上海高考英语完形填空专项训练

这是一份上海高考英语完形填空专项训练，共40页。
完形填空
We must face the fact that there are many aspects of the Information Ages. All information makes us anxious. Over some of these, we have little or no control. On the other hand, there are steps we can take to eliminate much of 1 . We might say, then, that survival in the information Age is a challenging yet 2 task.
To some extent, we are all receivers and givers of information. Our brain, however, receives and processes information in different ways. One way involves the amazing capacity of the brain to process information subconsciously.
Another way involves 3 processing of information such as during conversation,we ve a great deal of control over this type of information processing—both as givers and receivers. If we indulge (任凭) ourselves talking about tiny things or even harmful information, valuable time and 4 can be wasted. Meanwhile this can make us and others anxious. You may lose opportunities to absorb and distribute information that is truly useful for 5 in this troubled world.
Information gathered by reading is processed consciously and 6 takes longest. The written word is still the most powerful way of 7 imagination and conveying information, ideas, and concept.
How can we 8 so much information from various sources, such as reading material, TV program, computer games, and other 9 activities? The answer is screening. Screening, sorting out or prioritizing what we need to hear, see, say or read may 10 much information anxiety.
To cut through confusing information, 11 this basic rule: keep it simple! The secret to processing information is narrowing your 12 of information. Simplicity is 13 in many Asian cultures and is even recognized in Western cultures as a superior way of living. Writer Duane Elgin 14 , “To live more simply is to live more purposefully and with a 15 of needless distraction.”
1．A．curiosity B．trouble C．interest D．anxiety
2．A．donating B．rewarding C．interesting D．searching
3．A．sensitive B．conscious C．unconscious D．reasonable
4．A．energy B．wealth C．power D．health
5．A．expanding B．surviving C．stretching D．bearing
6．A．still B．however C．hence D．yet
7．A．cooperating B．finding C．removing D．stimulating
8．A．think of B．deal with C．do with D．rule over
9．A．recreational B．professional C．humorous D．traditional
10．A．break into B．bring about C．get rid of D．come to
11．A．catch B．offer C．abandon D．apply
12．A．rank B．limit C．field D．lane
13．A．received B．supplied C．labeled D．recommended
14．A．offered B．stated C．declined D．opposed
15．A．maximum B．minimum C．quantity D．presence

One of the roles of the Nobel Prize for literature is to shine a light on someone who has been less visible than they deserve. That role was 16 this year in the announcement of Abdulrazak Gurnah as winner.
Unlike previous popular recipients living in Britain, he is not a 17 . He could, as he said after the announcement, have reached more readers, but his publications 18 to grant him that. His publisher felt sorry for the fact that he “is one of the greatest living African writers; yet no one has ever 19 him,” but with this he did not agree: “I didn’t think I was ignored.”
There is a(n) 20 , here, that has to do with who is doing the looking, and what counts as officially being noticed. There is also a point of 21 : calling Gurnah an African writer. In fact, while that seems to broaden horizons, it narrows and distances what he is doing. Gurnah was born in Zanzibar, and left for Britain when he was 18, 22 regional conflicts for what he hoped would be calmer waters, which turned out to be stronger dark current. He has lived in Britain ever since.
He began and stuck to writing to 23 , to himself, of the shock -- of racism, rejection, poverty and loneliness. His ten novels return to it 24 , which begins in 1996’s Admiring Silence. His work exists because of Britain as well as Zanzibar; it may 25 both or wholly neither. It arrives out of a(n) 26 of English literature (Gurnah is professor of literature at the University of Kent), and his first language, the rhythms and stories of Islam.
27 , many of the UK's thirteen Nobel-winning writers were born elsewhere as by 2019, 14% of the UK’s population were born abroad. People might also be astonished at how many of those countries were once part of the British empire. Gurnah has spoken of how much of the world is still processing the wounds that colonialism 28 , especially the experience of “losing your place in the world”-- where place is not just 29 , but also belonging, status and culture.
In this sense, Gurnah’s work, which 30 those who might not have been remembered in history--shopkeeper, homemakers, students and refugees, could not be more British. But, more importantly, it could not be more universal.
16．A．assumed B．fulfilled C．interpreted D．handled
17．A．household name B．black horse C．new face D．walking dictionary
18．A．demanded B．tended C．qualified D．failed
19．A．cast doubt on B．shown sympathy for C．taken any notice of D．put trust in
20．A．bridge B．gulf C．opposition D．association
21．A．illustration B．definition C．navigation D．accusation
22．A．prizing B．initiating C．fighting D．escaping
23．A．take care B．take charge C．make sense D．make sure
24．A．repeatedly B．periodically C．scarcely D．accidentally
25．A．bother with B．contribute to C．consist of D．admit to
26．A．spite B．knowledge C．empathy D．necessity
27．A．Obviously B．Naturally C．Consequently D．Strikingly
28．A．imposed B．healed C．received D．examined
29．A．psychological B．geographical C．ideological D．demographical
30．A．discounts B．awards C．spotlights D．evaluates

The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
The March on Washington brought together many different civil rights groups, labor unions, and 31 organizations, including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the American Federation of Labor, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
32 , not all civil rights activists were in favor of the march. Bayard Rustin, though one of the main organizers of the march, was concerned that it would turn violent and damage the international 33 of the Civil Rights Movement. Others, like Malcolm X, who helped popularize the militant Black Power Movement, looked down upon the March on Washington because of its nonviolent 34 . Calling it the “Farce (闹剧) on Washington,” Malcolm X accused black civil rights activists of teaming with whites and accepting 35 from whites.
On August 28, 1963, 250,000 protesters gathered on the National Mall in Washington, DC to demonstrate 36 full civil, political, and economic rights for African Americans. The March on Washington was one of the largest demonstrations for human rights in US history, and a spectacular 37 of the power of non-violent direct action. 1963 was the 100th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation (《解放黑奴宣言》), and one of the major themes of the rally was that the 38 of emancipation remained unfulfilled. The march began at the Washington monument and ended at the Lincoln Memorial, where representatives of the 39 organizations delivered speeches.
The last speaker of the day was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who delivered what became the most famous speech of the entire civil rights era, the “I Have a Dream” speech, which 40 a world in which people were judged not by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.
Because of this, a popular 41 has arisen that it was Dr. King who initiated the rally. In fact, the idea for a march on Washington belonged to A．Philip Randolph, a black labor leader who 42 the Negro American Labor Council at the time of the march, and had previously organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, the first African American labor union in US history.
The sole purpose of the March on Washington was not to eliminate Jim Crow laws, which meant Southern blacks would continue to live in conditions of poverty and inequality, with whites 43 them their hard-won political rights and freedoms, though the protesters certainly desired to bring a 44 end to the segregation that had been institutionalized in the South after the Civil War. Though the organizers of the rally demanded the desegregation of all schools, the majority of the demands revolved around issues of economic 45 -like equal access to public facilities and accommodations, housing, education, and jobs.
31．A．academic B．religious C．vocational D．commercial
32．A．Furthermore B．Therefore C．Instead D．Nevertheless
33．A．reputation B．community C．agreement D．status
34．A．approach B．tendency C．intensity D．exposure
35．A．criticism B．apologies C．donations D．challenges
36．A．on behalf of B．in favor of C．by means of D．on account of
37．A．justification B．symbol C．example D．version
38．A．presence B．interpretation C．potential D．promise
39．A．sponsoring B．opposing C．striking D．emerging
40．A．analyzed B．envisioned C．compromised D．emphasized
41．A．phenomenon B．theory C．practice D．misconception
42．A．founded B．opposed C．headed D．favored
43．A．granting B．denying C．threatening D．declining
44．A．substantial B．royal C．swift D．remarkable
45．A．prosperity B．security C．policy D．justice

Brazil’s election offers hope for the rainforest
A presidential election in 2022 will offer a chance for Brazil’s government to reverse policies that have 46 to global climate change. The country is home to 60% of the Amazon rainforest, which has historically been an important carbon 47 . But a worrying study published in 2021 in Nature found that over the past decade it has 48 become a carbon source. The culprits: forest fires and deforestation, which has soared by more than 40% since President Jair Bolsonaro 49 in 2019.
On his watch, environmental enforcement and fines dropped to record lows. Activists say this has encouraged 50 logging, mining, and land-grabbing. In June the environment minister, Ricardo Salles, resigned after federal police began investigating him for alleged 51 in timber trafficking.
A greener president would try to crack down on such crimes. Polls 52 that Mr Bolsonaro is likely to lose the election. His successor could convince Germany and Norway to unfreeze the Amazon Fund, a pot of money for enforcement and 53 development that was withdrawn in 2019 amid concerns about Mr Bolsonaro’s policies. A new president could also revive talks with President Joe Biden, who has offered to 54 a $20bn fund for the rainforest once Brazil starts showing results.
But even an enlightened president will have to battle a 55 Congress, which is considering a number of laws that threaten the rainforest and its inhabitants. These include a land-regularisation bill nicknamed the “land-grabbing law” and a bill that would 56 wildcat mining on indigenous territories. In August thousands of indigenous people camped out in the capital as the supreme court debated a case that would restrict their territories to land that was 57 when a new constitution was passed in 1988. The court postponed its 58 , but Congress is considering a law that would have the 59 effect.
Better leadership in Brazil could jump-start regional efforts to boost enforcement and find sustainable 60 to deforestation for the rainforest’s inhabitants. But if Mr Bolsonaro wins again, his determination to fill the forest with roads, dams and mines could cause destruction far beyond the borders of Brazil.
46．A．referred B．contributed C．amounted D．related
47．A．footprint B．sink C．source D．emission
48．A．indeed B．instead C．accidentally D．otherwise
49．A．stepped down B．took office C．claimed precedence D．kept watch
50．A．seasonal B．selective C．illegal D．professional
51．A．involvement B．attachment C．limitation D．existence
52．A．advise B．advocate C．suggest D．represent
53．A．sustainable B．economic C．rapid D．rural
54．A．claim B．manage C．create D．borrow
55．A．farmer-friendly B．warm-blooded C．pressure-free D．profit-making
56．A．realise B．normalize C．publicise D．legalise
57．A．sold B．explored C．cleared D．occupied
58．A．election B．argument C．appeal D．decision
59．A．main B．varied C．final D．same
60．A．replacements B．transitions C．alternatives D．references

