped欠发达的；根据后句“Humans don’t naturally desire bitter, spicy, or sour foods, but foods with these characteristics are important components of a nutritious diet.”（人类并不是天生就渴望苦、辣或酸的食物，但具有这些特征的食物是营养饮食的重要组成部分。）可知，这种味道是人类的后天习得的，故选A。
44．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：我们不是从一出生就喜欢这些味道，而是习惯于通过反复接触来享受它们。A. apart from除了；B. thanks to多亏、由于；C. instead of代替、而不是；D. regardless of不管；根据前半句“人类天生不喜欢苦、辣或酸的食物”可知，这不是从人类出生就爱的味道，而是习惯于通过反复接触来享受它们，故选C。
45．考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过同龄人和家人对味道的熟悉，人类逐渐了解哪些酸（苦、辣）食物是健康的，哪些可能有害。A. gradually逐渐地；B. faithfully忠诚地；C. barely仅仅、几乎没有；D. respectively分别、各自；根据第14题可知，这种改变通过反复接触、逐渐形成的过程，故选A。

46．D 47．B 48．C 49．A 50．D 51．D 52．C 53．B 54．B 55．D 56．A 57．B 58．C 59．C 60．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了3D打印机的使用现状及未来的发展方向。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，现在业余爱好者可以在家里制作非工业产品，许多人甚至在网上兼职销售他们的产品。A. appealing有吸引力的；B. delicate精美的；C. artificial人造的；D. nonindustrial非工业的。根据前文“though its main uses are in industries like manufacturing, prototyping, construction and medicine. ”可知，3D打印机主要用途是在制造业、原型制造业、建筑业和医药业上，however表示前后句内容的转折，可推断出业余爱好者可以在家制造的是非工业产品。故选D项。
47．考查介词短语辨析。句意：3D打印机在新冠肺炎疫情高峰期也是一个关键工具，当时个人保护装备供应不足。A. by means通过……的方式；B. at the height在高峰期；C. in terms根据；D. regardless不管。根据下文“when PPE was in short supply”可知，当时个人保护装备供应不足可推断出在疫情高峰期的时候才会产生这样的状况。故选B项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：医院依靠3D打印机为员工提供长袍、口罩和呼吸器，并为呼吸机制造零件。A. reflected反映；B. switched改变；C. relied依赖；D. intended打算。根据后文“3D printers to supply their staff with gowns, masks and respirators, as well as to create parts for ventilators”可知，3D打印机在那时起到了很重要的作用，推断出医院是依靠3D打印机制造它们需要的产品。故选C项。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名西雅图高中生甚至在家里用3D打印机经营口罩工厂。A. ran经营；B. attached附属于；C. rolled翻滚；D. spun快速旋转。根据后文“ a mask factory”根据常识可知，工厂是需要经营的。故选A项。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，随着科学家能够通过3D打印制造假肢和植入物，医学的进步可以说是最令人兴奋的。A. tendencies趋势；B. implications牵涉；C. situations情况；D. advances进步。根据前文“Now, with scientists able to create prosthetics (假肢) and implants via 3D printing,”可知，科学家可以用3D打印机制造假肢和植入物，推断出这是一种医学的进步。故选D项。
51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们还可以从人体中的干细胞、胶原蛋白和称为纤维蛋白的结构蛋白中制造遗传的身体部位，如耳朵；这一过程被称为生物打印，尽管其中大部分仍处于测试阶段。A. manned需人操纵的；B. actual实际的；C. spotless极清洁的；D. genetic遗传的。根据后文“body parts like ears”可知，3D打印技术还能打印人的身体的某个部分，根据常识，人身体的部分是遗传的。故选D项。
52．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，研究人员可以用3D打印机制作的组织轻松、合乎道德地测试药物。A. Contrarily反之；B. Precisely准确地；C. Additionally此外；D. Imaginably想象得出的是。根据后文“researchers can test pharmaceuticals easily and ethically with tissue created from 3D printers. ”研究者用3D打印机制作的组织进行药物测试，继续阐述3D打印机的作用，additionally意为“此外”，表示话题的转换。故选C项。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在未来，设计师和爱好者可能不会问“3D打印机是如何工作的？”因为3D打印机很可能会在我们的日常生活中交织在一起。A. advanced先进的；B. interwoven交织的；C. intermediate中间的；D. novel新奇的。根据后文“Today, kids are being taught about 3D printing in elementary school, and many local libraries currently have the machines available, as do stores like UPS and Staples.”可知，如今，孩子们在小学学习3D打印，许多当地图书馆目前都有这种机器，UPS和Staples等商店也有。推断出3D打印技术已经和我们的生活交织在一起。故选B项。
54．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老实说，这些可能性适用于航空航天、电子、医疗、能源和汽车行业，3D打印机将成为更重要的工具。A. endless无尽的；B. applicable可应用的；C. limited有限的；D. stuck卡住的。根据后文“where 3D printers will become even more vital tools”可知，3D打印机将成为更重要的工具在这些领域都能够成为重要的工具，推断出3D打印机有可能适用于航空航天、电子、医疗、能源和汽车行业。故选B项。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然这在汽车方面很方便，可以为买家定制，但在医疗领域更为重要。A. automotive汽车的；B. industrial工业的；C. manufacturing制造业的；D. medical医药的。根据后文“Although we’re still probably 10 to 15 years away from 3D printed organs like kidneys”可知，尽管我们离肾脏等3D打印器官可能还有10到15年的时间，说明前文所说的更重要的领域是医药领域。故选D项。
