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2021学年Unit 4 Space Exploration课时作业
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这是一份2021学年Unit 4 Space Exploration课时作业，共19页。
Unit 4 Space Exploration测试卷
（B卷提升卷）解析版
【新人教版】
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
What would it be like to live on Mars? Volunteers are spending eight months in an area that looks much like the surface of Mars. They are isolated high on top of Mauna Loa, a volcanic mountain on the Big Island of Hawaii, living on a simulated, or make-believe, Mars Base.
The project called HI-SEAS is in the charge of Kim Binsted. She says this wild environment is as close to Mars as you can find on Earth. Because it is so high, the land is not warm or rich with plants, like the rest of Hawaii.
"You will see there is really no visible plant life or animal life. And you have got this wonderful volcanic material."
Mauna Loa, 2, 500 metres above sea level, is geologically very similar to Olympus Mons on Mars and almost as tall as that Martian mountain. When measured from its base, deep in the ocean, Mauna Loa is the second largest mountain in our solar system, after the one on Mars.
The six-member HI-SEAS crew is mostly self-suffi-cient. Food and other supplies are brought to them. But the individuals bringing those supplies cannot communicate with volunteers inside the habitat, or base.
Kim Binsted says this experiment looks at how the astronauts interact, or get along with each other. "We study how well they work together, how we can keep them happy and supported, and not wanting to kill each other over these long durations."
Crew members communicate with the outside world through e-mail and blogs. They also produce videos on the YouTube website.
"I am really enjoying this opportunity to live in this dome and pretend that I'm on Mars and get to learn all sorts of new skills," one of them said.
"Whoever gets there first, the trip will not be easy," says Kim Binsted. "It is going to be challenging."
1. What do we know about Olympus Mons?
A. It is 2, 500 meters above sea level.
B. It is geologically similar to Mauna Loa.
C. It is the second largest mountain on the earth.
D. It is a mountain on the Big Island of Hawaii.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文中第四段语句Mauna Loa, 2, 500 metres above sea level, is geologically very similar to Olympus Mons on Mars and almost as tall as that Martian mountain. 很容易找到答案，故选B项。
2. What is the purpose of the experiment?
A. To set up a space station.
B. To explore a new settlement for humans.
C. To study how the astronauts treat each other.
D. To prove human can live in whatever conditions.
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。文章倒数第四段语句Kim Binsted says this experiment looks at how the astronauts interact, or get along with each other. "可以获悉实验的目的，故选C项。
3. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Volunteers First Explore Mars
B. Volunteers Experience Life in Hawaii
C. Volunteers Get A Taste of Mars in Hawaii
D. Volunteers Study the Environment on Mars
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查文章标题。通读全文，文章围绕志愿者在夏威夷体验火星的相关试验和活动展开，故选C项。
B
Space travel is definitely bad for astronauts' bones, reducing their bone density (密度) after only a month of weightlessness, according to French research published on Friday.
Laurence Vico and his fellow workers at St Etienne University called for more research into the effects of microgravity, after their study of 15 astronauts from the Russian MIR station showed bone loss continued throughout space flights.
"Bone loss was especially striking in four astronauts," the scientists reported in the Lancet Medical Journal.
They measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of the bones in the forearm (前臂) and lower leg of the astronauts who had spent one to six months in space.
The BMD loss was significant in the tibia (胫骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone, but barely changed in the radius (桡骨) of the forearm. "Our results indicate the need to investigate not only different bones, but also different areas of the same bone since not all sites of the skeleton (骨架) are similarly affected by space conditions," they added.
Without gravity the body isn't bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium (钙) which makes bones strong, and it begins to empty into the bloodstream.
The research team suggested in future scientists should try to determine if the loss of bone density was only on weight-bearing bones on longer flights.
4. French scientists did their research on Russian astronauts, because ________.
A. they only cared for the Russian astronauts
B. they were not interested in their own astronauts
C. the Russian government invited them to do their research
D. the Russian astronauts worked in space for a long time
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的定语从句“who had spent one to six months in space”可推知法国科学家对俄罗斯宇航员进行了研究，因为俄罗斯宇航员在太空工作了很长一段时间，故选D项。
5. Scientists have found that ________.
A. the BMD loss may cause serious illness for astronauts
B. the BMD loss may cause some change in astronauts' bodies
C. astronauts shouldn't care about the BMD loss
D. astronauts should take some calcium before space travel
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句The BMD loss was significant in the tibia (胫骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone可知科学家发现，骨密度的下降可能会导致宇航员身体的一些变化，故选B项。
6. What caused the BMD loss for astronauts, according to this passage?
A. The food they ate in space.
B. The drinks they took in space.
C. The temperature in space.
D. Gravity in space.
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文章第六段Without gravity the body isn't bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium (钙) which makes bones strong, and it begins to empty into the bloodstream可知根据这篇文章，太空中的重力导致宇航员的骨密度下降，故选D项。
7. In the third paragraph, the word "striking" means ________.
A. unusual B. simple C. weak D. slow
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查词句猜测题。上文提到对十五人进行研究表明，在整个航行过程中骨质损失持续存在，下文再说“especially striking”，由此可知，striking是“特别明显”的意思，故选A项。
C
Most people, when they travel to space, would like to stay in orbit for a few days or more. And this stands to reason, if you're paying $20,000 for your trip to orbit! So in order for tourism to reach its full potential there's going to be a need for orbital accommodation—or space hotels. What would a space hotel actually be like to visit? Hotels in orbit will offer the services you expect from a hotel—private rooms, meals, bars. But they'll also offer two unique experiences: impressive views—of Earth and space—and the endless entertainment of living in zero gravity—including sports and other activities that make use of this.
