专题16 阅读无忧 AB篇技巧在手——2023年中考英语思维导图+必备知识点梳理+精练学案（牛津上海版）（原卷版+解析版）

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专题16 阅读无忧 AB篇技巧在手A篇阅读理解解题技巧五种题型：1. 细节理解题☆考察方面：学生对相关信息的识别能力，答案一般可在原文定位☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断☆干扰选项：一般与文中观点相反或未涉及，特征是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容解题技巧：通读短文，领会文章大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意：1. 五个W （who ， which ， when ， where ， what ）和一个H （ how ） ；2. 数字、日期、时间等；3. 注意加强语气的词。运用排除法排除不符合原文细节的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。2.词句猜测题此题要求考生正确理解短文中的一些关键词语或句子的含义，常用的方法是多种表达法、一词多义法、同义近义或反义提示法、习语释文法及句型转换法等。解题技巧：1. 从被考察词附近找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特定的语境来判断理解2. 根据上下文猜测词义的技巧：(1)注意定义和解释；(2)同义词或近义词的提示；(3)近义词和反义词的提示；(4)利用悬念的属种关系；(5)借助已有知识或生活常识。  3. 推理判断题(不要自行推理+过度推理)☆考察方面：透过文章的信息进入深刻的分析，归纳和推断得解☆答题事项：应迅速找到并且定位到考点，不可望文生义和主观臆断解题技巧：1. 分析文章的主旨。2. 分清文章的主要思想及次要思想。3. 寻找文章的逻辑思路。4. 核对问题中各项选择与文章中有关词句的联系。4. 主旨大意题(Best title)☆考察方面：学生对文章主旨的驾驭能力，答案一般需要合理的归纳和总结得到☆答题事项：通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅读时视域要宽，紧抓对主题句搜索，按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声，指读，复视或停顿。☆题目类型：(1)关于主题型　找中心(Main Idea)  Example 1:These two passages are  _____________.  A. diaries     B. reports     C. news    D. ads(2)关于标题型  为文章选择标题(Title)  Example 2:What would the best title for the passage?    A. Good Health        B. The Old People in the Mountains    C. Long-lived People    D. The Secret of Long Life(3)关于目的型  推断作者的写作意图(Purpose)    Example 3:The author's purpose in writing this passage is to________. B篇阅读理解解题技巧一、答题原则：1．首句重读原则“首句重读”指首句需重点阅读。首句很多情况是Topic sentence (主题句)，会透露文章背景和主旨。首句一般不设空，若设空，则需重点读后面的例子，例子里面会提供线索。现在很多考题都是用后面的例子印证首句。2．例子关联原则例子联合起来都是去证明本文中心的，但例子与例子间有时会有正反对比关系或者平行并列关系。　3．最佳适用原则4．场景匹配原则5. 平行并列原则完形填空文章很多时候是围绕一个话题展开，每个段落有的时候发展模式都是差不多的，前面提到如果首句设空，除了关注到后面的例子，还可以关注下一段首句或者再下下段首句。类似的如果某段末句设空也可以关注下面一段的末句。 二、答题技巧：技巧1. 充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例1. The    33   water supply forecast is based more on the water from the    34   than from the below. 33.A.correct        B.further       C.average 　        D.early 34.A.clouds        B.sky           C.air              D.above  技巧2. 注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。 例1. He didn’t hear the bell for he was completely     52  　in reading the newspaper.    52. A. interested     B  centered      C  addicted        D absorbed 技巧3. 注意同义词的辨义 技巧4. 根据动作的发出者确定所选的词例1. And video cameras can be used to ______ people's actions at home.A. keep           B. make       C. record        D. watch 技巧5. 根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项例1.The explorers found that the island had good soil  37  the 200 natives living there survived with little food. 37. A. and           B. but            C. however        D. still 技巧6. 根据生活常识以及相关知识确定选项例1. In 1967 she was asked to work at Gallaudet University as a dorm supervisor(宿舍监管员). Shirley supervised young women who __47__ in the university during the school year. 47. A. worked        B. studied         C. lived          D. played 技巧7.  根据作者的态度，观点，情绪来确定相关选项例1. Life is very　 55　 , so don’t rush to make decisions. Life doesn’t let you plan.55.A. hard 　　      B. busy 　　　     C. short　　　   D. long 一、阅读单选（2022·上海奉贤·九年级期中）Choose the best answer (根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案)J. K. Rowling is probably the most famous author alive today. Her books about the adventures of a young wizard (魔法师) named Harry Potter have sold more than 325 million copies. They have also been translated into 64 different languages.Joanne Kathleen Rowling was born in 1965 in England. She always dreamt of becoming a writer, and began writing stories when she was six years old. After she studied French at university, in 1990 she decided to move to Manchester, and went there to look for a flat. Her journey back to London was long and boring. But on that journey the idea for the Harry Potter stories first entered her mind.Over the next year, she worked hard on her novel. Then, her mother died from a long and difficult illness. She was only 45. To forget her grief, Rowling moved to Portugal (葡萄牙) to work as an English teacher. There, she had a lot of free time to work on her book, and rewrote many parts of the story.When she arrived back in Britain in 1994, she had a baby daughter and very little money. She moved to Edinburgh to live near her sister, and worked on her novel. Whenever her daughter fell asleep, Rowling would write as quickly as she could. After several months, she finished the book.It may be surprising, but no publishers wanted to buy her book at first. They thought that people today would not like a story about magic. In 1996, after a year of searching, she found a company that would publish the novel. It soon became a bestseller, and was later turned into a successful film. People around the world have gone crazy for Harry Potter ever since.1．