56．考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管我们离肾脏等3D打印器官可能还有10到15年的时间，但这一科学进步肯定即将到来。A. on the horizon将要发生；B. in the mind在头脑中；C. in the course在……过程中；D. at present目前。Although表示前后句句意的转折，虽然3D打印器官可能还有10到15年的时间，但是这段时间过后这一科学进步就会到来。故选A项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：考虑一下太空的机会，国防和航空航天3D打印市场预计到2026年将达到580亿。A. transfer转移；B. consider考虑；C. illustrate说明；D. overlook忽视。根据后文“where the defense and aerospace 3D printing market is expected to reach $ 5. 58 billion by 2026.”可知，国防和航空航天3D打印市场预计到2026年将达到580亿，推断出这是一个值得考虑的在太空的发展机会。故选B项。
58．考查介词短语辨析。句意：未来，3D打印可以让宇航员在太空中按需创作物体，从而改变太空探索和太空旅游。A. in supply供应中；B. in stock有货；C. on demand按要求；D. under control得到控制。根据后文“Imagine a future in which buildings and food are created in space!”可知，建筑和食物在未来可以在太空中被创造，推断出宇航员可以按照自己的需求创造所需的物品。故选C项。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们正处于制造业时代的十字路口，”波瑞尔说，“我相信这可能会产生与信息时代相当的影响。”A. center中心；B. doorway门道；C. crossroads十字路口；D. destination目的地。根据前文“When will you be able to print nearly anything at home?”可知，说明我们由原来的批量生产转变为自己在家制造产品时，说明这是制造行业的制造方式的转变，crossroads意为“十字路口”也就是转折点，符合句意。故选C项。
60．考查非谓语动词短语辨析。句意：我们正在到达那里。“我们正处于制造业时代的十字路口，”波瑞尔说，“我相信这可能会产生与信息时代相当的影响。”A. comparable to可比拟的；B. based on以……为基础；C. absent from缺席；D. proportional to与……成比例。根据常识可知，信息时代给人类的各个方面带来深远的影响，推断出3D打印技术也是具有同样可比拟的深远意义。故选A项。

61．D 62．C 63．A 64．A 65．B 66．C 67．D 68．A 69．D 70．B 71．A 72．C 73．D 74．B 75．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了越来越多的美国大学生开始接受甚至欢迎纹身艺术。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们装饰学生的肩膀、背部、手臂、腿、脚，甚至脚趾。A. injure受伤；B. protect保护；C. highlight强调；D. decorate装饰。根据上文“Tattoos are enjoying a great popularity”以及常识可知，纹身是用来装饰身体部位的。故选D项。
62．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在性别领域，男性（16%）和女性（15%）纹身的比例几乎相等。A. skill技能；B. scale天平，秤；C. gender性别； D. shape形状。根据下文“males (16%) and females (15%)”可知，在性别领域。故选C项。
63．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，皮尤研究中心2011年的一项调查显示，纹身在所有年龄段的人中都很流行。A. age年龄；B. occupation职业；C. status地位； D. race比赛。根据下文“The Pew research shows that in America, 36 percent of those aged 18 to 25, and 40 percent of those aged 26 to 40 have at least one tattoo. ”可知，纹身在所有年龄段的人中都很流行。故选A项。
64．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2009年7月，“纹身”达到了有史以来的最高排名，成为互联网上被要求的（最受欢迎的）搜索词第二名。A. requested被要求的；B. neglected被忽略的；C. endangered濒危的；D. managed设法，管理。根据上文“reached its highest ranking ever”可知，成为成为互联网上被要求的（最受欢迎的）搜索词第二名。故选A项。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：纹身可以是美丽的标志，也可以作为一种声明，成为一种力量，记住某事或某人，并感到被包容。A. refuse拒绝；B. remember记得；C. present提出；D. transform变形。根据上文“be used as a statement, to become empowered”以及常识可知，纹身可以是美丽的标志，也可以作为一种声明，成为一种力量，记住某事或某人，并感到被包容。故选B项。
66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些永久性的设计——有时简单明了，有时复杂，但总是个性化的——起到了护身符的作用(护身符), 地位象征、爱情宣言、宗教信仰标志、装饰，甚至惩罚形式。A. beautiful漂亮的；B. dissatisfying不令人满意的；C. personal个人的；D. different不同的。根据常识可知，纹身有个性化的特点。故选C项。
67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：马里兰大学的学生Josh Schuhz已经完成了22个小时的纹身工作，他说自己的纹身让他感到有力量。A. limited限制；B. forced强迫；C. cultivated培养；D. empowered授权；给（某人）…的权力。根据上文“empowered”可知，他说自己的纹身让他感到有力量。故选D项。
68．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“纹身就像参加一个重要的仪式，我几乎在我去过的每一个地方都完成了工作：得克萨斯州、纽约州、圣地亚哥、阿富汗和新西兰。A. going through经历；B. backing up支持；C. fitting in适应；D. calling for要求。根据下文“an important ceremony”可知，纹身就像参加一个重要的仪式。故选A项。
69．考查动词词义辨析。句意：休兹的纹身灵感来自精神和视觉专家艺术家亚历克斯·格雷的作品。A. encouraged鼓励；B. fascinated入迷；C. financed 提供资金；D. inspired鼓励。根据下文“I really love art, and Alex Grey’s work represents a(n)  ____10____  energy, an energy not seen by the eye,” Schuhz explained.”可知，休兹的纹身灵感来自精神和视觉专家艺术家亚历克斯·格雷的作品。故选D项。
70．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我真的很喜欢艺术，Alex Grey的作品代表了一种精神能量，一种肉眼看不到的能量。A. distractive分散注意力的；B. spiritual精神的；C. physical身体上的；D. religious宗教的。根据上文“the work of spiritual”可知，Alex Grey的作品代表了一种精神能量。故选B项。