The hotels themselves will vary greatly—from being quite simple in the early days to huge luxury structures at a later date. It's actually surprising that as late as 1997, very few designs for space hotels were published. This is mainly because those who might be expected to design them haven't expected launch costs to come down far enough to make them possible.
Lots of people who've been to space have described vividly what it's like to live in zero gravity. There are obviously all sorts of possibilities for dancing, gymnastics, and zero-G sports. Luckily, you don't need to sleep much living in zero gravity, so you'll have plenty of time for relaxing by hanging out in a bar with a window looking down at the turning Earth below.
Of course all good things have come to an end, unfortunately. And so after a few days you'll find yourself heading back though you'll be much more expert at exercising in zero gravity than you were when you arrived. You'll be thinking how soon you can save up enough to get back up again—or maybe you should change jobs to get to work in an orbiting hotel.
8. When traveling in space, most people would like to stay in orbit for a few days because ____.
A. it is expensive to travel in space
B. they would find the possible life in other star systems
C. they could enjoy the luxury of space hotels
D. they want to realize the full potential of tourism
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第一段Most people, when they travel to space, would like to stay in orbit for a few days or more. And this stands to reason, if you're paying $20,000 for your trip to orbit!可知，太空旅行非常昂贵，因此人们想要在轨道上停留几天，让自己的花费物有所值，故选A项。
9. Which of the following is a unique experience that space hotels will offer?
A. The gravitational pull. B. The special views.
C. The relaxation in a bar. D. The space walk.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第一段Hotels in orbit... But they'll also offer two unique experiences: impressive views—of Earth and space...可知，独特的地球与太空景观是太空酒店提供的独特体验，故选B项。
10. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?
A. When was the space traveling made possible?
B. What are the unique experiences that space hotels will offer?
C. Why were there not many published designs for space hotels?
D. How can the travelers enjoy themselves in space hotels?
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第一段But they'll also offer two unique experiences可知，文章提到了B项内容；根据第二段very few designs for space hotels were published. This is mainly because...可知，文章提到了C项内容；文章第三段内容介绍了旅客们如何在太空旅馆里玩得开心，因此D项也提到了。A项内容文章未提及，故选A项。
11. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. traveling in space
B. the ways of living in space hotels
C. zero gravity and space hotels
D. the description of space hotels
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了太空旅馆的情况。故D项“the description of space hotels”符合文章大意。故选D项。
D
What is your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange or red? If you do, you must be an optimist (乐观主义者), a leader, or an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer gray and blue? Then you are probably quiet, shy and you would rather follow than lead. If you love green, you are strong-minded and determined. You wish to succeed and want other people to see you are successful. At least this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of color preference, and the effect that colors have on human beings. They tell us that we donˈt choose our favorite color as we grow up. If you happen to love brown, you did so as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
A yellow room makes us feel more cheerful and more comfortable than a dark green one, and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing. Light and bright colors make people not only happier but also more active. It is a fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or dark gray.
Remember, then, that if you feel low, you can always brighten your day or your life with a new shirt or a few colorful things. Remember also that you will know your friends and your enemies better when you find out what colors they like and dislike. And donˈt forget that anyone can guess your character when you choose a piece of handkerchief or a lampshade.
12. The author believes in the passage that ________.
A. anyone can choose his color preference in his life
B. no one can choose his color preference in his life
C. anyone is born with his color preference
D. no one is born with his color preference
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文章第一段中They tell us that we donˈt choose our favorite color as we grow up. If you happen to love brown, you did so as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.y.可知，人对颜色的喜爱从出生就确定了。故选C项。
13. According to the passage, ________.
A. if you enjoy life, you must like yellow, orange and red
B. when you are quiet, you must prefer gray and blue
C. if you love green, you usually do what you have decided
D. if you love pink, you often go to flower shops
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查判断推理题。由第一段中的If you love green...determined．可知，喜欢绿色的人通常果断、有主见，与C项表述相符，故选C项。
14. Psychologists study the meaning of color preference because ________.
A. colors may affect the emotional states of the people
B. colors may decide the results of our work and study
C. color preference can tell you who your friends are
D. color preference can help you to see through your enemies
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查判断推理题。根据第一段At least this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of color preference, and the effect that colors have on human beings.可知，科学家不仅发现颜色喜好和人的性格有关，还发现颜色对人的情绪也有影响。故选A项。
15. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. It is no proper to wear a red dress in summer.
B. We feel happier and more active if we see light and bright colors.
C. All the machines in a factory are painted orange.
D. No machines in a factory are painted black.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。由第二段中的ight and bright colors make people not only happier but also more active. 可知，浅且明亮的颜色不仅能使人们更快乐，还能使人们更活跃。故选B项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Building the thinking habit is important because it helps you live with a purpose. How can we build the thinking habit? Here are some tips.
Be curious
Curiosity is powerful. (1) It also helps you recognize the ideas when they come. Curiosity is an important attitude to building the thinking habit.
