专题13 语法无忧 时态语态在手——2023年中考英语思维导图+必备知识点梳理+精练学案（牛津上海版）（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份专题13 语法无忧 时态语态在手——2023年中考英语思维导图+必备知识点梳理+精练学案（牛津上海版）（原卷版+解析版），文件包含专题14中考无忧五选四在手解析版2023年中考英语思维导图+必备知识点梳理+精练学案牛津上海版docx、专题14中考无忧五选四在手原卷版2023年中考英语思维导图+必备知识点梳理+精练学案牛津上海版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共18页， 欢迎下载使用。
专题14 中考无忧 五选四在手一、   五选四解题技巧五选四的考题特点：1. 词汇方面注重对于词汇和搭配的考察。2. 语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力。3. 逻辑方面考察上下文联系 知识点1：五选四解题步骤 STEP 1 详读选项，词分类 两篇文章选项中的10个词是考查的关键，考生应该详细的理解这10个单词。熟悉的单词标明词性和词义，不熟悉的单词或者不认识的单词只需标明词性，然后根据名词、动词、形容词、副词四大类按规律排列在试卷上。这样就缩小了选择的范围，降低了试题的难度。  注意：1. 动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。非谓语动词包括：动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。过去分词有两种可能性(形容词和动词的过去分词), 因此要根据动词的形式结合文章进行相应的时态或者语态的判断。2. 不认识的词要看后缀。构词法中, 前缀区分意思, 后缀区分词性。所以看词尾往往能大致分出词性。词性无法确定的, 暂时搁置。3. 做出相应的标记。在英文中有的单词不只有一个词性，比如大家常见的play/visit/study基友名词词性也有动词词性。 STEP 2 略读全文，定中心 考生拿到题目以后，由于考查考生对篇章的理解，应该略读整篇文章，确定文章的中心或主要说明的问题。要抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题词或主题。和完型填空一样，一般文章第一句不设空格，以便让考生知道本文的相关主题词或主题。在此，建议大家使用略读的方法，以快速掌握文章大意。 STEP 3 瞻前顾后，灵活选 词性分类之后，回到原文中，根据原文中空格的前后单词或者前后语句确定所要填的词性，然后从分类好的单词中选择出词性、意思、语法都符合要求的最佳选项。首先，根据语法知识确认可以被填入此空的词性，然后按第一步中标注出的词性进行筛选，最后将备选词逐个代入空中细读句意，考虑上下问逻辑关系做出选择。 STEP 4 复核检查，定结果 篇章词汇理解题目类似于完型填空，这需要考生不仅要迅速的确定答案，还要在确定答案之后迅速的复查。检查上下文是否通顺、上下文的逻辑结构是否正确、文章的意思是否出现偏差等等，复查无误后即可确定为最后答案。 知识点2 : 五选四解题技巧 STEP 1判断词性的技巧前面提到的“瞻前顾后”就是需要考生根据空格的前后来决定所填词的词性以及应填的正确选项，我们可以根据一些简单的语法知识确定答案。应该说语法知识是解词汇理解题的基础。  1. 确定空格为名词 (1) a /an/the n. , adj. n. , vt. n. , 即空格处前面为冠词、形容词或者及物动词的，空格处应填入名词； (2) n. v., 即空格处后面是动词的，空格处应填入该动词的主语(名词)； (3) prep. n., 即空格处前面是介词的，空格处充当介词宾语，用填入一个名词或动名词。  2. 确定空格为动词 (1) n. /pron. vt. n./pron., 即空格前面已有名词/代词作主语，后面又有名词/代词作为动词的宾语，空格处应为及物动词； (2) n. /pron. vi. , 即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面没有宾语，空格处应填不及物动词； (3) n. /pron. vi. adv./prep., 即空格处前面是名词/代词，空格处后面是副词/介词，空格处应填入不及物动词，与副词/介词构成固定搭配； (4) n. /pron. link v./be. adj., 即空格处前面是名词/代词，后面是形容词，空格处应填入系动词或be动词； (5) to v. , 即空格处前有不定式标志to，空格处应填入动词原形；另一种情况to是介词，后面应填入动名词。 3. 确定空格为形容词 (1) adj. n. 或n. adj. , 即空格处前面或者后面为名词的，空格处应填入形容词； (2) adv. adj. , 即空格处前面是副词的，空格处应填入形容词； (3) link/be v. adj., 即空格处前面是系动词或be动词的，空格处应填入形容词作表语。  4. 确定空格为副词 (1) adv. v. 或v. adv. , 即空格处前面或者后面为动词的，空格处应填入副词； (2) adv. adj., 即空格处后面是形容词的，空格处应填入副词。   STEP 2利用逻辑关系词确定答案 在篇章词汇理解题目中，文章的逻辑关系对于考生把握整篇文章是很重要的，文章的逻辑关系通过一些逻辑关系词体现的，考生可以通过逻辑关系词来推断出一些答案。 常见的逻辑关系词如下： (1) 并列关系：and , or, as well as 等 (2) 对比关系：but , however , on the contrary , rather than 等 (3) 比较关系：as…as , like , similar 等 (4) 因果关系：because , for , since , as a result of , therefore , thus 等 (5) 举例关系：for example , for instance , such as ， and so on 等 (6) 递进关系：and , what’s more , moreover , in addition 等  STEP 3比较填词 将词性分类后，如何确定哪个选项是正确答案呢？这就需要考生进行选项间的比较，比较同词性的词汇哪一个是最佳答案。逻辑判断：即根据文章的逻辑顺序和逻辑结构，确定同词性的词汇中的哪个是最佳答案词义判断：即通过同词性词汇的中文意思是否符合文章的整体意思，由此判断是不是最合适的选项  一、短文选词填空根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。每个选项只能使用一次，每框有一项剩余。A．different      B．available       C．the same       D．happened      E. digging       Tom was a worker. He liked to grow vegetables in his garden when he was ____1____. One day after breakfast he put on his old clothes and began ____2____ in his garden at eight. He dug and dug. Half an hour later, he suddenly found a coin (硬币) near his foot. He was very glad. He put it in his right pocket. A few minutes later, he found another one. He put it in ____3____ pocket, too. The same thing ____4____ for the third, the fourth and the fifth time…A．