专题12 语法无忧 句法在手——2023年中考英语思维导图+必备知识点梳理+精练学案（牛津上海版）（原卷版+解析版）

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专题12 语法无忧 句法在手 【知识梳理】感叹句专题梳理1、感叹句句型【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！What a clever boy he is! (他是个)多么聪明的男孩啊！What an interesting story it is! (这是个)多么有趣的故事啊！What fine weather it is! 多好的天气啊！What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊！【批注】 在感叹句中，What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词，若其前面的形容词为元音开头，则用 an。what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词，如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等，当前面有形容词修饰，使抽象名词具体化时，则要用 what a / an，如：What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊！What a great surprise it is! 这多么令人惊奇啊！What a rich breakfast it is! 多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊！【句型二】How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！How well you look! 你气色真好!How kind you are! 你心肠真好!How beautifully you sing! 你唱得真好听!Strawberries! How nice! 草莓! 多好呀!How clever the boy is! 这个男孩多么聪明啊！How fast he runs! 他跑得多么快啊！注意   （1）要修饰名词的形容词不能是表数量的many， much， little， few，遇此情况要用how，即使它们后面跟    有名词：     How many books he has！ 他的书真多！     How much money he gave her！ 他给了她好多钱呀！     How little money I have！ 我的钱多么少呀！     How few friends he has！ 他的朋友真少！     比较：What a little box it is！ 多小巧的盒子呀！（该little不表示数量）（2）有时句中的主语和谓语可以省略：How fast！ 多快呀！How nice！ 多好呀！How beautiful！ 多美呀！How nice of you to come！ 你来了真好！2、感叹句巧解方法   （1）一找·二断·三辨·四确定：“一找”即先找出句中的主语。“二断”就是在句中的名词（形容词、副词等）与代词（或名词）之间断开。“三辩”即是断开后辨别断线前面的词的词性。   “四确定”即确定是选用how还是what。3、感叹句的特殊用法：1）感叹句如何变为间接引语直接引语是感叹句时，若要变作间接引语，通常用引述动词tell, exclaim等。如：“What a brave boy you are!” she told him. “你是一个多么勇敢的男孩子啊!”她告诉他说。→She told him what a brave boy he was. 她告诉他说他是一个多么勇敢的男孩子。He said, “Hurrah! My friend is come.” 他说道，“乌拉!我的朋友来了。”→He exclaimed with delight that his friend had come. 他欢呼他的朋友来了。(引述动词用exclaim, 并加状语with delight)2）感叹句后接附加疑问句感叹句之后有时可接附加疑问句，如：How odd, isn’t it? 多怪，是不是?What a magnificent building, isn’t it? 多么雄伟的建筑，对不对!How nice, isn’t it? 多好呀，不是吗!What a bad cough he has, doesn’t he? 他咳得好历害，是不是？How exciting the game is, isn’t it? 好刺激的比赛啊，不是吗？ 【知识梳理】反义疑问句专题梳理I. 基本用法1. 基本结构：前否后肯，前肯后否。2. 当陈述句中含有be动词，助动词，或是情态动词时，反义疑问句部分由这些词加上主语人称代词构成。be动词包括：am, is, are, was, were助动词有：do, does, did, have/has (现在完成时中) 情态动词有：can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should ★     注意：have/has/had 只有在 ①现在完成时，②过去完成时，③had better 情况下可直接用于反义疑问句中，其他一律用do/does/did. 3. 当陈述句中只含有行为动词时，①若动词加了s, 就用does; ②若动词为原形，就用do, ③若动词为过去式，则用did;II. 高频考点1. 陈述部分为There (Here) + be + 主语时，问句部分用动词 + there (here)?形式。2. 反义疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, rarely, seldom, nobody, nothing, barely, scarcely等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如： 3. 陈述部分为祈使句1) 若为let’s引导，反问句用shall we? 2) 若为let us引导 和其余的任何一般的否定祈使句，都用will you。 3) 一般的肯定祈使句则用will you 或won’t you 都行。III. 反义疑问句的回答★ 遵循原则：事实原则。事实确实如此，回答yes；事实不是如此，回答no。 【知识梳理】情景交际专题梳理1. A: Sorry.  B: That’s ok/That’s all rightNot at allNever mindIt doesn’t matter2. A: Thank you.  B: That’s ok/That’s all rightNot at allYou are welcomeIt’s my pleasure3. A: Would you mind...?  B: Not系列Certainly notSure not    Of couse notNot at all永远不选never mind4. A: Can you do me a favor?  B: With pleause  A: Thank you  B: It’s my pleause.5. A: Would you like me to...?     Would you like some tea?     (主动帮忙）  B: Yes, please.     No, thanks.6. A: Would you to join us?     (邀请某人做某事)  B: Yes, I’d(like/love to).     No, I wouldn’t (like/love to).7. That’s all right.没关系；不客气  That’s right. 那是对的  All right. 好的8. A: May I ...?   B: Go ahead.Here you are.Of course you can.Sorry, you can’t 9. A: I have a complaint about ..?   B: What’s your trouble?     What’s the matter?10. A: Jossie, don’t be later ?    B: I won’t【知识梳理】宾语从句专题梳理一、（知识点名称）宾语从句概念【知识梳理】宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当，当一个句子充当宾语时，我们把这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语，并有一个连接词引导。 二、（知识点名称）宾语从句引导词1. 陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry，sure，afraid，glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也算是宾语从句2. 