人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions优秀习题

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Unit 4 History and Traditions
Review（解析版）
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
　　Travelling can be a fun way to gain life experiences, but what if you’re a student and don’t have enough money for a trip? Don’t worry. Here are some useful tips.
Save: This probably is the most important preparation for travelling. Cut expenses (花费) to fatten your wallet so you’ll have more choices about where to go and how to get there.
Plan ahead: Don’t wait until the last minute to plan your trip. Giving yourself several months to get ready can mean security and savings.
Do your homework: No matter where you go, research the places you will visit. Decide what to see. Travel books will provide information on the cheapest hotels and restaurants.
Plan sensibly: Write down how much you expect to spend for food and hotels. Stick to (坚持) your plan or you may not have enough money to cover everything.
Travel in groups: Find someone who is interested in visiting the same places. By travelling with others you can share costs and experiences.
Work as you go: Look for work in places you visit if you need more money to support your trip.
Go off the beaten path: Tourist cities may be expensive. You may want to rethink about your trip and go to a less-known area. Smaller towns can have many interesting activities and sights.
Pack necessary things: The most important things to take are not always clothes. Remember to take along medicine in case you get sick and snacks in case you cannot find a cheap restaurant.
By planning sensibly, even students can enjoy their travel. Your travel experiences will be remembered for a lifetime.
1. Before your trip, the first thing you should do is_________.  
A. to make a plan of the route
B. to get information on the Internet
C. to save money by spending less
D. to buy tickets ahead of time
2. The writer advises you _________.  
A. to share costs with any other people
B. not to go to well-known places
C. not to visit dangerous places
D. to buy anything you want to buy
3. During your trip, _________.  
A. you need more medicine than clothes
B. you should look for work all the way
C. you should remember to do your homework
D. you can gain valuable life experiences
4. Which of the following can be used as the best title of the passage?
A. How to Plan Your Travel Wisely.
B. Travel Can Be Great Fun.
C. Different Kinds of Travel.
D. How to Save Money.
答案：1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A
【文章大意】人们可以通过旅游获得很多有价值的经历。但如果你是一个学生并且你资金不充足, 又该如何明智地安排旅行活动呢?文章提供了几种建议。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一条Save: This probably is the most important preparation for travelling. 可知, 节约也许是旅行最重要的准备, 即首先考虑的是节约。故选 C 。
2. 细节理解题。根据第七条中“旅游城市花费可能比较多”可知, 作者建议去不很著名的地方, 也就是不要去著名的地方。故选B 。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章的末句 Your travel experiences will be remembered for a lifetime. 可知, 旅行的经历终生难忘, 换言之, 人们可以在旅行中获得有价值的生活经历。故选D。
4. 标题归纳题。根据文章提到的几点建议看, 文章主要讲述了如何明智地安排旅行。故选 A 。

B
　　In the US, people prefer waiting for a table to sitting with people they don’t know. This means a hostess may not seat a small group until a small table is available, even if a large one is. If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them.
At American restaurants and coffee shops you are usually served tap water before you order. You may find the bread and butter is free, and if you order coffee, you may get a free refill.
Most cities and towns have no rules about opening and closing time for stores or restaurants, though they usually do make rules for bars. Especially in large cities, stores may be open 24 hours a day.
Serving in restaurants is often large, too large for many people. If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”. It may have a picture of a dog on it, but everybody knows you’re taking the food for yourself.
Supper and dinner are both words for the evening meal. Some people have “Sunday dinner”. This is an especially big noon meal.
Tips are not usually added to the check. They are not included in the price of the meal, either. A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave. In some restaurants, a check is brought on a plate and you put your money there. Then the waiter or waitress brings you your change.