brought       B．shop       C．hole         D．caught       E. happy   He was very ____5____ and told his wife about it. She was very happy, too. She said, “A thief (小偷) took away a lot of coins from a ____6____ a few weeks ago. The police ____7____ him but they didn’t find any coins.”Then Tom went on digging and found some more coins, but just when he began to dig, he felt something cold in his trousers. It ran down one of his legs. He put his hand down quickly and the coin came into his hand. Now he knew there was a ____8____ in his pocket. 二、从方框中选出适当的单词或短语填空，使短文意思完整通顺。第一方框供1-4小题选用，第二方框供5-8小题选用。每个选项只能使用一次。A．lost       B．thank        C．  hang out         D．in spring              E. in autumnLast Saturday, Grandma called me to have lunch with her. I wanted to ____9____ with my friends, so I turned her down. This Saturday, she gave me a phone call again. She said that she made an apple pie, but it was ____10____. I thought being a detective (侦探) was cool, so I rode my bike to her house at once (立刻). “I made the pie and cut it into five pieces,” Grandma said. “Then Paul came into the house. He helped me clean the garden. You know, a lot of leaves(树叶) fall on the ground  ____11____. ” “He might take away the pie.” I said. “Oh, no,” Grandma said. “To ____12____ him, I gave him a piece of pie.” A．  be sad about      B．at  all      C．too       D．a piece of pie      E. two pieces of pie  “Then what happened?” I asked. “Then I invited Gloria, next door neighbor, for some pie and tea with me. Her granddaughter came, ____13____” “Grandma!” I said. “Nobody took away the pie. You just gave away all the pieces of it.  One piece to Paul. You, Gloria and her granddaughter each had a piece.” “But there is still one piece missing,” Grandma seemed to ____14____ it. I had to look for more clues (线索). I walked around the house. Finally, I opened the fridge (冰箱). Oh, I saw ____15____! “You must be hungry after all these detective work. Let me heat(加热) this ‘missing’ pie for you. ” Grandma said happily and put it in the oven. The pie was really delicious. Then I came to understand that my grandma didn’t lose the pie ____16____. She just missed me and wanted to be with me. 三、根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。第一个方框供1-4小题选用，第二个方框供5-8小题选用。每个选项只能使用一次，每框有一项剩余。A．the real life     B．at least     C．stayed at home     D．Most of     E. happinessWatching TV is a popular activity in the UK. But what kind of programs do British people like to watch? They are dramas (戏剧) about ordinary life in the UK. We call those dramas “soap operas”. The popular ones are usually on ___17___ four times a week there. In the early days of the TV, there were dramas on during the day. Back in those days, men usually went out to work and women ____18____ and looked after the children. ___19___ those dramas were for women. People selling soaps would show the soaps at times when those dramas were on. The word “soap” came from here. Then what about the word “opera”? Well, that’s because those dramas were often exaggeration (夸张) of ____20____.A．play     B．lots of    C．the life of   D．