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。3. 如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导（what，whom，whose，which，what，when，where，how，why）。 三、（知识点名称）宾语从句的语序--必须是陈述语序句子的两种语序：1.陈述句结构叫陈述语序There is a shop near here.2.疑问句结构叫疑问语序Is there a shop near here?宾语从句必须用陈述语序四、（知识点名称）宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应【知识梳理】1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态；（需要性原则）            2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致；（呼应性原则）            3.当宾语从句说明的客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则） 主句时态从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态保持不变 一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时 【知识梳理】状语从句专题梳理1.状语从句的概念状语从句在复合句中用作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句与宾语从句不同的是：宾语从句只能跟在及物动词或部分介词的后面，而绝大部分状语从句的位置很活跃——既可以放在主句的前面，又可以放在主句的后面。当状语从句在主句前面时，主从句之间用逗号断开。2.状语从句的分类状语从句通常可以分为时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较和方式等九类。  时间：when, while、as、as soon as、until、since、by the time  地点：where、wherever、no matter where、anywhere  条件：if、unless  原因：because、now that、since、as  目的：so that、in order that  结果：so…that、such…that  让步：(al)though  比较：as…as、not so (as)…as、than  方式：as.as if.a.s though3.时间状语从句用于表达时间。注意下列例句的意思及前后时态的一致性：    when: It was raining hard when school was over yesterday.               I got angry when I heard the news.              She wants to be a teacher when she grows up.    while: My father was cooking while my mother was reading last night.    before: I finished my homework before I went to bed last night.    after: After I (had) turned off the lights, I went to bed last night.    as soon as: I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back.                      The students entered the classroom as soon as the bell rang.    since: I have lived here since l was born    until: I didn't leave here until my mother came yesterday.4.地点状语从句一般由where, wherever和everywhere引导。地点状语从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。如：Where there is a will，there is a way.       Wherever he goes, he keeps in mind what his father has instructed tum地点状语从句可以有省略的表达方式。如：Put in an article where (you think it is) necessary.5.条件状语从句用来表示主句情况实现的条件。主要时态为主句将来时，从句现在时。如：If I have time tomorrow, I'll go shopping with you.6.结果状语从句表示结果，常用so…that或such…that引导。如：Peter is so clever that he can answer the question    Peter is such a clever boy that he can answer the question.    比较上面两句句子，可以发现so修饰形容词，而such修饰名词。这两个复合句在改为简单句时可以用too…to（太……而不能）或       (not)enough…to do（做某事足够……／做某事不足够……）形式转换。如：The car is so expensive that I can't buy it．（改为简单句）    The car is too expensive for me to buy.    The car is not cheap enough for me to buy.    The boy is so old that he can join the army.（改为简单句）    The boy is old enough to join the army.7.原因状语从句表示原因，引导原因状语从句常用的连词有because（因为）、since（因为、既然）、as（因为、由于）、now that（既然、由于）等。如：I can't go to see the film because I'm quite busy.    Now that everything is ready, we can set off at once.    I'll get up at 5 tomorrow morning because I'II meet my uncle at the railway station    注意：because语气最强，用why提问。as语气较弱，表示的是明显原因。since、now、that表示明显原因或众所周知的事实。8.目的状语从句表示目的，由so that或in order that引导。在改为简单句时可以由in order to或so as to引导。如：I got up early this morning so that I could catch the early bus.      改成：I got up early this morning in order to catch the early bus.      The teacher explained the text slowly in order that all of us might understand it.      改成：The teacher explained the text slowly in order to be understood by all of us.9.让步状语从句用来表示让步，引导让步状语从句的常用从属连词有though、although(虽然……但是……)等。要注意的是，英语和汉语的连词运用情况不同，汉语常用成对连词，如“虽然……但是……”、“因为……所以……”，但在英语中只使用其中一个，用了although就不用but，用了but就不用although。两者不能同时使用。如：He is old and weak, but he works hard       He works hard though he is old and weak.       Though he is old and weak, he works hard.10.比较状语从句用来表示比较，它常省略与主句重复的部分。如：The boy is as tall as his father now.       He can't play football as well as he used to.11.方式状语从句常用连词是as if和as though引导。这两个短语的用法相同，意思是“好像，仿佛”，引导方式状语从句时有时用虚拟语气，表示可能性很小或不符合实际事实的情况。as if和as though从句可用省略形式，后面常接不定式、分词、形容词和介词短语。