5. Which statement is true?
A. American people like sitting with people they don’t know.
B. Hostess always seats a small group at a large table.
C. American people never sit with people they don’t know.
D. American people would not light a cigarette if the people who sit at the same table mind their smoking.
6. What do American people always do when servings are too large for them?
A. They take the food home with a doggie bag for their dogs.
B. They leave the food on the table and go away.
C. They take the food home with a doggie bag and enjoy the food later.
D. They ask the waitress or waiter to keep the food for them.
7. What can you learn about “tips” according to the passage?
A. Customers often add tips to their check.
B. Tips are supposed to be left on the table when customers leave.
C. People don’t need to pay tips.
D. The price of the meal usually includes the tip.
答案：5. D 6. C 7. B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了美国人在外就餐时的一些风俗习惯。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句If you are sitting at a table with people you don’t know, it is impolite to light up a cigarette without asking if it will disturb them. 可知, 如果坐在同一张桌子旁的人介意吸烟, 美国人是不会吸烟的。故选D。
6. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句If you can’t finish your meal but would like to enjoy the food later, ask your waitress or waiter for a “doggie bag”. 可知当份量太大吃不完的时候, 美国人通常会要一个打包袋把食物带回家。故选C。
7. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句A tip of about 15% is expected and you should leave it on the table when you leave可知, 顾客离开时, 小费应该留在桌上。故选B。
C
(2019·揭西高一检测)
If you want to learn a language and become fluent in it, you really need to start as early in life as possible, because the older you get, the harder it can be to get your tongue round new words and sounds. However, that is not a reason to put off learning a language later in life, because there are still many advantages to it.
As you get older, it can become more and more tempting to stick to things you are most familiar with. However, giving yourself something new to do can help to keep your brain active, and the more active your brain is, the younger you will feel.
We all need new challenges every now and again. It makes life interesting. Don’t set your expectations too high-you aren’t going to become fluent in a couple of months, for example. Instead, set yourself short-term goals-to finish a text-book or to practice your skills on a language speaker. The challenge will provide you with a renewed energy for life.
Many people, especially when they are older, put off going overseas because they are worried about communicating with the local people. However, once you start to learn a language, you will have much more confidence to travel in countries where the language is spoken. Once you are able to buy things, ask directions and have free conversations, you will find traveling much more enjoyable.
One of the best reasons for learning a language later in life is simply because you can. When younger, you probably had little spare time. Now, you probably have more time in hand because your family has grown up and you may even have retired. There are so many tools you can use to learn languages these days (the television and Internet are two obvious ones), so you may not even have to pay.
8. It is commonly believed that when a person is old, _________.  
A. he will stop learning
B.he is slow in thought
C. he can hardly learn anything new
D. he has got no time to do anything
9. The author suggests that an old person _________.  
A. do the things he is familiar with
B. set a high goal for later life
C. take up something new
D. save his brain for future
10. The reason that old men can learn a foreign language is that _________.  
A. they are planning to travel abroad alone
B. they have more time than the young
C. they have been left behind by families
D. they have a better memory
11. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Learn a Language Later in Life
B. Gain Advantages in Later Life
C. Build up Confidence When Old
D. Older People to Meet Challenges
答案：8. B 9. C 10. B 11. B
【文章大意】大部分人认为学习外语是越早越好, 但是作者认为老年人学外语更有优势。本文介绍了老年人学外语的优势。
8. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知, 通常人们认为学习外语是越早越好。随着人的变老, 就很难发准单词的读音, 由此可推知, 通常人们认为老年人在思维上迟钝, 故选B项。
9.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句可知, 作者建议老年人应该尝试新的事情, 以便使自己的大脑活跃, 故选C项。
10. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知, 老年人学外语最好的理由是他们有充裕的时间, 故选B项。尽管文中提到了到国外旅游, 但这并不是他们的计划, 而是学好外语之后的优势。
11.标题归纳题。通读全文可知, 文章主要介绍了老年人学习外语的优势, 故选B项。
D
(2019·泰安高一检测)
From the moment you open your eyes in the morning, you can feel sweat (汗水)running down your body, even if you’re barely moving at all. That’s what most people in China felt like this summer. In fact, the entire northern hemisphere(半球 )saw high temperatures in July. The Arctic Circle(北极圈) was no exception(例外). Temperatures in the city of Norilsk, which is in the Arctic Circle, reached a record high of 32 ℃, The Atlantic reported. Temperatures there are usually just 10 ℃ at this time of the year.
The heat wave in the Arctic is mainly a long-term result of global warming, according to the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences. In fact, while the whole world is getting warmer, the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet. This is called the polar amplification effect(极地放大效应).
The most direct impact(影响) of Arctic warming is the melting of Arctic ice. According to NASA, Arctic sea ice is now disappearing at a rate of 13. 2 percent every 10 years. NASA said that if this continues, the Arctic will have no ice by the year 2040. _________ has put some Arctic animals, like polar bears, in danger. The ice that the bears live on has shrunk(缩小), the Toronto Star reported.
Melting ice can also cause sea levels to rise in the long term. Since 1993, sea levels have risen at a rate of 3. 2 cm every 10 years, the Guardian reported. Some countries, such as Tuvalu(图瓦卢) in the South Pacific Ocean and Maldives(马尔代夫) in the Indian Ocean, are at risk of disappearing into the sea.
