上海高考英语完形填空专项训练

这是一份上海高考英语完形填空专项训练，共46页。
完形填空
Now that we have briefly explored the history of the short story and heard from a few of its creators, let us consider the role of the reader. Readers are not empty vessels that wait, ___1___ raised, to receive a teacher’s or a critic’s interpretation. They bring their unique life experiences to the story. With these___2___ , the best readers also bring their attention, their reading skills, and most importantly, their___3___ to a reading of a story.
My students always___4___ me to discuss, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the stories we read without destroying the excitement of being beamed up into another world. For years I ___5___with one response after the other to this challenge. Then one day I read an article by a botanist who had explored the beauty of flowers by x-raying them. His illustrations showed the rose and the lily in their___6___ beauty, and his x-rays___7___the wonders of their construction. I brought the article to class, where we discussed the benefits of examining the internal structure of flowers, relationships, current events, and short stories.
A short story, ___8___ , is not a fossil to admire. Readers must ask questions, guess at the answers,___9___what will happen next, then read to discover. They and the author form a partnership that brings the story to life. Awareness of this partnership keeps the original excitement alive through discussion, analysis, interpretation, and ____10____. Literary explorations allow the reader to admire the authors’____11____ as well as their artistry. In fact, original appreciation may be enhanced by this x-ray vision. The final step is to appreciate once again the story____12____— to put the pieces back together.
Now it is your turn. Form a partnership with your author. During your____13____in reading, enter into a dialogue with the published scholars featured in Short Stories for Students. Through this____14____with experts you will revise, enrich, or____15____your original observations and interpretations.
During this adventure, I hope you will feel the same as the listeners that surround the neck of my Pueblo storyteller.
1．A．hands B．sails C．flags D．lids
2．A．considerations B．explorations C．associations D．interpretations
3．A．imagination B．eagerness C．determination D．affection
4．A．begged B．supported C．encouraged D．challenged
5．A．dealt B．struggled C．fought D．engaged
6．A．external B．artificial C．classical D．traditional
7．A．ensured B．analyzed C．revealed D．delivered
8．A．however B．furthermore C．therefore D．besides
9．A．interpret B．anticipate C．predict D．tell
10．A．conclusion B．evaluation C．summary D．appreciation
11．A．craftsmanship B．intentions C．depth D．character
12．A．by itself B．in vain C．in question D．as a whole
13．A．observation B．involvement C．experiment D．adventure
14．A．journey B．process C．dialogue D．contact
15．A．recall B．confirm C．identify D．cancel

Ever been just about to call someone when the phone rings and the person in question is on the other end? Or have you experienced a sudden feeling of unease or danger, even though you’re in a(n)____16____situation? If you don’t believe in it, you’ll put it down to____17____and an overactive imagination. But some people believe it is ____18____that there is a sixth sense beyond smell, taste, touch, hearing and sight. Now, scientists are carrying out experiments not only to prove that it exists, but also to find out how you can____19____it to your advantage.
Dean Radin, a researcher in California, has set up the Boundary Institute in Los Altos and is currently using its website to recruit (招募) 4, 000 people in 57 countries to find out if there are any____20____instances of sixth sense or, as he calls it, “recognition”— the ability to predict outcomes. The results so far are____21____. In a card test, where you have to ____22____which of the five cards on a computer screen will be turned over to reveal a picture, the top scorers hit the the right card 48% of the time— ____23____of this happening are 2,669 to 1.
____24____, Radin’ s most famous study involves participants looking at a variety of image that are designed to stimulate a specific response. In the experiment, participants sit alone in room in front of a computer, with devices attached to their bodies to measure changes in skin resistance and blood flow, which are measures of emotional arousal. Radin has found that one in six people has a rise in arousal before they see the road accident-type pictures, while remaining _____25_____before the tree-type pictures.
But even if you do accept that a sixth sense exists, the question is, does it actually______26______? Radin says it does. “The future of our civilization depends on______27______that are being made now, whether it’s about how we farm our food, how we get rid of our waste or whether we allow chemicals to be included in everyday products. We don’ t have answers to these important questions, yet what we decide on will______28______our lives for decades or longer. Anything we can do to improve our ability to predict future events is well worth the______29______.” He says. If it turns out that some people can genuinely forecast the future some of the time, as I believe the data shows, then ______30______this ability is as important as cutting-edge science.
16．A．unfamiliar B．tough C．harmless D．ridiculous
17．A．coincidence B．resistance C．innovation D．distraction
18．A．mystery B．evidence C．falsehood D．innocence
19．A．alter B．define C．find D．use
20．A．historical B．strange C．mistaken D．true
21．A．extraordinary B．inevitable C．alarming D．disappointing
22．A．ask B．guess C．recall D．learn
23．A．figures B．methods C．scores D．chances
24．A．However B．Otherwise C．Meanwhile D．Consequently
25．A．active B．calm C．silent D．alert
26．A．serve any purpose B．take any advantage C．make any progress D．win any support
27．A．inquiries B．decisions C．donations D．comparisons
28．A．ruin B．improve C．affect D．maintain
29．A．expense B．risk C．effort D．wait
30．A．proving B．challenging C．limiting D．understanding

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D．Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Cowboy or spaceman ? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, in an essay published in 1966. we have run our____31____, he warned like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources, ____32____ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is ____33____ a grassland than a spaceship---a closed system, along in space, carrying exhaustible supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental____34____. In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists,” as they call themselves, want to____35____its aims and assumptions. What do they say---and will their ideas take off?
To its____36____, ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is____37____ in traditional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature dis not exist. That is a huge mistake.
There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through maximum use of resources. Only the____38____, they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP(gross domestic product), a simple____39____ which does not take into account resource exhaustion, unpaid work and countless other factors._____40_____, they advocate more holistic approaches, such as GPI(genuine progress indicator)，a composite(复合的) index that include things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person_____41_____in 1978: by destroying our environment, we are making ourselves poorer nor richer. The solution, according to experts, lies in a ”steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held_____42_____.
Mainstream economists are not_____43_____. GDI, they point out, is a subjective standard. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, who predicted in the 18th century, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists_____44_____ self-satisfaction. In 2009, a paper in Nature argued that human activity is already_____45_____safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change. That suggests ecologist economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.
31．A．grasslands B．nations C．economies D．spaceships
32．A．ignorant B．confident C．astonished D．anxious
33．A．less B．smaller C．more D．larger
34．A．movements B．influences C．limits D．threats
35．A．reject B．realize C．resemble D．revolutionize
36．A．challengers B．learners C．advocates D．professors
37．A．addressed B．ignored C．opposed D．reflected
38．A．advanced B．former C．latter D．scientific
39．A．number B．product C．idea D．measure
40．A．In addition B．For example C．In other words D．In its place
41．A．peaked B．plunged C．persisted D．paused
42．A．sufficient B．efficient C．constant D．adequate
43．A．impressed B．involved C．concerned D．appointed
44．A．call for B．contribute to C．warn against D．refer to
45．A．setting B．overstepping C．extending D．redrawing

In 2007, a group of researchers began testing a concept that seems as if it would never need testing: Is more happiness always better than less? The researchers asked college students to rate their feelings on a scale from “unhappy” to “very happy” and compared the results with academic and social outcomes. Although the “very happy” participants had brilliant social lives, they performed ____46____ in school than those who were merely “happy”.
The researchers then examined a data set from another study that rated college freshmen’s “cheerfulness” and ____47____ their income nearly two decades later. They found that the most ____48____ were not the highest earners. That distinction (荣誉) once again went to the second-highest group, which rated their cheerfulness as “above average.”
As with everything in life, happiness has its   ____49____. Pursuing happiness to the exclusion of other goals-known as psychological hedonism (享乐主义)—is____50____. It gives a life where you do not reach your full potential, where you are ____51____ to take risks, where you choose temporary pleasures over challenging experiences that give life meaning.
When I talk with people about their fear of negative outcomes in life, their true source of fear, in many cases, ____52____ how they will feel about having failed, not about the consequence of the failure itself. This is similar to the way that discomfort with ____53____ causes more anxiety than guaranteed bad news. To ____54____ these bad feelings, people give up kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure.
However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk. Risk does not, of course, _____55_____ make us happy. A risky life will very likely bring disappointment, but it can bring greater _____56_____ than a life played safe, as the studies above suggested.
None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy. _____57_____, the desire for happiness is natural and normal. Making the pursuit of positive feelings your highest or only goal, however, is a costly life strategy. Endless happiness is impossible to achieve, and doing so _____58_____ many of the elements of a good life. As the Canadian-American psychologist Paul Bloom wrote, “It’s the _____59_____we choose that affords the most opportunity for pleasure, meaning, and personal growth.”
Though pain should never be anyone’s goal, each of us can strive for a rich life in which we not only seek the sunshine but fully ____60____ the rain that inevitably falls as well. This is the paradox (悖论) of being fully alive.
46．A．unwillingly B．unpleasantly C．admirably D．incredibly
47．A．generated B．increased C．tracked D．drained
48．A．joyful B．wealthy C．successful D．distinctive
49．A．advantage B．balance C．opportunity D．preference
50．A．fruitful B．significant C．priceless D．rewardless
51．A．desperate B．hesitant C．likely D．tempted
52．A．centers on B．works on C．takes on D．passes on
53．A．performance B．discipline C．uncertainty D．ignorance
54．A．conceal B．create C．tolerate D．avoid
55．A．necessarily B．inevitably C．similarly D．deliberately
56．A．fascination B．rewards C．depression D．challenges
57．A．On the contrary B．That is to say C．For instance D．In turn
58．A．harvests B．encounters C．designs D．sacrifices
59．A．happiness B．wealth C．dishonor D．suffering
60．A．escape B．predict C．experience D．produce

Online Arts
Fancy an evening at the theatre but can’t face sitting there for hours? Theatre companies will happily offer live performances online. Want to see a band but____61____by the high ticket prices? No worries. Many mainstream bands allow their concerts to be____62____free of charge. Now galleries are getting____63____too, enabling sofa-bound art lovers to wander around the world’s greatest art institutions, all in high resolution(分辨率) and without fear of getting sore feet. But is it really the same as seeing paintings in the flesh? I decided to find out.
I head to the Museo Reina Sofia in Madrid, one of my favourite galleries. I enjoy myself racing past sculptures and staring at various portraits in a manner that I would disapprove of were I actually there. There’s a lot to be said for ____64____art this way. Admission is free and there aren’t any queues. ____65____, you won’t have to tolerate the noise of fellow visitors as they loudly broadcast their knowledge of the oil paintings on exhibit.