came out    E. have a different storylineMost soap operas these days are on in the evening. Each soap opera will ___21___. The same people will appear in different soap operas, too.There are ____22____ different soap operas on in the UK, but there are three most popular ones. Coronation Street has been on since 1960. It shows ___23___ the working class. The second one is EastEnders and it started in 1985. The third one is Emmerdale. It ___24___ on October 16, 1972. The setting (背景) of it is similar to the one of the Archers. 四、根据短文内容，从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。每个选项只能使用一次，每框有一项剩余。A．look after  B．was able to  C．was ready to  D．in my free time  E. in a foreign countryI’m Ingabire Josiane from Rwanda（卢旺达）, a country in Africa.    Studying at a university in China was always a dream of mine. However, when I knew I ___25___ study in China, I was both happy and worried.    I was happy because my dream finally came true. I was worried because it would be my first time to be ___26___ alone （独自）...    Luckily, I have nice teachers and students here. They ___27___ me very well and they make me feel at home. I feel safe and I don’t miss my family that much. And they help me learn more about China.    I like to travel around ___28___. The more places I visit, the more wonderful things I find.A．take pictures   B．trust  C．have a walk  D．get together  E. have a great talent      I find Chinese people really enjoy sports. If you get up early in the morning and ___29___ in one of the parks, you can always meet people paying tai chi（太极）, ping-pong, badminton... And in the evening, they ___30___ in squares （广场） and dancing parties begin.    I also find Chinese people are friendly and they are interested in me. When I walk on the street, some people may invite me to ___31___ with them. And then they ask me about my country. When I talk with them in Chinese, they will say I ___32___ for language learning. They don’t know my Chinese is better and better because they help me improve it.    I believe my stay in China will be one of the most wonderful experiences in my life. 五、阅读下面短文，根据短文内容从方框中选出恰当的单词或短语填空，使语意通顺完整。第一个方框供1-4小题选用，第二个方框供5-8小题选用。每个选项只能使用一次，每框有一项剩余。A．achieve your goals  B．obey  C．to create it  D．need to follow  E. take responsible forSuccess in life often comes from your continuous effort, and only self-discipline (自律) allows you to do that. Here are three useful ways to build it.It’s up to you.No matter what your goals are, there is one great rule that you ___33___ in order to be successful: No one else is going to help you climb the mountain to success except yourself. From the day you start to make your own choice, you are responsible (负责任的) for your life. Only you can choose how you spend your time, and the decisions you reach make or break your life. So ___34___ everything in your life.Think life through in the long term.Abraham Lincoln said, “The best way to predict your future is ___35___.” If you wonder where you will be 10 years from now, look at your life today. What actions are you taking? How many new things are you learning? Are you making effort to ___36___ today? People often think that their lives will suddenly change through some magical events in the future, but that is not the case. Your life will not change unless you change it.A．whatever  B．is worth of  C．be able to  D．