12. Which of the following is true?
A. Some countries in the ocean will disappear in 10 years.
B. China is the hottest in the northern hemisphere this summer.
C. The temperatures in Norilsk used to be lower than this summer.
D. The world gets warmer because of the heat wave in the Arctic.
13. What does the underlined word “this” in the third paragraph refer to?
A. The heat wave in the Arctic.
B. The result of global warming.
C. Getting warmer in the world.
D. The Arctic getting warm faster.
14. What may be the result of the melting of Arctic ice?
A. The polar will become dangerous.
B. Sea levels rise in the long term.
C. There will be an end of water shortage.
D. There will be no ice in the world by 2040.
35. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Heat hits Arctic.
B. Arctic animals are in danger.
C. The world became hotter than before.
D. Some countries may disappear into the sea.
答案：12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A
【文章大意】本文讲述的是“热在冲击北极”。
12.细节理解题。根据第一段Temperatures in the city of Norilsk, which is in the Arctic Circle, reached a record high of 32 ℃, The Atlantic reported. Temperatures there are usually just 10 ℃at this time of the year. 可知, Norilsk的气温曾经低于今年夏天。故选C。
13.词义猜测题。根据第二段中In fact, while the whole world is getting warmer, the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet. This is called the polar amplification effect. 事实上, 当整个世界变暖的时候, 北极的变暖速度是地球其他地方的两倍。这就是所谓的极地放大效应。由此推知划线词This指的是“北极变暖得更快”。故选D。
14.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句Melting ice can also cause sea levels to rise in the long term. 可知, 北极冰层融化的结果从长远来看, 也能使海平面上升。故选B。
15.主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句The heat wave in the Arctic is mainly a long-term result of global warming, 和第三段第一句The most direct impact of Arctic warming is the melting of Arctic ice. 可知, 本文讲述的是“热在冲击北极”。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
　　根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2019·清远高一期检测)
Have you promised that you are going to get healthier? Maybe you want to lose weight, get stronger and have more energy. Maybe you are under the doctor’s orders to eat right and take exercise more. 　36　 But with so many choices, it can be hard to get started. So here are healthy tips that you can follow.  
Eat right. Healthy eating is harder than before. Now many supermarkets or restaurants are packed with unhealthy choices that cause weight gain and weaken energy. Over time, making poor food choices can cause illness. 　37　. Eat natural and organic foods as often as possible. Cut out the junk food.  
Keep healthy. 　38　. So take exercise at once. Once you get started, you will be more likely to stick to it.  
Reduce stress. In the US, 77% of people often experience physical stress. 　39　 You can manage stress by taking exercise, getting enough rest and cleaning bad relationships from your life.  
　40　. Sure, some people are naturally happier than others. But there are things you can consciously do to be happier. And guess what—they are all free. So if you want to be happier, there are a few things to do, for example, express thanks, help others , or learn how to meditate.  
A. Sleep well.
B. Choose happiness.
C. Well, those all sound great.
D. But you don’t have to be concerned about it.
E. That is not a group you want to be a part of.
F. So tell someone you love how you feel about them.
G. People who often take exercise are generally happier and healthier than people who don’t.
【文章大意】本文是篇说明文。文章介绍了如何使自己更加健康的几种方法。
16. 前一句提到医生的关于正确饮食和多锻炼的忠告, 后一句提到面对医生的那么多忠告, 我们往往很难开始实践。因此, 此空的内容是对前一句医生的那些忠告进行的一个评价。故选C。
17. 这一段讲的是“吃得正确”, 提到现在超市和餐馆里的食品很难让人有正确的选择, 而长期不当的选择又会导致疾病。对于这样的问题, 我们很难解决, 于是作者给出了自己的建议: 不用考虑那么多, 尽量吃自然的和有机的食物就可以了。故选D。
18. 这一段介绍的是锻炼和身体健康的关系。在所有的选项中只有G项提到了锻炼和健康的关系。这里强调的是锻炼会让人更加健康和快乐。故选G。
19. 这一段介绍减少压力对健康的重要性, 提到美国人有77%的都有身体方面的压力。作者认为, 你若不想成为其中的一员, 就得taking exercise, getting enough rest and cleaning bad relationships from your life。故选E。
20. 这一段介绍的是快乐和健康的关系, 并提出了如何成为一个更加快乐的人。在选项中的B项中“choose happiness”符合题意。故选B。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
　　(2019·清远高一检测)
A young girl is smiling at me from a picture frame on my desk as I write this. She is my child I 　21　 sponsored from the Philippines. Even though I have never met her in person, she has found a 　22　 place in my heart. It doesn’t 　23　 me much to help her, about a dollar a day. 　24　, millions of people in this world live on less. The 　25　 that helping her gives me, however, is beyond 　26　. It connects me to her, to life, 　27　 to love.  