The numbers in the first paragraph shows the book Harry Potter is ________.A．expensive B．difficult C．popular D．harmless2．J. K. Rowling began writing at the age of ________.A．6 B．16 C．25 D．453．She first had the idea for the Harry Potter stories in ________.A．1965 B．1990 C．1994 D．19964．J. K. Rowling finished writing her novel when she was in ________.A．Portugal B．France C．America D．Britain5．J. K. Rowling was able to make her dream come true because ________.A．she traveled to many places B．she kept working hardC．her sister helped her a lot D．she was very young6．According to the passage, which of the following is Not True?A．J. K. Rowling studied French at university.B．J. K. Rowling was very sad about her mother’s death.C．J. K. Rowling went to Portugal to teach French.D．It was not easy for her to find a publisher for the book. （2022·上海杨浦·二模）Choose the best answer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）Tree Planting Day12 MarchGetting green is great fun!The annual Tree Planting Day is back! This year’s theme is “Clean and Green Neighbourhood”. Join the event with your family and get some tips on growing your plants!The activities planned for the day include these:Gardening workshopsMusical performancesFun activities for children Come and learn how to grow plants in small spaces and have a day of fun and enjoyment! Lots of prizes for the children’s activities to be won! Note:All participants must gather at Middletown Garden West at 8 a.m. on 12 March. More information about the event is available at www.treeplanting.com. If you have any question, please contact Phyllis at 6226226625 Organized by:                                 Sponsored（赞助）by：Advisors from Middletown Community         Middletown Center Malls   3   : “I enjoyed myself very much. We planted nine Tembusu trees around the neighbourhood. I learnt that there is a tree of this type right in the Botanic Gardens. It is over 150 years old. It only flowers twice a year, with a special fragrance.”—Joyce“Getting children to plant trees was a good way for them to experience the joy of gardening. During the tree-planting event, we even got a chance to take some vegetables home to grow and share with our children.—Annie“We planted more trees with the help of the residents (居民). It was good to have more trees in the neighbourhood where residents could get together to enjoy themselves and relax with their families and friends in the shade. Last year’s Tree Planting Day was special for residents as they got to take plants back to grow as a reminder of the event.”—Phoebe 7．What information about this year’s Tree Planting Day is NOT mentioned in the poster?A．Its theme. B．Workshop location.              C．The gathering time.              D．Contact number.8．The prizes for the children’s activities are most likely from ________.A．Middletown Center Malls B．Middletown CommunityC．residents of Middletown Garden West D．website www.treeplanting.com9．What best fits the blank?A．Reviews from satisfied customers B．Wishes from organizers of the eventC．Comments from last year’s participants D．Quotes from a journalist’s interview10．Why was last year’s Tree Planting Day different from the other years?A．Only school students did the planting. B．Residents got together to enjoy themselves.C．Only nine Tembusu trees were planted. D．Residents were given plants to take home.11．Phoebe is most likely to be a(n) ________.A．student B．teacher C．advisor D．artist12．The main purpose of the poster is to ________.A．remind locals of the community work B．encourage residents to take part in the eventC．explain the reasons why we go green D．attract visitors to Middletown Garden West  二、完形填空（2022·上海嘉定·九年级期中）选择最恰当的选项完成短文。