Read widely
If you want to come up with good ideas, you need to feed your mind with good ideas.
(2) This will give you fresh, new ideas. Donˈt just read in the fields you are familiar with. Read in other fields as well.
Read actively
Not only should you read widely, but you should also read actively. Find some ideas and think about how you can use them. My favorite way to do this is highlight the book I read. I will then put the actionable ideas in my idea journal. (3)
Keep an idea journal
When you find a good idea, donˈt just keep it in your mind. Instead, write it down to catch the idea. (4) Keeping an idea journal makes you more alert to new ideas. You will quickly recognize them because you already have the habit of catching ideas.
(5)
Of course, it doesnˈt do you much good if you just write down ideas. Take time to read these ideas every now and then. In my case, I mark the ideas that I consider important and review them regularly. This often opens the way to new ideas.
A．Design your own ideas
B．Go over your ideas
C．In this way, others also benefit from your ideas.
D．One way to do that is to read.
E．Otherwise, the idea might be gone forever.
F．It makes you like finding new ideas.
G．This helps me get the most out of the book.
16.【答案】F
【解析】根据上文“Curiosity is powerful.”和下文“It also helps you recognize the ideas when they come.”可知，这里在讲保持好奇心的好处，F项“它能使你喜欢寻找新的想法”符合语境，故选F项。
17.【答案】D
【解析】根据小标题“Read widely”和后文“Donˈt just read in the fields you are familiar with. Read in other fields as well.”可知，这里讲的是如何提出好主意，D项“那样做的一个方法是阅读”符合语境，故选D项。
18.【答案】G
【解析】本段讲的内容与积极地阅读有关，且提到“highlight the book”。再通过语境可知，G项“这帮助我从这本书中得到最大的收获”符合语境。故选G项。
19.【答案】E
【解析】根据小标题“Keep an idea journal”及空前的“when you find a good idea, donˈt just keep it in your mind. Instead, write it down to catch the idea.”可知，idea是本段的中心词，E项“否则这个主意就可能永远地消失了”符合语境，故选E项。
20.【答案】B
【解析】本段讲的是记下这些想法之后要经常回顾，所以B项“回顾你的想法”符合语境，故选B项。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was seated beside a rather (21) man in a long coat and a hat. He had his face covered by a newspaper. A young shy passenger (22) him and asked for an autograph (亲笔签名). He provided it (23) and then continued getting his face beneath the newspaper. This lasted for minutes and then he put the (24) down. I turned to look and (25) that the gentleman was Donald Sutherland, a famous Canadian (26) .
Seeing him, I decided to make a (27) about him. Then I said, " (28) youˈre trying to be unknown, you should have done a rather poor job." No answer, I had to (29) to look out of the window, thinking, "Well, this is going to be a long and boring flight." When I heard him clear his throat, I turned back and saw his eyes fixed on mine.
"Were you (30) that I was a bad actor?" he said with a smile. "No...no..." I stammered (结结巴巴地说). "Iˈm going to (31) the great doctor Norman Bethune in Montreal this time. Well, just now I was (32) how to act the role out and trying to practice his words." Then he laughed.
In fact, Sutherland is a very (33) and talkative man. Although we didnˈt (34) . life-long friends, we did have a fairly pleasant three-hour (35) on the plane.
21. A. reliable B. responsible C. fashionable D. knowledgeable
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：我坐在一个相当时髦的男人旁边，他穿着长外套，戴着帽子。A.reliable可信赖的；B.responsible负责的；有责任的；C.fashionable时尚的；D.knowledgeable知识渊博的，有知识的，根据“in a long coat and a hat”以及后文提到他是演员的语境可知，这个人应该很时尚(fashionable)，故选C项。
22. A. sent for B. searched for C. got close to D. kept up with
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：一位年轻害羞的乘客走近他，向他要签名。A.sent for派人去叫； B.searched for寻找；搜索；C.got close to走近；接近；D.kept up with赶得上；和…保持联系，根据“asked for an autograph”可知，一位害羞的年轻乘客走近(got close to)他，找他签名，故选C项。
23. A. quickly B. finally C. seriously D. nervously
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查副词辨析。句意：他迅速地提供了信息，然后继续把脸埋在报纸下面。A.quickly讯速地；B.finally最后；C.seriously认真地；严重地；D.nervously紧张地，根据“continued getting his face beneath the newspaper”及后文内容可知，他要忙自己的事，所以很快地(quickly)签了名，故选A项。
24. A. hat B. coat C. glasses D. newspaper
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：这样持续了几分钟，然后他放下了报纸。A.hat帽子；B.coat大衣；外套； C.glasses眼镜；D.newspaper报纸，根据语境可知，他之前拿着报纸，现在应该是把报纸(newspaper)放下了，故选D项。
25. A. admitted B. guessed C. realized D. announced
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：我回头一看，原来那位先生是加拿大著名演员唐纳德·萨瑟兰。A.admitted承认；B.guessed猜想；C.realized意识到；D.announced宣布，根据“the gentleman was Donald Sutherland”可知，作者朝那人一看，意识到(realized)他就是唐纳德·萨瑟兰，故选C项。
26. A. poet B. actor C. painter D. director