I can still 　28　 the first time that I decided to help a child overseas. It was many years ago. I was only a teenager myself and had a little extra 　29　 each month. I didn’t feel like 　30　 anything, though. We had 　31　 everything we had in a house fire a few years before. 　32　 that had taught me a lot. I had learned that I didn’t need a lot of “stuff” to be 　33　. I had also read a lot about the 　34　 of children in poor countries around the world. It seemed like a far better thing then to give what I could to help them. With my Mom’s love and 　35　, I soon found a few organizations like Children International that were 　36　 others around the world. It felt so good being able to reach out and help another 　37　. It felt so good being able to make even one life better. I could feel the compassion and 　38　 growing within me and beginning to change me.  
Empathy (同情) does change us. It helps us to 　39　, to be kind, and to make this world a 　40　 place.  
21. A. even　　 B. once　　 C. still　 　 D. seldom
22. A. special B. proper C. necessary D. possible
23. A. matter B. waste C. cost D. save
24. A. Therefore B. Besides C. Otherwise D. However
25. A. wealth B. anxiety C. challenge D. joy
26. A. imagination B. complaint C. price D. reach
27. A. but B. and C. so D. or
28. A. remember B. doubt C. admit D. realize
29. A. money B. time C. energy D. labor
30. A. doing B. buying C. facing D. missing
31. A. stored B. found C. lost D. searched
32. A. Putting aside B. Taking on C. Paying for D. Going through
33. A. happy B. relaxed C. energetic D. positive
34. A. education B. suffering C. tale D. anger
35. A. courage B. belief C. support D. faith
36. A. treating B. praising C. honoring D. serving
37. A. in need B. in peace C. in fear D. in silence
38. A. relief B. empathy C. ease D. guilty
39. A. donate B. think C. love D. sponsor
40. A. bigger B. safer C. smaller D. better
答案：21--25 BACDD 26--30 CBAAB 31--35 CDABC 36--40 DABCD
【文章大意】本文作者通过讲述自己资助外国小孩儿的故事, 说明了这样一个道理: 同情心帮助我们去爱别人, 让我们变得更加善良, 也会让这个世界变得更加美好。
21.【解析】选B。考查副词。在我写这篇文章的时候, 我桌上相框中的小女孩正朝着我微笑。她正是我曾经资助过的来自菲律宾的小孩。even 甚至; once 曾经; still 仍然; seldom很少。
22.【解析】选A。考查形容词。尽管我从来没有亲眼见过她, 但是她在我的心中占据了一块特殊的位置。special 特别的; proper 适当的; necessary 必要的; possible可能的。
23.【解析】选C。考查动词。根据下文“about a dollar a day”可知我资助小女孩, 每天大约一美元, 花费的并不多。matter 有关系, waste 浪费, cost 花费, save节省。
24.【解析】选D。考查连词。但是世界上还有几百万人每天花费不到一美元。根据语意可知, 上下文是转折关系。Therefore因此, Besides 此外, Otherwise 否则, However然而。
25.【解析】选D。考查名词。我自愿帮助她, 帮助她给我带来了快乐。wealth 财富, anxiety 焦虑, challenge挑战,joy快乐。
26.【解析】选C。考查固定短语。帮助她给我带来的快乐是无价的。beyond price无价的, 宝贵的。
27.【解析】选B 。考查连词。它把我和她、生活还有爱联系在一起。to her, to life和to love为并列关系, 故选and。
28.【解析】选A。 考查动词。我仍然记得我第一次决定帮助外国孩子的情形。remember 记得, doubt怀疑, admit 承认, realize认识到。
29.【解析】选A 。考查名词。根据语境可知, 很多年前, 我年少时, 每月会有一点额外的零花钱。money钱,time 时间,energy 精力,labor劳动。
30.【解析】选B。考查动词。虽然有点零花钱, 但是我不想买任何东西。doing 做, buying 买, facing 面对, missing错过。
31.【解析】选C。考查动词。几年前家里着火, 我们失去了一切。stored 储存, found 找到, lost 失去, searched寻找。
32.【解析】选D。考查动词短语。经历了那件事让我学会了很多。Putting aside储备, Taking on 呈现, Paying for 为……付钱, Going through经历。
33.【解析】选A。考查形容词。获得快乐不需要拥有很多东西。happy幸福的, relaxed 放松的, energetic精力充沛的, positive积极的。
34.【解析】选B。考查名词。根据后文“children in poor countries around the world”可知, 我也了解到了生活在贫穷国家中的孩子所遭遇的不幸。education 教育, suffering 受难, tale 故事, anger愤怒。
35.【解析】选C。考查名词。在母亲的爱与支持下, 不久我找到了一些如国际儿童组织等这样的一些组织。courage 勇气,belief 信仰,support 支持,faith信念。