After the Civil War, Mark Twain briefly served in the Confederate Army (南方邦联军), then rejoined his brother Orion, who had recently won a position in the Nevada territory government as 61 for his work on President Abraham Lincoln's re-election campaign. Twain traveled with his brother to Nevada then began a year's work criticizing gold and silver. These experiences would later provide the basis for his volume Roughing It (1872). In 1862, he joined the publication and assumed the Mark Twain pseudonym (笔名) almost exclusively when 62 his humorous reports with conventional pieces.
Throughout the remainder of the 1860s, Twain traveled widely and 63 his observations to various West Coast publications. For much of this period he even served as an official journalist for the San Francisco Daily Morning. One of his most celebrated and notorious writings from this period, 64 came as a journalist for the Alta California, whose editors he 65 to finance a five-month journey aboard the Quaker in Europe and the Middle East. Upon returning to the United States, he compiled (编写) the Quaker City correspondence as The Innocents Abroad (1869) and agreed to widespread demand for his 66 as a public lecturer.
With The Innocents Abroad, Twain enjoyed considerable commercial and 67 success. Its popularity was rather 68 , for the book was published by a subscription house，which sold works door to door before publication. Interested readers would pay in advance for the book, which would 69 , realize actual publication only after sufficient sales had been 70 . Twain, who significantly filled the book with 61 chapters of real-life stories - great length was a disadvantage for sales - 71 succeeded in producing a work that appealed to readers with its lively humor and 72 insights and depictions. Notable in the book are 73 in Venice, Italy, where the boatmen are inevitably 74 as cheery opportunists, and in Palestine, where deceitful beggars exploit the company's more vulnerable members. Perhaps because of the work's broad, seemingly bitter humor, The Innocents Abroad still 75 among Twain's most accomplished works.
61．A．reception B．admission C．reward D．award
62．A．associating B．replacing C．comparing D．alternating
63．A．attributed B．contributed C．distributed D．formulated
64．A．therefore B．moreover C．however D．besides
65．A．inspired B．convinced C．promised D．appealed
66．A．presence B．experience C．emergence D．competence
67．A．crucial B．critical C．magical D．economical
68．A．surprising B．encouraging C．confusing D．satisfying
69．A．in case B．in turn C．in person D．in time
70．A．boosted B．proved C．projected D．guaranteed
71．A．instead B．nonetheless C．afterwards D．thus
72．A．typical B．fundamental C．keen D．active
73．A．episodes B．events C．landmarks D．columns
74．A．rationalized B．personalized C．characterized D．popularized
75．A．ranks B．puts C．grades D．places

About 20 minutes away from River Campus, one might 76 sounds of magical flights at the mysterious Mushroom House of Powder Mills Park. The private houses, seen as the landmark of Town of Perinton, show off extraordinary architectural 77 with tree-like doors and wooden sculptured, treasure-filled mosaics, and naturalistic components in both in-side and 78 .
This odd artistic 79 has gained the Mushroom House its own official website and widespread media coverage. Since the house's 80 , it has actively been covered by many media. Much like Disney's Pixie Hollow, the Mushroom House appears to be a collection of “found” parts. The 81 starts from the underground garage to the tunnel, a reminder of the University's tunnel system, appearing the outer of the Mushroom House.
The 82 tops and inner branches of the Mushroom House are in good condition, 83 to aha old mushrooms found in a backyard. But the different types of glass, with their unique shapes and materials, used to build walls of the Great Room and the master bathroom lend the inside a colorful personality. Though 84 the curved (曲线) of the ceilings in all four mushrooms create acoustics (音响效果) that its website 85 that of Carnegie Hall in New York City. 86 builders Peter Strong and William Ash ton, the four 80- ton Mush-room House were built from models on the ground. The outside Mushroom House was then 87 with works of art, including fashionable lighting and handmade bricks, hobbit-like doors, tree and 88 sculptured, sand-molded walls and ceilings, custom wood furniture, and iron failings.
These works of art were all designed and 89 by local artists. Though this seems like a dream, it 90 a sweet past.
76．A．feel B．hear C．handle D．touch
77．A．designs B．history C．background D．plans
78．A．top B．back C．surface D．outside
79．A．platform B．room C．architecture D．sculpture
80．A．purchase B．disappearance C．creation D．collapse
81．A．origin B．course C．journey D．adventure
82．A．sharp B．straight C．round D．square
83．A．back B．blind C．similar D．access
84．A．easy B．obvious C．common D．simple
85．A．puts forward B．begins with C．takes on D．compared to
86．A．With the help of B．In the front of C．With regards to D．In terms of
87．A．decorated B．equipped C．marked D．filled
88．A．flower B．branch C．grass D．leave
89．A．spread B．bought C．observed D．made
90．A．expresses B．concluded C．carries D．loads

Digital Heaven
If you had the opportunity to live forever, would you take it? The 91 to keeping your body alive indefinitely still seem unbeatable, but some scientists think there is another 92 opened up by digital technology: creating a digital copy of your “self” and keeping that “alive” online long after your physical body has 93 to function.
94 , the proposal is to clone a person electronically. Unlike the familiar physical clones — offspring that have 95 features as their parents, but that are completely separate organisms with a separate 96 life — your electronic clone would believe itself to be you. How might this be possible? The first step would be to map the brain.
How? One plan 97 the development of nanotechnology. Ray Kurzweil — one of the prophets (先知) of artificial intelligence — 98 that within two or three decades we will have nano transmitters that can be 99 into the bloodstream. In the capillaries of the brain they would line up alongside the neurons and 100 the details of the cerebral (大脑的) electronic activity. They would be able to 101 that information to a receiver inside a special helmet or cap, so there would be no need for any wires extending from the scalp (头皮).
As a further step, Ray Kurzweil also consider the nano transmitters being able to connect you to a world of virtual reality on the Internet, similar to what was depicted in the film ‘Matrix’. With the nano transmitters in place, by thought alone, you could log on to the Internet and instead of the pictures coming up on your screen they would play inside your mind. 102 sending your friends e-mails you would agree to meet up on some virtual tropical beach.
For Ray this would be, quite 103 , heaven. Once you upload the brain onto the Internet and log on to that virtual world the body can be left to rot while your virtual self carries on playing Counter Strike forever.
Generations of Christians believed in Christ partly because his rebirth held out the 104 that we too might be able to enjoy life after death. But why wait for the Second Coming when you can have a shot of nanobots and upload your brain onto the Internet and live on as an immortal virtual surfer?
Who needs faith when you’ve got 105 ?
91．A．devotion B．reference C．obstacle D．priority
92．A．possibility B．challenge C．pressure D．judgment
93．A．revealed B．adapted C．preserved D．ceased
94．A．In consequence B．In effect C．In contrast D．In total
95．A．relevant B．identical C．distinctive D．limited
96．A．creative B．ambitious C．previous D．conscious
97．A．relies on B．applies to C．sums up D．figures out
98．A．proposes B．predicts C．quotes D．recognizes
99．A．processed B．admitted C．injected D．turned
100．A．update B．promote C．arrange D．detect
101．A．translate B．transmit C．transplant D．transform
102．A．Regardless of B．Aside from C．Other than D．Instead of
103．A．typically B．literally C．instantly D．faithfully
104．A．strength B．request C．clue D．promise
105．A．mind B．soul C．broadband D．data

At the start of every vacation, many parents spend their time wondering: What will the children do? When I was a child in the 1950s, the answer was easy. The children would play. We played feely with other children, in our own chosen ways, away from adults. When we got bored, we found ways to overcome it. We took up 106 , took risks, sometimes hurt ourselves, got into trouble, and 107 how to get out of it.
During such play, we acquired knowledge and skills that couldn’t be taught to us in school. We learned how to take 108 , make our own decisions, solve our own problems, get along with peers as equals, experience fear and then find ways to manage it, experience anger and then find ways to overcome it. We also discovered our interests, 109 them, and became skilled at them—interests that for many of us later became 110 .
Over the past 60 years, however, we’ve seen a huge 111 in children’s freedom and opportunity to play on their own. Over this same period, we’ve also seen a dramatic increase in the rates of 112 and anxiety disorders among young people- five to eight times what they were in the 1950s.
Our children love to play in moderately 113 ways. Through such play, they acquire the physical, social and emotional capacities required for healthy development. They learn to get along with one another by playing socially, and they learn to deal with emergencies by playing in ways that involve risk.
Why is such play so 114 ? It can cause injury, so why hasn’t natural selection 115 the inner desire for it? We have some clues from laboratory experiments.
Researchers have found that when young rats or monkeys are deprived (剥夺) of play during critical periods in their development, the animals grow up as emotional cripples (跛者). They are 116 disabled when placed in new, slightly frightening environments to which normally raised animals would 117 . They repeated between incapacitating fear and inappropriate aggression when placed with 118 peers. So it is no surprise to me that play-deprived human children grow up insufficient in the social and emotional skills required to deal well with life’s inevitable stressors (应激源). They may also grow up 119 the abilities to think creatively, take initiative, and assume responsibility.
We have deprived children of free, risky play, probably for their own good. In the process we have denied them the opportunity to learn how to be 120 by playing in risky ways.
Our children need more freedom, not more adult control.
106．A．expeditions B．adventures C．violence D．disasters
107．A．figured out B．looked over C．made for D．turned out
108．A．measures B．action C．initiative D．risks
109．A．created B．pursued C．captured D．demonstrated
110．A．addictions B．predictions C．expectations D．careers
111．A．increase B．amount C．decline D．demand
112．A．depression B．obesity C．digestion D．cancer
113．A．friendly B．funny C．risky D．learned
114．A．dangerous B．frustrating C．striking D．appealing
115．A．strengthened B．eliminated C．multiplied D．identified
116．A．psychologically B．physically C．medically D．biologically
117．A．devote B．stick C．adapt D．seek
118．A．identical B．modest C．miserable D．unfamiliar
119．A．missing B．involving C．lacking D．showing
120．A．obedient B．adaptable C．optimistic D．practical

Virtual reality: Is this really how we will all watch TV in years to come? Virtual reality (VR) is often used to illustrate the concept of being trapped within the cyberspace, or as a form of advanced technology. This technology 121 its place in popular culture through films such as The Lawnmower Man and The Matrix, as well as books such as Ready Player One, which Steven Spielberg is 122 for a movie. They presented 123 of technology by using a VR headset, which enabled people to explore virtual, computer-controlled worlds.
In 2017, these cultural touchstones are freshly in mind for the 124 industry, as it tries to understand whether real-life headset can be used to deliver new forms of drama, documentary and storytelling.
The promise connect a headset to a computer or your smartphone and you can watch video, play games and 125 virtual worlds, turning your head around for 360-degree vision, and interacting by means of a controller.
VR experiences in their current form 126 from fending off zombies (抵御僵尸) in survival - horror game Resident Evil 7 to exploring the ocean depths or exploring a Syrian refugee camp.
TV firms want to know more. At this month’s MIPTV industry conference in Cannes’ VR was a major 127 for producers, broadcasters and tech companies alike. “We will all have superpowers. Because in Virtual reality you can be anyone, you can go anywhere and you can create anything,” said HTC’s Rikard Steiber in a keynote speech. “We’re just at the beginning of what the 128 can do. It’s a new computing platform: it’s going to be the next mass 129 .”
Still, with research company Green-light Insights 130 that by 2021 headset owners will spend $9bn a year on VR content, TV producers and broadcasters are keen to start 131 with the technology now.
This is as much a creative 132 as a business one. Many VR experiences to date have either been games or non-interactive video the equivalent to early television shows adopting the rules of radio, and early cinema doing the same with theatre. But like TV and films VR has the 133 to evolve its own language and formats.
Good VR has a value that is 134 to VR. It sounds really obvious, but it’s key. It has to be better in VR, or only in VR. A lot of media companies have a tendency to take what they have and put in VR. That might be a good bridge but it’s not the final 135 for VR.
121．A．secured B．occupied C．reserved D．made
122．A．adopting B．collecting C．adapting D．revising
123．A．investments B．visions C．promotions D．chances
124．A．advertising B．business C．tourist D．television
125．A．create B．explore C．shape D．dominate
126．A．develop B．come C．range D．escape
127．A．theme B．argument C．industry D．worry
128．A．conscience B．tool C．money D．technology
129．A．production B．movement C．medium D．market
130．A．predicting B．quoting C．considering D．finding
131．A．searching B．experimenting C．investigating D．cooperating
132．A．challenge B．ability C．art D．energy
133．A．intelligence B．force C．potential D．talent
134．A．similar B．contrary C．different D．unique
135．A．area B．destination C．test D．skill