Emily was a teenager and lived with her parents. She and her best friend, Kim, found out that their favorite band would give a concert in their town on Friday night. They really wanted to go, but they didn’t think their parents would agree. Emily explained to her parents that she wanted to go to the concert with Kim, but they thought that she was too young to go without ___13___.Emily told Kim that she could not go to the concert, but her friend’s answer was a real ___14___ to Emily. Kim told her mum she would study with friends on Friday.“I really do not want to be dishonest with my parents,” Emily told her friend.“Oh, ___15___ acting like a little kid! Everyone lies,” Kim replied.But Emily was not so sure. She thought that honesty was very important. Emily never felt comfortable lying, and her parents always told her that it was wrong.On Thursday, Kim invited Emily over to her house to watch a movie after school. When they got there, Kim and her mother got into a fight. Emily realized that Kim lied to her mother ___16___ and her mother did not trust her. Emily had to go back home.As she walked home, she remembered that Kim always told her how terrible her relationship with her mother was. Kim thought her mother did not understand her, but Emily thought maybe Kim’s mother was just ___17___ Kim being dishonest with her. Emily decided she would not lie to her parents about the concert. There would be lots of concerts in the future, but they were the only Parents she would ever have. She knew it was better to honor them and help them because her parents trusted her, let her do ___18___ of the things that she wanted to do, and she really preferred it that way.13．A．teachers B．friends C．adults D．relatives14．A．promise B．impression C．experience D．surprise15．A．continue B．stop C．enjoy D．hate16．A．all the time B．at the same time C．for the time being D．ahead of time17．A．fond of B．satisfied with C．used to D．tired of18．A．none B．few C．most D．all （2022·上海普陀·九年级期中）Have you ever heard of Expressive Writing? Writing about a terrible or difficult situation is called “expressive writing.” People who do this, record their deepest thoughts and feelings. Doctor Pan, leader of this study of expressive writing as a highly effective way to deal with painful experiences, says these people often show ___19___ mental and physical condition (状况) afterwards.Expressive writing is effective because it allows you to make sense out of an upsetting and even heart-breaking experience. As you write, you are ___20___ what is happening around, and accepting that something is bothering you is an important first step. Next, translating that experience into language forces you to organize your thoughts and gives you a sense of control. Thinking or talking about an event seems ___21___. However, the more you think or talk about it, the more likely you will find yourself in a mess. As a result, you get completely lost in your own emotions and finally lose self-control. Writing works differently as it makes you slow down. The act of labeling a feeling of putting words to an emotion—can ease the neural (神经系统的) activities in the brain. What if you don’t consider yourself “a writer”? Don’t worry about spelling or grammar. Take it easy when you choose the words or expressions. ___22___ dig into your inner self. The goal of the exercise is to find meaning in an upsetting event.Many people have tried this method. After his father was rushed to the hospital because of a severe heart attack, 43-year-old Alex began to panic. So he did the one thing that would calm himself: he wrote. He thinks of it as a captain’s life buoy (救生衣). “My expressive writing gave me the ___23___ I need to face my fear and move on,” Alex says.There are a few who are against this approach. According to them, expressive writing isn’t a magical solution. People shouldn’t fully trust the effect of expressive writing. Neither should they think of using it to ___24___ other treatments. People who are faced with a serious mental disaster may not find it useful to do on their own, without medicine.19．A．excellent B．serious C．puzzling D．frightening20．A．recognizing B．imagining C．discussing D．influencing21．A．difficult B．useful C．careful D．impossible22．A．Never B．Rarely C．Only D．Nearly23．A．rest B．knowledge C．suggestion D．courage24．A．change B．replace C．manage D．Develop