But it’s no____66____for the real thing. Billions of pixels(像素) ____67____to accurately transmit the scale or colour or atmosphere of a painting or convey the sense of wonder you feel when standing in front of it. And only in a gallery do you have the opportunity to____68____the rest of the world, engage with a work and view it in context. My enduring thought, while I am walking around the Museo Reina Sofia____69____, is how much nicer it would be if I were literally in Madrid.
____70____in almost all its forms is meant to be a shared experience, whether you are sitting in an opera house or wandering around a gallery. It is also a ritual, one that is about so much more than the cultural event itself. Often the pleasure is as much in the____71____as the execution (执行). Remove the preparation part where you imagine how it will be, and you____72____a vital part of the experience.
Lying on the sofa, with computers, phones and remote controls readily____73____, is something I routinely do. But when it comes to art appreciation, even a lazy man like me can recognise the basic____74____to leave the house. Ultimately it’s a bit like watching holidays on TV. Yes, you can cut out the sweat and the aching legs. By staying at home, you can stare at the locals without embarrassment and____75____the finest views. But it’s just not the same if you can’t feel the sun on your face.
61．A．handed down B．taken off C．put off D．locked down
62．A．streamed B．converted C．scanned D．moderated
63．A．prioritized B．stuck C．paid D．involved
64．A．recreating B．viewing C．integrating D．relaying
65．A．Plus B．Instead C．Hence D．However
66．A．boundary B．blame C．substitute D．scheme
67．A．neglect B．guarantee C．proceed D．fail
68．A．shut out B．stock up C．correspond with D．intervene in
69．A．identically B．digitally C．respectively D．ultimately
70．A．Identity B．Travelling C．Art D．Fantasy
71．A．conservation B．exception C．duration D．anticipation
72．A．take away B．engage with C．bring out D．object to
73．A．inevitable B．accessible C．adaptable D．reversible
74．A．assurance B．level C．way D．requirement
75．A．take in B．wait for C．adjust to D．emphasize on

How did Cape Town, South Africa, get into a Day Zero situation—when the city’s taps would go dry because its reservoirs (水库)would become dangerously low on water? The city gets its water from six reservoirs in Western Cape province, which usually ______76______ during the rainy season, from May through August. But since 2015 the region has been suffering from the worst drought (干旱)in a century, and the water in those reservoirs______77______ tremendously. Compounding the problem, Cape Town’s population has grown substantially, increasing ______78______ . The city actually did a pretty good job by reducing leaks in the system, a major cause of water waste, and has even won awards for its ______79______ policies. But the government of South Africa was slow to declare a national disaster in the areas hit hardest by the drought, paving the way for the recent ______80______.
Cape Town is not ______81______ . Since 2014 southeastern Brazil has been suffering its worst water shortage in 80 years,_____82_____ decreased rainfall,   forestation and other factors. And many cities in India do not have access to municipal water for more than a few hours a day, if at all.______83______ , the city of Shimla ran out of drinking water in May, urging locals to beg tourists to stay away from the popular Himalayan summer resort.
In the U.S., the situation is somewhat better, but many urban centers still ______84______ water problems. Californians recent multiyear drought led to some of the state’s driest years on record. Since about half of the state’s urban water usage is for landscaping, it was able to cut back on that fairly easily. But cities that use most of their water for more essential uses, such as drinking water, may not be so ______85______ .
______86______ , steps can be taken to avoid urban water crises. In general, a “portfolio approach” that relies on multiple water sources is probably most ______87______ . Cape Town has already begun implementing a number of water projects, including tapping groundwater and building water-recycling plants. Many other cities will need to repair existing water infrastructure (基础建设)to cut down on leakage. City leaders should be thinking about meeting long-term needs rather than just about ______88______ requirements. Good organization and financial accountability are equally critical. And planning efforts should include diverse stakeholders (利益相关者)from the community. One major challenge is providing services to informal areas, which develop without any government foresight. Such regions often ______89______ basic resources一a well-planned water supply among them. The global community has an opportunity right now to take action to prevent a series of Day Zero crises. If we don’t act, many cities may soon face a time when there isn’t a drop to ______90______ .
76．A．take over B．fill up C．make off D．set out
77．A．decreased B．rose C．remained D．drowned
78．A．likelihood B．proportion C．demand D．efficiency
79．A．architecture B．agriculture C．economy D．conservation
80．A．policy B．growth C．crisis D．change
81．A．enough B．possible C．difficult D．alone
82．A．making up for B．resulting from C．taking advantage of D．looking into
83．A．In a word B．By comparison C．What’s worse D．For example
84．A．avoid B．solve C．discuss D．face
85．A．passive B．purposeful C．adaptable D．reliable
86．A．Similarly B．Fortunately C．Initially D．Alternatively
87．A．questionable B．memorable C．effective D．confusing
88．A．daily B．legal C．maximum D．normal
89．A．neglect B．lack C．provide D．find
90．A．drink B．pour C．place D．record

Most forms of conventional advertising — print, radio and broadcast television — have been losing ground to online ads for years; only billboards, dating back to the 1800s, and TV ads are holding their own. Such out-of-home advertising, as it is known, is expected to____91____ by 3.4% in 2022, and digital out-of-home (DOOH) advertising, which includes the LCD screens found in airports and shopping malls, by 16%. Such ads draw viewers5 attention from phones and cannot be skipped or ____92____, unlike ads online.
Billboard owners are also ____93____ the location data that are pouring off people’s smartphones. Information about their owners’ locations and online browsing gets collected and sold to media owners. They then use these data to work out when different groups — “business travellers”, say — walk by their ads. That____94____ is added to insights into traffic, weather and other external data to produce highly relevant ads. DOOH ____95____ can deliver ads for coffee when it is cold and iced drinks when it is warm.
Such ____96____ works particularly well when it is accompanied by “programmatic” advertising methods, a term that describes the use of data to automate and improve ads. In the past year billboard owners such as Clear Channel and jcDecaux have ____97____ programmatic platforms which allow brands and media buyers to select, purchase and place ads in minutes, rather than days or weeks. It is said that outdoor ads will increasingly be bought like online ones, based on audience and views as well as____98____.
That is possible because billboard owners claim to be able to ____99____ how well their ads are working, even though no “click-through” rates are involved. Data firms can tell advertisers how many people walk past individual advertisements at particular times of the day. Advertisers can estimate how many individuals ____100____ to an ad for a handbag then go on to visit a nearby shop (or website) and buy the product. Such metrics make outdoor ads more____101____ -driven, automated and measurable, argues Michael Provenzano, co-founder of Vistar Media, an ad-tech firm in New York.
However, the outdoor-ad revolution is not ____102____ -free. The collection of mobile-phone data raises privacy concerns. And ____103____ of the online-ad business for being vague, and occasionally dishonest, may also be targeted at the OOH business as it becomes bigger and more complex. The industry is ready to____104____ such concerns, says Jean-Christophe Conti, chief executive of VIOOH, a media-buying platform. One of the____105____ of following the online-ad pioneers, he notes, is learning from their mistakes.
91．A．shrink B．grow C．disappear D．emerge
92．A．obtained B．blocked C．separated D．arranged
93．A．making progress in B．getting engaged in C．becoming part of D．taking advantage of
94．A．value B．record C．knowledge D．feeling
95．A．opponents B．providers C．learners D．instructors
96．A．adding B．collecting C．targeting D．producing
97．A．changed B．forbidden C．cleared D．launched
98．A．marketing B．evolution C．location D．branding
99．A．measure B．wonder C．notice D．forget
100．A．devoted B．opposed C．related D．exposed
101．A．concept B．data C．customer D．research
102．A．stress B．conflict C．injury D．problem
103．A．aspects B．demands C．criticisms D．details
104．A．address B．share C．reflect D．emphasize
105．A．benefits B．difficulties C．challenges D．conditions

Many people I know(including members of my family) feel exercise is a time-consuming and unpleasant activity. They need to change into other clothes, to frequently take a block of time out of busy lives, and to get dirty and exhausted: they find it all ____106____. But I’ve always____107____ the hard work and even the satisfaction of earning the next day’s sore muscles. And I had a slight sense of pride in knowing not only that I was helping the biological machinery that promotes health but also that I got a nice side____108____ of being able to eat cookies because I’d burned extra calories.
____109____ Or, at least, not entirely right. As science shows over and over again, our intuitive ideas of how things work often don’t ____110____ in the face of data and careful analysis. The benefits of exercise are a case in point. In this issue’s cover story, “The Exercise Paradox scientist Herman Pontzer describes a surprising and fascinating result of evolution: humans bum about the same number of calories regardless of ____111____ level. And compared with other animals, we use a lot of calories. In addition to ____112____ our common sense, the findings provide further insights about why our kind has been so extraordinarily successful, becoming the ____113____ force on the planet. By the way, to be clear, we should all ____114____. Regular activity does help our inner engines run right, and it has some benefits in elevating mood and improving cognition (认知). But enabling weight loss regardless of diet? Not so much.
The knowledge that we have had the capability to rule over our own world has____115____ the idea that we would someday also come to live on other planets. To be sure, that____116____ encompasses healthy amounts of romanticism, a sense of adventure and even concerns about having sufficient options to ensure our species long-term survival. ____117____ the “easy” problems of longer space journeys include escaping Earth’s gravity with rockets, building airtight ships with enough air to breathe, and carrying huge amounts food and water. A much harder____118____ is one that Hollywood never told you about: the damage to the brain done by cosmic radiation (宇宙射线)，which neuroscientist Charles L. Limoli describes in “Deep-Space Deal Breaker.” Will it prove to be the barrier to our ____119____ “the final frontier? One thing is certain: the human ambition means we won’t ____120____ trying.
106．A．amusing B．unappealing C．convincing D．shocking
107．A．enjoyed B．minded C．reflected D．forgot
108．A．obstacle B．benefit C．impact D．view
109．A．Wonderful B．Wrong C．Pointless D．Right
110．A．stand up B．take off C．end up D．turn off
111．A．service B．income C．activity D．demand
112．A．underrating B．over-impressing C．under-training D．overturning
113．A．dominant B．singular C．cultural D．declining
114．A．celebrate B．return C．remember D．exercise
115．A．rejected B．considered C．questioned D．inspired
116．A．ruling B．survival C．knowledge D．shift
117．A．Besides B．Otherwise C．Similarly D．Unfortunately
118．A．routine B．version C．challenge D．option
119．A．demanding B．measuring C．conquering D．recognising
120．A．stop B．advise C．deserve D．keep

If people actually embrace the concept of stress, it can make them stronger, smarter and happier, a Stanford expert says.
One reason why how you think about stress matters is that it changes how you ____121____ stress. Viewing stress as ____122____ leads people to cope in ways that are less helpful, whether it’ s dragging your feet to avoid stress, or imagining worst- case scenes.
____123____, viewing stress more positively seems to encourage people to cope in ways that help them thrive, whether it’s tackling the source of stress, ____124____ social support or finding meaning in it.
Choosing to see the upside of stress isn’t about ____125____ the fact that stress can be harmful. It’ s about trying to balance your mindset so that you feel less overwhelmed and ____126____ about the fact that your life is stressful. Psychologists have found that the ability to embrace stress requires a high ____127____ for uncertainty. You have to be able to understand that two ____128____ opposite things can be true at the same time. It can be true that ____129____ something stressful can make you sick or depressed, and it can also be true that the same stressful experience can ultimately make you stronger, more compassionate and more resilient over time.
Stress is most likely to be harmful when the following conditions are_____130_____: it feels against your will, out of your control and utterly lacking in meaning. If you can _____131_____ any of these conditions — by finding some meaning in it — you can reduce the harmful effects of stress.
Rather than being a sign that something is wrong with your life, feeling stressed can be a( n) _____132_____ of how engaged you are in activities and relationships that are personally meaningful.
One simple mindset reset that can help us face and find the good in the stress in our lives is to view it as a( n) _____133_____to learn and grow. The ability to learn from stress is_____134_____ into the basic biology of the stress response. This is why putting people through practice stress is a key _____135_____ technique for NASA astronauts, emergency responders, elite athletes and others who have to thrive under high levels of stress.
121．A．contribute to B．agree to C．respond to D．object to
122．A．beneficial B．distracting C．reliable D．harmful
123．A．In fact B．In contrast C．What’s more D．After all
124．A．seeking B．arousing C．requiring D．embracing
125．A．draining B．analyzing C．reversing D．denying
126．A．confused B．unfortunate C．hopeless D．serious
127．A．tolerance B．demand C．anxiety D．preference
128．A．generally B．seemingly C．inevitably D．significantly
129．A．putting off B．coming up with C．taking care of D．going through
130．A．present B．controversial C．constant D．equal
131．A．mask B．alter C．enhance D．trace
132．A．code B．origin C．monument D．indicator
133．A．vacancy B．substitute C．opportunity D．illustration
134．A．turned B．built C．broken D．divided
135．A．instrumental B．conflicting C．intentional D．training

What do you know about fashion? The fashion industry, which has become one of the most ____136____ to the planet, is having a moment of punishment. But which changes make a difference, and which ones just ____137____ in the wash? In fact, the fashion industry is second only to the oil industry, the most environmentally unfriendly industry.
A friend of mine ____138____ an antique clothes store in the north of London. Business has been good for many years, which makes her acquire a large fortune. Every few weeks, she visits a vast storehouse on the edge of the city to go through piles of clothing. Most of it is ____139____, but if you know what you are looking for, there are raw diamonds. The storehouse has a long history. It was once a clearing house for the low-quality wool scraps(碎料) that were used to make cheap clothing for the ____140____ in Victorian Britain. A century on, ____141____ has changed. Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products, all ____142____ cheap clothing made for the masses around the world. Except that this stuff is going to be burned or buried, not being reused.
The items are the products of an industry that, in the past 30 years, has become one of the most successful and also most ____143____ on the planet. Known as fast fashion, it has filled our wardrobes(衣柜) with cheap and cheerful clothes. But after three decades of continuous growth, the model is in ____144____ with fundamental environmental limits and there is widespread agreement – even from within the industry – that it is time to ______145______. Otherwise, “Fast fashion” creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place.
“The fashion industry represents a key environmental ______146______,” says Kirsi Niinimäki at Aalto University in Espoo, Finland. “Eventually, the long-term stability of the fashion industry ______147______ the total abandonment of the fast-fashion model.” Like fast food, fast fashion is all about instant ______148______ on the cheap.
One wonders: What can we do about it? Don’t you have any clothes on? It’s not that ______149______. More importantly, don’t waste, learn to control your desires and ______150______ falling into this “Fast fashion” lifestyle. As the guardian columnist Lucy Seagal once said, the “Fast fashion” industry is profit-driven, but consumers who have experienced “over-consumption” will naturally grow tired of it, and the market will have its choice.
136．A．convincing B．interesting C．confusing D．damaging
137．A．carry out B．come out C．set out D．break out
138．A．builds B．runs C．supports D．controls
139．A．expensive B．useless C．worthless D．attractive
140．A．businessmen B．children C．locals D．masses
141．A．little B．few C．much D．many
142．A．on behalf of B．in the form of C．for the sake of D．in terms of
143．A．effective B．destructive C．preventive D．alternative
144．A．quarrel B．argument C．fight D．conflict
145．A．tell the truth B．hit the brakes C．pave the way D．break the ice
146．A．threat B．effect C．problem D．protection
147．A．results from B．consists of C．brings about D．relies on
148．A．ambition B．action C．satisfaction D．attraction
149．A．far B．extreme C．bad D．complex
150．A．enjoy B．imagine C．miss D．avoid































参考答案：
1．D
2．C
3．A
4．D
5．B
6．A
7．C
8．A
9．C
10．B
11．A
12．D
13．D
14．C
15．B

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了读者应该如何去阅读。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：读者不是揭开瓶盖的空瓶，等待着接受老师或评论者的解读。A. hands手；B. sails帆；C. flags旗帜；D. lids盖子。根据句中“empty vessels”，“wait”和“to receive a teacher’s or a critic’s interpretation”可推知，作者把读者比喻成“揭开瓶盖的空瓶子”，在等待着解读。故选D项。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了这些联系，最优秀的读者会带入他们的兴趣，他们的阅读技巧，最重要的是，他们对阅读故事的渴望。A. considerations考虑；B. explorations探索；C. associations联系；D. interpretations解释。根据上文“They bring their unique life experiences to the story.”可知，读者会把自己独特的生活经历与故事联系起来。故选C项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了这些联系，最优秀的读者会带入他们的兴趣，他们的阅读技巧，最重要的是，他们对阅读故事的渴望。A. imagination想像；B. eagerness渴望；C. determination决心；D. affection喜爱。根据下文“Readers must ask questions, guess at the answers, 　9 　what will happen next,”可推知，读者会预测接下来会发生什么，所以会用到想像力。故选A项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的学生总是挑战我，让我讨论、分析、解释和评价我们读到的故事，同时又不破坏进入另一个世界的兴奋感。A. begged请求；B. supported支持；C. encouraged鼓励；D. challenged挑战。根据句中“to discuss, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the stories we read without destroying the excitement of being beamed up into another world.”和下文“For years I 　15　with one response after the other to this challenge.”可知，学生向作者提出挑战。故选D项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年来，面对一个接一个的挑战，我努力去寻找答案。A. dealt处理；B. struggled奋力前进，艰难行进；C. fought战斗；D. engaged参加，从事。根据句中“one response after the other”和“this challenge”可推知，学生的要求很高，面对一个又一个挑战，作者奋力前行。故选B项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的插图展示了玫瑰和百合的外在美，他的X射线揭示了它们的构造奇迹。A. external外部的；B. artificial人工的；C. classical经典的；D. traditional传统的。结合常识和句中“illustrations”可推知，插图或图片展示的是外在美。故选A项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的插图展示了玫瑰和百合的外在美，他的X射线揭示了它们的构造奇迹。A. ensured确保；B. analyzed分析；C. revealed揭露；D. delivered递送。根据上文可知，插图展示花的外在美，相应的X射线“揭示”了其内部构造。故选C项。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，一个短篇故事并不是要去欣赏的化石。A. however然而；B. furthermore此外；C. therefore因此；D. besides而且。根据下文“Readers must ask questions, guess at the answers”可知，短篇故事需要提出问题并猜测答案，并不是仅仅摆在那里去观赏的化石，上下文有转折关系。故选A项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：读者必须提出问题，猜测答案，预测接下来会发生什么，然后通过阅读来发现。A. interpret解释；B. anticipate预期；C. predict预测；D. tell告诉。根据句中“what will happen next”可知，预测将会发生什么。故选C项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：认识到这种伙伴关系，通过讨论、分析、解释和评价，保持原有的激情。A. conclusion结论；B. evaluation评价；C. summary总结；D. appreciation欣赏。根据上文“discussion, analysis, interpretation”可推知，读者会讨论、分析、解释和评价文学作品。故选B项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：文学探索让读者欣赏作者的技艺和艺术技巧。A. craftsmanship技艺；B. intentions目的；C. depth深度；D. character性格。根据“artistry”可推知，读者会欣赏作者的技艺和艺术技巧。故选A项。