71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：耶鲁大学运动科学专业的Shelly Stemper说，她纹身是为了与哥哥建立联系。A. bond联系；B. begin开始；C. communicate 交流；D. deal处理。根据下文“He’s nine years older than me, and we are fond of each other.” she said. “We decided to get tattoos together”可知，她纹身是为了与哥哥建立联系。故选A项。
72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们决定一起纹身，并一直在寻找一个对我们俩都有意义的纹身。A. essential重要的；B. sensible明智的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. beneficial有益处的。根据下文“we saw wolves and I chose a wolf paw while my brother a wolf head as our tattoos because we love this animal”可知，我们决定一起纹身，并一直在寻找一个对我们俩都有意义的纹身。故选C项。
73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一次，在阿拉斯加德纳利国家公园的一次家庭旅行中，我们看到了狼，我选择了一只狼爪作为纹身，而我哥哥选择了一个狼头作为纹身，因为我们喜欢这种动物，它们让我们想起了我们的家人。A. childhood童年；B. personality个性；C. responsibility责任；D. family家庭，家人。根据上文“on a family trip”可知，卫生让我们想起了我们的家人。故选D项。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：越来越多的美国大学生开始接受甚至欢迎纹身艺术。A. judge判断；B. welcome欢迎；C. examine 检查；D. forbid禁止。根据上文“Tattoos are enjoying a great popularity among college students in America.”可知，越来越多的美国大学生开始接受甚至欢迎纹身艺术。故选B项。
75．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在未来的岁月里，纹身肯定会成为我们文化的一部分，由于人类表达自我的欲望，纹身有望变得多样化。A. express表达；B. devote致力于；C. prove 证明；D.recover恢复。根据下文“tattoos promise to grow in diversity.”以及常识可知，纹身是表达自我欲望的一种形式。故选A项。

76．B 77．A 78．C 79．D 80．B 81．B 82．D 83．A 84．D 85．A 86．B 87．B 88．C 89．D 90．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了任何人都可以通过练习建立自信，介绍了一些建立自信的方法。
76．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有些人天生就有，其他人就没那么幸运了，对吧？A. order订单；B. luck运气；C. curiosity好奇心；D. habit习惯。根据上文“Some people are born with it, and everyone else is out of”可知，有些人天生有自信，而其他人则没那么幸运，短语out of luck表示“运气不好”。故选B。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一项任何人都可以从今天开始练习的技能。A. practicing练习；B. displaying展示；C. applying应用；D. updating更新。根据上文“It’s a skill that anyone can start”以及后文介绍了增强自信的技巧，可知这是一项任何人都可以从今天开始练习的技能。故选A。
78．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个简单的自信建立者是积极的自我对话。A. addictive成瘾的；B. independent独立的；C. positive积极的；D. energetic精力充沛的。根据后文“I’ll do better next time.(下次我会做得更好)”可知，此处指积极的自我对话。故选C。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你对自己说的话会影响你对自己的感觉。A. links连接；B. stretches伸展；C. limits限制；D. influences影响。根据后文“Telling yourself “I can’t do anything right” or asking “Why did I even try?” could ruin you.( 告诉自己“我什么都做不好”，或者问自己“我为什么要尝试？”可能会毁了你)”可知，你对自己说的话会影响你对自己的感觉。故选D。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与其专注于你的失败，不如发现你可以改进的地方，然后再试一次。A. involve涉及；B. identify发现，识别；C. ignore忽视；D. indicate表明。根据后文“ways that you can improve, and try again”可知，指发现可以改进的地方，然后再试一次。故选B。
81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一种激发自信的方法是相信自己。A. shake摇晃；B. inspire鼓舞，激励；C. restore恢复；D. share分享。根据后文“your confidence is to believe in yourself”可知，此处在介绍激发自信的方法，故选B。
82．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要让怀疑偷走你的能量和动力。A. concentration专心；B. embarrassment尴尬；C. enthusiasm热情；D. doubt怀疑。根据后文“steal your energy”可知，怀疑会偷走能量和动力，要相信自我。故选D。
83．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自信最丑陋的敌人之一就是把自己和别人比较。A. comparing比较；B. communicating交流；C. proving证明；D. exposing暴露。根据后文“Thinking that you are better than other people won’t give you confidence.(认为自己比别人好不会给你信心)”可知，此处指和别人比较。故选A。
84．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，它会让你感到骄傲。A. Moreover此外；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Instead相反。根据后文“it will make you proud”可知，认为自己比别人好不会给你信心，相反，它会让你感到骄傲。故选D。
85．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：认为自己比别人差不会让你变得谦虚；这会让你充满嫉妒。A. humble谦虚的；B. intelligent聪明的；C. negative消极的；D. flexible灵活的。根据上文“And thinking you are worse than others won’t make you”可知，认为自己比别人差不会让你变得谦虚；这会让你充满嫉妒。故选A。
