Section Ⅳ　Discovering Useful Structures——过去分词作定语和宾语补足语

一、过去分词作定语

1.过去分词作定语时的意义

通常及物动词的过去分词作定语强调被动、完成或只强调被动；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。

Her daughter brought up by me has begun to work.

由我带大的她的那个女儿已经开始工作了。(及物动词短语；被动、完成)

The wind swept the fallen leaves.风刮走了落叶。(不及物动词；完成)

2.过去分词作定语时的位置

(1)单个的过去分词作定语，常放在所修饰的词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，常放在所修饰的词后面，此时，它相当于定语从句。

(2)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。

He told me that this was the wounded soldier.

他告诉我这就是那个受伤的士兵。

Near the window is a bookshelf filled with books(＝which is filled with books).

靠近窗户有一个装满书的书架。

There has been nothing changed in London since I left it two years ago.

自从我两年前离开伦敦后，它就一直没有什么变化。

[名师提醒]

(1)有些过去分词，如left(剩余的)，concerned(有关的)等，习惯用作后置定语。

the room left　　所剩的空间　　the people concerned　　有关人士

(2)某些不及物动词的过去分词，不可以单独作前置定语，但可以与某些副词构成复合形容词作前置定语。

well­behaved children　　　　　　　 规规矩矩的孩子

a widely­traveled businessman   一个游历广泛的商人

newly­arrived visitors  新来的参观者

3.过去分词、现在分词和不定式作定语的区别

二、过去分词作宾语补足语

1.过去分词和宾语之间的关系

及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语通常为被动关系；少数不及物动词(如fall，go，change等)的过去分词作宾语补足语时仅表示动作的完成；seat，hide，dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语时一般表示宾语的状态，不表示被动或完成。

I had my watch repaired.我修理了我的手表。

When she woke up, she found the world changed.

她醒来后，发现世界变了个样。

When I came in, I found the boy hidden behind the door.

我进来时发现这个男孩藏在门后面。

2.过去分词作宾语补足语的五种情况

(1)过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等后面，构成“keep/leave＋n./pron.＋过去分词”形式。

With English words getting popular, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving the public divided into two opposing groups：“For” and “Against”.随着英语单词越来越流行，一部中国字典收集了239个，这让公众分成了相反的两组：一组支持，另外一组反对。

(2)用在表示“致使”意义的动词后面，构成“have/get/make＋n./pron.＋过去分词”形式。

They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.

他们准备让人把门厅粉刷成白色。(表示“让某事被别人做”。)

He is trying to make himself understood.他在努力把自己的意思说清楚。

(3)用在感官动词或表示心理状态的动词后面。如：see, watch, observe, find, hear, feel, notice等，构成“see/watch...＋n./pron.＋过去分词”形式。

She felt a great weight taken off her mind.她觉得心里轻松多了。

The next morning people found the outside world completely changed.

第二天早上，人们发现外面的世界全变了。

(4)用在表示爱憎、意愿等动词后面，如like，hate，want，wish等，构成“like/hate...＋n./pron.＋过去分词”形式。

I wish the problem settled at the meeting.我希望这个问题在会议上被解决。

(5)用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾语与过去分词在逻辑上存在被动关系。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。

With many brightly colored flowers planted around it, her house looks like a beautiful garden.

由于周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，她的房子看上去就像一个漂亮的花园。

[巩固内化1]　

请判断下列句中加黑部分属于哪种情况

A.只表被动　　　B.只表完成

C.既表被动又表完成

①On the other hand, I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed country.B

②I found it hard to understand the English spoken by the native villagers.A

③It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.C

[巩固内化2]　

用所给词的适当形式填空

①The adobe dwellings (土坯房)___ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.

②The witnesses ______ (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions.

③I was the first Western TV reporter _____ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.

[巩固内化3]　

用分词作定语补全句子

①Even though it is still in summer，__________________on the ground.

即使仍是夏天，地上有很多落叶。

②Nowadays there are a lot of man­made satellites _______________.

如今在太空中有许许多多人造卫星在飞行。

③There are many problems ____________.有很多问题有待于解决。

[巩固内化4]　选择下列句中加黑部分之间的关系

A.表示被动关系

B.表示动作完成

C.表示宾语状态

①She found the necklace gone on her way home.__

②I found a girl seated in the corner, crying.___

③I had the letter posted.___

[巩固内化5]

用所给词的适当形式填空

①Back from his two­year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ___ (take) good care of at home.

②Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car___ (wash).

③Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues ____ (amuse) with her stories.

④With the problem___ (solve), the quality has been improved.

⑤The boss wouldn’t like the topic ____ (discuss) at the meeting.

⑥He walked into the room quietly in order not to make himself ___ (notice).

Ⅰ.补全句子

1.Tom saw_____ on the ground when he came into his room.

 汤姆走进房间时看到了地面上有一个打坏了的玻璃杯。

2.The bridge______ is beneficial to us all.

正在建设的大桥对我们大家都有益。

3.The Internet keeps _____ the latest news and also provides entertainment for us at home.

网络使我们在家就能了解最新的新闻，而且也为我们提供娱乐。

4.If you want to make ______-,__you should first of all respect others.

如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须首先尊重别人。

5.Addicted to computer games, he left _________.

他沉迷于电脑游戏，很多作业没有做完。

6.With _____,__we all went home.

所有的作业都完成了，我们都回家了。

7.Wherever we go, we will see ____________.

无论我们到哪里，都会看到这种产品在做广告。

8.When he woke up，he found_________________ a group of children.

当他醒来时，发现一群孩子围着他。

Ⅱ.用过去分词作定语或宾语补足语完成语段

The lake ___________(包围)by beautiful natural landscape looked more beautiful.When finding it，the explorer was amazed at the beauty of the lake.Eating the______ (家做的) bread with butter and honey, he was using the __________ (放置) telescope to admire the lake, which made him___________ (放松) and pleased.