12．考查介词短语辨析。句意：最后一步是再次把故事作为一个整体来欣赏——把碎片拼在一起。A. by itself单独地；B. in vain徒然；C. in question讨论中的；D. as a whole作为一个整体。根据句中“to put the pieces back together”可知，要把故事拼起来，作为一个整体。故选D项。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在你的阅读冒险中，与出版过《学生短篇小说》的学者进行对话。A. observation观察；B. involvement参与；C. experiment实验；D. adventure冒险。根据最后一段中“During this adventure, I hope you will feel the same as the listeners that surround the neck of my Pueblo storyteller.”可推知，作者把与这一阅读和对话视为冒险活动。故选D项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过与专家的对话，你将修正、丰富或确认你原来的观察和解释。A. journey旅行；B. process步骤；C. dialogue对话；D. contact联系。根据上文“a dialogue with the published scholars”可知，读者会与专家对话。故选C项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过与专家的对话，你将修正、丰富或确认你原来的观察和解释。A. recall记起；B. confirm确定；C. identify认出；D. cancel取消。根据上文可知，读者会与专家对话，结合句中“revise, enrich”可推知，通读对话，读者能修正、丰富或确认之前的观察和解释。故选B项。
16．C
17．A
18．B
19．D
20．D
21．A
22．B
23．D
24．C
25．B
26．A
27．B
28．C
29．C
30．D

【导读】本文是一片说明文。文章讲述科学家通过进行实验研究人类是否具有第六感，人类这种能力与尖端科技对未来的发展同等重要。
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：或者即使你处在一个无害的环境中，你是否经历过突然的不安或者危险的感觉？A. unfamiliar不熟悉的；B. tough艰难的；C. harmless有害的；D. ridiculous可笑的。根据句中出现“even though”让步状语从句，本句意思与前面相反，前文有“unease or danger”可知前文出现危险感觉而转折后表示“无害的”。故选C项。
17．考查名词词词义辨析。句意：如果你不相信，你就会把它归为一个巧合和过度的想象。A. coincidence巧合；B. resistance反对；C. innovation创新；D. distraction干扰。根据上文“you don’t believe in it”可知，在很多情况下人们不相信第六感，只会以为是一种巧合。故选A项。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但有些人认为有证据表明在嗅觉、味觉、触觉、听觉和视觉之外还有第六感。A. mystery神秘；B. evidence证据；C. falsehood虚假；D. innocence天真。根据下文“scientists are carrying out experiments (科学家们正在进行实验)”可知，第六感可以通过实验论证的，有人认为这是有证据表明的事情。故选B项。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，科学家们正在进行实验，不仅是为了证明它的存在，更是是为了找出你如何利用它。A.alter改变；B. define解释；C. find发现；D. use使用。根据下文“whether it’s about how we farm our food, how we get rid of our waste or whether we allow chemicals to be included in everyday products (无论是关于我们如何种植食物，我们如何处理废物，还是我们是否允许化学物质包含在日常产品中)”可知，科学家进行实验为了论证第六感的存在，同时实验的目的还有证实如何去利用它。故选D项。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：加州的研究人员迪恩·拉丁在洛斯阿尔托斯建立了边界研究所，目前正在利用其网站招募来自57个国家的4000人，以了解是否存在任何真正的的第六感，或者如他所说的“认知”——预测结果的能力。A. historical历史的；B. strange奇怪的；C. mistaken错误的；D. true真正的。根据上文“scientists are carrying out experiments not only to prove that it exists (科学家们进行实验不仅仅是为了证明它的存在)”可知，研究所的科学家招募了很多人进行试验为了探寻是否有真正的第六感。故选D项。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止的结果是不寻常的。A. extraordinary不同寻常的；B. inevitable不可避免的；C. alarming令人担忧的；D. disappointing令人失望的。根据下文“you do accept that a sixth sense exists (你承认第六感的存在吧)”可知，目前结果能证实第六感的存在，还是令人觉得不可思议的。故选A项。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在卡片测试中，你必须猜测在电脑屏幕上的五张卡片中，哪一张会被翻开显示一张图片，得分最高的人在48%的时间里击中了正确的卡片，这种分数发生这种情况的概率是2669比1。A. ask询问；B. guess猜测；C. recall回忆；D. learn学习。根据上文提到“the ability to predict outcomes (预测结果的能力)”可知，这里进行第六感测试，实验操作通过预测方式来看结果，从而分析第六感是否存在，预测与猜测含义接近。故选B项。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在卡片测试中，你必须猜测在电脑屏幕上的五张卡片中，哪一张会被翻开显示一张图片，得分最高的人在48%的时间里击中了正确的卡片，这种分数发生这种情况的概率是2669比1。A. figures数字；B. methods方式；C. score分数；D. chances可能性。根据前文“the top scorers”可知，实验结果主要以数据化形式出现，按照评分推测发生概率，这里看出来发生的可能性比较低。故选D项。
24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，Radin最著名的研究包括了参与者观察各种为了刺激特定反应的图像。A. However然而；B. Otherwise否则；C. Meanwhile与此同时；D. Consequently因此。根据下文“Radin’ s most famous study involves participants looking at a variety of image that are designed to stimulate a specific response.(Radin最著名的研究是让参与者观看各种旨在刺激特定反应的图像。)”，可知这里表示句意递进，需要填写表示语义递进的副词。故选C项。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：雷丁发现，六分之一的人在看到交通事故类型的图片前会兴奋起来，而在看到树木类型的图片前会保持冷静。A. active好动的；B. calm冷静的；C. silent安静的；D. alert警惕的。根据上文“one in six people has a rise in arousal (六分之一的人会兴奋)”以及“while”表示对比，可知，被测试者根据看到的图片不同，状态变化不一样，有能够醒来的，有保持平静的。故选B项。
26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：即使你接受了第六感存在，但问题是，它实际上是否服务于某种目的?A. serve any purpose服务于任何目的；B. take any advantage 利用任何优势；C. make any progress取得任何进步；D. win any support赢得支持。根据上下文“it’s about how we farm our food, how we get rid of our waste or whether we allow chemicals to be included in everyday products(这是关于我们如何种植食物，我们如何处理废物，或者我们是否允许化学物质包含在日常产品中)”可知，实验目的还是为了得出另一个结果，看第六感是否有其他的目的。故选A项。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们文明的未来取决于现在正在作出的决定，不管是关于我们如何种植我们的食物，我们如何处理我们的废物，还是我们是否允许化学物质包括在日常用品中。A. inquiries询问；B. decisions决定；C. donations捐赠；D. comparisons比较。根据下文“some people can genuinely forecast the future some of the time(有些人在某些时候能够真正地预测未来)”可知，这里是研究院Radin的观点，有人能够通过第六感预测未来，或许我们的未来与目前所做的决定有关系。故选B项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们没有这些重要问题的答案，但我们的决定将影响我们的生活几十年或更长时间。A. ruin毁坏；B. improve改善；C. affect影响；D. maintain保持。根据下文“ Anything we can do to improve our ability to predict future events is well worth the effort (为了提高我们预测未来事件的能力，我们所能做的任何努力都是值得的)”可知，当下做出的决定会影响我们的生活甚至未来。故选C项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“我们为提高预测未来事件的能力所能做的任何努力都是值得的。”A. expense代价；B. risk风险；C. effort努力；D. wait等待。根据上文“what we decide on will affect our lives for decades or longer(我们所做的决定将影响我们几十年甚至更长时间的生活)”可知，我们目前的决定对未来有影响，那么目前无论付出怎样的努力，这样做都是值得的。故选C项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果像我相信的数据所显示的那样，有些人有时真的可以预测未来，那么理解这种能力就像尖端科学一样重要。A. proving证明；B. challenging挑战；C. limiting限制；D. understanding理解。根据上文“what we decide on will affect our lives for decades or longer(我们所做的决定将影响我们几十年甚至更长时间的生活)”以及下文“as important as cutting-edge science (和前沿科学一样重要)”可知，对于人类发展以及未来科学，第六感这种能力都很重要，因此需要我们更加理解这种能力。故选D项。
31．C
32．B
33．A
34．C
35．D
36．C
37．B
38．B
39．D
40．D
41．A
42．C
43．A
44．C
45．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。经济学家指出我们像草原上的牛仔一样管理着我们的经济:攫取和利用世界上的资源，相信未来会有更多的资源出现。但是，地球与其说是一片草原，不如说是一艘宇宙飞船——一个封闭的系统，独自在太空中，携带着有限的补给。文章主要讲的是经济学家对于人类该如何发展经济提出了各自的看法。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他警告说，我们像草原上的牛仔一样管理着我们的经济：攫取和利用世界上的资源，相信未来会有更多的资源出现。A. grasslands草地；B. nations国家；C. economys经济；D. spaceships宇宙飞船。根据上文“But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, a British economist, in an essay published in 1966.”提到了经济学家对于经济的问题，可见此处指的是像草原上的牛仔一样管理着我们的经济。故选C项。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他警告说，我们像草原上的牛仔一样管理着我们的经济：攫取和利用世界上的资源，相信未来会有更多的资源出现。A. ignorant无知的；B. confident自信的；C. astonished感到吃惊的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据后文“more lies over the horizon”可知人类自信未来会有更多的资源出现。故选B项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，地球与其说是一片草原，不如说是一艘宇宙飞船——一个封闭的系统，独自在太空中，携带着有限的补给。A. less更少的；B. smaller更小的；C. more更多的；D. larger更大的。根据后文“a grassland than a spaceship”可知此处是在表示我们的地球实际上更像一艘封闭的宇宙飞船，表示“与其说……不如说是……”应用less…than…。故选A项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：博尔丁说，我们需要一种严肃对待环境限制的经济学。A. movements运动；B. influences影响；C. limits限制；D. threats威胁。由上文“a closed system, alone in space, carrying limited supplies”可知环境是有限制的。故选C项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们自称为“生态经济学家”，希望彻底改变其目标和假设。A. reject拒绝；B. realize意识到；C. resemble类似；D. revolutionize彻底改变，发动革命。根据后文“its aims and assumptions”可知此处指改变其目标和假设，应用revolutionize。故选D项。
36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生态经济学的倡导者认为，生态经济学既不是生态学，也不是经济学，而是两者的混合体。A. challengers挑战者；B. learners学习者；C. advocates拥护者；D. professors教授。根据后文“ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both”提到的生态经济学既不是生态学，也不是经济学，而是两者的混合体，这属于生态经济学倡导者的观点。故选C项。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在传统的教科书中，它被忽视了，在那里，整齐的图表描绘了公司、家庭和政府之间的流动，就好像自然不存在一样。A. addressed解决；B. ignored忽视；C. opposed反对；D. reflected反射。根据上文“Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is”中but表示转折，可知“我们的环境既是资源的来源，又是废物的集散地”这一观点被传统教科书所忽视。故选B项。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们说，只有前者值得拥有。A. advanced先进的；B. former从前的；C. latter后者的；D. scientific科学的。根据后文“They are suspicious of GDP”提到他们怀疑GDP没有考虑资源枯竭，可见他们不赞成更密集地使用资源，即他们认为只有前者值得拥有。故选B项。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们怀疑GDP，GDP是一个简单的衡量标准，没有考虑资源枯竭、无偿工作和无数其他因素。A. number数字；B. product产品；C. idea想法；D. measure测量，方法。结合常识，GDP是一个简单的衡量经济的标准。与后文中“they advocate more holistic approaches”相呼应。故选D项。