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意同上，A.poet诗人；B.actor演员；C.painter画家；D.director导演；人事助理，根据后文的“...I am a bad actor?”及后文他说自己要扮演白求恩可知，他是一个著名的演员(actor)，故选B项。
27. A. joke B. plan C. wish D. decision
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：看到他，我决定开他的玩笑。A.joke玩笑；B.plan计划；C.wish希望；D.decision决定，根据后文作者所说的话可知，作者是想跟他开个玩笑(joke)， make a joke是固定搭配，意思是“开玩笑”，故选A项。
28. A. If B. Once C. After D. Although
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查连词辨析。句意：然后我说:“如果你想让自己默默无闻，那你应该做得相当糟糕” A.If如果；B.Once一旦，曾经；C.After 在......之后；D.Although尽管，此处的话并不是真的，表示“如果......”，用if引导条件状语从句，故选A项。
29. A. give in B. calm down C. turn around D. look around
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：没有回答，我只好转身望着窗外，思索着。A.give in屈服；B.calm down冷静下来；C.turn around转身；D.look around环顾四周，根据前文的“No answer”及后文的“to look out of the window”可知，没有回话，作者只好转过身去(turn around)看着窗外，故选C项。
30. A. predicting B. suggesting C. imagining D. explaining
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：你是在暗示我是一个差劲的演员吗？A.predicting预测；B.suggesting建议；暗示；C.imagining想象；D.explaining解释，根据语境可知，此处指“你是在暗示(suggesting)我是一个差劲的演员吗？”，suggest作“暗示”讲时，后面跟自然语态，由I was...，可知，suggest是表示“暗示”，故选B项。
31. A. visit B. play C. thank D. record
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：这次我要在蒙特利尔扮演伟大的白求恩医生。A.visit拜访；B.play扮演；玩；C.thank感谢；D.record记录，根据后文的“how to act the role out and trying to practice his words”可知，此处指扮演(play)白求恩这个角色，故选B项。
32. A. showing B. discussing C. teaching D. considering
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：刚才我正在考虑如何扮演这个角色，并努力练习他的话。A.showing显示；展示；B.discussing讨论；C.teaching教；D.considering考虑，根据语境可知，此处指考虑(considering)如何演好这个角色，故选D项。
33. A. friendly B. outstanding C. considerate D. independent
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：事实上，萨瑟兰是一个非常友好健谈的人。A.friendly友好的；B.outstanding杰出的；显著；C.considerate考虑周到的；D.independent独立的，根据前文内容可知，一开始作者尝试与那位演员交流却碰了壁，作者应该会觉得那位演员不好相处，但现在作者发现他其实很友好(friendly)，故选A项。
34. A. meet B. mention C. welcome D. become
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：尽管我们没有成为终身的朋友，但我们在飞机上确实聊了三个小时，聊得相当愉快。A.meet相遇；B.mention提到，谈到； C.welcome欢迎；D.become成为；变成，根据 Sutherland is a very (33) and talkative man可知，尽管作者与那位演员没有成为(become)长期的朋友，但他们的确有三个小时的愉快的交谈，故选D项。
35. A. game B. rest C. chat D. interview
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意同上，A.game游戏；B.rest休息；C.chat交谈；聊天；D.interview采访；面试，根据语境可知，尽管作者与那位演员没有成为长期的朋友，但他们的确有三个小时的愉快的交谈(chat)，故选C项。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China successfully landed the Chang'e-4 lunar probe (月球探测器) on the far side of the moon on January 3, 2019, becoming the only country in history (36) (touch) the lunar surface unseen by those on Earth. The far side of the moon has been seen and mapped (37) (previous) by astronauts of the Apollo Missions. But it is the first time that the moon's far side (38) (set) foot on by any spacecraft, and the successful landing of Chang'e-4 is seen as a major milestone in space (39) (explore).
The Chang'e-4 spacecraft consists (40) two parts: a lander and a rover (巡视器). Representing China's (41) (new) step in the lunar probe project of all time, it landed at 10:26 am Beijing time. Then it sent back a photo of the landing place.
(42) (shoot) through cameras on the probe's lander, the photo marks the world's first image taken on the surface of the far side of the moon. One of the photos published by the China National Space Administration shows the place (43) Chang'e-4's rover—named Yutu—will be heading hours later for (44) purpose of conducting further research. The name Chang'e has its roots in the Chinese goddess of the moon. In the ancient tale, Chang'e (45) (fly) to the heavens and landed on the moon as her final resting place.
36.【答案】to touch
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：2019年1月3日，中国成功地将“嫦娥四号”月球探测器在月球背面着陆，成为历史上唯一一个登陆月球背面的国家。被序数词the only以及形容词最高级等修饰的名词，后面常常用不定式作后置定语。故填to touch.
37.【答案】previously
【解析】本题考查副词。句意：月球的远端曾经被阿波罗任务的宇航员看到并绘制过地图。空格处作状语修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式。故填previously.
38.【答案】has been set
【解析】本题考查动词的时态和语态。It is the first time that...为固定句型，that从句要用现在完成时；再者set foot on和the moon's far side之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且从句主语是第三人称单数，故填has been set.
39.【答案】exploration(s)
【解析】本题考查名词。句意：但这是第一次有航天器登上月球的远端，嫦娥四号的成功着陆被视为太空探索的一个重要里程碑。嫦娥四号的成功着陆被视为太空探索的一个重要里程碑。空格前有介词in，介词后用名词的形式。space修饰后面空格处的名词。exploration作“探索”讲时，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，故填exploration(s).