Recently-leaked historical documents revealed that there were dozens of attempts by German Resistance almost killing Hitler.
If the Munich agreements of Sept. 29, 1938 had not given Hitler the fruits of war with Czechoslovakia without war, some generals might have 136 : Secret arrangements had been made to open from within the doors to Hitler’s house so that a military 137 could rush in. If on Nov. 8, 1939, Hitler had not cut short a speech 138 for two hours in Munich, an assassination plan there might have succeeded. Two days later, with 139 thickened around Hitler, an officers’ bomb attempt was abandoned. In a March 13, 1943 attempt, explosives hidden in two bottles of red wine were placed 140 Hitlers’ plane. The fuse (引信) worked, and the firing pins (撩针) struck. Still, the 141 did not explode, perhaps because the explosive, carried in the plane’s cargo hold, was sensitive to cold.
Eight days later, as Hitler entered a military exhibition, an officer 142 a fuse on a bomb beneath his coat and stayed close to Hitler. But after just two minutes in the exhibition, Hitler, with a wild animal’s 143 for danger, left through a side door. The officer dashed to a restroom to defuse the bomb.
A 24-year-old captain shocked by Nazi’s cruelty, instantly 144 when the German Resistance asked if he would kill Hitler. In November 1943, with Hitler scheduled to view a display of new uniform, the captain, with a bomb concealed 145 his person, was prepared to light a short fuse and 146 upon Hitler. But the display was 147 when the railroad car containing the uniforms was destroyed by air raid (空袭) on Berlin.
If it had not been unusually hot on July 20, 1944, Hitler’s conference with Stauffenberg and others would have been held in a concrete basement, which would have 148 the explosion of Stauffenberg’s bomb. 149 , they met, in an above-ground wooden building, where the force was weakened. Hitler 150 and the planned attempt was discovered in a few hours.
136．A．resigned B．rejected C．rebelled D．retired
137．A．force B．strength C．power D．energy
138．A．prepared B．assigned C．suggested D．scheduled
139．A．regulation B．security C．management D．atmosphere
140．A．aboard B．around C．along D．across
141．A．plane B．fuse C．bomb D．cargo
142．A．set B．opened C．pulled D．lit
143．A．nature B．instinct C．character D．intelligence
144．A．agreed B．decided C．declined D．admitted
145．A．in B．by C．at D．on
146．A．leap B．look C．call D．lean
147．A．postponed B．canceled C．extended D．delayed
148．A．prevented B．strengthened C．reserved D．improved
149．A．Meanwhile B．Still C．Instead D．Furthermore
150．A．died B．remained C．departed D．survived











参考答案：

1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．D 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．B

【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了信息时代，应该对我们所接触的信息进行筛选、分类或排序，以消除信息焦虑，尽量减少不必要的分心，使生活更有目的性。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，我们可以采取一些措施来消除很多焦虑。A.curiosity好奇心；B.trouble麻烦；C.interest兴趣；D.anxiety焦虑。根据上文“All information makes us anxious.”可知，所有的信息都让我们焦虑，推知，此处指我们可以采取一些措施来消除焦虑（anxiety）。故选D项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，我们可以说，在信息时代生存是一项具有挑战性但有回报的任务。A.donating捐赠；B.rewarding回报；C.interesting有趣的；D.searching搜索。结合语境以及根据该句中的“information Age is a challenging”可推知，信息时代具有挑战性的，有回报的（rewarding）。故选B项。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一种方法是有意识地处理信息，比如在谈话中。A.sensitive敏感的；B.conscious有意识的；C.unconscious无意识；D.reasonable公平的。根据下文“…such as during conversation,we ve a great deal of control over this type of information processing—both as givers and receivers”可知，下文就此举例：比如在谈话中，作为信息的给予者和接受者，我们对这种类型的信息处理有很大的控制权，推知此处指有意识（conscious）处理信息。故选B项。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们任凭我们谈论微小的事情，甚至有害的信息，可能会浪费宝贵的时间和精力。A.energy精力；B.wealth财富；C.power权力；D.health健康。根据下文“Meanwhile this can make us and others anxious. You may lose opportunities to absorb and distribute information that is truly useful for 　　5　　 in this troubled world.”可知，与此同时，这会让我们和其他人感到焦虑，在这个混乱的世界里，你可能会失去吸收和传播真正有助于生存的信息的机会。推知，此处指任凭我们谈论微小的事情，甚至有害的信息可能会浪费宝贵的时间和精力（energy）。故选A项。
5．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：在这个混乱的世界里，你可能会失去吸收和传播真正有助于生存的信息的机会。A.expanding扩大；B.surviving生存；C.stretching拉伸；D.bearing承受。根据上文“We might say, then, that survival in the information Age is a challenging yet 　　2　　 task.”可知，在信息时代“生存（survival ）”是一项具有挑战性但却有回报的任务，推知此处指可能会失去吸收和传播真正有助于生存（surviving）的信息的机会。故选B项。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过阅读收集的信息是有意识地处理的，因此需要花费最长的时间。A.still还；B.however然而；C.hence因此；D.yet然而。根据 “Information gathered by reading is processed consciously…takes longest”可知，上下文句意是因果关系，通过阅读收集的信息是有意识地处理的，因此（hence）需要花费最长的时间。故选C项。
7．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：书面文字仍然是激发想象力、传达信息、想法和概念的最有力方式。A.cooperating配合；B.finding发现；C.removing移除；D.stimulating激发。根据“…imagination and conveying information, ideas, and concept”可知，此处指书面文字仍然是激发（stimulating）想象力、传达信息、想法和概念的最有力方式。故选D项。
8．考查短语辨析。句意：我们如何处理来自各种来源的信息，比如阅读材料、电视节目、电脑游戏和其他娱乐活动？答案是筛选。A.think of想起，认为；B.deal with处理，强调处理的方式，常与how连用；C.do with处理，强调处理的对象，常与what连用；D.rule over统治。根据 “How can we.. so much information from various sources”可知，此处指处理（deal with）信息，强调处理的方式。故选B项。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们如何处理来自各种来源的信息，比如阅读材料、电视节目、电脑游戏和其他娱乐活动？答案是筛选。A.recreational娱乐的；B.professional职业的；C.humorous幽默的；D.traditional传统的。根据“…such as reading material, TV program, computer games…”可知，此处列举了各种信息的来源，包括阅读材料、电视节目、电脑游戏和其他娱乐（recreational）活动。故选A项。
10．考查短语辨析。句意：筛选、整理或优先考虑我们需要听、看、说或读的内容可能会消除很多信息焦虑。A.break into闯入；B.bring about引起；C.get rid of消除，摆脱；D.come to涉及到。根据第一段“All information makes us anxious.”可知，所有的信息都让我们焦虑，推知此处指筛选、整理或优先考虑我们需要听、看、说或读的内容可能会消除（get rid of）很多信息焦虑。故选C项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：要想消除令人困惑的信息，请遵循以下基本原则：保持简单！处理信息的秘密在于缩小你的信息范围。A.catch接住；B.offer提供；C.abandon放弃；D.apply遵循，实施。根据该空后“this basic rule: keep it simple!”可知，此处指遵循实施（apply）以下基本原则。故选D项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：处理信息的秘密在于缩小你的信息领域。A.rank等级；B.limit限度；C.field领域；D.lane小路。根据上文“keep it simple!”可知，要想消除令人困惑的信息，就要保持简约，推知此处指缩小信息领域（field）。故选C项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在许多亚洲文化中，简约是被推荐的，甚至在西方文化中被认为是一种优越的生活方式。A.received收到；B.supplied提供；C.labeled标记；D.recommended推荐。根据下文“…and is even recognized in Western cultures as a superior way of living”可知，甚至简约在西方文化中被认为是一种优越的生活方式，与上文构成递进关系，推知，在许多亚洲文化中，简约是被推荐的（recommended）。故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作家杜安·埃尔金（Duane Elgin）说，“生活得更简单就是生活得更有目的性，尽量减少不必要的分心。A.offered提供；B.stated声明，说；C.declined拒绝；D.opposed反对。根据下文““To live more simply is to live more purposefully and with a 　　15　　 of needless distraction.””可知，下文直接引用了作家杜安·埃尔金说的话，推知，此处指作家杜安·埃尔金说（stated）。故选B项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：作家杜安·埃尔金（Duane Elgin）说，“生活得更简单就是生活得更有目的性，把不必要的干扰减到最低限度。A.maximum最大限度；B.minimum最低限度；C.quantity大量；D.presence在场。根据该句中的“To live more simply is to live more purposefully …”可知，生活得更简单就是生活得更有目的性，推知，此处把不必要的干扰减到最低限度（minimum）。故选B项。