86．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：坚持写日记，写下所有让你感恩的事情。A. respectful尊敬的；B. grateful感激的；C. responsible负责的；D. regretful后悔的。根据上文“Fight back by counting your blessings.(通过珍惜你的幸福来反击)”可知是写下所有让你感恩的事情。故选B。
87．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可能会对公开演讲感到焦虑。A. talent才能；B. anxiety焦虑；C. mood情绪；D. occasion时刻。根据后文“But how will you know if you never overcome your fears and try it?( 但如果你从未克服恐惧并尝试过，你怎么知道呢？)”可知，but表示转折，故本句是在说明对公开演讲感到焦虑。故选B。
88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使你失败了，离开你的舒适区也能让你变得更强大。A. danger危险；B. occupation职业；C. comfort安慰；D. safety安全。上文“Facing your fears”提到了要面对恐惧，即勇于尝试，走出舒适区。故选C。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：表达善意提醒你，你可以改变世界。A. informs通知；B. confirms确认；C. promises承诺；D. reminds提醒。根据后文“you that you can make a difference in the world”可知，表达善意提醒你，你可以改变世界。故选D。
90．考查介词短语辨析。句意：当你让别人感觉良好时，反过来你也会自我感觉良好。A. in turn反过来；B. in person亲自；C. in all总之；D. in addition此外。根据后文“feel good about yourself”可知，让别人感觉良好时，反过来你也会自我感觉良好。故选A。

91．D 92．B 93．A 94．C 95．D 96．B 97．C 98．D 99．C 100．B 101．A 102．B 103．C 104．B 105．A

【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章是泰国旅游局对Dwight的采访记录，Dwight成功创办了“勇敢厨房”，将他个人对食物的爱好与他在曼谷为更多孩子提供食物和教育的使命联系起来。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：以下是泰国旅游局对Dwight的采访，他在采访中谈到了创办“勇敢厨房”，并将他个人对食物的爱好与他在曼谷为更多孩子提供食物和教育的使命联系起来。A. challenging挑战；B. appealing呼吁，有吸引力；C. encountering遭遇；D. connecting联结，联系。根据语境和后文“his personal passion for food with his mission to feed and educate more children”及后文“Later when I moved outside of the city center, we had space for a kitchen and I began to combine my two 　　5　　.”可知，他将他个人对食物的爱好，以及他养活和教育更多孩子的使命联系起来。故选D项。
92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你是如何创办CK并且你的目标是什么？A. interest兴趣；B. objective目的，目标；C. reason理由，原因。D. appetite欲望，爱好。根据后文“Courageous Kitchen began because I was looking for a way to 　　3　　 in my free time, but I didn’t know what to do.”可知，此处问的是Dwight的目标。故选B项。
93．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“勇敢厨房”之所以成立，是因为我想在空闲时间找到一种回馈社会的方式，但我不知道该怎么做。A. give back归还；B. look out当心；C. hang on抓紧不放，不要挂断，D. break out爆发。根据语境和前文“Courageous Kitchen began”及后文“4. Why are you interested in helping society, and helping underprivileged kids in Bangkok?”可知，Dwight想要回馈社会所以创办“勇敢厨房”。故选A项。
94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，我想为社会做更多贡献。A. grab抓住；B. crush压碎；C. contribute贡献；D. insist坚决要求。根据前文“When a friend invited me to help teach English in a few poorer communities, I fell in love with it.”和后文“4. Why are you interested in helping society, and helping underprivileged kids in Bangkok?”可知，Dwight想为社会做更多贡献。故选C项。
95．考查名词词义辨析。句意：后来，当我搬到市中心以外的地方时，我们有了一个厨房的空间，我开始把我的两个爱好结合起来。A. opinions意见；B. experiences经验；C. hobbies业余爱好，嗜好；D. passions激情，狂热的爱。根据前文“and 　　1　　 his personal passion for food with his mission to feed and educate more children”及后文“Quickly we learned that the kitchen is a great classroom.”可知，Dwight把个人对食物的热爱和对孩子们的热爱结合起来。hobby“业余爱好，嗜好”不符合句意。故选D项。
96．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那些羞于说英语的学生突然有了语境，有了应用，有了在厨房说话的紧迫感。A. situation形式；B. context语境；C. practice练习；D. activity活动。根据前文“Students who were shy about speaking English”及后文“an urgency to speak in the kitchen”可知，羞于说英语的学生在厨房不得不使用英语，这样学生就有了说英语的语言环境。故选B项。
97．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着他们语言技能的提高，他们的信心也在增强。A. relief宽慰；B. belief信念；C. confidence信心；D. breath呼吸。根据语境和前文“As their language skills improved”可知，随着语言技能的提高，孩子们的信心也在增强。故选C项。
98．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，这是一个吸引人们注意力并将他们聚集在一起聚会的好方法。A. union协会，联盟；B. strategy策略；C. gathering聚集，聚会；D. purpose目的，意图。根据前文“So it’s a great way to get people’s attention and bring them together”可知，此处指让人们聚集在一起。故选D项。