40.【答案】of
【解析】本题考查介词。句意：嫦娥四号飞船由两部分组成:着陆器和巡视器。consist of固定搭配，表示“由……组成”。故填of.
41.【答案】newest
【解析】本题查形容词的最高级。句意：它于北京时间上午10点26分着陆，标志着中国在探月工程中迈出了有史以来的最新一步。根据语境可知，此处应用形容词new的最高级形式，表示“最新的”，故填newest.
42.【答案】Shot/Having been shot
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处是非谓语动词作状语；因shoot与the photo之间是逻辑上的被动关系，且动作已完成，用过去分词；此外，此处也可用现在分词的完成式强调分词动作先于谓语动作发生。且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Shot/Having been shot。
43.【答案】where
【解析】本题考查定语从句的关系词。句意：中国国家航天局发布的其中一张照片显示，几个小时后，嫦娥四号的“玉兔2号”探测器将前往那里进行进一步的研究。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词the place，空格处在从句中作地点状语，故填where.
44.【答案】the
【解析】本题考查冠词。句意：中国国家航天局发布的其中一张照片显示，几个小时后，嫦娥四号的“玉兔2号”探测器将前往那里进行进一步的研究。for the purpose of固定搭配，表示“目的是；为了”。故填the.
45.【答案】flew
【解析】本题考查动词的时态。句意：在古老的传说中，嫦娥飞上天空，降落在月球上作为她最后的安息之所。根据and后的分句所用的一般过去时可知，此处也用一般过去时描述过去发生的事情。故填flew.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假设你是晨光中学的学生李华，5月15日布鲁斯先生将应邀参加你们学校举行的主题为Astronomy: the science of the stars的英语讲座。请你给他写一封信，主要内容包括：
(1)很高兴他接受邀请；(2)确定讲座时间；(3)询问需求。
注意：(1)词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，但不计人总词数）；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. Bruce,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Mr. Bruce,
Iˈm delighted you have accepted our invitation to give a lecture about Astronomy: the science of the stars at our school on 15th, May.
As we agreed, youˈll be speaking on the topic from 8 am to 11 am. There will be extra minutes for questions.
Would you please tell me what youˈll need then? If you could let me know your specific requirements by 10th, May, Iˈll have plenty of time to make sure that the school hall provides you with what you need.
Thank you again for agreeing to speak. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【思路点拨】
本文是一篇应用文，话题是告知关于讲座事宜。写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗
漏要点，适当添加细节，以充实文章内容。尽量使用高级词汇和高级句型，同时要使用合
的衔接词，让文章看起来有条理。
【亮点词汇】
①make sure that...一定......；确保......
②provide sb. with...为某人提供......
③hear from...收到......来信
【高分句型】
①As we agreed, youˈll be speaking on the topic from 8 am to 11 am.
句意：按照我们所商定的，，你将于上午8时至11时就这一专题发言。
语法点：as引导非限制性定语从句。
②If you could let me know your specific requirements by 10th, May, Iˈll have plenty of time to
make sure that the school hall provides you with what you need.
句意：如果你能在5月10日之前告诉我你的具体要求，我会有足够的时间确保学校大厅为你提供你需要的东西。
语法点：if引导条件状语从句；that引导宾语从句；what引导宾语从句）
【结构布局】
引言：很高兴他接受邀请。
中心：确定讲座时间；询问需求。
结尾：再次感谢，期待回复。
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个150词左右完整的故事。
That night, I quarreled with my mother， then stormed out of the house. While on the road, I remembered that I did not have any money in my pocket, I did not even take my cell phone with me to make a call home.At the same time, I went through a noodle shop, and I suddenly felt very hungry. I wished for a bowl of noodles, but I had no money!
The seller saw me standing before the counter and asked, "Hey little girl, you want to eat a bowl？"
"But…but I do not carry money…" I shyly replied.
"Okay, I'll treat you." the seller said, "Come in! I will cook you a bowl."
A few minutes later the owner brought me a steaming bowl of noodles. After eating some noodles,I cried.
"What is it？" He asked.
"Nothing, I am just touched by your kindness!" I said as I wiped my tears. "Even a stranger on the street gives me a bowl of noodles, and my mother, after a quarrel， chased me out of the house. She is cruel（残忍的）！"
The seller sighed, "Girl, why did you think so？ Think again. I only gave you a bowl of noodles and you felt that way. Your mother has been taking care of you since you were born, why were you not grateful and why did you hurt your mom？"
I was really shocked after hearing that.
Why didn't I think of that？A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel grateful, and my mother has raised me since I was little and I have never felt so, not even a little.
Paragraph 1：
Just at that moment, many memories came back into my mind._________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
When arriving home, I saw my mother sitting at the dinner table, worried and tired. _______
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Paragraph 1:
Just at that moment, many memories came back into my mind. When I was ill, she was always the one taking care of me. When I had trouble with my study, she never lost faith in me and encouraged me to keep going. When I arrived home during the weekend, she always prepared my favorite food, All her kindness came back to me. I should be grateful for all she had done for me, I realized I should go back home immediately and say sorry to my mother.
