高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration当堂达标检测题
展开Unit 4 Space Exploration测试卷
（A卷基础卷）原卷版
【新人教版】
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972. Now, after more than four decades of inactivity, interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again. But who will get there first?
CHINA
On 14 December 2013, China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探测车)on the Moon. It is now working on its next exploration mission. Named Chang’e 4, the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018. If successful, it will be the first landing on the Moon’s far side.
RUSSIA
Russia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030. It is currently working on a project whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon, exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站).
INDIA
Following the success of its Chandrayaan-1 in 2008, India announced a follow-on mission. Chandrayaan-2 was meant to cooperate with Russia. But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013, India decided to go it alone. Chandrayaan-2 is about to be sent up in 2018.
U. S. A.
In December 2018, NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1, an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft will circle around the Moon before returning to Earth. All being well, a crewed capsule will follow in 2023. Should the mission prove a success, the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.
1. What will China do in its next space mission?
A. Improve its Jade Rabbit rover.
B. Work with other countries.
C. Land Chang’e 4 on the Moon.
D. Explore the south pole of the Moon.
2. Why did India try to carry out its follow-on mission alone?
A. It couldn’t find a partner.
B. It didn’t get the lander as planned.
C. The Russians refused to work with India.
D. It planned to launch Chandrayaan-2 in advance.
3. Which country is interested in resources on the Moon?
A. Russia. B. China. C. India. D. U. S. A.
B
Since several organizations plan to put the first man on Mars by 2030, new trips to the moon will take place around 2020-2025. If you go to the moon, you need a place to stay in. What will it be like? Maybe the following article can give us some inspiration.
August 23, 2025-Today a new chapter in space travel is written. Rod Markham and his wife-to-be Susan Milliliter arrived safely at the moon to spend 5 nights as the first guests at the Starbright Hotel that was set up for this purpose two years ago.
Not only are they the first hotel guests on the moon, but they also set a new record for expensive accommodation since the price was $3.7 million per night, per person. However, the move from the earth to the hotel was included in the price.
The hotel itself will probably have a hard time just to try to gain one star in any hotel rating system, since there is no room service. The guests have to do the cleaning of the room themselves and there is no bathroom in it. However, they have more stars than they need just outside their
Rod and Susan will get married by linking their local minister in San Diego, California at 9:00 pm EST tonight, and the wedding will be broadcast live by several major TV networks in a 1-hour special report, including the preparations for the trip.
Six astronauts are along with them and during the stay theyˈll set up further accommodations for the guests who have made reservations at the Star-bright Hotel next year. The hotel has no employees, only some workers when guests stay at it.
- What does the new chapter in space travel refer to according to Paragraph 2?
A. Human landed on Mars for the first time.
B. The first hotel on the moon was set up.
C. The first hotel guests landed on the moon.
D. The hotel on Mars welcomed its first guests.
5. During the coupleˈs stay at the Star-bright Hotel, they ________.
A. canˈt find much help
B. will get five-star service
C. have to cook food themselves
D. can use the bathroom in their room
6. What can we learn about the wedding of Rod and Susan?
A. It will last for an hour.
B. It can be watched live on the earth.
C. A minister on the moon will host it.
D. Their relatives and friends will be present.
7. What will the six astronauts do during the stay of Rod and Susan?
A. Accept reservations from others.
B. Improve room service for the couple.
C. Look for several employees for the hotel.
D. Prepare accommodations for future guests.
C
At first, the earthˈs surface layer (层) was made up of huge blocks of hard, solid rocks. Then slowly, the rocks broke up into smaller and smaller pieces. Finally stones, pebbles (卵石) and grains of sand were formed. Many sorts of plants and animals lived and died on the surface of the earth. Their remains mixed with stones and pebbles formed soil. The outmost layer of the earth is soil.
There are many ways in which large pieces of rock break into smaller ones. Wind, water, heat and cold help to break up rocks. When winds blow grains of sand against a large rock for a long time, the softer layers of the rock are slowly worn away. That leaves holes and cracks in the rock, which become bigger and finally the rock breaks up into smaller pieces.
The moving water of streams and rivers also helps to break up rocks. As the water moves along, it carries with small pieces of rock. These rub the larger ones. Thus, the larger rocks are worn down to smaller pieces.
The heat of the sun is also helpful to breaking up rocks. When the sun shines, the rocks become very hot. If these rocks are suddenly cooled, they may crack. Ice also plays a part in making soil. Water in the cracks can turn into ice in cold weather. As this happens, the cracks become bigger and wider, and finally break into smaller pieces.
- According to the passage, soil ________.
A. forms very slowly
B. is a mixture of stones, pebbles and sand
C. makes up the layers of the earth
D. is becoming smaller and smaller
9. How many factors are mentioned in helping break up rocks?
A. Three. B. Four.
C. Five. D. More than five.
10. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. The remains of many plants and animals formed soil.
B. If a large rock never moves, it will never break up.
C. The changes in temperature will help to break up rocks.
D. Ice in the cracks helps to break up rocks.
11. The best title for this passage should be ________.
A. Soil from Rocks
B. Ways to Break up Rocks
C. Soil on the Earth
D. Soil, Outmost Layer of the Earth
D
I have recently moved to Hamburg in Germany and have always heard that Germans just wear jeans or some strange clothes. Since I moved here, I have found this actually is completely false and I think I would prefer it if they did just wear jeans, so I could do the same!
Hamburg is a very big shopping city. Apart from H&M, New Yorker and Mango, I have found a New Look and a new Topshop have recently just opened. These shops are quite popular in the UK and sell clothes which are always considered as very "fashionable".
Another thing I am really struggling with is that I am trying to find the right clothes for the weather. I have found in Hamburg one minute it is nice and sunny, but the next minute it is throwing it down with rain! One day it might start off really rainy and cold, but by lunch time it is sunny and really hot, so wearing a coat is not practical.
In general, however, I think it has also got cold here very quickly and it already feels like the winter that I am used to. I frequently go out in my winter coat, hat, gloves and scarf while many other people are still only wearing jeans or leather jackets. I don't understand how they do it as I am always freezing. Is it better to blend in with (与……协调) fashion or be warm? I think I would rather be warm and maybe look like a bit of a banana in a huge coat rather than be shivering all day.
What do you think? Clearly I am missing something here as I seem to be the only one to struggle with these fashion decisions.
- When the writer is in Hamburg, she finds Germans ________.
A. care more about what to wear
B. don't always wear jeans
C. like wearing fashionable clothes
D. like wearing jeans
13. Shopping in Hamburg is very ________.
A. difficult B. funny C. exciting D. convenient
14. We know the weather in Hamburg is ________.
A. changeable B. comfortable C. rainy D. lovely
15. What does the underlined word "shivering" probably mean?
A. Wandering. B. Searching. C. Shaking. D. Watching.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Life on Mars: Is it really possible?
Now that Curiosity is beaming back Earth-like pictures of Martian landscape, the old question raises its head: Could man and woman ever go there? The answer is very definitely yes. There are a number of practical challenges to overcome first, however. There are differences between Earth and Mars, but also a number of similarities. (16)
Phobos and Deimos
Unlike Earth, Mars does not have a polar magnetic field. Scientists believe that the two Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, are little planets. (17)
(18)
For the annual IGEM or International Genetically Engineered Machines competition, students around the world attempt to make living cells perform new tasks. In preparation for the human colonization of Mars, seeds and organic matter would have to be transported from Earth to begin growing plants and establishing a food supply.
Super-sized Bees
Plants need pollinators as well as water, and the best pollinator on Earth is the humble bee-and entire hives would be transported to Mars. (19) However, without natural predators, they could grow very large, indeed.
Overcoming Challenges-Opening Possibilities
There will be other challenges to overcome, for example, the effect on the human body of living in a field with low gravity. (20) Right now, we ought to welcome the challenges. The more challenges we overcome now, the more prepared we will be for moving out of our solar system and into the grand, universal adventure that is ahead of us.
A．IGEM
B．The next question is: Could man colonize Mars?
C．Once there, the insects would be let loose among the plants.
D．However, all kinds of other interesting things will be happening.
E．But these are already issues for astronauts living on the International Space Station.
F．They do not have the stabilizing effect on the spin of the planet like the moon has upon Earth.
G．Mars has Earth-like seasons and the planet surface is abundant in minerals essential for plant growth.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
All passengers boarded (登机), and the flight would be on time. However, I noticed an adult passenger sitting at the gate (登机口) crying. I asked the gate staff what was up and they told me the passenger was not (21) to board due to a problem of his ticket. His last name in the ticket was (22) wrongly by a letter but he had (23) it before.
The man told me that his father was just in the (24) and he needed to take this flight to hopefully see him before he (25) . Unfortunately, there was nothing the gate staff could do about it. They toht him to buy a new ticket. (26) , the flight was to leave ten minutes later and it was impossible for him to do so. He told me he wou|d be really (27) if he wouldnˈt be able to say his final goodbye to his dad. Seeing a grown man crying sadly, I was sure that he was telling the (28) .
I considered for a while and then thought of (29) I could do to help him. As a member of the staff, I have a (30) -I can issue (发) tickets through an online system to my family or (31) . Then, I provided a staff ticket for this passenger. I passed the ticket to him (32) his knowing what Iˈd done. I just hoped that he wouldnˈt (33) any of his fatherˈs last words. Later, the gate staff told me they would help me keep the (34) as we can only use the staff tickets for people we know.
I was so proud that day (35) I did something meaningful for a person in need.
- A. forced B. allowed C. advised D. persuaded
- A. read B. spelled C. understood D. remembered
- A. found B. recorded C. imagined D. ignored
- A. airport B. office C. school D. hospital
- A. gave up B. came back C. passed away D. settled down
- A. Instead B. However C. Otherwise D. Therefore
- A. regretful B. confused C. anxious D. hopeless
- A. lie B. truth C. joke D. story
- A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
- A. goal B. duty C. task D. right
- A. pets B. friends C. customers D. passengers
- A. for B. after C. since D. without
- A. miss B. repeat C. forget D. mind
- A. secret B. rule C. promise D. appointment
- A. because B. before C. until D. unless
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Life on Mars
Some people believe humans could live on the planet Mars by the year 2100. Our own planet, the Earth, is becoming more and more crowded and polluted because of the rapid increase in population. (36) (hopeful), people could start all over again and build (37) better world on Mars. Here is what life there could be like. At present, our spacecraft are very slow -- it would take (38) (month). With the development of technology, the journey might only take about 20 minutes by 2100 in spacecraft (39) travel at the speed of light! (40) , the spacecraft would travel so fast that the journey might be quite (41) (comfort). Many people would feel ill. Humans cannot survive (42) water, oxygen or food. Nobody knows (43) there would be enough water or oxygen on Mars for people there. Gravity could be another problem. The gravity on Mars (44) (be) only about three-eighths of that on the Earth. People would have to wear boots that are specially designed to prevent (45) from floating off into space. Life on Mars would be interesting as well as challenging.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
请根据下列内容，用英文介绍霍金(Stephen Hawking)。
(1)世界最著名的物理学家和宇宙学家之一；
(2)21岁患一种奇怪的病，但他没有失去信心，坚强地活了下来；
(3)他提出了黑洞和灰洞理论，并写了《时间简史》一书，此书被翻译成40种文字；
(4)2018年3月，霍金去世，享年76岁，世人因他在科学方面的成就而尊敬和纪念他。
注意：(1)词数：80左右；
(2)参考词汇：cosmologist宇宙学家；A Brief History of Time《时间简史》
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第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “Weˈve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think theyˈre building their childrenˈs confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way thatˈs insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parentsˈ praise has put them. Still, donˈt go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging gas giving too much. Kids will feel like theyˈre not good enough or that you donˈt care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments. So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our childrenˈs efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that itˈs the process not the end product that matters.”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if heˈs out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
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