99．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：这是真的，即使看起来我们没有任何共同之处。A. in mind在心里；B. in hand在手头；C. in common共有的，有共同点的；D. in pocket在掌握之中。根据后文“We may speak a different language, have different skin color”可知，这些人看起来没有什么共同之处。故选C项。
100．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢泰国菜，因为它的烹饪受到了多样性的影响。A. liberation解放；B. diversity差异，多样性；C. freedom自由；D. isolation隔离。根据后文“There is such a significant Indian influence, the Chinese influence is probably the strongest, and there’s an interesting impact from the hill tribes and neighboring countries in the region as well.”可知，泰国菜受到多样性的影响。故选B项。
101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名美国黑人，我从小就被灌输了强烈的社会正义感，即所有人都是有价值的，所有人都应该得到平等对待。A. justice公平，正义；B. responsibility责任；C. judgement判断；D. shock震惊。根据后文“that all people are valuable, and that all people should be treated equally”可知，此处指“公平正义”。故选A项。
102．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这成为现实之前，我们还有很多工作要做，为今天的孩子们创造一个更美好的未来。A. means方法；B. reality现实；C. interpretation解释，说明。D. argument争论，论点。根据语境和后文“we have a lot of work to do to create a better future for today’s kids”可知，Dwight努力工作要让孩子们的美好未来成为现实。故选B项。
103．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：世界各地都是如此，但试图解决全球问题的难度似乎是巨大的。A. boring令人厌倦的；B. inviting诱人的；C. overwhelming巨大的，无法抗拒的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据语境和后文“That’s why it’s best to start by being the change we want to see in our local communities.”可知，解决全球问题的难度是巨大的，所以先从身边做起。故选C项。
104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个非营利组织，我的工作充满挑战，但每天都有回报。A. appealing呼吁，有吸引力；B. rewarding奖励，回报；C. convincing使确信；D. pleasing使高兴。根据后文“　　15　　, seeing students, who may have never been in a real restaurant before, imagining themselves as chefs, speaking English more confidently, and becoming leaders in their families is a pretty great reward.”可知，Dwight认为每天都有回报。故选B项。
105．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，看到那些可能从未去过真正餐厅的学生，把自己想象成厨师，更自信地说英语，并成为他们家庭的领导者，这是一个相当大的回报。A. However然而；B. Furthermore此外，而且；C. Consequently结果，因此；D. Therefore因此。后文“seeing students, who may have never been in a real restaurant before, imagining themselves as chefs, speaking English more confidently, and becoming leaders in their families is a pretty great reward”和前文之间是转折关系。故选A项。

106．B 107．D 108．A 109．B 110．C 111．C 112．A 113．D 114．A 115．D 116．C 117．D 118．B 119．D 120．C

【导语】本文是说明文。面试要求你展示你的资格、技能和工作经验。在面试中讨论你的成就是一项典型的要求，本文提出一些让你从其他候选人中脱颖而出的好方法。
106．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在面试中讨论你的成就是一项典型的要求，也是让你从其他候选人中脱颖而出的好方法。A. isolate孤立；B. distinguish区分；C. choose选择；D. keep保持。根据“yourself from other candidates.”可知，区分你和其他候选人，distinguish...from固定搭配，意为“区分……和……”。故选B。
107．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的个人成就告诉招聘经理你的价值，并让你的优势以独特的方式表现出来。A. opponents对手；B. candidates候选人；C. sufferings苦难；D. strengths强项，优势。根据“Your individual personal achievements tell the hiring managers”可知，你的个人成就告诉招聘经理你的优势。故选D。
108．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：个人成就是一个强大的信息来源，因为它们提供了关于你的技能的具体且通常可量化的信息。A. concrete具体的；B. subtle微妙的；C. adequate足够的；D. unrealistic不现实的。根据“ and often quantifiable(可以计量的)information about your skills..”可知，个人成就是一个强大的信息来源，它提供关于你技能具体可量化的信息。故选A。
109．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在解释你的个人成就时，最好给出与你的工作表现、职责或特定行业有关的例子。A. presentation展示；B. example例子；C. speech演讲；D. list清单。根据“ Keep the following in mind when providing an employer with some quality examples of your own personal achievements:”可知，向雇主提供你个人成就的例子，此处example是同词复现。故选B。
110．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在讨论你的个人成就时，要具体并给出详细的信息，以帮助面试官了解你的成就的重要性。A. latest最新的；B. limited有限的；C. detailed详细的；D. public公开的。根据“When discussing your personal accomplishments, be specific and ”可知，在讨论你的个人成就时要详细。故选C。