Paragraph 2：
When arriving home, I saw my mother sitting at the dinner table, worried and tired.She must have been looking for me everywhere. I was ready for her anger and shouts. However, before I could apologize, my mother saw me and gently said, Oh, honey, you're back! Come inside. You are probably very hungry？ I cooked your favorite noodles. Come and eat while they are still hot. No longer able to control myself, 1 cried in her arms shyly． I'm sorry, Mom, please forgive me, " I whispered to her with tears, extremely ashamed of myself.
【解析】
高分句型一：
I should be grateful for all she had done for me, I realized I should go back home immediately and say sorry to my mother.
译文：我应该感激她为我所做的一切，我意识到我应该马上回家向我母亲道歉。
分析：这句话使用she had done for me作为定语从句修饰all.
高分句型二：I whispered to her with tears, extremely ashamed of myself.
译文：我哭着对她低声说，感到非常羞愧。
分析：这句话使用形容词短语作状语。
【故事续写思路点拨】
（1）品读原文．确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索．如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后．最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿．拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
Unit 4 Space Exploration测试卷
（B卷提升卷）解析版
【新人教版】
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
What would it be like to live on Mars? Volunteers are spending eight months in an area that looks much like the surface of Mars. They are isolated high on top of Mauna Loa, a volcanic mountain on the Big Island of Hawaii, living on a simulated, or make-believe, Mars Base.
The project called HI-SEAS is in the charge of Kim Binsted. She says this wild environment is as close to Mars as you can find on Earth. Because it is so high, the land is not warm or rich with plants, like the rest of Hawaii.
"You will see there is really no visible plant life or animal life. And you have got this wonderful volcanic material."
Mauna Loa, 2, 500 metres above sea level, is geologically very similar to Olympus Mons on Mars and almost as tall as that Martian mountain. When measured from its base, deep in the ocean, Mauna Loa is the second largest mountain in our solar system, after the one on Mars.
The six-member HI-SEAS crew is mostly self-suffi-cient. Food and other supplies are brought to them. But the individuals bringing those supplies cannot communicate with volunteers inside the habitat, or base.
Kim Binsted says this experiment looks at how the astronauts interact, or get along with each other. "We study how well they work together, how we can keep them happy and supported, and not wanting to kill each other over these long durations."
Crew members communicate with the outside world through e-mail and blogs. They also produce videos on the YouTube website.
"I am really enjoying this opportunity to live in this dome and pretend that I'm on Mars and get to learn all sorts of new skills," one of them said.
"Whoever gets there first, the trip will not be easy," says Kim Binsted. "It is going to be challenging."
1. What do we know about Olympus Mons?
A. It is 2, 500 meters above sea level.
B. It is geologically similar to Mauna Loa.
C. It is the second largest mountain on the earth.
D. It is a mountain on the Big Island of Hawaii.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文中第四段语句Mauna Loa, 2, 500 metres above sea level, is geologically very similar to Olympus Mons on Mars and almost as tall as that Martian mountain. 很容易找到答案，故选B项。
2. What is the purpose of the experiment?
A. To set up a space station.
B. To explore a new settlement for humans.
C. To study how the astronauts treat each other.
D. To prove human can live in whatever conditions.
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。文章倒数第四段语句Kim Binsted says this experiment looks at how the astronauts interact, or get along with each other. "可以获悉实验的目的，故选C项。
3. What can be the best title for the text?
A. Volunteers First Explore Mars
B. Volunteers Experience Life in Hawaii
C. Volunteers Get A Taste of Mars in Hawaii
D. Volunteers Study the Environment on Mars
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查文章标题。通读全文，文章围绕志愿者在夏威夷体验火星的相关试验和活动展开，故选C项。
B
Space travel is definitely bad for astronauts' bones, reducing their bone density (密度) after only a month of weightlessness, according to French research published on Friday.
Laurence Vico and his fellow workers at St Etienne University called for more research into the effects of microgravity, after their study of 15 astronauts from the Russian MIR station showed bone loss continued throughout space flights.
"Bone loss was especially striking in four astronauts," the scientists reported in the Lancet Medical Journal.
They measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of the bones in the forearm (前臂) and lower leg of the astronauts who had spent one to six months in space.
The BMD loss was significant in the tibia (胫骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone, but barely changed in the radius (桡骨) of the forearm. "Our results indicate the need to investigate not only different bones, but also different areas of the same bone since not all sites of the skeleton (骨架) are similarly affected by space conditions," they added.
Without gravity the body isn't bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium (钙) which makes bones strong, and it begins to empty into the bloodstream.
The research team suggested in future scientists should try to determine if the loss of bone density was only on weight-bearing bones on longer flights.
4. French scientists did their research on Russian astronauts, because ________.
A. they only cared for the Russian astronauts
B. they were not interested in their own astronauts
C. the Russian government invited them to do their research
D. the Russian astronauts worked in space for a long time
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的定语从句“who had spent one to six months in space”可推知法国科学家对俄罗斯宇航员进行了研究，因为俄罗斯宇航员在太空工作了很长一段时间，故选D项。
5. Scientists have found that ________.
A. the BMD loss may cause serious illness for astronauts
B. the BMD loss may cause some change in astronauts' bodies
C. astronauts shouldn't care about the BMD loss
D. astronauts should take some calcium before space travel
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句The BMD loss was significant in the tibia (胫骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone可知科学家发现，骨密度的下降可能会导致宇航员身体的一些变化，故选B项。