如：The Little boy talks as if he were a man.       The woman looks here and there as if (she is) looking for something.引导方式状语从句的连词还有the way，as等。如：You'd better change the way you speak to your parents.       Man needs air as fish needs water. 1．—Peter, ________ is the Winter Olympics held?—Every four years.A．how long B．how far C．how soon D．how often2．________ useful advice you gave me yesterday! It really helps me a lot.A．What an B．How C．What D．What a3．________ exciting music program I’ve ever watched!A．How B．How a C．What a D．What an4．—I was asked to hold a welcome party, but I have no idea how to do it.—________ ask the head teacher for some advice?A．How about B．Why not C．Let’s D．Go ahead5．—Listen! Lily is practicing playing the piano in the next room. —Wow, ________ beautiful music she is playing!A．How a B．How C．What a D．What6．—________ can these students finish designing the poster?— In less than an hour.A．How fast B．How many times C．How soon D．How often7．If you don’t go hiking this Sunday, ________.A．so will I B．so do I C．neither will I D．neither do I8．—________is it from your home to the hospital? — About 10 minutes’ ride.A．How long B．How far C．How often D．How soon9．— ________ are you dressing up in the nice blue dress for, Kate?— We will have a welcome party soon, you know, Mum.A．Why B．Which C．What D．Who10．—I haven’t seen My Country, My Parents yet. —________. How about watching it together tonight?A．So do I B．Neither do I C．So have I D．Neither have I11．You wouldn’t believe ___________ quickly my French has improved because of that.A．what a B．what C．what an D．how12．—I haven’t heard of the ballet dancer’s name.—________. In fact, I’m not interested in dancing.A．Neither have I B．So do I C．So have I D．Neither do I13．—Which brand of running shoes do you like, Nike or Li Ning?—________. I like Chinese brands.A．Either B．Neither C．Nike is my favorite D．I prefer Li Ning14．—I didn’t want to be a doctor when I was a little boy. —_______.A．Neither I was B．Neither was I C．Neither I did D．Neither did I15．—How do you like the TV play?—________A．It’s wonderful. B．What about you?C．Yes, I like it. D．No, I don’t like it at all.16．—________ do you play basketball?—Twice a week.A．How much B．How long C．How often D．How far17．________ exciting news it is!A．What an B．How an C．How D．What18．—Stop eating, Jenny! Eating ________ in the library. —Oh, I’m sorry.A．allows B．isn’t allowed C．is allowed D．doesn’t allow19．We watched the boat races last Sunday. ________ fantastic the dragon boat teams were!A．What B．How C．What a D．How a20．—Must we clean the classroom now?—________. You can clean it after school.A．Yes, you must B．No, you needn’t C．Yes, you can D．No, mustn’t21．I heard Erquan Yingyue for the first time yesterday. ______ sad story behind the music!A．What B．What the C．What a D．What an22．—On December 23rd China successfully launched its test 12 satellite(卫星) into space!—________ exciting news!A．How B．What C．What a D．What an23．—Will you go to the Max City tomorrow?—If you don’t, _________.A．so do I B．so will I C．neither do I D．neither will I24．—I don’t think that watching TV ads is a waste of time. —________. As far as I know, some of them are really creative.A．The same to you B．Me too C．So do I D．Neither do I25．—Listen! The children are singing in the classroom. —________ beautiful song!A．How B．What C．What a D．What an26．—          I hand in the poster today, Miss Wang?—No. you needn’t.A．Must B．Can C．Should D．Need27．—What ________ educational movie The Battle at Lake Changjin is!—Yeah. I like it very much.A．a B．an C．the D．/28．— ________ excellent work you have done!—It’s very kind of you to say so.A．How B．What an C．How an D．What29．— I am looking forward to the film Once Upon A Time In Hollywood. ________ will it begin?— ________ next week.A．When; Until B．When; Not untilC．How long; Not until D．How long; Until30．—Li Lei is very strict with himself, he has improved his math a lot this term. —________, and ________.A．So he has; so you have B．So he has; so have youC．So has he; so have you D．So has he; so you have