40．考查介词短语辨析。句意：取而代之的是他们提倡更全面的方法，比如真正的进步指标(GPI)，这是一种综合指数，包括污染、森林砍伐和交通事故的成本。A. In addition此外；B. For example例如；C. In other words换句话说；D. In its place取而代之。根据后文“they advocate more holistic approaches”可知他们认为代替GDP的应该是一种更全面的方法，如GPI。故选D项。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在GDP持续增长的同时，全球人均GPI在1978年达到顶峰：通过破坏我们的环境，我们正在让自己变得更穷，而不是更富。A. peaked达到顶峰；B. plunged突然陷入；C. persisted持续；D. paused暂停。根据上文“While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person”可推测GDP持续增长的同时，全球人均GPI在1978年达到顶峰。故选A项。
42．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：前世界银行经济学家和生态专家Herman Daly说，解决方案是“稳定”的经济，原材料和能源的使用保持不变。A. sufficient足够的；B. efficient有效率的；C. constant不变的；D. adequate充足的。根据上文“The solution, according to experts, is a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held”提到解决方案是“稳定”的经济，也就是说原材料和能源的使用保持不变。故选C项。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：主流经济学家对此印象不深刻。A. impressed印象深刻的；B. involved有关的；C. concerned关心的；D. appointed指定的。根据空前的“Mainstream economists are not”以及后文“The GPI, they point out, is a subjective measure.”可知主流经济学家对GDP和GPI的增长情况印象不深刻，他们指出，GPI是一种主观衡量。故选A项。
44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但生态经济学家警告人们不要自满。A. call for要求；B. contribute to有助于；C. warn against警告；D. refer to参考。根据空前“But ecological economists”以及空后“self-satisfaction”可知but表示转折，说明生态经济学家警告人们不要自满，应用短语warn against。故选C项。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2009年，科学杂志《自然》上的一篇论文认为，人类活动在生物多样性和气候变化等问题上已经超越了地球的安全界限。A. setting设置；B. overstepping踏过，越过；C. extending延伸；D. redrawing重拉伸。根据后文“safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change”可知此处指超越了地球的安全界限，overstepping符合语境。故选B项。
46．B
47．C
48．A
49．B
50．D
51．B
52．A
53．C
54．D
55．A
56．B
57．A
58．D
59．D
60．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了快乐也有平衡，多一点幸福并不总是比少一点好，适当的不开心可以提高对生活的感受和解决问题的能力。
46．考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管“非常快乐”的参与者有着辉煌的社交生活，但他们在学校的表现比那些仅仅“快乐”的人要糟糕。A. unwillingly不情愿地；B. unpleasantly令人不愉快地；C. admirably令人钦佩地；D. incredibly难以置信地。根据“the “very happy” participants had brilliant social lives”和表示转折关系的although可知，比起那些“快乐”的人，“非常快乐”的人在学校的表现不难么令人愉快。故选B。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员随后检查了另一项研究的数据集，该研究对大学新生的“快乐”进行了评级，并在近20年后追踪了他们的收入。A. generated产生；B. increased增加；C. tracked追踪；D. drained排除，使疲惫。根据下文“They found that the most 　　3　　 were not the highest earners.”推知，研究人员追踪了他们近20年的收入。故选C。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们发现最快乐的人并不是收入最高的人。A. joyful快乐的；B. wealthy富有的；C. successful成功的；D. distinctive独特的。根据上文“Is more happiness always better than less?”可知，本文研究的是“多一点幸福总比少一点好吗”，因此此处指那些快乐的人并不总是收入最高的。故选A。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：和生活中的一切一样，幸福也有它的平衡。A. advantage优势；B. balance平衡；C. opportunity机会；D. preference偏爱。结合常识和“As with everything in life”可知，幸福和生活中的其他事情一样，也有平衡，过多过少都是不行的。故选B。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：追求幸福而不顾其他目标——被称为心理享乐主义——是没有回报的。A. fruitful有成果的；B. significant重要的；C. priceless无价的；D. rewardless无报酬的。根据“Pursuing happiness to the exclusion of other goals-known”可知，这样做是没有回报的。故选D。
51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它给人的生活是，你没有充分发挥自己的潜力，你对冒险犹豫不决，你选择暂时的快乐而不是挑战赋予生活意义的经历。A. desperate       绝望的；B. hesitant迟疑的，犹豫的；C. likely可能的；D. tempted诱惑的。根据上文“you do not reach your full potential”和下文“you choose temporary pleasures over challenging experiences that give life meaning”可知，此处应选择负向感情色彩的词，即面对冒险时犹豫不决。故选B。
52．考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我和人们谈论他们对生活中负面结果的恐惧时，他们真正的恐惧来源，在很多情况下，集中在他们对失败的感受上，而不是失败本身的后果。 A. centers on以……为中心，集中于；B. works on致力于；C. takes on呈现，从事；D. passes on传递。根据“how they will feel about having failed”可知，人们恐惧的来源集中在对失败的感觉上。故选A。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这类似于不确定性带来的不适会比肯定的坏消息引起更多的焦虑。A. performance表演，表现；B. discipline自律；C. uncertainty不确定性；D. ignorance无知。呼应下文“guaranteed”此处指对不确定性的不适。故选C。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了避免这些不好的感觉，人们放弃了各种可能失败的机会。A. conceal取消；B. create创造；C. tolerate容忍；D. avoid避免，避开。根据“people give up kinds of opportunities that involve the possibility of failure.”可知，人们为了避免不好的感觉，放弃了很多机会，尽管这些机会带来的可能是失败。故选D。
55．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当然，风险并不一定会让我们快乐。A. necessarily必定，必然；B. inevitably不可避免地；C. similarly相似地；D. deliberately故意地。根据上文“bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk.”和下文“A risky life will very likely bring disappointment”可知，幸福伴随着风险，风险可能带来失望，因此风险并不一定会让我快乐。故选A。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如上述研究表明的那样，冒险的生活很可能会带来失望，但它比安全的生活带来更大的回报。A. fascination魅力；B. rewards回报；C. depression沮丧，抑郁；D. challenges挑战。根据上文“However, bringing good things into your life, whether love or career success, usually involves risk.”可知，比起什么都不做，冒险的生活会带来回报。故选B。
57．考查短语辨析。句意：相反，对幸福的渴望是自然和正常的。A. On the contrary相反；B. That is to say也就是说；C. For instance例如；D. In turn轮流，反过来。根据上文“None of this is to say that we are foolish for wanting to be happy.”可知，与之相反，渴望幸福是自然且正常的。故选A。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无尽的幸福是不可能实现的，这样做会牺牲美好生活的许多要素。A. harvests收获；B. encounters偶遇；C. designs设计；D. sacrifices牺牲。根据“Endless happiness is impossible to achieve”可知，想要无尽的幸福需要牺牲生活中其他美好的东西。故选D。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如加拿大裔美国心理学家保罗·布鲁姆所写：“正是我们选择的苦难为我们提供了快乐、意义和个人成长的最大机会。”A. happiness幸福；B. wealth财富；C. dishonor拒付，丢脸；D. suffering痛苦。结合常识和下文“Though pain should never be anyone’s goal”可知，苦难为我们提供了快乐、意义和个人成长的最大机会。故选D。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然痛苦永远不应该是任何人的目标，但我们每个人都可以为丰富的生活而奋斗，在生活中，我们不仅寻求阳光，而且充分体验不可避免的下雨。A. escape逃避；B. predict预测；C. experience经历，体验；D. produce生产。根据“in which we not only seek the sunshine”可知，除了在生活中寻求阳光，我们还应该体验不可避免的“雨”。故选C。
61．C
62．A
63．D
64．B
65．A
66．C
67．D
68．A
69．B
70．C
71．D
72．A
73．B
74．D
75．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章中作者论述了自己对于网上进行艺术参观的看法和感受。
61．考查动词短语辨析。句意：想看乐队演出，却被高昂的票价耽搁了？A. handed down宣布；B. taken off起飞；C. put off推迟；D. locked down锁住。根据后文“by the high-ticket prices”指高昂的机票耽搁了看乐队演出。故选C。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多主流乐队允许他们的演唱会在网上免费播放。A. streamed网上播放，流动；B. converted转变；C. scanned扫描；D. moderated缓和。根据上文“Theatre companies will happily offer live performances online.(戏剧公司将乐于提供在线现场演出)”可推知，许多主流乐队允许他们的演唱会在网上免费播放。故选A。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在画廊也参与进来，让坐在沙发上的艺术爱好者可以在世界上最伟大的艺术机构里漫步，所有这些都是高分辨率的，不用担心脚痛。A. prioritized优先处理；B. stuck粘；C. paid支付；D. involved涉及。根据上文“Now galleries are getting”可知，这里指画廊参与到网上参观活动中。故选D。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：用这种方式观看艺术作品有很多可取之处。A. recreating再创造；B. viewing看；C. integrating整合；D. relaying传递。根据后文“art this way”指观看艺术作品。故选B。
65．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，你不必忍受其他参观者大声宣传他们对展出油画的了解时发出的噪音。A. Plus此外；B. Instead相反；C. Hence因此；D. However然而。后文“you won’t have to tolerate the noise of fellow visitors as they loudly broadcast their knowledge of the oil paintings on exhibit.(你不必忍受其他参观者大声宣传他们对展出油画的了解时发出的噪音)”是对上文网上观看艺术作品的补充说明。故选A。
66．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但它不能代替真正的东西。A. boundary界限；B. blame责备；C. substitute替代；D. scheme计划。根据后文“for the real thing.”指网上参观无法替代真正的东西。故选C。
67．考查动词词义辨析。句意：数十亿像素无法准确地传达一幅画的规模、颜色或氛围，也无法传达你站在画前所感受到的惊叹。A. neglect忽视；B. guarantee保证；C. proceed加工；D. fail失败。根据后文“to accurately transmit the scale or colour or atmosphere of a painting or convey the sense of wonder you feel when standing in front of it”可知，数十亿像素无法准确地传达一幅画的规模、颜色或氛围，也无法传达你站在画前所感受到的惊叹。短语fail to表示“未能”。故选D。
68．考查动词短语辨析。句意：只有在画廊里，你才有机会把世界的其他部分拒之门外，与一件作品互动，在情境中欣赏它。A. shut out排除；B. stock up备货；C. correspond with符合；D. intervene in干预。根据后文“the rest of the world, engage with a work and view it in context”可知，只有在画廊里，你才有机会把世界的其他部分拒之门外，与一件作品互动，在情境中欣赏它。故选A。
69．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我在索非亚皇后博物馆数码漫步时，我一直在想，如果我真的在马德里该有多好。A. identically同一地；B. digitally数码地；C. respectively分别地；D. ultimately最终。根据后文“is how much nicer it would be if I were literally in Madrid.”可知，作者是在数码馆参观的。故选B。
70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论你是坐在歌剧院里，还是在画廊里漫步，几乎所有形式的艺术都意味着一种共同的体验。A. Identity身份；B. Travelling旅行；C. Art艺术；D. Fantasy幻想。根据后文“whether you are sitting in an opera house or wandering around a gallery”可知是指艺术形式。故选C。
71．考查名词词义辨析。句意：通常，期待和执行的乐趣是一样的。A. conservation保护；B. exception例外；C. duration持续；D. anticipation预期。根据后文“as the execution”可知，与执行对应的是期待。故选D。
72．考查动词短语辨析。句意：把你想象的准备部分去掉，你就拿走了经历中至关重要的一部分。A. take away拿走；B. engage with交战；C. bring out出版；D. object to反对。与上文“Remove the preparation part where you imagine how it will be”中remove相对应，这里指把你想象的准备部分去掉，你就拿走了经历中至关重要的一部分。故选A。
73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：躺在沙发上，电脑、电话和遥控器随处可得，这是我经常做的事情。A. inevitable必然发生的；B. accessible可到达的；C. adaptable能适应的；D. reversible可逆的。根据上文“with computers, phones and remote controls readily”指电脑、电话和遥控器随处可得，故选B。
74．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但说到艺术欣赏，即使是像我这样的懒人也能认识到基本的要求——离开家。A. assurance确保；B. level水平；C. way方法；D. requirement要求。根据后文“to leave the house”指离开家去欣赏艺术是基本要求。故选D。
75．考查动词短语辨析。句意：呆在家里，你可以毫不尴尬地凝视当地人，欣赏最美的景色。A. take in欣赏，理解；B. wait for等待；C. adjust to调节；D. emphasize on强调。根据后文“the finest views”可知，指欣赏最美的景色。故选A。
76．B
77．A
78．C
79．D
80．C
81．D
82．B
83．D
84．D
85．C
86．B
87．C
88．A
89．B
90．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了世界上许多地区和城市出现了“零日危机”，也就是水资源短缺问题。
76．考查动词词组辨析。句意：该市从西开普省的六个水库取水，这些水库通常在5月至8月的雨季填满。A. take over接管；B. fill up注满；C. make off匆忙离开；D. set out出发。根据后文“during the rainy season, from May through August”可知，在雨季应该是填满水库。故选B项。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但自2015年以来，该地区遭受了一个世纪以来最严重的干旱，这些水库的水量大幅减少。A. decreased减少；B. rose上升；C. remained仍然是；D. drowned淹死。根据前文“But since 2015 the region has been suffering from the worst drought in a century”可知，该地区遭受了一个世纪以来最严重的干旱，所以水库的水量减少。故选A项。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：开普敦的人口大幅增长，增加了需求，使问题更加复杂。A. likelihood可能性；B. proportion份额；C. demand需要；D. efficiency效率。根据前文“Cape Town’s population has grown substantially”可知，开普敦的人口增长了，所以提高了水的需求。故选C项。
79．考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，该市在减少系统泄漏方面做得相当不错，这是造成水浪费的主要原因，甚至还因其保护政策而获奖。A. architecture建筑学；B. agriculture农业；C. economy经济；D. conservation防止流失(或浪费、损害、毁坏)。根据前文“The city actually did a pretty good job by reducing leaks in the system”可知，该市在减少系统泄漏方面做得相当不错，所以是因为保护政策而获奖。故选D项。
80．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但南非政府迟迟没有宣布受干旱影响最严重的地区进入全国灾难，为最近的危机铺平了道路。A. policy政策；B. growth成长；C. crisis危机；D. change改变。根据前文“But since 2015 the region has been suffering from the worst drought in a century”可知，最近发生了严重的干旱危机。故选C项。
81．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：开普敦并不孤单。A. enough充足的；B. possible可能的；C. difficult困难的；D. alone单独的。根据后文“Since 2014 southeastern Brazil has been suffering its worst water shortage in 80 years,　　7　　decreased rainfall,     forestation and other factors.”以及本段后面的内容可知，巴西东南部，印度的许多城市都出现水资源短缺的问题。所以开普敦并不孤单。故选D项。
82．考查动词词组辨析。句意：自2014年以来，由于降雨量减少、植树造林和其他因素，巴西东南部遭遇了80年来最严重的水资源短缺。A. making up for弥补；B. resulting from由于；C.   taking advantage of利用；D. looking into考察。根据后文“decreased rainfall,     forestation and other factors.”可知，巴西东南部遭遇水资源短缺的原因是由于降雨量减少、植树造林和其他因素。故选B项。
83．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，今年5月，西姆拉市(Shimla)的饮用水告罄，当地居民呼吁游客远离这个喜马拉雅避暑胜地。A. In a word总而言之；B. By comparison通过比较；C. What’s worse更糟糕的是；D. For example例如。根据前文“And many cities in India do not have access to municipal water for more than a few hours a day, if at all.”以及后文“the city of Shimla ran out of drinking water in May, urging locals to beg tourists to stay away from the popular Himalayan summer resort.”可知，此处是在举例说明印度的许多城市出现了水资源短缺的问题。故选D项。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国，情况要好一些，但许多城市中心仍然面临水的问题。A. avoid避免；B. solve解决；C. discuss讨论；D. face面对。根据前文“In the U.S., the situation is somewhat better”以及句中的转折连词but，可知，此处表达“许多城市中心仍然面临水的问题”之意。故选D项。
85．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，将大部分水用于更重要用途的城市，比如饮用水，可能就没有这么强的适应性。A. passive消极的；B. purposeful有目的的；C. adaptable有适应能力的；D. reliable可依靠的。根据前文“Since about half of the state’s urban water usage is for landscaping, it was able to cut back on that fairly easily. But cities that use most of their water for more essential uses, such as drinking water”可知，减少景观美化用水比较容易，但是减少更重要用途的水，就没那么容易让人适应了。故选C项。
86．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，可以采取措施避免城市水危机。A. Similarly相似地；B. Fortunately幸运地；C. Initially起初；D. Alternatively或者。根据后文“steps can be taken to avoid urban water crises.”可知，可以采取措施避免城市水危机，所以是幸运地。故选B项。
87．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，依靠多种水源的“组合方法”可能是最有效的。A. questionable有问题的；B. memorable值得纪念的；C. effective有效的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据前文“relies on multiple water sources”根据常识可知，解决水短缺问题，依靠多种水源是最有效的。故选C项。
88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：城市领导人应该考虑满足长期需求，而不仅仅是日常需求。A. daily日常的；B. legal合法的；C. maximum最高的；D. normal正常的。根据前文“City leaders should be thinking about meeting long-term needs rather than”可知，此处是和长期需求做对比，结合选项可知，日常需求符合题意。故选A项。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些地区通常缺乏基本资源一其中缺乏规划良好的供水。A. neglect忽略；B. lack缺乏；C. provide提供；D. find发现。根据前文“One major challenge is providing services to informal areas, which develop without any government foresight.”根据常识可知，非正规地区一般是缺少资源的。故选B项。
90．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不采取行动，许多城市可能很快就会面临无水可喝的局面。A. drink喝；B. pour倾倒；C. place安放；D. record记录。根据前文“If we don’t act”可知，如果我们不采取行动，许多城市可能很快就会面临无水可喝的局面。故选A项。
91．B
92．B
93．D
94．C
95．B
96．C
97．D
98．C
99．A
100．D
101．B
102．D
103．C
104．A
105．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了户外广告牌在“大数据”的加持下焕发新生。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：众所周知，这种户外广告预计在2022年将增长3.4％，而数字户外广告，包括机场和购物中心的液晶显示屏，将增长16％。A. shrink缩小，减少；B. grow增长；C. disappear消失；D. emerge出现。根据下文“Such ads draw viewers5 attention from phones(这样的广告吸引了手机观众的注意力)”及下文内容可知，户外广告预计在2022年将增长3.4％，故选B。
92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与在线广告不同，这类广告吸引观众注意，无法跳过或屏蔽。A. obtained获得；B. blocked遮住；C. separated分离； D. arranged安排。此处与“skipped”意义一致，结合句意及“unlike ads online”可知，户外广告无法被屏蔽，故选B。
93．考查动词短语辨析。句意：广告牌公司也在利用从人们的智能手机上得到的大量位置数据。A. making progress in在……方面进步；B. getting engaged in从事；C. becoming part of成为……一员；D. taking advantage of利用。根据下一句“Information about their owners’ locations and online browsing gets collected and sold to media owners.(有关手机用户的行踪和在线浏览的信息被收集起来并出售给媒体所有者)”可知，广告牌公司利用从人们的智能手机上得到的大量位置数据。故选D。
94．考查名词词义辨析。句意：把这些信息添加到对交通、天气和其他外部数据的洞察中，就可以生成高度相关的广告。A. value价值；B. record记录；C. knowledge知识，信息；D. feeling感觉。根据上文“They then use these data to work out when different groups — ‘business travellers’, say — walk by their ads.(然后它们利用这些数据计算出不同的人口群体——比如‘商务旅客’——何时经过它们的广告牌)”可知，此处指上文提到的利用数据计算出的“信息(knowledge)”。故选C。
95．考查名词词义辨析。句意：数字户外广告供应商可以在天气寒冷时播放咖啡广告， 在炎热时打出冷饮广告。A. opponents对手；B. providers供应者；C. learners学习者；D. instructors教练，导师。结合句意及“deliver ads”可知，此处指广告供应商播放广告。故选B。
96．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：这种定向广告在与“程序化”广告方法结合时尤为有效，“程序化”广告就是利用数据来实现广告的自动化及改进。A. adding增加；B. collecting收集；C. targeting目标市场选择；D. producing生产。根据上文内容可知，广告牌公司利用从人们的智能手机上得到的数据再精准投放广告，所以此处指定向广告，故选C。
97．考查动词词义辨析。句意：过去一年里，Clear Channel和JCDecaux等广告牌公司推出了程序化广告平台，让品牌和媒体买家按分钟选择、购买和投放广告，而不是按天或按周。A. changed改变；B. forbidden禁止；C. cleared清理；D. launched发起，发行。根据“which allow brands and media buyers to select, purchase and place ads in minutes, rather than days or weeks”可知，此处指推出程序化广告平台，launch符合语境，故选D。
98．考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说户外广告会越来越像网络广告那样，根据受众、观看次数以及位置来购买。A. marketing市场；B. evolution进化；C. location位置；D. branding品牌。根据上文“Billboard owners are also ____3____ the location data”可知，广告牌公司利用收集用户的位置信息，所以户外广告会根据受众、观看次数以及位置来购买，故选C。
99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是可能的，因为广告牌公司声称能够测量出广告的效果，即使没有“点击率”。A. measure测量；B. wonder想知道；C. notice注意到；D. forget忘记。根据下一句“Data firms can tell advertisers how many people walk past individual advertisements at particular times of the day.(数据机构能告诉广告商一天的特定时间路过某广告的人数)”及下文提到可以估计购买产品的人数可知，此处指广告牌公司声称能够测量出广告的效果，下文中的“measurable”也是提示。故选A。
100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：广告商可以估计接触一款手提包广告，然后走进附近的商店（或网站）并购买该产品的人数。A. devoted致力于；B. opposed反对；C. related使有联系；D. exposed接触。根据上下文及“then go on to visit a nearby shop (or website) and buy the product”可知，此处指接触到广告，然后去购买，故选D。