6. What caused the BMD loss for astronauts, according to this passage?
A. The food they ate in space.
B. The drinks they took in space.
C. The temperature in space.
D. Gravity in space.
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文章第六段Without gravity the body isn't bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium (钙) which makes bones strong, and it begins to empty into the bloodstream可知根据这篇文章，太空中的重力导致宇航员的骨密度下降，故选D项。
7. In the third paragraph, the word "striking" means ________.
A. unusual B. simple C. weak D. slow
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查词句猜测题。上文提到对十五人进行研究表明，在整个航行过程中骨质损失持续存在，下文再说“especially striking”，由此可知，striking是“特别明显”的意思，故选A项。
C
Most people, when they travel to space, would like to stay in orbit for a few days or more. And this stands to reason, if you're paying $20,000 for your trip to orbit! So in order for tourism to reach its full potential there's going to be a need for orbital accommodation—or space hotels. What would a space hotel actually be like to visit? Hotels in orbit will offer the services you expect from a hotel—private rooms, meals, bars. But they'll also offer two unique experiences: impressive views—of Earth and space—and the endless entertainment of living in zero gravity—including sports and other activities that make use of this.
The hotels themselves will vary greatly—from being quite simple in the early days to huge luxury structures at a later date. It's actually surprising that as late as 1997, very few designs for space hotels were published. This is mainly because those who might be expected to design them haven't expected launch costs to come down far enough to make them possible.
Lots of people who've been to space have described vividly what it's like to live in zero gravity. There are obviously all sorts of possibilities for dancing, gymnastics, and zero-G sports. Luckily, you don't need to sleep much living in zero gravity, so you'll have plenty of time for relaxing by hanging out in a bar with a window looking down at the turning Earth below.
Of course all good things have come to an end, unfortunately. And so after a few days you'll find yourself heading back though you'll be much more expert at exercising in zero gravity than you were when you arrived. You'll be thinking how soon you can save up enough to get back up again—or maybe you should change jobs to get to work in an orbiting hotel.
8. When traveling in space, most people would like to stay in orbit for a few days because ____.
A. it is expensive to travel in space
B. they would find the possible life in other star systems
C. they could enjoy the luxury of space hotels
D. they want to realize the full potential of tourism
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第一段Most people, when they travel to space, would like to stay in orbit for a few days or more. And this stands to reason, if you're paying $20,000 for your trip to orbit!可知，太空旅行非常昂贵，因此人们想要在轨道上停留几天，让自己的花费物有所值，故选A项。
9. Which of the following is a unique experience that space hotels will offer?
A. The gravitational pull. B. The special views.
C. The relaxation in a bar. D. The space walk.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第一段Hotels in orbit... But they'll also offer two unique experiences: impressive views—of Earth and space...可知，独特的地球与太空景观是太空酒店提供的独特体验，故选B项。
10. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?
A. When was the space traveling made possible?
B. What are the unique experiences that space hotels will offer?
C. Why were there not many published designs for space hotels?
D. How can the travelers enjoy themselves in space hotels?
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据第一段But they'll also offer two unique experiences可知，文章提到了B项内容；根据第二段very few designs for space hotels were published. This is mainly because...可知，文章提到了C项内容；文章第三段内容介绍了旅客们如何在太空旅馆里玩得开心，因此D项也提到了。A项内容文章未提及，故选A项。
11. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. traveling in space
B. the ways of living in space hotels
C. zero gravity and space hotels
D. the description of space hotels
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了太空旅馆的情况。故D项“the description of space hotels”符合文章大意。故选D项。
D
What is your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange or red? If you do, you must be an optimist (乐观主义者), a leader, or an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer gray and blue? Then you are probably quiet, shy and you would rather follow than lead. If you love green, you are strong-minded and determined. You wish to succeed and want other people to see you are successful. At least this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of color preference, and the effect that colors have on human beings. They tell us that we donˈt choose our favorite color as we grow up. If you happen to love brown, you did so as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.
A yellow room makes us feel more cheerful and more comfortable than a dark green one, and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing. Light and bright colors make people not only happier but also more active. It is a fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or dark gray.
Remember, then, that if you feel low, you can always brighten your day or your life with a new shirt or a few colorful things. Remember also that you will know your friends and your enemies better when you find out what colors they like and dislike. And donˈt forget that anyone can guess your character when you choose a piece of handkerchief or a lampshade.
12. The author believes in the passage that ________.
A. anyone can choose his color preference in his life
B. no one can choose his color preference in his life
C. anyone is born with his color preference
D. no one is born with his color preference
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。根据文章第一段中They tell us that we donˈt choose our favorite color as we grow up. If you happen to love brown, you did so as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly.y.可知，人对颜色的喜爱从出生就确定了。故选C项。
13. According to the passage, ________.
A. if you enjoy life, you must like yellow, orange and red
B. when you are quiet, you must prefer gray and blue
C. if you love green, you usually do what you have decided
D. if you love pink, you often go to flower shops
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查判断推理题。由第一段中的If you love green...determined．可知，喜欢绿色的人通常果断、有主见，与C项表述相符，故选C项。
14. Psychologists study the meaning of color preference because ________.
A. colors may affect the emotional states of the people
B. colors may decide the results of our work and study
C. color preference can tell you who your friends are
D. color preference can help you to see through your enemies
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查判断推理题。根据第一段At least this is what psychologists tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of color preference, and the effect that colors have on human beings.可知，科学家不仅发现颜色喜好和人的性格有关，还发现颜色对人的情绪也有影响。故选A项。
15. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. It is no proper to wear a red dress in summer.