16．B 17．A 18．D 19．C 20．B 21．B 22．D 23．C 24．A 25．C 26．B 27．D 28．A 29．B 30．C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新近诺贝尔奖得主Abdulrazak Gurnah——一个不太受到关注的非裔英国作家，以及他的作品的特点。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年，Abdulrazak Gurnah宣布获胜，这一作用得以实现。A. assumed假设，猜测；B. fulfilled完成，实现；C. interpreted诠释，解释；D. handled解决。根据下文“the announcement of Abdulrazak Gurnah as winner”可知，Abdulrazak Gurnah宣布获胜标志着诺贝尔文学奖照亮那些不太受关注的人的作用实现了。故选B。
17．考查名词短语辨析。句意：与之前生活在英国的受欢迎的获奖者不同，他不是一个家喻户晓的名字。A. household name家喻户晓；B. black horse黑马；C. new face新面孔；D. walking dictionary活字典。此处照应前文的“popular”指不被大众所知道的获奖者，即并非家喻户晓。故选A。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如他在宣布获奖后所说的那样，他本可以获得更多的读者，但他的出版物未能做到这一点。A. demanded要求；B. tended趋向于；C. qualified使……有资格；D. failed失败。根据下文“His publisher felt sorry for the fact”推知，他的出版物没能为他获得更多的读者。故选D。
19．考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，从来没有人注意过他。A. cast doubt on质疑；B. shown sympathy for对……同情；C. taken any notice of注意；D. put trust in信任。根据上文“he is one of the greatest living African writers;”和表示转折意义的yet可知，尽管Abdulrazak Gurnah是现在非洲最了不起的作家之一，但却没有得到任何人的注意。故选C。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里有一个分歧，那就是谁在看，什么才算正式被注意到。A. bridge桥梁；B. gulf海湾，鸿沟，分歧；C. opposition相反；D. association联合。根据下文“who is doing the looking, and what counts as officially being noticed.”可知，此处是指怎样才算被关注，因为标准不一样，结果就不一样，因此这里存在一个分歧。故选B。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有一个定义问题：称Gurnah 为非洲作家。A. illustration阐述；B. definition释义，定义；C. navigation导航；D. accusation指控，控告。根据下文“Gurnah was born in Zanzibar, and left for Britain when he was 18”和“He has lived in Britain ever since. ”可知，Gurnah虽然出生在非洲但自18岁以后就一直生活在英国，因此称他为“非洲作家”还存在定义上的问题。故选B。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gurnah出生在桑给巴尔，18岁时前往英国，为他希望的更平静的局面而逃离地区冲突，结果发现那里的暗流更强。A. prizing珍视，重视；B. initiating发起，创始；C. fighting战斗，斗争；D. escaping逃避，逃离。根据上文提到他18岁离开非洲到英国可知，他是为了逃离地区冲突，希望来到更平静的局面。故选D。
23．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他开始并坚持写作，以使自己理解种族主义、排斥、贫困和孤独的冲击。A. take care小心；B. take charge负责；C. make sense有道理，理解；D. make sure确定。make sense of“理解”。结合句意可知，此处是指Gurnah通过写作让自己理解种族主义、排斥、贫困和孤独的冲击。故选C。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他的十部小说反复回到这个主题，这始于1996年《令人钦佩的沉默》。A. repeatedly反复地，再三地；B. periodically定期地；C. scarcely几乎不；D. accidentally偶然地。根据上文“He began and stuck to writing to 　　8　　, to himself, of the shock -- of racism, rejection, poverty and loneliness.”可知，Gurnah的小说反复以种族主义、排斥、贫困和孤独为主题。故选A。
25．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它可以由两者组成，也可以完全不由两者组成。A. bother with打扰，烦扰；B. contribute to    促成，有助于；C. consist of由……组成；D. admit to录取，允许某人进入……。根据上文“His work exists because of Britain as well as Zanzibar”可知，Gurnah的作品有时由这两个国家的文化组成。故选C。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它源于对英国文学的了解(Gurnah是肯特大学的文学教授)，也源于他的第一语言——伊斯兰的节奏和故事。A. spite恶意，怨恨；B. knowledge知识，了解；C. empathy移情，共情；D. necessity必需品。根据“Gurnah is professor of literature at the University of Kent”可知，Gurnah的作品部分是源于他对英国文学的了解，因为他是肯特大学的文学教授。故选B。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：引人注目的是，英国的13位诺贝尔文学奖得主中，有很多人都出生在国外，到2019年，英国14%的人口出生在国外。A. Obviously显然；B. Naturally自然而然；C. Consequently因此；D. Strikingly惊人地，醒目地。根据下文“many of the UK’s thirteen Nobel-winning writers were born elsewhere”可知，英国的诺贝尔文学奖得主大多出生在国外的事实是令人震惊的。故选D。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gurnah曾谈到，世界上有多少地方仍在处理殖民主义造成的创伤，特别是“失去你在世界上的位置”的经历——在那里，位置不仅是地理上的，还包括归属感、地位和文化。A. imposed强制实行；B. healed治愈；C. received收到；D. examined检查。结合常识和“colonialism”可知，殖民主义是强加在人们身上的。故选A。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。Gurnah曾谈到，世界上有多少地方仍在处理殖民主义造成的创伤，特别是“失去你在世界上的位置”的经历——在那里，位置不仅是地理上的，还包括归属感、地位和文化。A. psychological心理的，精神上的；B. geographical地理上的；C. ideological思想上的，意识形态；D. demographical人口统计的。根据上文“losing your place in the world”和下文“belonging, status and culture”可知，这里提到的位置不仅仅是地理上的，还包括归属感、地位和文化。故选B。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从这个意义上说，Gurnah的作品不能再英国化的了，它们聚焦了那些可能在历史上不被记住的人——店主、家庭主妇、学生和难民。A. discounts打折；B. awards颁奖；C. spotlights特别关注，突出报道；D. evaluates评估。结合句意可知，此处是指Gurnah的作品关注都是那些在历史上可能不被记住的平凡人物。故选C。

31．B 32．D 33．A 34．A 35．C 36．B 37．C 38．D 39．A 40．B 41．D 42．C 43．B 44．C 45．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了历史上重要的一次游行——华盛顿大游行。
31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在华盛顿的游行聚集了许多不同的民权组织，工会和宗教组织，包括美国全国有色人种协进会，美国劳工联合会和南方基督教领袖会议。A.academic学术的；B.religious宗教的；C.vocational 职业的；D.commercial商业的。根据下文中“the Southern Christian Leadership Conference”可知，此处指包含了一些宗教组织。故选B。
32．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，并不是所有的民权活动家都支持这次游行。A.Furthermore而且； B.Therefore因此；C.Instead相反；D.Nevertheless然而。结合前文中讲述了这次游行中有许多民权组织参加。下文“not all civil rights activists were in favor of the march”可知，此处与上文的逻辑为转折关系，故选D。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝亚德 · 拉斯廷，虽然是游行的主要组织者之一，担心游行会演变成暴力事件，损害民权运动的国际声誉。A.reputation声誉，名声；B.community社区 C.agreement协议；D.status地位。结合前文“it would turn violent and damage the international”可知，此处指担心损害民权运动的国际声誉。故选A。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：其他人，比如马尔科姆 · 艾克斯，他帮助推广了激进的黑人权力运动，他看不起华盛顿的游行的非暴力方式。A.approach方法，方式；B.tendency趋势；C.intensity强度；D.exposure暴露，曝光。根据前文“concerned that it would turn violent”可知，此处游行并没有暴力行为，声誉此处指对于这种非暴力的方式他看不起。故选A。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：马尔科姆 · 艾克斯称其为”华盛顿闹剧”，指责黑人民权活动家与白人合作，接受白人捐款。A.criticism批评；B.apologies道歉；C.donations捐赠；D.challenges挑战。结合前文“teaming with whites ”可知，此处指接受白人们的捐赠。故选C。
36．考查介词短语辨析。句意：1963年8月28日，25万抗议者聚集在华盛顿特区的国家广场，为非裔美国人争取公民，政治和经济权利。A.on behalf of代表；B.in favor of支持；C.by means of 凭借；D.on account of因为，由于。根据前文“to demonstrate”及下文“full civil, political, and economic rights for African Americans”可知，此处指游行示威是为了赢取权利。选项B符合题意，故选B。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：华盛顿游行是美国历史上，最大规模的人权示威活动之一，也是非暴力直接行动力量的壮观例证。A.justification正当理由；B.symbol标志；C.example事例；D.version样式，版本。前文提到了华盛顿游行，所以此处指这次游行是一个例子。故选C。
38．考查名词词义辨析。句意：1963年是亚伯拉罕 · 林肯《解放黑奴宣言》100周年，集会的主题之一是解放黑奴的承诺仍未兑现。A.presence存在；B.interpretation解释；C.potential 潜力；D.promise承诺。根据下文“emancipation remained unfulfilled”可知，此处指承诺为实现。故选D。
39．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：游行在华盛顿纪念碑开始，在林肯纪念堂结束，游行的发起组织的代表在那里发表演讲。A.sponsoring发起的；B.opposing反对的；C.striking引人注目的； D.emerging新兴的，发展初期的。根据空白前后的内容可知，此处指发起此次游行的组织的代表们发表演讲。故先A。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当天最后一位演讲者是马丁·路德·金博士，他发表了整个民权运动时代最著名的演讲“我有一个梦想”，这个演讲展望了一个世界，在这个世界里，人们不是以肤色来评判，而是以性格的内涵来评判。A.analyzed分析；B.envisioned展望，想象；C.compromised妥协；D.emphasized强调。根据上文可知，此次游行的主题是为黑人争取权利，说明这些权利并没有，根据下文“a world in which people were judged not by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.”可知，马丁·路德·金希望能有这样一个世界，选项B符合题意，故选B。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为这个演讲，一个普遍的误解产生了，认为是金博士发起了集会。A.phenomenon现象；B.theory理论；C.practice实践；D.misconception误解。上文讲到了在游行结束时，游行的发起组织的代表在那里发表演讲。而金只是其中的一个演讲者。结合下文“it was Dr. King who initiated the rally”可知，这是一个误解。故选D。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，向华盛顿进军的想法是属于菲利普·伦道夫的，他是一位黑人劳工领袖，在游行期间领导着美国黑人劳工委员会，之前还组织了美国历史上第一个非裔美国人工会——卧铺搬运工兄弟会。A.founded建立；B.opposed 反对；C.headed领导；D.favored喜欢。根据前文“a black labor leader ”可知，作为一个劳工领袖，他应该是领导美国黑人劳工委员会。故选C。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：向华盛顿进军的唯一目的不是要废除吉姆 · 克劳法，这意味着南方黑人将继续生活在贫穷和不平等的条件下，白人剥夺了他们来之不易的政治权利和自由，尽管抗议者当然希望迅速结束南方内战后制度化的种族隔离。A.granting授予，承认；B.denying否认；C.threatening威胁；D.declining下降，衰落。结合前文华盛顿游行的目的可知，白人们对黑人的政治权利和自由是否认的。故选B。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：向华盛顿进军的唯一目的不是要废除吉姆 · 克劳法，这意味着南方黑人将继续生活在贫穷和不平等的条件下，白人剥夺了他们来之不易的政治权利和自由，尽管抗议者当然希望迅速结束南方内战后制度化的种族隔离。A.substantial大量的，多的；B.royal皇家的，王室的；C.swift迅速的；D.remarkable显著的。根据前文“the protesters certainly desired to bring”及后文“end to the segregation that had been institutionalized in the South after the Civil War”可知，对于不平等的种族隔离制度，黑人自然是渴望迅速结束。故选C。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然集会的组织者要求所有学校取消种族隔离，但大多数的要求都围绕着经济公正的问题，比如公共设施和住宿、住房、教育和工作的平等权利。A.prosperity繁荣；B.security安全；C.policy政策；D.justice公平，公正。根据下文“like equal access to public facilities and accommodations, housing, education, and jobs”可知，此处指经济公平的问题。故选D。