36.【解析】选D。考查动词。前文提到: 我通过捐赠来帮助他们。可知我找到的这些组织是为全世界人民服务的。treating对待, praising 赞美, honoring 尊敬,serving服务。
37.【解析】选A。考查固定短语。能够伸出援手帮助需要帮助的人, 让自己感觉很好。in need需要帮助的, 是固定短语。
38.【解析】选B。考查词义。我可以感受到自己的同情和怜悯之心正在慢慢改变着自己。relief 安慰,empathy同情,ease 舒适,guilty有罪的。
39【解析】选C。考查动词。同情心帮助我们去爱别人, 让我们变得更加善良, 也会让这个世界变得更加美好。donate 捐赠, think 想,love 爱,sponsor赞助。
40.【解析】选D。考查形容词。同情心帮助我们去爱别人, 让我们变得更加善良, 也会让这个世界变得更加美好。bigger 更大,safer 更安全,smaller 更小,better更好。
Ⅳ. 语法填空
　　阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
　　Moon Day is celebrated on July 20 every year. Moon Day marks the first human landing on the moon 41. _________ happened on July 20, 1969. Ever since 1969, Moon Day 42. _________(celebrate) in the United States to mark one of the
43. _________(great) achievements in human history.  
Moon Day is 44. _________(large) celebrated by NASA and space officials. All kinds of events are organized across 45. _________ country to mark this important event. Everyone can celebrate Moon Day 46. _________ his or her own way. One great way is to make sure you look at the moon that day. You can also bake cookies and cut 47. _________(they) into the shape of the moon. Besides, you can consider 48. _________(learn) some facts about the moon. Going to the moon on Google Moon is a great idea to get familiar with our natural moon.  
It is really important 49. _________(educate) your kids about the history of Moon Day. In this way, children can learn about what happened on July 20, 1969 and understand the 50. _________(important) of this event.  
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了美国的Moon Day, 它的历史以及庆祝方式。
41. 【解析】that。考查关系代词。此处用that引导定语从句, 修饰先行词landing, 并在定语从句中作主语。因为landing前面有序数词the first修饰, 所以此处不能用which。
42. 【解析】has been celebrated。考查动词的时态和语态。前面的Ever since说明此句要用完成时态, Moon Day和celebrate之间是被动关系, 因此用现在完成时的被动语态。
43. 【解析】greatest。考查形容词最高级。根据前面的one of the. . . 可知, 此处用形容词great的最高级, 表示最伟大的成就之一。
44. 【解析】largely。考查副词。此处用large的副词形式修饰谓语动词celebrate。
45. 【解析】the。考查冠词。根据上文的in the United States可知, 此处用the country特指美国。
46. 【解析】in。考查介词。in one’s own way意为“用某人自己的方式”。
47. 【解析】them。考查代词。此处用them作cut的宾语, 指代前面提到的cookies。
48. 【解析】learning。考查非谓语动词。consider后面接动词v. -ing形式, 意为“考虑做某事”。
49. 【解析】to educate。考查非谓语动词。本句话用it作形式主语, 后面用不定式作真正的主语。
50. 【解析】importance。考查名词。根据前面的定冠词the可知, 此处用名词importance作understand的宾语。
V. 写作
假如你是李华, 你的网友John即将外出旅行, 请你根据以下提示, 用英语给他写封电子邮件, 向他介绍你对旅游的看法并提醒他旅行的注意事项。
1. 旅游是一种非常好的活动。欣赏美景, 呼吸新鲜空气, 交朋友, 放松。
2. 旅行前的准备。了解天气, 带好衣服、相机、常用药品等。
3. 旅行时注意饮食卫生和安全。
要求:
1. 行文连贯, 不得逐句翻译;
2. 词数: 100词左右, 开头已给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear John,
I’m glad to hear that you are going to travel.
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Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear John,
I’m glad to hear that you are going to travel. Now I’d like to share my views on travelling with you.
In my opinion, travelling is a very good activity. When you have free time, you can go out to enjoy the beauty of nature. You can breathe the fresh air, meet different people, make friends with them and make yourself relaxed.
In order to have a pleasant journey, you need to make preparations ahead of time. You’d better have clear information about the weather, and bring proper clothes,a camera, some medicine and so on. On your journey, you must pay attention to what you eat. Be careful with everything around you.
Wish you a good journey.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua