专题04 重点语法复习：不定式作定语和结果状语（考点串讲+模拟演练）-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中考点大串讲（牛津译林版2020）

这是一份专题04 重点语法复习：不定式作定语和结果状语（考点串讲+模拟演练）-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中考点大串讲（牛津译林版2020），文件包含专题05重点语法复习V-ing作定语状语和宾补考点串讲+模拟演练-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中考点大串讲牛津译林版2020解析版docx、专题05重点语法复习V-ing作定语状语和宾补考点串讲+模拟演练-2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中考点大串讲牛津译林版2020原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共14页， 欢迎下载使用。
          专题05 重点语法复习：V-ing 作定语、状语和宾补▲动词-ing形式作定语1.单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语,一般具有两种含义。(1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。a reading room=a room for reading　阅览室running shoes=shoes for running　跑鞋(2)表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家a sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping正在睡觉的婴儿2.作定语的动词-ing形式如果是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。There is a path leading to the top of the hill.→There is a path which leads to the top of the hill有一条通向山顶的小路。Do you know the boy playing basketball?→Do you know the boy who is playing basketball?你认识在打篮球的那个男孩吗?▲动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式可以作状语,在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随状语时常位于句末。1.表示时间,相当于一个时间状语从句。Having delivered the milk to the customer’s house, he went home for breakfast.→After he delivered the milk to the customer’s house, he went home for breakfast.把牛奶送到顾客家后,他就回家吃早餐了。2.表示原因,相当于一个原因状语从句。Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. →Since he was ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday.由于生病,他昨天没有去上学。3.表示结果,相当于一个并列谓语。He was admitted into a key university, making his parents very proud.→He was admitted into a key university, and it made his parents very proud.他被一所重点大学录取,这使他的父母很自豪。4.表示条件,相当于一个条件状语从句。Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.→If you work hard at your lessons, you will succeed.如果你努力学习,你将会成功。5.表示让步,相当于一个让步状语从句。Surfing the Internet every day, I limit the playing time to 30 minutes.→Although I surf the Internet every day, I limit the playing time to 30 minutes.虽然每天都上网,但我把玩的时间限制在30分钟。6.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明,相当于一个并列结构。He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.→He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time.他躺在草地上,盯着天空看了很久。▲动词-ing形式作宾语补足语1.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.当我们回来时,我们发现房子前面站着一个陌生人。I’m terribly sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time in the rain.非常抱歉,让你在雨中等了这么长时间。2.当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。He saw her working in the field when he passed by.→She was seen working in the field by him when he passed by.他路过时发现她正在地里干活。3.能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类词:(1)表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词(短语)(常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等)+ sb. + doing sth.。I felt somebody standing behind me.我感觉有人站在我身后。 (2)表示指使意义的使役动词(常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等)+sb./ sth. + doing sth.。We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。 (3)with复合结构在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,常常表示一个动作正在或一直进行。With the crowds cheering, he sprinted to the finishing line.在人群的欢呼声中,他奋力冲向终点。 模拟演练单句语法填空1．（2023·高一课时练习）While the rapid development of China, the number of foreigners ____________(learn) Chinese is growing all the time. 【答案】learning【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着中国的快速发展，学习汉语的外国人数量一直在增长。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词foreigners 与learn之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。根据句意，故填learning。2．（2023·全国·高一专题练习）I regret taking those weight-loss pills ___________ (contain) a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail. 【答案】containing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我后悔吃了那些含有一种有害的化学物质的减肥药，它们会导致我的视力下降。由主句谓语动词regret 可知，空处是非谓语动词，contain含有，和pill是主动关系，作定语，用现在分词。故填containing。3．（2023·高一课时练习）A cultural relic is a treasure __________ (belong) to all people rather than any individual. 【答案】belonging【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：文物是属于全体人民的财富，而不是属于任何个人的财富。本句有谓语is a treasure，故填非谓语，belong to“属于”没有被动语态，因此用现在分词作后置定语，修饰treasure。故填belonging。4．（2023·高一课时练习）Advertising ______ (aim) at children should be limited. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】aiming【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：针对儿童的广告应该受到限制。根据句子结构可知，主语是Advertising，意思是“广告”，谓语动词部分是should be limited，括号中提示词以及介词短语at children是对于主语的修饰，因此本句中aim要使用现在分词作后置定语修饰主语。故填aiming。5．（2023·全国·高一专题练习）To the Egyptians, green was a color ________ (represent) the hope and joy of spring. 【答案】representing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于埃及人来说，绿色是一种代表希望和春天的欢乐的颜色。本句已有谓语“was”，空处填非谓语动词，color与represent为主动关系，用现在分词作名词color的后置定语。故填representing。6．（2023·高一课时练习）There is a lot of evidence ________(show) that staring at the computer for a long time does harm to our eyes. 【答案】showing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有很多证据表明，长时间盯着电脑对我们的眼睛有害。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词evidence，又因为show和evidence之间是主动关系，所以用非谓语动词中的现在分词作后置定语。故填showing。7．（2023·高一课时练习）In countries all over the world, ________(fall) water can be used to generate electricity. 【答案】falling【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在全世界的各个国家里，降水可以用来发电。空处修饰名词water需用非谓语动词作定语，water和fall为主动关系，需用现在分词形式。故填falling。8．（2023·全国·高一校考专题练习）The meeting room is quite ____________with ____________ ___________in it. (crowd) 【答案】     crowded     crowds     crowding【详解】考查动词短语、名词、非谓语动词。句意：会议室里挤满了人。根据句意以及提示词可知，该句第一空为动词短语be crowded with“挤满了”，满足句意要求；该句第二空为名词crowds“人群”，满足句意要求；该句第三空为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰crowds，因crowds和动词crowd为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故分别填crowded；crowds；crowding。9．（2023·全国·高一专题练习）I’m very nervous because I don’t think I’m ready for the________ (approach) examination. 【答案】approaching【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很紧张，因为我认为我还没有为即将到来的考试做好准备。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语修饰后面名词examination，应使用非谓语动词形式，因与其逻辑主语examination之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词形式，故填approaching。10．（2023·高一校考课时练习）The man ________ (stand) by the window is our teacher. 【答案】standing【详解】考查现在分词作定语。句意：站在窗边的那个人是我们的老师。分析句子可知，“　　　(stand) by the window”在句中为后置定语，修饰主语the man，主语与动词stand为主谓关系，所以此处用现在分词standing，故填standing。11．（2023·高一课时练习）___________(see) a note on the ground, the stranger picked it up. 【答案】Seeing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到地上有一张纸条，陌生人把它捡了起来。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，应用非谓语动词，see与逻辑主语the stranger之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式seeing，置于句首，首字母大写。故填Seeing。12．（2023·高一课时练习）The old man wrote a letter to the hospital,____________(express) his thanks to the doctor who had cured his illness. 【答案】expressing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老人给医院写了一封信，向治愈了他疾病的医生表示感谢。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，express与逻辑主语The old man之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填expressing。13．（2023·高一课时练习）Though__________(lack) natural resources, the area is well developed. 【答案】lacking【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管缺乏自然资源，但该地区发展良好。分析可知，空处应填非谓语动词和though构成让步状语，逻辑主语the area和lack之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填lacking。14．（2023·高一课时练习）________(do) quite well in the entrance exam, he came back home smiling. 【答案】Having done【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他在入学考试中取得了不错的成绩，微笑着回家。句中谓语是came，空格处用非谓语动词，he和do之间是主谓关系，且“do quite well”的动作发生在谓语动作“came back home”之前，因此空格处用现在分词的完成式having done表示先于谓语动作发生的动作，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，因此空格处是Having done。故填Having done。15．（2023·高一课时练习）_____________(throw) their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory. 【答案】Throwing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：把帽子抛向空中，获胜球队的球迷们大声呼喊胜利。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，throw与逻辑主语the fans之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，throwing置于句首，首字母大写。故填Throwing。16．（2023·高一课时练习）I wake up every morning __________(feel) energetic and ready to start a new day. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】feeling【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我每天早上醒来都感到精力充沛，准备开始新的一天。句中已有谓语动词wake up，所以空处作非谓语动词，feel与逻辑主语I之间是主动形式，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填feeling。17．（2023·高一课时练习）He wrote me a letter,_________( hope) to get further information. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】hoping【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他给我写了一封信，希望得到进一步的消息。句中谓语是wrote，空格处用非谓语动词，He和hope之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填hoping。