46．B 47．B 48．B 49．B 50．C 51．A 52．C 53．A 54．C 55．D 56．D 57．D 58．D 59．D 60．A

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。巴西总统换届将给巴西政府提供一个机会，扭转那些与全球气候变化有关的政策。因巴西现任总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗及其国会为了经济发展制定的政策法律，不仅危及亚马逊雨林的生态，影响全球气候，也波及到其中居民生活。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2022年的总统选举将为巴西政府提供一个机会，扭转那些导致全球气候变化的政策。A. referred参考；B. contributed贡献，促成；C. amounted总计；D. related联系。根据下文“The country is home to 60% of the Amazon rainforest, which has historically been an important carbon　　　2　　　　. But a worrying study published in 2021 in Nature found that over the past decade it has　　　3　　　　become a carbon source.The culprits: forest fires and deforestation, which has soared by more than 40% since President Jair Bolsonaro　　　3　　　　in 2019.”可知，过去十年中，巴西雨林从一个重要的“碳汇”转变成了一个“碳源”，导致全球气候恶化，这个气候问题的罪魁祸首是森林火灾和森林砍伐，尤其是2019年上台执政的总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗的政策导致森林火灾和森林砍伐激增了40%以上。短语contribute to，意为“促成，是……的原因之一”。故选B项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个国家拥有60%的亚马逊雨林，在历史上一直是一个重要的碳汇。A. footprint足迹；B. sink水槽；C. source来源；D. emission排放。根据下一句“But a worrying study published in 2021 in Nature found that over the past decade it has　　　3　　　　become a carbon source.”可知，2021年发表在《自然》杂志上的一项令人担忧的研究发现，在过去十年里，它反而成为了一种碳源，所以可推知，亚马逊雨林功能反转，从吸收二氧化碳的“碳汇”转变为排放二氧化碳的“碳源”。短语carbon sink，意为“碳汇”。故选B项。
48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但2021年发表在《自然》杂志上的一项令人担忧的研究发现，在过去十年里，它反而成为了一种碳源。A. indeed确实；B. instead反而；C. accidentally意外地；D. otherwise否则。根据上一句“The country is home to 60% of the Amazon rainforest, which has historically been an important carbon　　　2　　　　　.”可知，亚马逊雨林以前是吸收二氧化碳的“碳汇”，而本句句首转折连词but，说明亚马逊雨林如今不再有碳汇功能，反而成了不利全球气候的碳源。故选B项。
49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个问题的罪魁祸首是森林火灾和森林砍伐，自2019年总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗上任以来，森林火灾和森林砍伐激增了40%以上。A. stepped down任期届满；B. took office上台；C. claimed precedence请求优先权；D. kept watch看守。根据本段第一句“A presidential election in 2022 will offer a chance for Brazil’s government to reverse policies that have　　　1　　　　to global climate change.”可知，2022年巴西要进行总统换届选举，故President Jair Bolsonaro应该是于2019年上台的现任总统。故选B项。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：活动人士说，这鼓励了非法伐木、采矿和掠夺土地。A. seasonal季节性的；B. selective选择性的；C. illegal非法的；D. professional职业的，专业的。根据上文“On his watch, environmental enforcement and fines dropped to record lows.”可知，巴西总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗颁布的政策中，环境执法和罚款降至历史最低水平，变相地鼓励了非法伐木、采矿和掠夺土地，因为罚金不多。故选C项。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今年6月，环境部长里卡多·萨列斯（Ricardo Salles）在联邦警察开始调查他涉嫌参与木材走私后辞职。A. involvement参与；B. attachment依附；C. limitation限制；D. existence存在。根据上文“On his watch, environmental enforcement and fines dropped to record lows.”可知，巴西总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗颁布的政策中，环境执法和罚款降至历史最低水平，因为犯罪成本低，连环境部长都涉足木材走私以获取非法收益。故选A项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：民意调查显示，博尔索纳罗可能会输掉选举。A. advise建议；B. advocate提倡；C. suggest表明，显示；D. represent代表。根据上一句“A greener president would try to crack down on such crimes.”可知，一个更环保的总统会试图打击此类犯罪，民意调查的结果是：民众需要一个会打击此类犯罪的总统，博尔索纳罗做得不到位，所以他可能下台。故选C项。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的继任者可能会说服德国和挪威解冻亚马逊基金，这是一笔用于执法和可持续发展的资金，由于人们对博尔索纳罗的政策感到担忧，该基金在2019年被撤回。A. sustainable可持续的；B. economic经济的；C. rapid快速的；D. rural农村的。根据最后一段第一句“Better leadership in Brazil could jump-start regional efforts to boost enforcement and find sustainable　　　　　　　　to deforestation for the rainforest’s inhabitants.”可知，在解冻亚马逊基金之后，巴西更好的领导可以启动区域努力来加强执法力度，并为雨林居民寻找可持续的森林砍伐的替代方案；sustainable为复现词，故选A项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：新总统还可能重启与乔•拜登总统之间的谈判，拜登曾提出，一旦巴西开始（在森林保护方面）显示出成效，他将为亚马逊雨林创设一个200亿美元的基金。A. claim索取；B. manage管理；C. create创造；D. borrow借。根据语境可知，除了德国和挪威的亚马逊基金，美国在“once Brazil starts showing results”的条件下，拜登也愿意出资建立基金会，提供基金帮助亚马逊雨林的修复工作。故选C项。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，即使是一位开明的总统，也不得不与牟利的国会斗争，因为国会正在考虑一系列威胁雨林及其居民的法律。A. farmer-friendly对农民友好的；B. warm-blooded；C. pressure-free无压力的；D. profit-making盈利的，牟利的。根据第二段“Activists say this has encouraged　　　5　　　　logging, mining, and land-grabbing.”可知，新总统要保护亚马逊及其居民，就得和通过伐木、采矿和掠夺雨林中居民的土地来牟利的国会作斗争。故选D项。
56．考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中包括一项被戏称为“土地掠夺法”的土地合法化法案，以及一项使在土著领土上的非法采矿这事合法化的法案。A. realise实现；B. normalize正常化；C. publicise宣传；D. legalise合法化。根据上文“But even an enlightened president will have to battle a　　　　10　　Congress, which is considering a number of laws that threaten the rainforest and its inhabitants.”可知，国会正在考虑一系列威胁雨林及其居民的法律；第二段中“On his watch, environmental enforcement and fines dropped to record lows. Activists say this has encouraged　　　5　　　　logging, mining, and land-grabbing.”可知，国会制定的法律，使非法的采矿，土地掠夺都合法化。故选D项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：8月，当最高法院就一项将土著居民的领土限制在1988年新宪法通过时所占用的土地上的案件进行辩论时，数千名土著居民在首都露宿街头。A. sold  出售；B. explored探索；C. cleared清除；D. occupied占领，居住。根据本段第二句中“These include a land-regularisation bill nicknamed the ‘land-grabbing law’”可知，国会在考虑“征地法”，把占用土著居民的土地搞成合法的法案，根据语境，土著居民的领土会被缩小，局限在1988年时他们居住的那片区域。故选D项。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：法院推迟了决定，但国会正在考虑一项具有同样效果的法律。A. election选举；B. argument论点；C. appeal上诉；D. decision决定。根据上一句“In August thousands of indigenous people camped out in the capital as the supreme court debated a case that would restrict their territories to land that was　　　12　　　when a new constitution was passed in 1988. ”可知，当最高法院就一项将土著居民的领土限制在1988年新宪法通过时所占用的土地上的案件进行辩论时，数千名土著居民在首都露宿街头，以示抗议，所以法院推迟限制土著居民领地的决定。故选D项。
59．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：法院推迟了决定，但国会正在考虑一项具有同样效果的法律。A. main主要的；B. varied不同的；C. final最终的；D. same相同的。根据第四段第二句中“These include a land-regularisation bill nicknamed the ‘land-grabbing law’”可知，国会在考虑“征地法”，把占用土著居民的土地搞成合法的法案，与法院的意图相同。故选D项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：巴西更好的领导可以启动区域努力，加强执法力度，并为雨林居民寻找可持续的森林砍伐的替代方案。A. replacements代替；B. transitions转变；C. alternatives可供选择的事物；D. references参考。根据第一段最后一句“The culprits: forest fires and deforestation, which has soared by more than 40% since President Jair Bolsonaro　　　　4　　　in 2019.”可知，自2019年以来，森林火灾和森林砍伐激增，要修复亚马逊的碳源状态，恢复到碳汇功能，要禁止滥砍滥伐，非法盗伐，给森林居民找一条可持续发展的出路。故选A项。