there will be  E. succeed inSetbacks (挫折) are part of success.In life, nothing that ___37___ having comes easy. You have to put to time, effort, pain and hard work to your goals if you want to make it. It is certainly true that there will be many setbacks, and any time you get close to finally succeeding, ___38___ some more difficulty testing how badly you really want it. Only after passing one more test, and then another, will you ___39___ succeed. Many, however, fail the final test.So when you face a challenge, just keep going! No matter how long it takes or how hard it gets, always remember the words, “I win!” “It’s not over until I win!”If you could build unbreakable self-discipline, you will ___40___ anything you set your mind to. Maybe not right now, but surely soon.    参考答案：1．B    2．E    3．C    4．D    5．E    6．B    7．D    8．C 【分析】本文主要讲述了一个叫汤姆的工人，喜欢空闲时在花园里种菜，有一天在花园里挖土，挖到了硬币，之后他又挖到第三个，第四个……。他继续挖的时候，又发现了一些硬币，最后发现了自己的口袋里有一个洞。1．句意：有空的时候，他喜欢在花园里种蔬菜。根据“He liked to grow vegetables in his garden when he was...”结合备选词汇可知此处是指当汤姆有空的时候就喜欢在花园里种菜，available“有空的”，是形容词，故选B。2．句意：一天早餐后，他穿上旧衣服，八点就开始在花园里挖土。根据“One day after breakfast he put on his old clothes and began...in his garden at eight. He dug and dug”可知此处是指在花园里挖土，dig“挖”，是动词，固定短语begin doing sth.“开始做某事”，动词用动名词形式，故选E。3．句意：他也把它放在了同一个口袋里。根据“He put it in his right pocket. A few minutes later, he found another one. He put it in...pocket, too”结合备选词汇可知此处是指放在同一个口袋里，the same“相同的”，故选C。4．句意：同样的事情发生了第三次，第四次和第五次……。根据“ The same thing...for the third, the fourth and the fifth time…”结合备选词汇可知此处是指同样的事情发生了，happen“发生”，是动词，此处应用过去式，故选D。5．句意：他很高兴，把这件事告诉了他的妻子。根据“He was very...and told his wife about it. She was very happy, too.”可知此处是指他很高兴，happy“开心的”，是形容词，故选E。6．句意：几个星期前，一个小偷从商店拿走了很多硬币。根据“A thief (小偷) took away a lot of coins from a...a few weeks ago.”结合备选词汇可知此处是指小偷从商店拿走了很多硬币，shop“商店”，故选B。7．句意：警察抓住了他，但他们没有找到任何硬币。根据“The police...him but they didn’t find any coins”可知此处是指警察抓住了小偷，catch“抓住”，是动词，此处应用过去式caught，故选D。8．句意：现在他知道自己口袋里有个洞。根据“...but just when he began to dig, he felt something cold in his trousers. It ran down one of his legs”结合备选词汇可知此处是指口袋里有个洞，hole“洞”，是名词，故选C。9．C    10．A    11．E    12．B    13．C    14．A    15．D    16．B 【分析】文章讲述了作者的奶奶为了想让作者周末和她在一起，谎称“馅饼丢了”，让作者帮助找馅饼的故事。9．句意：我想和朋友们出去玩，所以我拒绝了她。根据“Grandma called me to have lunch with her.”以及“with my friends, so I turned her down”及选词可知，作者想和朋友出去玩，所以拒绝了奶奶，hang out“闲逛”符合， 故选C。10．句意：她说她做了一个苹果派，但它丢了。根据“I thought being a detective (侦探) was cool, so I rode my bike to her house at once (立刻).”及选词可知，此处指的是“东西丢了”，故选A。11．句意：你知道，秋天有很多树叶落在地上。根据“a lot of leaves(树叶) fall on the ground”及选词可知，此处指的是“秋天”，故选E。12．句意：为了感谢他，我给了他一块馅饼。根据“Then Paul came into the house. He helped me clean the garden.”以及“him, I gave him a piece of pie.”及选词可知，此处指的是“为了感谢Paul”，故选B。13．句意：她的孙女也来了。根据“Then I invited Gloria, next door neighbor, for some pie and tea with me. Her granddaughter came”及选词可知，此处指的是“孙女也来了”，肯定句句末用too，故选C。14．句意：“但还是少了一块，”奶奶似乎很难过。根据“But there is still one piece missing”及选词可知，奶奶丢了馅饼应该很伤心，故选A。15．句意：哦，我看到了一块！根据“Finally, I opened the fridge (冰箱). Oh, I saw”以及“You must be hungry after all these detective work. Let me heat(加热) this ‘missing’ pie for you.”及选词可知，作者在冰箱发现了一块馅饼，故选D。16．句意：后来我才明白我奶奶根本没有丢馅饼。根据“my grandma didn’t lose the pie...She just missed me and wanted to be with me.”及选词可知，奶奶根本没有丢馅饼，not...at all“根本不”，故选B。17．B    18．C    19．D    20．A    21．E    22．B    23．C    24．