111．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在讨论你的个人成就时，要具体并给出详细的信息，以帮助面试官了解你成就的重要性。A. stress强调；B. doubt怀疑；C. acquire获得；得到；捕获；D. visualize想象。根据“When discussing your personal accomplishments, be specific and”可知，详细信息帮助面试官捕获到你所获得的成就的重要性。故选C。
112．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你被问及你的成就时，它为你的回答提供了一个框架。A. response回应；B. employment就业；C. experience经验；D. discussion讨论。根据“when you are asked about your achievement.”可知，给你回答时提供框架。故选A。
113．考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：使用行为动词。A.beautiful美丽的；B. regular有规律的；C. special特殊的；D. action动作。根据下文“These action verbs express.”可知，建议使用行为动词。故选D。
114．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里的关键是要用语言来表达你的投入，而不仅仅是告诉他们你的抱负。A. ambition雄心；B. requirement需要；C. failures失败；D. struggle斗争。根据“When discussing your personal accomplishments”可知，面试时不要只谈论你的抱负。故选A。
115．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你可以考虑这样说，“我工作了三周，花了10个小时加班来制定一个符合我们客户所有要求的竞选策略。”而不是说，“我努力工作来制定一个竞选策略。”A. spared抽出；B. utilized利用；C. wasted浪费；D. dedicated奉献。根据“can help an interviewer have a better understanding of your devotion to quality work.”可知，奉献10小时加班。故选D。
116．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些动作动词表达了你对工作的投入，可以帮助面试官更好地了解你对高质量工作的投入。A.key关键；B. access通向；C. commitment投入；D. approach方法。根据“help an interviewer have a better understanding of your devotion to quality work.”可知，动作动词表达你对工作的投入。故选C。
117．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在解释你的个人成就时，一定要有眼神交流，说话清晰直接。A. freely自由；B. eagerly渴望；C. quickly快速；D. clearly清晰。根据“and directly.”可知，说话要清晰直接。故选D。
118．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：积极的语调能表达你的自信，也能显示你很强的沟通技巧。A. gentle温和的；B. positive积极的；C. warm温暖的；D. deep深的。根据“express confidence.”可知，积极的语调能表达自信。故选B。
119．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：聪明的面试官可能会问一些后续问题，想进一步了解你的流程。A. urgent紧迫的；B. key关键的；C. leading领先的；D. follow-up随后的。根据“want to further know about your process.”可知，面试官想进一步了解你的流程可能会问一些后续问题。故选D。
120．考查动词词义辨析。句意：表现出你不断采取措施来提高自己的技能是成长型思维模式的一个特点，也向潜在的雇主展示了你是一个很好的候选人。A. demonstrate展示；B. assess评估 C. sharpen提高；D. learn学到。根据上文“Showing that you consistently take steps to”和下文“ is a characteristic of a growth mindset ”可知，提高自己的技能是成长型思维模式。故选C。

121．D 122．B 123．D 124．A 125．B 126．C 127．A 128．A 129．B 130．D 131．B 132．A 133．C 134．D 135．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新的研究表明，经常与家人一起吃饭的女孩不太可能采取极端的体重控制行为，比如呕吐、服用泻药或减肥药。一项调查了2500多名美国高中生的研究发现，每周与家人一起吃饭五次或更多的女孩在以后的生活中与食物的关系要健康得多。文章介绍了研究的开展过程以及发现。
121．考查动词词义辨析。句意：新的研究表明，经常与家人一起吃饭的女孩不太可能采取极端的体重控制行为，比如呕吐、服用泻药或减肥药。A. recommends推荐；B. explains解释；C. argues争论；D. shows表明。根据后文“girls who regularly have family meals are much less”是研究的发现，故此处指研究表明，show符合语境。故选D。
122．考查副词和形容词词义辨析。句意：新的研究表明，经常与家人一起吃饭的女孩不太可能采取极端的体重控制行为，比如呕吐、服用泻药或减肥药。A. possibly可能地；B. likely大概；C. probably可能；D. hopefully有希望地。根据第一段“Eating with families at table could prevent teenage girls from developing eating disorders.(与家人一起吃饭可以防止十几岁的女孩患上饮食失调症)”可知，经常与家人一起吃饭的女孩不太可能采取极端的体重控制行为。故选B。
123．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一项调查了2500多名美国高中生的研究发现，每周与家人一起吃饭五次或更多的女孩在以后的生活中与食物的关系要健康得多。A. noticed注意到；B. realized意识到；C. researched研究；D. found发现。根据后文“that girls who ate five or more family meals a week had a much healthier…with food in later life”可知，“每周与家人一起吃饭五次或更多的女孩在以后的生活中与食物的关系要健康得多”是研究的发现。故选D。
124．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项调查了2500多名美国高中生的研究发现，每周与家人一起吃饭五次或更多的女孩在以后的生活中与食物的关系要健康得多。A. relationship关系；B. means方式；C. hobby爱好；D. habit习惯。根据后文“or relationship with her family”可知，研究发现的是每周与家人一起吃饭五次或更多的女孩在以后的生活中与食物的关系要健康得多。故选A。
125．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项研究发表在国际期刊《儿科和青少年医学档案》上，1999年对13至17岁的学生进行了调查，并在五年后进行了随访。A. approached靠近；B. followed跟随；C. kept保持；D. held持有。根据后文“up five years later”可知，研究对这些学生五年后进行了随访。故选B。
126．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究发现，无论女孩的年龄、体重、社会经济地位、饮食习惯或与家人的关系如何，定期的家庭聚餐都有保护作用。A. manners礼貌；B. behaviour行为；C. habits习惯；D. patterns模式。根据上文“the girls’ age, weight, socio-economic status, dieting”可知，无论女孩的年龄、体重、社会经济地位、饮食习惯或与家人的关系如何，定期的家庭聚餐都有保护作用。故选C。
127．考查动词词义辨析。句意：专家说，医生应该鼓励家人在餐桌前吃饭，而不是坐在电视机前，以防止厌食症和贪食症等严重的饮食失调症。A. encourage鼓励；B. advocate提倡；C. advise建议；D. persuade说服。根据后文“families to have dinner at the table instead of in front of the television”可知，专家说，医生应该鼓励家人在餐桌前吃饭，而不是坐在电视机前。故选A。
128．考查介词词义辨析。句意：专家说，医生应该鼓励家人在餐桌前吃饭，而不是坐在电视机前，以防止厌食症和贪食症等严重的饮食失调症。A. against防备；B. with和；C. about关于；D. for为了。根据后文“serious eating disorders such as anorexia (厌食症) and bulimia (暴食症)”可知，家人在餐桌前吃饭，可以防止厌食症和贪食症等严重的饮食失调症的发生。故选A。
129．考查动词词义辨析。句意：饮食失调诊所The Oak house的主任Belinda Dalton说，与家人一起吃饭有助于使年轻人与食物的关系“正常化”。A. saying说；B. eating吃；C. cooking烹饪；D. tasting品尝。呼应第一段“Eating with families at table could prevent teenage girls from developing eating disorders.(与家人一起吃饭可以防止十几岁的女孩患上饮食失调症)”指与家人一起吃饭有助于使年轻人与食物的关系“正常化”。故选B。
130．考查名词词义辨析。句意：饮食失调诊所The Oak house的主任Belinda Dalton说，与家人一起吃饭有助于使年轻人与食物的关系“正常化”。A. interest兴趣；B. vegetable蔬菜；C. work工作；D. food食物。根据Belinda Dalton的工作是“director of eating disorders(饮食失调诊所The Oak house的主任)”可知，这里指年轻人与食物的关系，故选D。
131．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当年轻人感到无助时，他们会求助于他们可以控制的东西，食物就是他们可以控制的东西。A. lead to导致；B. turn to求助于；C. stick to坚持；D. belong to属于。根据上文“When young people are feeling that they’re helpless”可知，年轻人感到无助，会求助可以控制的东西。故选B。
132．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当年轻人感到无助时，他们会求助于他们可以控制的东西，食物就是他们可以控制的东西。A. accessible可达到的；B. reasonable合理的；C. achievable可完成的；D. possible可能的。根据上文“they can control and food is something available and”可知，感到无助的年轻人求助于他们可以控制的东西，因为食物就是他们可以控制的东西。故选A。
133．考查动词词义辨析。句意：显然，如果他们经常和家人坐在一起，那么他们的家人就能更好地控制他们的饮食。A. lack缺少；B. need需要；C. control控制；D. use使用。呼应上文“they can control”指如果年轻人们经常和家人坐在一起，那么他们的家人就能更好地帮助他们控制他们的饮食。故选C。
134．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它让年轻人感受到与家人的联系，建立自尊和价值感，这对防止人们患上饮食失调症非常有效。A. worried担心的；B. pleased高兴的；C. concerned担心的；D. connected连接的。根据后文“with their family and that builds self-esteem and a sense of worth”可知，和家人一起吃饭，让年轻人感受到与家人的联系，建立自尊和价值感。故选D。
135．考查名词词义辨析。句意：饮食失调专家科斯蒂·格林伍德说，患者吃饭时间往往很困难。A. girls女孩；B. victims受害者；C. sufferers患者；D. casualties伤亡人员。根据上文“An eating disorder expert, Kirsty Greenwood”可知，Kirsty Greenwood是饮食失调专家，所以是在说明饮食失调患者的情况。故选C。

136．B 137．A 138．D 139．D 140．B 141．C 142．C 143．A 144．D 145．B 146．A 147．C 148．B 149．C 150．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了近年来，关于建筑对自然环境影响的信息层出不穷，所以绿色设计的理念日益受到欢迎，但是绿色建造却并未流行起来，文章分析了原因并提供了一些建议。
136．考查动词词义辨析。句意：解释和促进绿色建筑设计的信息努力使他人相信它的有效性，并警告忽视这个问题的危险。A. preserve保存；B. convince使确信；C. exploit剥削、利用；D. accuse控告、指责。根据下文“warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue.”可知，这些信息是警告人们忽视这个问题的危险性，所以信息是为了使他人相信绿色建筑的有效性。故选B。
137．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些文档很少向从业人员(例如为建筑物设计机械和电气系统的人员)提供关于如何在实践层面上使用这些知识的任何建议。A. practical实用的；B. measured量过的、慎重的；C. tremendous巨大的、惊人的；D. theoretical理论上的。根据下文可知，信息很多，但是很少有实践层面上的建议，所以设计师不知道如何说服业主建造绿色建筑。故选A。
138．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然在建筑行业中有很多“绿色”建筑的倡导者，能够列出足够的理由来说明为什么建筑应该以可持续的方式设计，但这并没有转化为蓬勃发展的绿色建筑行业。A. professional专业的；B. groundbreaking创新的；C. innovative创新的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据常识可知，绿色建筑指的是建筑以可持续发展的方式进行设计。故选D。
139．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：同样，有很多建筑公司有绿色设计的经验，也不足以使绿色建筑产生。A. tap into experience利用经验；B. live up to its name名副其实；C. rise to fame成名；D. come into being形成。根据上文“Although there are a good many advocates of “green” construction in the architectural industry, able to list enough reasons why buildings should be designed in a(n) ____3____ way, that doesn’t translate into a booming green construction industry.”可知，虽然很多人都知道绿色建筑很好，但是绿色建筑行业并没有因此蓬勃发展。由此判断，虽然建筑公司有绿色设计的经验，但是并不意味着绿色建筑会产生。故选D。
140．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：建筑物的建造是否对环境造成最小影响，取决于建筑物的业主；也就是说，资助项目的人。A. refers to提及；B. lies with靠……决定；应由……承担责任；C. races against和……比赛；D. calls on号召。根据下文“If the owner considers green design unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be ____6____ into the design.”可知，只有业主同意绿色设计，那么才能进行绿色建造，所以是否进行绿色建造取决于业主。故选B。
141．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果业主认为绿色设计不重要，或者是次要的，那么很可能，它不会被考虑到设计中。A. knocked敲；B. loaded装载；C. factored把……因素包括进去；D. stuffed遭受。根据上文“The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact ____5____ the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project.”可知，只有业主才能决定是否进行绿色建造，因此如果业主不同意绿色设计，那么绿色设计也不会被考虑进去。故选C。
142．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在设计、成本和风险方面，委任过程在确保业主获得他想要的建筑方面起着关键作用。A. concluding结束；B. stressing强调；C. ensuring确保；D. acknowledging承认、认可。本句主语“The commissioning (委任) process”和宾语“the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk.”之间存在的关系为，委任过程才能确保业主获得他想要的。故选C。
143．考查动词词义辨析。句意：业主跳过委任过程，或者在这样做时没有考虑到“绿色”问题，一旦他们的建筑建成并运行，往往会遇到麻烦。A. skip跳过；B. transport运输；C. isolate孤立、隔离；D. cover覆盖。根据下文“fail to take “green” issues into account when doing so”可知，业主如果不考虑绿色设计，就会陷入麻烦。由此判断，空处指的是业主跳过委任过程。故选A。
144．考查短语词义辨析。句意：然而，随着时间的推移，业主意识到运营和维护成本高于必要水平，并且居住者对结果不满意。A. As a result结果；B. On the contrary相反；C. What’s more此外；D. However然而。前一句“Materials and equipment are installed as planned, and, at first glance, appear to fulfill their purpose adequately.”和空后“in time, the owner realizes that operational and maintenance costs are higher than necessary, and that the occupants are dissatisfied with the results.”之间存在转折关系，表示一开始业主会觉得一切都很好，但是慢慢的，业主就会对居所不满意。故选D。
145．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在某些情况下，业主可能会意识到绿色建筑设计的最新趋势，然而，这并不一定会导致客户已经知道他想要的绿色结构的想法。A. ignorant无知的；B. aware意识到的；C. critical批评的、决定性的；D. capable有能力的。根据下文“however, does not necessarily lead to an interpretation that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be.”中的however可知，两句之间存在转折关系，下一句意为“这并不一定会导致客户已经知道他想要的绿色结构的想法”，所以前一句应该指的是业主意识到绿色设计。故选B。
146．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，业主和公司之间的最初互动是设计师概述和促进绿色设计满足客户目标的理想时机。A. promote促进；B. perceive注意到、认为；C. attribute把……归功于；D. impose强加。根据上文可知，设计公司应该是希望业主采用绿色设计，由此判断，这里指的是设计师促进绿色设计。故选A。
147．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：通过这种方式，他可以将原本不属于绿色设计的项目变成潜在的候选项目。A. applied to适用于；B. anxious for渴望得到；C. destined for预定的、去往；D. specific about对……明确。根据空前的“originally”以及空后的“into a potential candidate.”可知，通过这种方式，他可以将本没想采用绿色设计变成潜在的候选项目。故选C。
148．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常，当考虑是否采用绿色方法时，业主会询问额外成本或投资回报。A. gesture姿势；B. approach接近、方法；C. origin起源；D. patent专利。根据上文“In some cases, an owner may be ____10____ of the latest trends in green building design, which, however, does not necessarily lead to an interpretation that the client already has an idea of how green he intends the structure to be.”以及全文内容可知，空处指的是绿色的建造方法。故选B。
149．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在绿色设计中，他们从一开始就可以发挥作用，因为绿色设计需要这些项目之间的合作，这需要额外的成本。A. competition竞争；B. calculation计算、估计；C. cooperation合作；D. distinction对比、区分。空处为原词重现，根据下文“for long-term operation, ownership and even construction.”可知，空处指的是绿色设计中，需要景观设计师、机械和电气工程师共同合作。故选C。
150．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一些绿色设计的例子表明，长期运营、所有权甚至建造成本都较低。A. increased增加的；B. extra额外的；C. fixed固定的；D. lower低的、下级的。根据上文“However, in green design, they have a role to play from their outset, since green design demands____14____between these disciplines, which requires additional cost.”可知，各种项目的合作会产生额外的成本；但是根据本句句首的“however”可知，本句和上句之间存在转折关系。上一句说的是会产生额外的成本，下文有转折关系，所以指的是长期看，绿色设计成本较低。故选D。