61．C 62．D 63．B 64．C 65．B 66．A 67．B 68．A 69．B 70．D 71．B 72．B 73．A 74．C 75．A

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马克·吐温的个人经历和他的一些代表作。
61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：内战后，马克·吐温短暂地在邦联军队服役，然后重新回到哥哥俄里翁那里，他哥哥最近在内华达州政府中获得了一个职位，作为对他在亚伯拉罕·林肯总统连任竞选中所做工作的奖励。A. reception 招待、接待；B. admission 承认、准许（进入）C. reward 奖励、回报；D.award 奖品 、奖学金。 根据下文“for his work on President Abraham Lincoln's re-election campaign”可知，他哥哥在总统连任竞选中做了一些工作，所以获得一个职位应该是一种“奖励”。故选C项。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1862年，他加入了杂志，当他把幽默的报道和传统的文章交替使用时，他几乎只用马克·吐温的笔名。A. associating 结合、使联合；B. replacing 替代；C. comparing 比较；D. alternating 使交替。根据下文“his humorous reports with conventional pieces”可知，应该是“交替”使用幽默的报道和传统的文章更符合语境。故选D项。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在19世纪60年代的剩余时间里，吐温四处旅行，并将他的观察结果发表在各种西海岸出版物上。A. attributed 把……归因于；B. contributed 促成、投稿；C. distributed 分配；D.formulated 规划、用公式表示。根据下文“his observations to various West Coast publications”可知，应该是他给西海岸出版刊物“投稿”符合语境。故选B项。
64．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在这一时期，他最著名和最臭名昭著的作品之一，是作为《加州新闻报》的记者发表的，他说服该报的编辑们资助他在贵格会(Quaker)船上进行为期五个月的欧洲和中东旅行。A. therefore 因此；B. moreover 此外、而且；C. however 然而；D. besides 除……之外、而且。根据上文“For much of this period he even served as an official journalist for the San Francisco Daily Morning”可知，他担任了报纸的官方记者，与下文内容之间是转折关系。故选C项。
65．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在这一时期，他最著名和最臭名昭著的作品之一，是作为《加州新闻报》的记者发表的，他说服该报的编辑们资助他在贵格会(Quaker)船上进行为期五个月的欧洲和中东旅行行。A. inspired 激励、鼓舞；B.convinced 使信服、说服；C. promised 承诺、保证；D. appealed 呼吁、上诉。根据下文“to finance a five-month journey aboard the Quaker in Europe and the Middle East”可知，他“说服”了编辑们来资助旅行。故选B项。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：回到美国后，他编撰了《贵格会城市书信集：傻子出国记》（1869年），并同意了他作为公共讲师出场的广泛要求。A. presence 存在、出席、出场；B. experience 经历、经验；C. emergence 出现；D. competence 能力、胜任。根据下文“as a public lecturer”可知，作为一个公共演讲师而“出场”符合语境。故选A项。
67．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：《傻子出国记》在商业和评论界都取得了巨大的成功。A. crucial 至关重要的；B. critical 批判的、评论性的；C. magical 魔法的、神奇的；D. economical 经济的、节约的。根据上文“Twain enjoyed considerable commercial and”可知，小说家的成功除了商业方面外，还有“评论的”方面比较符合语境。故选B项。
68．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这本书的受欢迎程度令人吃惊，因为这本书是由一家订阅出版社出版的。A. surprising 令人惊讶的；B. encouraging 鼓舞人心的；C. confusing 令人迷惑的；D. satisfying 令人满意的。根据下文“for the book was published by a subscription house”可知，这本书的受欢迎程度是“令人惊讶的”。故选A项。
69．考查介词短语辨析。句意：感兴趣的读者会提前支付图书费用，反过来图书只有在保证足够的销量后才会真正出版。A. in case 万一、假使；B. in turn 反过来、转而、轮流；C. in person 亲自；D. in time 及时、迟早、最终。根据上文“Interested readers would pay in advance for the book”可知，此处用“反过来”引起下文的内容，符合语境。故选B项。
70．考查动词词义辨析。句意：感兴趣的读者会提前支付图书费用，反过来图书只有在保证足够的销量后才会真正出版。A. boosted 促进、使增长；B. proved 证明；C. projected 规划、预测；D. guaranteed 保证、担保。根据上文“actual publication only after sufficient sales”可知，只有销售量被“保证”了，图书才会真正出版。故选D项。
71．考查副词词义辨析。句意：马克·吐温用61章的真实故事充实了这本书——篇幅太长不利于销售——尽管如此，他还是成功地创作了一部以生动的幽默、基本的见解和描述吸引读者的作品。A. instead 代替、反而；B. nonetheless 然而、尽管如此；C. afterwards 后来、过后；D. thus 因此。根据下文“that appealed to readers with its lively humor”可知，虽然篇幅太长不利于销售，但是还是吸引了读者。所以用“尽管如此”符合语境。故选B项。
72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：马克·吐温用61章的真实故事充实了这本书——篇幅太长不利于销售——尽管如此，他还是成功地创作了一部以生动的幽默、基本的见解和描述吸引读者的作品。A. typical 典型的；B. fundamental 基本的、根本的；C. keen 渴望的、喜爱的；D. active 积极的、活跃的。根据下文“insights and depictions”可知，用“基本的、根本的”与之搭配符合语境。故选B项。
73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：书中值得注意的是在意大利威尼斯的一个片段，在这里船夫不可避免地被描述为快乐的机会主义者。A. episodes 插曲、片段；B. events 事件、比赛项目；C. landmarks 地标、标志；D. columns 专栏。根据上文“Notable in the book”可知，此处指书中的某一个“片段”。故选A项。
74．考查动词词义辨析。句意：书中值得注意的是在意大利威尼斯的一个片段，在这里船夫不可避免地被描述为快乐的机会主义者。A. rationalized 合理化；B. personalized 个性化C. characterized 描述、刻画；D. popularized 推广、普及。根据下文“as cheery opportunists”可知，此处应该指被“描述”为……符合语境。故选C项。
75．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许正是因为这本书内容广泛，幽默诙谐，《傻子出国记》仍然排名在吐温最成功的作品之一。A. ranks 排列、分等级；B. puts 放、安置；C. grades 分类、评分D. places 地点、场所。根据下文“among Twain's most accomplished works”可知，这一作品是“排名”在成功作品的行列。故选A项。

76．B 77．A 78．D 79．C 80．C 81．D 82．C 83．C 84．D 85．D 86．A 87．A 88．B 89．D 90．C

【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些被视为佩林顿镇的地标的私人住宅，在建筑者彼得·斯特朗和威廉·阿什顿的帮助下，这四座80吨重的蘑菇屋是根据地面上的模型建造的。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：距离River校区大约20分钟的路程，你可能会听到神秘的蘑菇屋粉厂公园里神奇的飞行声音。A. feel感觉； B. hear听到；C. handle处理；D. touch触摸。根据下文“sounds of magical flights ”可知声音是被听到的。故选B。
77．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些私人住宅被视为Perinton镇的地标，展示了非凡的建筑设计，有树状的门和木制雕塑，充满宝藏的马赛克，内外都有自然主义的组件。A. designs设计；B. history历史；C. background背景；D. plans计划。根据下文“with tree-like doors and wooden sculptured, treasure-filled mosaics”可知这些都是关于这些建筑的设计样式的。故选A。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些私人住宅被视为Perinton镇的地标，展示了非凡的建筑设计，有树状的门和木制雕塑，充满宝藏的马赛克，内外都有自然主义的组件。A. top顶部； B. back背部；C. surface表面；D. outside外部。根据上文的“inside”可知此处应填其反义词outside。故选D。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种奇特的艺术建筑已经获得了蘑菇屋的官方网站和媒体的广泛报道。A. platform平台；B. room房间；C. architecture建筑；D.sculpture雕塑。根据第一段的第二句中的“show off extraordinary architectural ”可知，此处表示建筑。故选C。
80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从这座房子被创建以来，它就被许多媒体积极报道。A. purchase购买；B. disappearance消失；C. creation创造 ；D. collapse倒塌。根据上文“this odd artistic architecture has gained the Mushroom House its own official website and widespread media coverage. （这种奇特的艺术建筑已经获得了蘑菇屋的官方网站和媒体的广泛报道）”可知，这个房子的设计是具有创造性的。故选C。
81．考查名词词义辨析。句意：冒险从地下车库开始到隧道，这是一个大学隧道系统的提醒，出现在蘑菇屋的外面。A. origin起源 ；B. course课程；C. journey 旅行；D. adventure冒险。根据上文“Much like Disney's Pixie Hollow, the Mushroom House appears to be a collection of “found” parts. ”可知，蘑菇屋也是有寻宝设计的，寻宝的过程就充满冒险。故选D。
82．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：蘑菇屋的圆形顶部和内部枝条状况良好，类似于在后院发现的古老蘑菇。A. sharp锋利的； B. straight笔直的；C. round圆的； D. square正方形的。根据下文“aha old mushrooms found in a backyard”在后院发现的古老蘑菇，可知蘑菇屋的屋顶应该是圆形的。故选C。
83．考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：蘑菇屋的圆形顶部和内部枝条状况良好，类似于在后院发现的古老蘑菇。A. back后面的 ；B. blind盲目的；C. similar相似的； D. access机会，权力。根据下文“But the different types of glass”可知but前应是和different相反的，那就是相似的，故选C。
84．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管简单，四个蘑菇的天花板的弯曲创造了声学效果，它可以与纽约卡内基音乐厅的网站相媲美。A. easy容易的； B. obvious明显的；C. common普遍的； D. simple简单的。根据下文的“he curved (曲线) of the ceilings in all four mushrooms create acoustics (音响效果) ”可知这个已经非常棒了，在结合上文的“though”表示让步，故选D。
85．考查动词短语辨析。句意：尽管简单，四个蘑菇的天花板的弯曲创造了声学效果，它可以与纽约卡内基音乐厅的网站相媲美。A. puts forward提出；B. begins with始于；C. takes on承担，雇佣；D. compared to与……相比。根据上文“Though 　　　　　　 the curved (曲线) of the ceilings in all four mushrooms create acoustics (音响效果)”可知四个蘑菇的天花板的弯曲创造了声学效果，这是可以与其相对比的。故选D。
86．考查固定短语辨析。句意：在建筑者彼得·斯特朗和威廉·阿什顿的帮助下，这四座80吨重的蘑菇屋是根据地面上的模型建造的。A.With the help of 在……帮助下； B. In the front of 在……前面；C. With regards to关于 ；D. In terms of依据。根据下文的“builders Peter Strong and William Ash ton”可知是在这个建筑者的帮助下完成的，故选A。
87．考查动词词义辨析。句意：蘑菇屋外面装饰着艺术作品，包括时尚的灯具和手工砖、霍比特人式的门、雕刻的树和树枝、沙模塑的墙壁和天花板、定制的木制家具和铁艺。A.  decorated装饰；B. equipped装备；C. marked标记；D. filled充满。be decorated with译为：被……装饰。根据下文“including fashionable lighting and handmade bricks”可知这些都是装饰品。故选A。
88．考查名词词义辨析。句意：蘑菇屋外面装饰着艺术作品，包括时尚的灯具和手工砖、霍比特人式的门、雕刻的树和树枝、沙模塑的墙壁和天花板、定制的木制家具和铁艺。A. flower花；B. branch树枝；C. grass草地；D. leave树叶。根据上文的“tree”可知，这是与树有关的，那就是树枝。故选B。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些艺术品都是由当地艺术家设计和制作的。A. spread传播；B. bought买；C. observed观察；D. made制作。根据上文“all designed”可知设计出来以后，下一步就是按照设计做出来。故选D。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然这像是一场梦，但它承载着甜蜜的过去。A. expresses表达 ；B. concluded结束；C. carries承载； D. loads装载。根据上文“Though this seems like a dream”可知下半句是转折关系，故选C。

91．C 92．A 93．D 94．B 95．B 96．A 97．A 98．B 99．C 100．D 101．B 102．D 103．D 104．D 105．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了数学天堂——无限期地保持身体存活的障碍似乎仍然不可逾越。但是一些科学家认为，数字技术开辟了另一种可能性：创造“自我”的数字副本，可在肉体丧失功能后依然长久保持“活着”的在线状态。
91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无限期地保持身体存活的障碍似乎仍然不可逾越。A. devotion致力于；B. reference参考；C. obstacle障碍；D. priority优先权。根据“to keeping your body alive indefinitely still seem unbeatable(无限期地保持身体存活似乎仍然不可逾越)”可知，空格处指障碍。故选C。
92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是一些科学家认为这种可能性被数码技术打开了。A. possibility可能性；B. challenge挑战；C. pressure压力；D. judgment判断。根据“but some scientists think there is another(但是一些科学家认为那里有另一种)”可知，一些科学家认为还有另外的可能性。故选A。
93．考查动词词义辨析。句意：创造“自我”的数字副本，可在肉体丧失功能后依然长久保持“活着”的在线状态。A. revealed透露；B. adapted调整；C. preserved保存；D. ceased停止。根据“creating a digital copy of your “self” and keeping that “alive” online long”可知，创造“自我”的数字副本，这种技术可在肉体丧失功能后依然长久保持“活着”的在线状态。故选D。
94．考查固定短语辨析。句意：实际上，这种提议是用电子技术克隆一个人。A. In consequence结果；B. In effect实际上；C. In contrast对比；D. In total总共。根据“the proposal is to clone a person electronically.”可知实际上，这种提议是用电子技术克隆一个人。故选B。
95．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：孩子和他们的父母有相似的特征。A. relevant相关的；B. identical同一的；C. distinctive独特的；D. limited有限的。根据“the familiar physical clones”可知传统的身体克隆是同一特征的克隆。孩子和父母很像。故选B。
96．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是数字克隆是完全不同的组织，具有创造性的生命。A. creative创造性的；B. ambitious有雄心的；C. previous以前的；D. conscious有意识的。根据“but that are completely separate organisms”可知既然完全不同，那么就具有创造性。故选A。
97．考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个计划依赖于纳米技术的发展。A. relies on依靠；B. applies to申请；C. sums up总结；D. figures out理解。根据“the development of nanotechnology”可知一个计划依赖于纳米技术的发展。故选A。
98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ray Kurzweil预测未来20至30年左右，我们将拥有可以进入血液的纳米发射器。A. proposes提议；B. predicts预测；C. quotes引用；D. recognizes认可。根据“Ray Kurzweil — one of the prophets of artificial intelligence”可知，Ray Kurzweil是人工智能方面的一位先知，因此他常预测将来的情况。故选B。
99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ray Kurzweil预测未来20至30年左右，我们将拥有可以进入血液的纳米发射器。A processed加工；B. admitted承认；C. injected注射；D. turned变成。根据“ into the bloodstream.”可知要进入血流，就要注入。故选C。
100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大脑的毛细血管中，它们将和神经元排列在一起，检测大脑的电子活动的细节。A. update更新；B. promote提升；C. arrange安排；D. detect检测。根据“the details of the cerebral (大脑的) electronic activity.”可知是检测大脑的电子活动的细节。故选D。
101．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们也能够将信息传递给戴着特殊头盔的接受者。A. translate翻译；B. transmit传输；C. transplant移植；D. transform转换。根据“that information to a receiver inside a special helmet or cap”可知是将信息传递给戴着特殊头盔的接受者。故选B。
102．考查固定短语辨析。句意：而不是给朋友发电子邮件，你们将在虚拟的热带海滨见面。A. Regardless of不管；B. Aside from除了；C. Other than除了；D. Instead of代替，而不是。根据“meet up on some virtual tropical beach.”可知你们将在虚拟的热带海滨见面，因此代替发电子邮件。故选D。
103．考查副词词义辨析。句意：对于Ray来说，这个天国非常的忠实。A. typically典型地；B. literally字面上；C. instantly立即；D. faithfully忠实地。根据“while your virtual self carries on playing Counter Strike forever.”可知，你的虚拟自身将永远存在。因此，在Ray看来这是一个忠实的天国。故选D。
104．考查名词词义辨析。句意：基督徒信仰基督部分是因为他的重生带来了承诺：死后可以享乐。A. strength力量；B. request请求；C. clue线索；D. promise承诺。根据“that we too might be able to enjoy life after death.”可知这是承诺的具体内容。故选D。
105．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你已经获得了这些数据时，谁还会需要信仰。A. mind注意；B. soul灵魂；C. broadband宽带；D. data数据。根据上文“But why wait for the Second Coming when you can have a shot of nanobots and upload your brain onto the Internet and live on as an immortal virtual surfer?(当你有了一组纳米机器人，上传你的大脑到网络，作为一个长生不老的虚拟冲浪者生活，为什么要等下一个轮回)”可知，当你已经获得了这些数据时，谁还会需要信仰。故选D。

106．B 107．A 108．C 109．B 110．D 111．C 112．A 113．C 114．D 115．B 116．A 117．C 118．D 119．C 120．B

【分析】本文是议论文。文章主要通过60年前作者小时候和现在的孩子们的情况进行对比，呼吁父母们不要剥夺孩子们用冒险的方式去玩耍，实际上他们是在玩耍的过程中适应环境和成长。
106．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们会去探险，有时候会伤着我们自己，陷入危险，并且弄明白如何摆脱危险。A. expeditions远征；B. adventures探险；C. violence暴力；D. disasters灾难。根据下文“took risks”可知，他们就是一般的做一些有风险的事情，所以是“探险”。故选B。
107．考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第1题详解。A. figured out弄明白；B. looked over检查，仔细看；C. made for走向，前往，冲向，有利于；D. turned out结果是。根据下文“During such play, we acquired knowledge and skills that couldn’t be taught to us in school”可知，他们从探险中获得了知识和技能，说明在陷入危险之后，他们想办法解决了。故选A。
108．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们学会如何做计划，做决定，解决问题，和同龄人平等相处，体验害怕，然后找到方法解决它，体验生气，然后找到方法去克服它。A. measures措施；B. action行为；C. initiative行动计划；D. risks冒险。根据这句话的意思可知，这句话里列举的都是他们自己通过玩的收获，所以从第一步玩什么，怎么玩开始，即“做计划”。故选C。
109．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们还发现自己的兴趣，追求这些兴趣，并且变得擅长——对我们许多人来说，这些兴趣后来都变成了我们的职业。A. created创造；B. pursued追求；C. captured捕捉，俘虏；D. demonstrated演示，游行。根据这句话里的结构可知，“discovered our interests, 　　4　　 them, and became skilled at them”是对于兴趣的3个并列的阶段，所以，在发现兴趣和擅长之间，应该是发展兴趣，即追求。故选B。
110．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第4题详解。A. addictions瘾，入迷；B. predictions预计；C. expectations期待；D. careers职业。根据上文“discovered our interests, 　　4　　 them, and became skilled at them”和下文“for many of us later became”可知，在他们把兴趣培养成擅长做的事情之后，应该是把它作为职业去做了。故选D。
111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在过去的60年里，我们看到孩子们的自由和独自玩的机会越来越少了。A. increase增加；B. amount数量；C. decline下滑，下降；D. demand要求。根据上文“however”可知，上下文是转折的关系，上一段里描述他们小时候很多的时间玩耍，然而，现在的孩子的玩耍时间应该是很少了，所以是急剧下滑。故选C。
112．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同时，我们还看到年轻人沮丧和焦虑的戏剧性的增加。A. depression沮丧；B. obesity肥胖；C. digestion咀嚼，消化，理解；D. cancer癌症。根据下文“and anxiety disorders”可知，空格处是和“anxiety disorders”并列的年轻人的心理上的现象，所以是不好是状况。故选A。
113．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的孩子喜欢用适度的冒险的方式玩。A. friendly友好的；B. funny滑稽的；C. risky冒险的；D. learned知识渊博的。根据下文“they learn to deal with emergencies by playing in ways that involve risk.”可知，孩子们喜欢稍微涉及冒险的方式玩耍。故选C。
114．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为什么这样的玩耍如此的吸引人呢？A. dangerous危险的；B. frustrating沮丧的；C. striking引人注目的，出色的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据下文“inner desire for it”可知，孩子们内心有对它的渴望，所以是有吸引力的。故选D。
115．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它会引起受伤，为什么自然法则没有把这种内心的渴望消除呢？A. strengthened加强；B. eliminated排除，消灭；C. multiplied乘；D. identified鉴别，确认。根据上文“hasn’t”和疑问句的句式可知，这是作者在反问：既然会受伤，那么为什么自然法则不消除呢？故选B。
116．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当被放在新的，稍微有点令人害怕的环境中的时候，它们是心理上的无能，而这种环境对于正常被养大的动物来说是能够适应的。A. psychologically心理上地；B. physically身体上地；C. medically医学上地；D. biologically生物学上地。根据下文“when placed in new, slightly frightening environments”可知，不是它们身体上的问题，而是心理上的害怕。故选A。
117．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第11题详解。A. devote奉献；B. stick坚持；C. adapt适应；D. seek寻找。根据上文“to which normally raised animals would”可知，在作者看来，这些令人害怕的情况是可以适应并克服的。故选C。
118．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当被放在不熟悉的同龄人中时，它们会在令人无能力的害怕和不合适的挑衅中重复。A. identical同一的；B. modest谦虚的；C. miserable痛苦的；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。根据上文“They repeated between incapacitating fear and inappropriate aggression”可知，他们会感到害怕是因为被放在不熟悉的环境中。故选D。
119．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们也许长大后还是会缺少创造性的思考，做计划和承担责任的能力。A. missing错过；B. involving涉及；C. lacking缺少；D. showing显示。根据上文“So it is no surprise to me that play-deprived human children grow up insufficient in the social and emotional skills required to deal well with life’s inevitable stressors (应激源).”和这句话中的“also”可知，这里还是在分析玩耍被剥夺的孩子的缺陷，所以，他们缺少那些自主做事的能力。故选C。
120．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这个过程中，我们否认了他们用冒险的方式玩耍而学会如何去适应的机会。A. obedient顺从的，服从的；B. adaptable能适应的；C. optimistic乐观的；D. practical实际的。根据上文“They are 　　11　　 disabled when placed in new, slightly frightening environments to which normally raised animals would 　　12　　.”可知，孩子们通过冒险的方式玩耍是可以让孩子们适应新的环境和挑战的。故选B。

