2021学年Unit 4 Space Exploration课后练习题

Unit 4 Space Exploration测试卷

（B卷提升卷）原卷版

                        【新人教版】

注意事项：

1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。

2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分  阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

What would it be like to live on Mars? Volunteers are spending eight months in an area that looks much like the surface of Mars. They are isolated high on top of Mauna Loa, a volcanic mountain on the Big Island of Hawaii, living on a simulated, or make-believe, Mars Base.

The project called HI-SEAS is in the charge of Kim Binsted. She says this wild environment is as close to Mars as you can find on Earth. Because it is so high, the land is not warm or rich with plants, like the rest of Hawaii.

"You will see there is really no visible plant life or animal life. And you have got this wonderful volcanic material."

Mauna Loa, 2, 500 metres above sea level, is geologically very similar to Olympus Mons on Mars and almost as tall as that Martian mountain. When measured from its base, deep in the ocean, Mauna Loa is the second largest mountain in our solar system, after the one on Mars.

     The six-member HI-SEAS crew is mostly self-suffi-cient. Food and other supplies are brought to them. But the individuals bringing those supplies cannot communicate with volunteers inside the habitat, or base.

Kim Binsted says this experiment looks at how the astronauts interact, or get along with each other. "We study how well they work together, how we can keep them happy and supported, and not wanting to kill each other over these long durations."

    Crew members communicate with the outside world through e-mail and blogs. They also produce videos on the YouTube website.

    "I am really enjoying this opportunity to live in this dome and pretend that I'm on Mars and get to learn all sorts of new skills," one of them said.

    "Whoever gets there first, the trip will not be easy," says Kim Binsted. "It is going to be challenging."

1. What do we know about Olympus Mons?

1. It is 2, 500 meters above sea level.
   B. It is geologically similar to Mauna Loa.
   C. It is the second largest mountain on the earth.
   D. It is a mountain on the Big Island of Hawaii.

2. What is the purpose of the experiment?

A. To set up a space station.
B. To explore a new settlement for humans.
C. To study how the astronauts treat each other.
D. To prove human can live in whatever conditions.

3. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Volunteers First Explore Mars
B. Volunteers Experience Life in Hawaii
C. Volunteers Get A Taste of Mars in Hawaii
D. Volunteers Study the Environment on Mars

B

    Space travel is definitely bad for astronauts' bones, reducing their bone density (密度) after only a month of weightlessness, according to French research published on Friday.

    Laurence Vico and his fellow workers at St Etienne University called for more research into the effects of microgravity, after their study of 15 astronauts from the Russian MIR station showed bone loss continued throughout space flights.

    "Bone loss was especially striking in four astronauts," the scientists reported in the Lancet Medical Journal.

    They measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of the bones in the forearm (前臂) and lower leg of the astronauts who had spent one to six months in space.

    The BMD loss was significant in the tibia (胫骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone, but barely changed in the radius (桡骨) of the forearm. "Our results indicate the need to investigate not only different bones, but also different areas of the same bone since not all sites of the skeleton (骨架) are similarly affected by space conditions," they added.

    Without gravity the body isn't bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium (钙) which makes bones strong, and it begins to empty into the bloodstream.

    The research team suggested in future scientists should try to determine if the loss of bone density was only on weight-bearing bones on longer flights.

4. French scientists did their research on Russian astronauts, because ________.

A. they only cared for the Russian astronauts
B. they were not interested in their own astronauts
C. the Russian government invited them to do their research
D. the Russian astronauts worked in space for a long time

5. Scientists have found that ________.

A. the BMD loss may cause serious illness for astronauts
B. the BMD loss may cause some change in astronauts' bodies
C. astronauts shouldn't care about the BMD loss
D. astronauts should take some calcium before space travel

6. What caused the BMD loss for astronauts, according to this passage?

A. The food they ate in space.
B. The drinks they took in space.
C. The temperature in space.
D. Gravity in space.

7. In the third paragraph, the word "striking" means ________.

A. unusual B. simple C. weak D. slow

                                       C

    Most people, when they travel to space, would like to stay in orbit for a few days or more. And this stands to reason, if you're paying $20,000 for your trip to orbit! So in order for tourism to reach its full potential there's going to be a need for orbital accommodation—or space hotels. What would a space hotel actually be like to visit? Hotels in orbit will offer the services you expect from a hotel—private rooms, meals, bars. But they'll also offer two unique experiences: impressive views—of Earth and space—and the endless entertainment of living in zero gravity—including sports and other activities that make use of this.
    The hotels themselves will vary greatly—from being quite simple in the early days to huge luxury structures at a later date. It's actually surprising that as late as 1997, very few designs for space hotels were published. This is mainly because those who might be expected to design them haven't expected launch costs to come down far enough to make them possible.
    Lots of people who've been to space have described vividly what it's like to live in zero gravity. There are obviously all sorts of possibilities for dancing, gymnastics, and zero-G sports. Luckily, you don't need to sleep much living in zero gravity, so you'll have plenty of time for relaxing by hanging out in a bar with a window looking down at the turning Earth below.
    Of course all good things have come to an end, unfortunately. And so after a few days you'll find yourself heading back though you'll be much more expert at exercising in zero gravity than you were when you arrived. You'll be thinking how soon you can save up enough to get back up again—or maybe you should change jobs to get to work in an orbiting hotel.

8. When traveling in space, most people would like to stay in orbit for a few days because ____.

A. it is expensive to travel in space
B. they would find the possible life in other star systems
C. they could enjoy the luxury of space hotels
D. they want to realize the full potential of tourism

9. Which of the following is a unique experience that space hotels will offer?

A. The gravitational pull. B. The special views.
C. The relaxation in a bar. D. The space walk.

10. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?

A. When was the space traveling made possible?
B. What are the unique experiences that space hotels will offer?
C. Why were there not many published designs for space hotels?
D. How can the travelers enjoy themselves in space hotels?

11. This passage is mainly about ________.

A. traveling in space
B. the ways of living in space hotels
C. zero gravity and space hotels
D. the description of space hotels

                             D

    What is your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange or red? If you do, you must be an optimist (乐观主义者), a leader, or an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer gray and blue? Then you are probably quiet, shy and you would rather follow than lead. If you love green, you are strong-minded and determined. You wish to succeed and want other people to see you are successful. At least this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of color preference, and the effect that colors have on human beings. They tell us that we donˈt choose our favorite color as we grow up. If you happen to love brown, you did so as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.

    A yellow room makes us feel more cheerful and more comfortable than a dark green one, and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing. Light and bright colors make people not only happier but also more active. It is a fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or dark gray.

    Remember, then, that if you feel low, you can always brighten your day or your life with a new shirt or a few colorful things. Remember also that you will know your friends and your enemies better when you find out what colors they like and dislike. And donˈt forget that anyone can guess your character when you choose a piece of handkerchief or a lampshade.

12. The author believes in the passage that ________.

A. anyone can choose his color preference in his life
B. no one can choose his color preference in his life
C. anyone is born with his color preference
D. no one is born with his color preference

13. According to the passage, ________.

A. if you enjoy life, you must like yellow, orange and red
B. when you are quiet, you must prefer gray and blue
C. if you love green, you usually do what you have decided
D. if you love pink, you often go to flower shops

14. Psychologists study the meaning of color preference because ________.

A. colors may affect the emotional states of the people
B. colors may decide the results of our work and study
C. color preference can tell you who your friends are
D. color preference can help you to see through your enemies

15. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. It is no proper to wear a red dress in summer.
B. We feel happier and more active if we see light and bright colors.
C. All the machines in a factory are painted orange.
D. No machines in a factory are painted black.

第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Building the thinking habit is important because it helps you live with a purpose. How can we build the thinking habit? Here are some tips.

 Be curious

    Curiosity is powerful.      (1)     It also helps you recognize the ideas when they come. Curiosity is an important attitude to building the thinking habit.

 Read widely

    If you want to come up with good ideas, you need to feed your mind with good ideas.

         (2)     This will give you fresh, new ideas. Donˈt just read in the fields you are familiar with. Read in other fields as well.

 Read actively

     Not only should you read widely, but you should also read actively. Find some ideas and think about how you can use them. My favorite way to do this is highlight the book I read. I will then put the actionable ideas in my idea journal.      (3)     

 Keep an idea journal

    When you find a good idea, donˈt just keep it in your mind. Instead, write it down to catch the idea.      (4)     Keeping an idea journal makes you more alert to new ideas. You will quickly recognize them because you already have the habit of catching ideas.

      (5)     

    Of course, it doesnˈt do you much good if you just write down ideas. Take time to read these ideas every now and then. In my case, I mark the ideas that I consider important and review them regularly. This often opens the way to new ideas.

A．Design your own ideas

B．Go over your ideas

C．In this way, others also benefit from your ideas.

D．One way to do that is to read.

E．Otherwise, the idea might be gone forever.

F．It makes you like finding new ideas.

G．This helps me get the most out of the book.

第二部分  语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I was seated beside a rather      (21)     man in a long coat and a hat. He had his face covered by a newspaper. A young shy passenger      (22)      him and asked for an autograph (亲笔签名). He provided it      (23)     and then continued getting his face beneath the newspaper. This lasted for minutes and then he put the      (24)     down. I turned to look and      (25)     that the gentleman was Donald Sutherland, a famous Canadian      (26)     .

    Seeing him, I decided to make a      (27)     about him. Then I said, "     (28)     youˈre trying to be unknown, you should have done a rather poor job." No answer, I had to      (29)     to look out of the window, thinking, "Well, this is going to be a long and boring flight." When I heard him clear his throat, I turned back and saw his eyes fixed on mine.

    "Were you      (30)     that I was a bad actor?" he said with a smile. "No...no..." I stammered (结结巴巴地说). "Iˈm going to      (31)     the great doctor Norman Bethune in Montreal this time. Well, just now I was      (32)     how to act the role out and trying to practice his words." Then he laughed.

    In fact, Sutherland is a very      (33)     and talkative man. Although we didnˈt      (34)     . life-long friends, we did have a fairly pleasant three-hour      (35)     on the plane.

21. A. reliable B. responsible C. fashionable D. knowledgeable
22. A. sent for B. searched for C. got close to D. kept up with
23. A. quickly B. finally C. seriously D. nervously
24. A. hat B. coat C. glasses D. newspaper
25. A. admitted B. guessed C. realized D. announced
26. A. poet B. actor C. painter D. director
27. A. joke B. plan C. wish D. decision
28. A. If B. Once C. After D. Although
29. A. give in B. calm down C. turn around D. look around
30. A. predicting B. suggesting C. imagining D. explaining
31. A. visit B. play C. thank D. record
32. A. showing B. discussing C. teaching D. considering
33. A. friendly B. outstanding C. considerate D. independent
34. A. meet B. mention C. welcome D. become
35. A. game B. rest C. chat D. interview

第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China successfully landed the Chang'e-4 lunar probe (月球探测器) on the far side of the moon on January 3, 2019, becoming the only country in history      (36)      (touch) the lunar surface unseen by those on Earth. The far side of the moon has been seen and mapped      (37)     (previous) by astronauts of the Apollo Missions. But it is the first time that the moon's far side      (38)     (set) foot on by any spacecraft, and the successful landing of Chang'e-4 is seen as a major milestone in space      (39)     (explore).

The Chang'e-4 spacecraft consists      (40)     two parts: a lander and a rover (巡视器). Representing China's      (41)     (new) step in the lunar probe project of all time, it landed at 10:26 am Beijing time. Then it sent back a photo of the landing place.

     (42)     (shoot) through cameras on the probe's lander, the photo marks the world's first image taken on the surface of the far side of the moon. One of the photos published by the China National Space Administration shows the place      (43)     Chang'e-4's rover—named Yutu—will be heading hours later for      (44)     purpose of conducting further research. The name Chang'e has its roots in the Chinese goddess of the moon. In the ancient tale, Chang'e      (45)     (fly) to the heavens and landed on the moon as her final resting place.

第三部分  写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节 （满分15分）

假设你是晨光中学的学生李华，5月15日布鲁斯先生将应邀参加你们学校举行的主题为Astronomy: the science of the stars的英语讲座。请你给他写一封信，主要内容包括：

(1)很高兴他接受邀请；(2)确定讲座时间；(3)询问需求。

注意：(1)词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，但不计人总词数）；

(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Mr. Bruce,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

第二节 （满分25分）

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个150词左右完整的故事。

That night, I quarreled with my mother， then stormed out of the house. While on the road, I remembered that I did not have any money in my pocket, I did not even take my cell phone with me to make a call home.At the same time, I went through a noodle shop, and I suddenly felt very hungry. I wished for a bowl of noodles, but I had no money!

The seller saw me standing before the counter and asked, "Hey little girl, you want to eat a bowl？"

"But…but I do not carry money…" I shyly replied.

"Okay, I'll treat you." the seller said, "Come in! I will cook you a bowl."

A few minutes later the owner brought me a steaming bowl of noodles. After eating some noodles,I cried.

"What is it？" He asked.

"Nothing, I am just touched by your kindness!" I said as I wiped my tears. "Even a stranger on the street gives me a bowl of noodles, and my mother, after a quarrel， chased me out of the house. She is cruel（残忍的）！"

The seller sighed, "Girl, why did you think so？ Think again. I only gave you a bowl of noodles and you felt that way. Your mother has been taking care of you since you were born, why were you not grateful and why did you hurt your mom？"

I was really shocked after hearing that.

Why didn't I think of that？A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel grateful, and my mother has raised me since I was little and I have never felt so, not even a little.

Paragraph 1：
Just at that moment, many memories came back into my mind._________________________

 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2：
When arriving home, I saw my mother sitting at the dinner table, worried and tired. _______

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________