101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：纽约广告技术公Vistar Media联合创始人Michael Provenzano认为，这些指标使户外广告更具数据驱动性、自动化和可衡量性。A. concept概念；B. data数据；C. customer顾客；D. research研究。上文讲述用数据测量出广告的效果，所以此处指这些指标使户外广告更具数据驱动性，故选B。
102．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，户外广告革命并非没有问题。A. stress压力；B. conflict冲突；C. injury伤，损害；D. problem问题。根据下一句“The collection of mobile-phone data raises privacy concerns.(移动电话数据的收集引发对隐私的担忧)”可知，户外广告革命并非没有问题，故选D。
103．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于在线广告业务不透明，有时甚至是欺诈性的批评，也可能会针对户外业务，因为它变得越来越大，越来越复杂。A. aspects方面；B. demands需求；C. criticisms批评；D. details细节。根据“the online-ad business for being vague, and occasionally dishonest”可知，此处指“对于在线广告业务不透明，有时甚至是欺诈性的批评”，故选C。
104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一家媒体购买平台VIOOH首席执行官Jean-Christophe Conti表示，业界已准备好解决这些问题。A. address设法解决；B. share分享；C. reflect反映；D. emphasize强调。上文描述了户外广告的问题，此处是指业界准备好解决这些问题，故选A。
105．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他指出，追随在线广告开拓者的好处之一就是从他们的错误中吸取教训。A. benefits好处；B. difficulties困难；C. challenges挑战；D. conditions条件。根据“learning from their mistakes”可知，此处指追随在线广告开拓者的好处之一，故选A。
106．B
107．A
108．B
109．B
110．A
111．C
112．D
113．A
114．D
115．D
116．C
117．D
118．C
119．C
120．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述生活中人们认为锻炼会燃脂，而科学结论证实不管运动水平如何，人类消耗的卡路里数量是相同的。进而提出人们的探索不会停止。
106．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们需要换上别的衣服，经常从繁忙的生活中抽出一段时间，变得又脏又累: 他们觉得这一切都没有吸引力。A. amusing有趣的；好玩的；B. unappealing令人不快的；C. convincing有说服力的； D. shocking惊人的。根据上文“get dirty and exhausted”可知，锻炼会让他们变得又脏又累，因此他们觉得是令人不快的。故选B。
107．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我一直享受着辛苦的工作，甚至是第二天肌肉酸痛的满足感。A. enjoyed欣赏；B. minded介意；C. reflected反思；D. forgot忘记。结合下文“and even the satisfaction ”可知，我很享受锻炼。故选A。
108．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有一点点自豪感，因为我知道我不仅帮助了促进健康的生物机制，而且我还得到了一个很好的附带好处，那就是我能够吃饼干，因为我燃烧了额外的卡路里。A. obstacle障碍；B. benefit好处；益处；C. impact影响；D. view观点。根据上文“helping the biological machinery that promotes health ”及下文“being able to eat cookies because I’d burned extra calories”可知，锻炼不仅帮助我促进健康的生物机制，还能燃烧额外的卡路里，这都是锻炼的好处。故选B。
109．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：错。或者，至少，不完全正确。A. Wonderful精彩的；B. Wrong错误的；C. Pointless无意义的；D. Right正确的。根据下文“not entirely right”可知，不完全对，说明是错的。故选B。
110．考查短语词义辨析。句意：正如科学一次又一次地显示的那样，我们对事物如何运作的直觉想法在面对数据和仔细分析时往往站不住脚。A. stand up（论点、论据）站的住脚的； B. take off 脱下；起飞；C. end up结束；D. turn off关掉。根据空处前后内容可知，这里指面对数据和经过仔细分析之后，我们的直觉想法并不可靠，即站不住脚。故选A。
111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：运动悖论科学家 Herman Pontzer 描述了进化的一个令人惊讶和迷人的结果: 不管运动水平如何，人类消耗的卡路里数量是相同的。A. service服务； B. income收入；C. activity活动；D. demand要求。根据下文“Regular activity does help our inner engines run right, and it has some benefits in elevating mood and improving cognition (认知)”可知，此处指不管运动的水平怎样，消耗的热量都是同样的。故选C。
112．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：除了颠覆我们的常识之外，这些发现还提供了进一步的见解，说明为什么我们人类如此非凡地成功，成为地球上的主导力量。A. underrating低估； B. over-impressing印象深刻；   C.under-training训练不足；D. overturning推翻。根据上文“humans bum about the same number of calories regardless of 6 level. ”可知，科学家 Herman Pontzer 描述的研究发现和我们对锻炼的常识刚好相反，即推翻了我们的认知。故选D。
113．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了颠覆我们的常识之外，这些发现还提供了进一步的见解，说明为什么我们人类如此非凡地成功，成为地球上的主导力量。A. dominant支配的；统治的；B. singular非凡的；显著的；C. cultural文化的； D. declining衰落的。根据下文“we have had the capability to rule over our own world”可知，我们有能力统治这个世界，因而人类成为了地球上的主导。故选A。
114．考查动词词义辨析。句意：顺便说一句，我们都应该锻炼身体。A. celebrate庆祝；B. return返回；C. remember记住；D. exercise锻炼。根据下文“Regular activity does help our inner engines run right, and it has some benefits in elevating mood and improving cognition (认知)”提到了定期锻炼的好处，所以此处指所有人都要锻炼。故选D。
115．考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道我们有能力统治我们自己的世界激发了这样的想法，我们有一天也会来到其他星球上生活。A. rejected拒绝；B. considered考虑；C. questioned询问；D. inspired启发。根据上文“we have had the capability to rule over our own world”可知，我们有能力统治世界的这个知识激发了我们有了一个想法：我们有一天也会来到其他星球上生活。故选D。
116．考查名词词义辨析。句意：可以肯定的是，这些知识包含了大量的浪漫主义、冒险精神，甚至是对有足够的选择来确保我们物种长期生存的担忧。A. ruling统治；B. survival存活；C. knowledge知识；D. shift转变。根据上文“The knowledge that we have had the capability to rule over our own world ”可知，此处指的就是我们有能力统治我们自己的世界的知识，故选C。
117．考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，长途太空旅行的“简单”问题包括用火箭逃离地球引力，建造有足够空气呼吸的密封飞船，以及携带大量的食物和水。A. Besides此外； B. Otherwise否则；C. Similarly同样地；D. Unfortunately不幸运地。根据下文“escaping Earth’s gravity with rockets, building airtight ships with enough air to breathe, and carrying huge amounts food and water”可知，要长途太空旅行需要解决这些问题，而事实是实现是困难的，所以这是不幸地。故选D。
118．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个更加困难的挑战是好莱坞从来没有告诉你的: 宇宙辐射对大脑造成的损害，这是神经科学家Charles L. Limoli 在“深空交易破坏者”中描述的。A. routine常规；B. version版本；C. challenge挑战； D. option选择。根据上文“escaping Earth’s gravity with rockets, building airtight ships with enough air to breathe, and carrying huge amounts food and water”讲述了长途太空旅行要解决的问题，即这是一个挑战，此处指比这还难的挑战就是宇宙辐射对大脑造成的损害。故选C。
119．考查动名词词义辨析。句意：它会成为我们征服“最后边疆”的障碍吗？A. demanding要求；B. measuring测量；C. conquering征服；D. recognising认出。根据上文提到人类某一天会到其它星球生活，要像在地球上一样成为统治者。所以此处指不遭受宇宙辐射可能会成为实现这个征服的障碍。故选C。
120．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一件事是肯定的：人类的野心意味着我们不会停止尝试。A. stop停止；B. advise建议；C. deserve应得到；D. keep保持。根据上文“the human ambition”可知，有抱负就不会停止尝试。故选A。
121．C
122．D
123．B
124．A
125．D
126．C
127．A
128．B
129．D
130．A
131．B
132．D
133．C
134．B
135．D

【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是研究表明如果人们真正接受压力的概念，它会让他们更强大、更聪明、更快乐。
121．考查动词短语辨析。句意：你如何看待压力很重要的一个原因是它会改变你应对压力的方式。A. contribute to有助于；捐献；B. agree to接受；同意；C. respond to回答；对……做出反应；D. object to反对。根据后文“Viewing stress as ____2____ leads people to cope in ways that are less helpful, whether it’ s dragging your feet to avoid stress, or imagining worst- case scenes.”以及第二段“____3____ , viewing stress more positively seems to encourage people to cope in ways that help them thrive, whether it’s tackling the source of stress, ____4____ social support or finding meaning in it.”以及最后一段中的“The ability to learn from stress is ____14____ into the basic biology of the stress response.”可知无论是视压力有害还是有益都是我们应对压力做出的不同反应。故选C项。
122．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：视压力为有害，会导致人们以无益的方式来应对压力，无论是磨磨蹭蹭不甘心地逃避压力，还是想象最坏的情况。A. beneficial有益的；B. distracting分心的，转移注意力的；C. reliable可靠的；可信赖的；D. harmful有害的。根据空后“leads people to cope in ways that are less helpful, whether it’ s dragging your feet to avoid stress, or imagining worst- case scenes.”及第二段中的“____3____ , viewing stress more positively seems to encourage people to cope in ways that help them thrive,”以及后文的“Stress is most likely to be harmful when the following conditions are ____10____ :”可知此处是在讲人们对于压力的两种截然相反的认识，能够积极看待压力从而促进个人成长的就认为压力是有益的，而那些消极面对压力的人理所当然认为压力是有害的了。故选D项。
123．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，更积极地看待压力似乎会鼓励人们以帮助他们茁壮成长的方式来应对压力，无论是解决压力的根源，寻求社会支持还是从中寻找意义。A. In fact事实上；实际上；B. In contrast与此相反；C. What’s more而且；D. After all毕竟；终究。根据上文“Viewing stress as ____2____ leads people to cope in ways that are less helpful, whether it’ s dragging your feet to avoid stress, or imagining worst- case scenes.”以及空后“viewing stress more positively seems to encourage people to cope in ways that help them thrive, whether it’s tackling the source of stress, ____4____ social support or finding meaning in it.”可知此处是指两种对待压力的不同的态度，由语境可知前后是两种截然不同的态度，是一种对比。故选B项。
124．考查动词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，更积极地看待压力似乎会鼓励人们以帮助他们茁壮成长的方式来应对压力，无论是解决压力的根源，寻求社会支持还是从中寻找意义。A. seeking寻找；谋求；B. arousing激发；唤醒；C. requiring要求；需要；D. embracing拥抱；包含。根据空后的“social support or finding meaning in it.”可知积极应对压力的表现的是发现压力的意义或者积极寻求帮助。故选A项。
125．考查动词词义辨析。句意：选择看到压力的好处并不是要否认压力可能有害的事实。A. draining使枯竭；排水；B. analyzing分析；解析；C. reversing颠倒；使反转；D. denying否认。根据空前“Choosing to see the upside of stress isn’t about”以及空后“the fact that stress can be harmful. It’ s about trying to balance your mindset so that you feel less overwhelmed and ____6____ about the fact that your life is stressful.”可知看到选择压力的好处是努力平衡你的心态，这样你就不会因为生活压力太大而感到不知所措和绝望，所以选择看到压力的好处并不等于否认压力可能有害。故选D项。