121．A 122．C 123．B 124．D 125．B 126．C 127．A 128．D 129．C 130．A 131．B 132．A 133．C 134．D 135．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者阐述了什么是虚拟现实，好的虚拟现实具有虚拟现实所独有的价值，即它必须在虚拟现实中更好，或者只在虚拟现实中更好，很多媒体公司都倾向于把他们拥有的东西投入到虚拟现实中，这可能是一个很好的桥梁，但它不是虚拟现实的最终目的地。
121．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项技术通过《割草机人》和《黑客帝国》等电影，以及史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格正在改编为电影的《Ready Player One》等书籍，确保了它在流行文化中的地位。A. secured确保； B. occupied占用；C. reserved保留；D. made制作。根据“ through films such as The Lawnmower Man and The Matrix, as well as books such as Ready Player One”可知，这是通过电影书籍确保了虚拟现实在流行文化中的地位。故选A项。
122．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项技术通过《割草机人》和《黑客帝国》等电影，以及史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格正在改编为电影的《Ready Player One》等书籍，确保了它在流行文化中的地位。A. adopting采用； B. collecting收集；C. adapting改编；D. revising修订。结合后文“for a movie”可知，这是通过书籍改编为电影。故选C项。
123．考查名词词义辨析。句意: 他们通过使用虚拟现实耳机展示了技术画面，使人们能够探索计算机控制的虚拟世界。A. investments投资；B. visions视野；C. promotions晋升； D. chances机会。根据空后的“ by using a VR headset, which enabled people to explore virtual, computer-controlled worlds.”可知他们通过使用虚拟现实耳机展示了技术画面。故选B项。
124．考查名词词义辨析。句意: 2017年，这些文化试金石在电视行业的脑海中浮现，因为它试图了解现实生活中的耳机是否可以用于提供新形式的戏剧、纪录片和讲故事。 A. advertising广告；B. business商务；C. tourist旅游； D. television电视。根据语境可知首先文化试金石在电视行业中实现。故选D项。
125．考查动词词义辨析。句意：承诺将耳机连接到电脑或智能手机上，您可以观看视频、玩游戏、探索虚拟世界、转过头实现360度视觉以及通过控制器进行交互。A. create创造；B. explore探索；C. shape塑造；D. dominate主宰。根据上文“The promise connect a headset to a computer or your smartphone and you can watch video, play games ”可知，这是讲通过耳机连接到电脑或智能手机上，观看视频、玩游戏、探索虚拟世界。故选B项。
126．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当前形态的虚拟现实体验包括抵御僵尸等在生存-恐怖游戏《生化危机7》中，你可以探索海洋深处或叙利亚难民营。A. develop发展；B. come来；C. range包括；D. escape逃跑。根据上文“from fending off zombies (抵御僵尸) in survival - horror game Resident Evil 7 to exploring the ocean depths or exploring a Syrian refugee camp.”可知，这是讲前形态的虚拟现实体验包括什么。故选C项。
127．考查名词词义辨析。句意：电视公司想知道更多。在本月戛纳举行的MIPTV行业大会上，虚拟现实是制片人、广播公司和科技公司的一个重要主题。A. theme主题；B. argument争论；C. industry工业； D. worry担心。根据语境这里是说虚拟现实本月戛纳举行的MIPTV行业大会的一个重要主题。故选A项。
128．考查名词词义辨析。句意: 我们只是这项技术的开始。A. conscience良心；B. tool工具；C. money金钱； D. technology技术。此处是指虚拟现实是一项新的技术。故选D项。
129．考查名词词义辨析。句意: 它是一个新的计算平台：它将成为下一个大众媒体。A. production生产；B. movement运动；C. medium媒体； D. market市场。根据上文“It’s a new computing platform: it’s going to be the next mass”可知，这里是说虚拟现实将成为下一个大众媒体。故选C项。
130．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，研究公司的绿光洞察力预测，2021的耳机所有者每年将在VR内容上花费90亿美元，电视制作人和广播公司热衷于利用这项技术开始搜索。A. predicting预测；B. quoting引用；C. considering考虑；D. finding发现。根据下文“by 2021 headset owners will spend $9bn a year on VR content”可知，这是研究公司的绿光洞察力的预测。故选A项。
131．考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，研究公司的绿光洞察力预测，2021的耳机所有者每年将在VR内容上花费90亿美元，电视制作人和广播公司热衷于利用这项技术开始尝试。A. searching搜索；B. experimenting实验，尝试；C. investigating调查；D. cooperating合作。根据下文“by 2021 headset owners will spend $9bn a year on VR content”可知，研究公司热衷于这项尝试。故选B项。
132．考查名词词义辨析。句意: 这既是一个创造性的挑战，也是一个商业挑战。 A. challenge挑战；B. ability能力；C. art艺术； D. energy精力。根据上文“This is as much a creative”可知，虚拟现实是一个挑战。故选A项。
133．考查名词词义辨析。句意: 但与电视和电影一样，虚拟现实也有潜力发展自己的语言和格式。 A. intelligence 智力；B. force力量；C. potential潜力； D. talent才能。根据后文“to evolve its own language and formats”可知这里是说虚拟现实很有潜力发展自己的语言和格式。故选C项。
134．考查形容词词义辨析。句意: 好的虚拟现实具有虚拟现实所独有的价值。A. similar 相似的；B. contrary相反的；C. different不同的； D. unique独特的。根据上文“Good VR has a value that is”以及语境可知，这里是说虚拟现实具有虚拟现实所独有的价值。故选D项。
135．考查名词词义辨析。句意: 这可能是一个很好的桥梁，但它不是虚拟现实的最终目的地。A. area 区域；B. destination目的地；C. test测验； D. skill技能。根据上文“A lot of media companies have a tendency to take what they have and put in VR. That might be a good bridge ”语境这里是说很多媒体公司都倾向于把他们拥有的东西投入到虚拟现实中,这可能是一个很好的桥梁，既然是桥梁，它就不是虚拟现实的最终目的地。故选B项。

136．C 137．A 138．D 139．B 140．A 141．A 142．D 143．B 144．A 145．D 146．D 147．B 148．B 149．C 150．D

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是历史上刺杀希特勒未遂的一些行动。
136．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果1938年9月29日签订的《慕尼黑协定》没有让希特勒在不发动战争的情况下获得与捷克斯洛伐克的战争成果，一些将军可能会叛变：秘密安排把希特勒家的大门从里面打开，以便军队可以冲进去。A. resigned辞职；B. rejected拒绝；C. rebelled叛变；D. retired退休。由后文的“Secret arrangements had been made to open from within the doors to Hitler’s house”可知，把希特勒家的门打开，这是在叛变，故选C。
137．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果1938年9月29日签订的《慕尼黑协定》没有让希特勒在不发动战争的情况下获得与捷克斯洛伐克的战争成果，一些将军可能会叛变：秘密安排把希特勒家的大门从里面打开，以便军队可以冲进去。A. force武装部队；B. strength力量；C. power权力，职权；D. energy能量。由“a military”可知，是让军队进去杀希特勒，a military force意为“军事力量”，故选A。
138．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果希特勒没有在1939年11月8日缩短原定在慕尼黑两个小时的演讲，那里的暗杀计划可能就成功了。A. prepared准备；B. assigned布置；C. suggested建议；D. scheduled安排。由“for two hours”可知，演讲原计划是两个小时，因此空格处是“安排”，故选D。
139．考查名词词义辨析。句意：两天后，随着希特勒周围的安全措施加强，一名军官的炸弹企图被放弃了。A. regulation规则；B. security安全；C. management管理；D. atmosphere氛围。由后文的“an officers’ bomb attempt was abandoned”可知，军官想炸死希特勒的企图被放弃了是因为希特勒周围的安全措施加强，故选B。
140．考查介词词义辨析。句意：在1943年3月13日的一次尝试中，隐藏在两瓶红酒中的炸药被送上了希特勒的飞机。A. aboard上（船、飞机、火车等）；B. around在周围；C. along沿着；D. across在……对面。由后文的“Hitlers’ plane”可知，放在红酒瓶里的炸药被送上了希特勒的飞机，想要炸死希特勒，故选A。
141．考查名词词义辨析。句意：仍然，飞机并没有爆炸，也许是因为飞机货舱里的炸药对寒冷敏感。A. plane飞机；B. fuse引信；C. bomb炸弹；D. cargo货物。由后文的“carried in the plane’s cargo hold”可知，飞机货舱里的炸药对寒冷敏感，所以没有使飞机爆炸，故选A。
142．考查动词词义辨析。句意：八天后，当希特勒进入一场军事展览时，一名军官点燃了他外套下一枚炸弹的引信，并紧挨着希特勒。A. set设置；B. opened打开；C. pulled拉；D. lit点燃。由第10空后的“light a short fuse”可知，此处是指“军官点燃了他外套下一枚炸弹的引信”，故选D。
143．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在展览中仅仅两分钟，希特勒就带着野兽对危险的直觉，从侧门离开了。A. nature本质；B. instinct本能，直觉；C. character角色；D. intelligence智力。由后文的“left through a side door”可知，希特勒逃跑了，是因为他有着野兽般对危险的直觉，故选B。
144．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一名24岁的上尉被纳粹的残忍所震惊，当德国抵抗组织问他是否会杀死希特勒时，他立即同意了。A. agreed同意；B. decided决定；C. declined拒绝；D. admitted承认。由后文的“was prepared to light a short fuse”可知，那个上尉同意杀死希特勒，故选A。
145．考查介词词义辨析。句意：1943年11月，希特勒计划观看一场新制服的展示，上尉随身携带一枚炸弹，随时准备点燃导火索，向希特勒倾斜。A. in在……里；B. by通过；C. at在……岁时；D. on在……上。由“his person”和“upon Hitler”可知，上尉想杀死希特勒，就把炸弹藏在自己身上，在引燃后靠在希特勒身上，on one’s person意为“在……身上”，故选D。
146．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1943年11月，希特勒计划观看一场新制服的展览会，上尉随身携带一枚炸弹，随时准备点燃导火索，向希特勒倾斜。A. leap猛冲；B. look看；C. call呼叫；D. lean倚靠。由“upon Hitler”及常识可知，要炸死希特勒，就要在炸弹快爆炸的时候靠在希特勒身上，故选D。
147．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，载有这些制服的火车车厢在柏林遭到空袭后被毁，展览因此被取消。A. postponed推迟；B. canceled取消；C. extended延长；D. delayed推迟。由后文的“the railroad car containing the uniforms was destroyed by air raid (空袭) on Berlin”可知，载有这些制服的火车车厢在柏林遭到空袭后被毁，所以新制服的展览会被取消，故选B。
148．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果1944年7月20日不是异常炎热，希特勒与施陶芬贝格等人的会议将在一个混凝土地下室举行，这样就可以增强施陶芬贝格的炸弹爆炸的威力。A. prevented阻止；B. strengthened加强；C. reserved保留；D. improved提高。由后文的“in an above-ground wooden building, where the force was weakened”可知，那天如果天不是异常炎热，他们就会在一个地下室举行会议，那样就会增强施陶芬贝格的炸弹爆炸，结果在地上举行了，所以炸弹威力减弱了，因此空格处是“增强”，故选B。
149．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他们在一个地上的木制建筑里会面，在那里炸弹的威力被削弱了。A. Meanwhile同时；B. Still仍然；C. Instead代替，相反；D. Furthermore此外。后文的“above-ground wooden building”和前面的“concrete basement”是相反的，因此空格处是“代替”，故选C。
150．考查动词词义辨析。句意：希特勒活了下来，计划中的企图杀害在几个小时内就被发现了。A. died死亡；B. remained仍然；C. departed分开；D. survived幸存。由“planned attempt was discovered in a few hours”和根据历史知识可知，希特勒并没有在那场爆炸中死亡，他活了下来，因此空格处是“幸存”，故选D。