18．（2023·高一课时练习）____________(leave) some questions unanswered, my friend said goodbye to me. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】Leaving【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：留下一些问题未回答，我的朋友向我道别了。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，leave与逻辑主语my friends之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Leaving。19．（2023·高一课时练习）Though _________ (lack) money, his mother spared no effort to send him to go abroad to get further education. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】lacking【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然缺钱，但他的母亲不遗余力地送他出国接受进一步教育。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中不作谓语，应使用非谓语动词形式，因与其逻辑主语his mother之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词，故填lacking。20．（2023·全国·高一专题练习）People built the legendary Dragon Gate of the Chinatown in San Francisco______________(use)materials donated from China. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】using【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们用中国捐赠的材料建造了旧金山唐人街的传奇龙门。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，因动词use和逻辑主语People为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填using。21．（2023·高一课时练习）I can smell turkey________________(roast), and it's making me hungry. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】roasting【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我能闻到正在烤火鸡的味道，这让我很饿。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作宾补，结合句意可知，此处表示roast动作正在进行，意为“正烤着的气味”，强调当时所处的状态，所以使用现在分词形式。故填roasting。22．（2023·高一课时练习）He kept her_________ ( wait) under stairs the whole day. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】waiting【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他让她在楼梯下等了一整天。keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事。根据句意，故填waiting。23．（2023·高一课时练习）We kept the fire_________(burn) all night long. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】burning【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们让火烧了一整夜。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词作宾补，burn与逻辑主语the fire之间是主动关系，且表示让动作一直进行，应用现在分词。故填burning。24．（2023·高一课时练习）I noticed a thief__________(steal) on the bus. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】stealing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我注意到一个小偷在公共汽车上偷东西。notice sb. doing是固定短语，意为“注意到某人正在做某事”，因此空格处用现在分词作宾语补足语，故填stealing。25．（2023·高一课时练习）Please don't keep the machine_____________( run) while you are away. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】running 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你不在的时候，请不要让机器一直开着。keep sth. doing使……一直做某事。根据句意，故填running。26．（2023·高一课时练习）What I saw just now set me ____________(think) of my childhood in the countryside. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】thinking【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我刚才看到的一切让我想起了我在农村的童年。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，think与逻辑主语me之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。故填thinking。27．（2023·高一课时练习）Education authorities are continuing to reopen schools, with nearly 40% of students nationwide __________ (return) to campuses so far. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】having returned【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：教育局正在继续重新开放学校，到目前为止，全国近40%的学生已经返回校园。分析可知，空处在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，宾语students和return是主动关系，结合时间状语so far可知应用现在分词的完成式having done。故填having returned。28．（2023·全国·高一专题练习）“Fancy you ________(sit) there as if nothing had happened!” said John ________(excite).【答案】     sitting     excitedly【详解】考查现在分词和副词。句意：“想不到你坐在那儿，好像什么事也没发生过似的！”约翰兴奋地说。fancy sb. doing是固定短语，意为“想不到某人做某事”，因此第一空用现在分词作宾语补足语；第二空要用副词修饰动词said，excite的副词是excitedly，意为“兴奋地”，故填sitting，excitedly。29．（2023·全国·高一专题练习）With Chinese Lunar Year ________ (draw) near, I came to send you this potted orchid as a gift. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】drawing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着中国农历新年的临近，我来送你这盆兰花作为礼物。所给动词draw在句中作宾语补足语，意为“临近”，与宾语主动关系，应使用现在分词。故填drawing。30．（2023·全国·高一专题练习）They said goodbye to the villagers, with tears ________ (roll) down their cheeks. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】rolling【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们向村民告别了，眼泪从他们的脸颊滚落。此处考查with的复合结构，tears与roll在逻辑上构成主谓关系，现在分词表主动，此处作宾补，故填rolling。