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了英国人喜欢看的肥皂剧是什么、肥皂剧名称的由来以及最出名的作品。17．句意：最受欢迎的剧通常每周至少播放四次。根据空前“popular”和备选词汇可推断出肥皂剧在英国很受欢迎，所以一周至少播放四次，这里用短语“at least至少”。故选B。18．句意：在那些时候，男人通常出去工作，女人待在家里照看孩子。根据空后“looked after the children”和备选词汇可知女性得照看孩子，所以要待在家中，这里用短语“stayed at home待在家里”。故选C。19．句意：这些电视剧大都是为女性拍摄的。根据前一句“Back in those days, men usually went out to work and women stayed at home and looked after the children.”可知那时候的女性通常待在家里，结合备选词汇可推断出女性在家就会有时间看电视，因此大部分的电视剧都是拍给女性看的，所以这里用短语“Most of大部分”。故选D。20．句意：嗯，那是因为那些剧往往是对真实生活的夸张。根据前一句“Then what about the word ‘opera’?”和备选词汇以及常识可推断出肥皂剧大都是虚构的，往往夸大了现实生活，所以这里用短语“the real life真实生活”。故选A。21．句意：每部肥皂剧都有不同的故事情节。根据后一句“The same people will appear in different soap operas, too.”和备选词汇可推断出每部肥皂剧的内容不尽相同，所以这里用“have a different storyline有不同的故事情节”。故选E。22．句意：英国有很多不同的肥皂剧，但有三部最受欢迎。根据第一段中“Watching TV is a popular activity in the UK…We call those dramas ‘soap operas’. The popular ones are usually on at least four times a week there.”和备选词汇可知英国人喜欢看电视，可推断出英国的肥皂剧应该有许多，所以这里用短语“lots of许多”。故选B。23．句意：它展示了工人阶级的生活。根据前一句“Coronation Street has been on since 1960.”和备选词汇以及常识可知《加冕街》主要讲述了劳工阶级生活上的喜怒哀乐，所以这里用“the life of……的生活”。故选C。24．句意：它于1972年10月16日发行。根据前一句“The third one is Emmerdale.”和备选词汇以及常识可知《爱默戴尔农场》这部剧在1972年10月16号首播，所以这里用短语“came out上映”。故选D。25．B    26．E    27．A    28．D    29．C    30．D    31．A    32．E 【导语】本文主要讲述来自卢旺达的Ingabire Josiane描述自己来中国的学习的感受和对他很好的老师和同学以及他在中国旅游时发现中国人很友好和爱锻炼。25．句意：然而，当我得知我能在中国学习时，我既高兴又担心。根据“Studying at a university in China was always a dream of mine”和“I was both happy and worried”，结合备选项可知，选项B“was able to能做……”符合题意。故选B。26．句意：我很担心，因为这将是我第一次独自在国外。根据“I was happy because my dream finally came true.” 和“alone ”，结合备选项可知，选项E“in a foreign country在国外”符合题意。故选E。 27．句意：他们对我照顾得很好，让我有宾至如归的感觉。根据“they make me feel at home”及合备选项可知，选项A“look after照顾”符合题意。故选A。28．句意：我喜欢在空闲时间四处旅行。分析“I like to travel around”的结构和意思及合备选项可知，选项D“in my free time在我的空闲时间”符合题意。故选D。29．句意：如果你早上起得很早，在其中一个公园散步，你总能在晚上遇到打太极、乒乓球、打羽毛球的人。根据前文“If you get up early in the morning”和后文“you can always meet people paying tai chi（太极）, ping-pong, badminton... ”，结合备选项可知，选项C“have a walk去散步”符合题意。故选C。30．句意：晚上，他们聚在广场上，舞会开始了。根据后文“dancing parties begin”及合备选项可知，选项D“get together聚在一起”符合题意。故选D。31．句意：当我走在街上，有些人可能会要求我和他们合影。根据本句“some people may invite me to”意思及合备选项可知，选项A“take pictures拍照”符合题意。故选A。32．句意：当我用中文和他们交谈时，他们会说我在语言学习方面很有天赋。根据下文“They don’t know my Chinese is better and better because they help me improve it.”及合备选项可知，选项E“have a great talent有很好的天赋”符合题意。故选E。33．D    34．E    35．C    36．A    37．B    38．D    39．C    40．E 【导语】本文主要介绍了成功的三种方法。33．句意：无论你的目标是什么，有一项你需要遵守的重大的规定。根据搭配的宾语“rule”结合备选词汇可知此处应选“need to follow”表示“需要遵守”。故选D。34．句意：所以要为你生活中的一切负责。根据上文“From the day you start to make your own choice, you are responsible (负责任的) for your life.”提示结合备选词汇可知此处应选“take responsible for”表示“负责任”。故选E。35．句意：预测你的未来的最好的方法是创造它。此空位于be动词“is”后作表语，结合备选词汇可知此处应选“to create it”，不定式作表语，表示“去创造它”。故选C。36．句意：现在你正在为实现你的目标而努力吗？短语“make effort to”应跟动词原形，结合备选词汇可知此处应选“achieve your goals”表示“实现目标”。故选A。37．句意：生活中，任何值得拥有的东西都来之不易。此处是that引导的定语从句，缺少谓语部分，根据后面的动名词“having”结合备选词汇可知此处应选“is worth of”表示“值得”，后跟动名词。故选B。38．句意：在任何你接近最后的成功的时候，将会有更多的困难测试你到底有多想要它。根据句子结构结合备选词汇可知，此处用there be句型表示“有”，因此选择“there will be”。故选D。39．句意：只有通过一个又一个的测试，你才能成功。此处是是倒装句，缺少谓语，根据后面的动词原形“succeed”结合备选词汇可知此处应选短语“be able to”表示“能够”，后加动词原形。故选C。40．句意：如果你能建立打不破的自律，那么无论你下定决心做什么都会成功。will后应用动词原形，结合备选词汇可知，此处应用动词短语“succeed in”表示“成功地”。故选E。