126．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：选择压力的好处是努力平衡你的心态，这样你就不会因为生活压力太大而感到不知所措和绝望。A. confused困惑的；混乱的；B. unfortunate不幸的；C. hopeless无望的；绝望的；D. serious严重的；认真的。根据空前的“so that you feel less overwhelmed and以及空后“about the fact that your life is stressful.”以及后文“It can be true that ____9____ something stressful can make you sick or depressed,”可知压力会让你觉得生病和绝望，所以如果你选择看到压力的好处就不会觉得生活是无助和绝望的。故选C项。
127．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家发现，接受压力的能力需要对不确定性的高度容忍度。A. tolerance容忍；忍受；B. demand要求；C. anxiety焦虑；D. preference偏爱；偏好。根据空前“the ability to embrace stress requires a high”以及空后“for uncertainty. You have to be able to understand that two ____8____ opposite things can be true at the same time.”以及后文的“If you can ____11____ any of these conditions — by finding some meaning in it — you can reduce the harmful effects of stress.”可知一个人如果想要从压力中学习和成长及必须先要接受和忍耐压力。故选A项。
128．考查副词词义辨析。句意：你必须能够理解两件看似相反的事情可能同时是正确的。A. generally大概；通常；B. seemingly貌似；看似；C. inevitably不可避免地；D. significantly显著地；大大地。根据空后的“opposite things can be true at the same time. It can be true that ____9____ something stressful can make you sick or depressed, and it can also be true that the same stressful experience can ultimately make you stronger, more compassionate and more resilient over time.”可知能同时让你生病、抑郁的事情同时也会让你变得更强大，这看似是矛盾的，相反的，但实际上却是一种合理的存在。故选B项。
129．考查动词短语辨析。句意：经历一些有压力的事情会让你生病或抑郁，这可能是真的，同样的压力经历也可能最终会让你更强大，更有同情心，随着时间的推移更有韧性。A. putting off推迟；B. coming up with提出；想出；C. taking care of照料；照看；D. going through经历；体验。根据后文“and it can also be true that the same stressful experience can ultimately make you stronger, more compassionate and more resilient over time.”以及文章最后“This is why putting people through practice stress is a key ____15____   technique for NASA astronauts, emergency responders, elite athletes and others who have to thrive under high levels of stress.”可知只有去体验那些让人痛苦你才会变得更强大。故选D项。
130．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当以下情况出现时，压力最有可能是有害的，感觉它违背了你的意愿，超出了你的控制，完全没有意义。A. present在场的；出场的；B. controversial有争议的；C. constant持续不断的；D. equal 相等的；平等的。根据空前的“Stress is most likely to be harmful when the following conditions are”以及空后的“it feels against your will, out of your control and utterly lacking in meaning.”可知此处是在列举最有可能有害的几种压力会在什么情况下出现。故选 A项。
131．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你能改变其中的任何一种情况——通过找到其中的意义——你就能减少压力的有害影响。A. mask掩饰；隐瞒；B. alter改变；变化； C. enhance增强；提高；D. trace追踪；追溯。根据后文“by finding some meaning in it”可知要想减少压力的有害影响就必须做出改变。故选B项。
132．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这并是你生活出了问题的一个征兆，而是你在对个人有意义的活动和人际关系中投入程度的一个标志。A. code密码；B. origin起源；起因；C. monument纪念碑；D. indicator标志；指示信号。根据空前的“feeling stressed can be a( n) ____12____ of how engaged you are in activities and relationships that are personally meaningful.”可知如果你觉得有压力，那就暗示着你在对个人有意义的活动和人际关系中投入程度方面出了问题。故选D项。
133．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个简单的心态重置可以帮助我们面对和发现生活中压力的好处，那就是把它视为一个学习和成长的机会。A. vacancy空缺；B. substitute替代品；C. opportunity机会；D. illustration 插图；说明。根据上文“If you can   ____11____ any of these conditions — by finding some meaning in it — you can reduce the harmful effects of stress.”以及空后的“to learn and grow.”可知只有你将压力看做一个学习的好机会时你才会发现压力的益处。故选C项。
134．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从压力中学习的能力是建立在应激反应的基本生物学中的。A. turned变成；转动；B. built建造；C. broken打碎；弄坏；D. divided分开；分散。根据后文“This is why putting people through practice stress is a key ____15____   technique for NASA astronauts, emergency responders, elite athletes and others who have to thrive under high levels of stress.”可知只有将从压力中学习的能力一种建立在应激反应的基本生物学中的一个人才能茁壮成长。故选B项。
135．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么对于NASA宇航员、紧急救援人员、精英运动员和其他人来说经历高压训练是他们茁壮成长的关键。A. instrumental有帮助的；用乐器演奏的；B. conflicting相矛盾的；不一致的；C. intentional 故意的；刻意的；D. training训练的。根据空前“This is why putting people through practice stress is a key”以及空后“technique for NASA astronauts, emergency responders, elite athletes and others who have to thrive under high levels of stress.”可知NASA宇航员、紧急救援人员、精英运动员和其他人要想茁壮成长就必须经受住高压的训练。故选D项。
136．D
137．B
138．B
139．C
140．D
141．C
142．B
143．B
144．D
145．B
146．A
147．D
148．C
149．C
150．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了时尚行业已经成为地球上最具有破坏性的行业之一，是仅次于石油行业的最不环保的行业，现在正面临惩罚。
136．考查动词词义辨析。句意：时尚行业已经成为地球上最具有破坏性的行业之一，现在正面临惩罚。A. convincing说服；B. interesting使感兴趣；C. confusing混淆；D. damaging破坏。根据后文“In fact, the fashion industry is second only to the oil industry, the most environmentally unfriendly industry.”可知时尚行业对地球具有破坏性。故选D项。
137．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这个冲刷的过程中,但是哪些变化会产生影响呢？哪些会脱颖而出？A. carry out执行；B. come out出来；C. set out出发；D. break out爆发。根据上文“The fashion industry, which has become one of the most   ____1____   to the planet, is having a moment of punishment. But which changes make a difference”可知时尚行业已经成为地球上最具有破坏性的行业之一，在这个冲刷过程中，要么留下来，站住脚，要么被淘汰。故选B项。
138．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一个朋友在伦敦北部经营一家古董服装店。A. builds构建；B. runs经营；C. supports支撑；D. controls控制。根据后文“Business has been good for many years, which makes her acquire a large fortune.”可知这个朋友是经营服装店的。故选B项。
139．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大部分是毫无价值的。A. expensive昂贵的；B. useless无用的；C. worthless没有价值的；D. attractive有吸引力的。根据后文的“but if you know what you are looking for, there are raw diamonds.”可知此处和diamonds形成对比，表示“虽然看起来毫无价值”。故选C项。
140．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在维多利亚时代的英国，它曾经是为大众制造廉价服装的劣质羊毛废料的清理场。A. businessmen商人；B. children儿童；C. locals当地人；D. masses群众。根据后文的“all_7_ cheap clothing made for the masses around the world.”可知，此处是the masses同义词再现。故选D项。
141．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个世纪过去了，已经发生了许多改变。A. little小的；B. few很少的；C. much很多（不可数名词）；D. many许多（可数名词复数）。根据后文的“Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products, all   ____7____   cheap clothing made for the masses around the world”可知发生了许多改变，应使用much。故选C项。
142．考查介词短语辨析。句意：如今，这里充斥着现代的劣质产品，所有的廉价服装都是为世界各地的大众制造的。A. on behalf of代表；B. in the form of以……的形式；C. for the sake of为了；D. in terms of在……方面。根据上文“Nowadays, it is full of modern-day inferior products”所有的这些服饰都是“以廉价服装的形式”生产出来的。故选B项。
143．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个行业已经成为世界上最成功也是最具破坏性的行业之一。A. effective有效的；B. destructive破坏性的；C. preventive预防性的；D. alternative可供替代的。根据前文“The fashion industry, which has become one of the most   ____1____   to the planet, is having a moment of punishment”以及后文“But after three decades of continuous growth, the model is in   ____9____   with fundamental environmental limits”可知虽然服装成功地占据了人们的衣柜，但是对环境造成的影响是破坏性的。故选B项。
144．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但经过三十年的持续增长，该模式与基本环境限制相冲突，而且业界普遍认为，是时候踩刹车了。A. quarrel争吵；B. argument论点；C. fight战斗；D. conflict冲突。根据后文“there is widespread agreement – even from within the industry – that it is time to   ____10____ . Otherwise, “Fast fashion” creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place”可知时尚行业的快速发展和环境保护有冲突。故选D项。
145．考查动词短语辨析。句意同上题。A. tell the truth.说实话；B. hit the brakes踩下制动器；C. pave the way铺设道路；D. break the ice打破僵局。根据后文“Otherwise, ‘Fast fashion’ creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place”可知是时候停止时尚行业这样的快速发展。故选B项。
146．考查名词词义辨析。句意：时尚产业代表了一个关键的环境威胁。A. threat威胁；B. effect效果；C. problem问题；D. protection保护。根据前文“Otherwise, ‘Fast fashion’ creates a mountain of unsellable, cheap clothing that ends up in a terrible place.”可知快时尚产业对环境造成造成的影响已经不仅仅是环境问题那么简单，已经严重到成为一个巨大的威胁。故选A项。
147．考查动词短语辨析。句意：最终，时尚行业的长期稳定依赖于对快速时尚模式的彻底抛弃。A. results from由……产生；B. consists of由……组成；C. brings about导致；D. relies on依赖。根据下文“ the total abandonment of the fast-fashion model.”可知，时尚行业的长期稳定依赖于对快速时尚模式的彻底抛弃。故选D项。
148．考查名词词义辨析。句意：和快餐一样，快速时尚也都是廉价的即时满足感。A. ambition野心；B. action动作；C. satisfaction满足；D. attraction吸引力。根据下文“learn to control your desires and _15_falling into this ‘Fast fashion’ lifestyle”可知这种欲望得到廉价的满足。故选C项。
149．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们能做些什么？你没有穿衣服吗？不是那么糟糕。A. far远的；B. extreme极端的；C. bad坏的；D. complex复杂的。根据前文“Don’t you have any clothes on?”可知不穿衣服很糟糕。故选C项。
150．考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，不要浪费，学会控制自己的欲望，避免陷入这种“快时尚”的生活方式。A. enjoy享受；B. imagine想象；C. miss错过；D. avoid避免。根据前文“learn to control your desires”可知要控制自己的欲望，避免陷入这种生活方式。故选D项。