B. We feel happier and more active if we see light and bright colors.
C. All the machines in a factory are painted orange.
D. No machines in a factory are painted black.
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查细节理解题。由第二段中的ight and bright colors make people not only happier but also more active. 可知，浅且明亮的颜色不仅能使人们更快乐，还能使人们更活跃。故选B项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Building the thinking habit is important because it helps you live with a purpose. How can we build the thinking habit? Here are some tips.
Be curious
Curiosity is powerful. (1) It also helps you recognize the ideas when they come. Curiosity is an important attitude to building the thinking habit.
Read widely
If you want to come up with good ideas, you need to feed your mind with good ideas.
(2) This will give you fresh, new ideas. Donˈt just read in the fields you are familiar with. Read in other fields as well.
Read actively
Not only should you read widely, but you should also read actively. Find some ideas and think about how you can use them. My favorite way to do this is highlight the book I read. I will then put the actionable ideas in my idea journal. (3)
Keep an idea journal
When you find a good idea, donˈt just keep it in your mind. Instead, write it down to catch the idea. (4) Keeping an idea journal makes you more alert to new ideas. You will quickly recognize them because you already have the habit of catching ideas.
(5)
Of course, it doesnˈt do you much good if you just write down ideas. Take time to read these ideas every now and then. In my case, I mark the ideas that I consider important and review them regularly. This often opens the way to new ideas.
A．Design your own ideas
B．Go over your ideas
C．In this way, others also benefit from your ideas.
D．One way to do that is to read.
E．Otherwise, the idea might be gone forever.
F．It makes you like finding new ideas.
G．This helps me get the most out of the book.
16.【答案】F
【解析】根据上文“Curiosity is powerful.”和下文“It also helps you recognize the ideas when they come.”可知，这里在讲保持好奇心的好处，F项“它能使你喜欢寻找新的想法”符合语境，故选F项。
17.【答案】D
【解析】根据小标题“Read widely”和后文“Donˈt just read in the fields you are familiar with. Read in other fields as well.”可知，这里讲的是如何提出好主意，D项“那样做的一个方法是阅读”符合语境，故选D项。
18.【答案】G
【解析】本段讲的内容与积极地阅读有关，且提到“highlight the book”。再通过语境可知，G项“这帮助我从这本书中得到最大的收获”符合语境。故选G项。
19.【答案】E
【解析】根据小标题“Keep an idea journal”及空前的“when you find a good idea, donˈt just keep it in your mind. Instead, write it down to catch the idea.”可知，idea是本段的中心词，E项“否则这个主意就可能永远地消失了”符合语境，故选E项。
20.【答案】B
【解析】本段讲的是记下这些想法之后要经常回顾，所以B项“回顾你的想法”符合语境，故选B项。
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I was seated beside a rather (21) man in a long coat and a hat. He had his face covered by a newspaper. A young shy passenger (22) him and asked for an autograph (亲笔签名). He provided it (23) and then continued getting his face beneath the newspaper. This lasted for minutes and then he put the (24) down. I turned to look and (25) that the gentleman was Donald Sutherland, a famous Canadian (26) .
Seeing him, I decided to make a (27) about him. Then I said, " (28) youˈre trying to be unknown, you should have done a rather poor job." No answer, I had to (29) to look out of the window, thinking, "Well, this is going to be a long and boring flight." When I heard him clear his throat, I turned back and saw his eyes fixed on mine.
"Were you (30) that I was a bad actor?" he said with a smile. "No...no..." I stammered (结结巴巴地说). "Iˈm going to (31) the great doctor Norman Bethune in Montreal this time. Well, just now I was (32) how to act the role out and trying to practice his words." Then he laughed.
In fact, Sutherland is a very (33) and talkative man. Although we didnˈt (34) . life-long friends, we did have a fairly pleasant three-hour (35) on the plane.
21. A. reliable B. responsible C. fashionable D. knowledgeable
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：我坐在一个相当时髦的男人旁边，他穿着长外套，戴着帽子。A.reliable可信赖的；B.responsible负责的；有责任的；C.fashionable时尚的；D.knowledgeable知识渊博的，有知识的，根据“in a long coat and a hat”以及后文提到他是演员的语境可知，这个人应该很时尚(fashionable)，故选C项。
22. A. sent for B. searched for C. got close to D. kept up with
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：一位年轻害羞的乘客走近他，向他要签名。A.sent for派人去叫； B.searched for寻找；搜索；C.got close to走近；接近；D.kept up with赶得上；和…保持联系，根据“asked for an autograph”可知，一位害羞的年轻乘客走近(got close to)他，找他签名，故选C项。
23. A. quickly B. finally C. seriously D. nervously
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查副词辨析。句意：他迅速地提供了信息，然后继续把脸埋在报纸下面。A.quickly讯速地；B.finally最后；C.seriously认真地；严重地；D.nervously紧张地，根据“continued getting his face beneath the newspaper”及后文内容可知，他要忙自己的事，所以很快地(quickly)签了名，故选A项。
24. A. hat B. coat C. glasses D. newspaper
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：这样持续了几分钟，然后他放下了报纸。A.hat帽子；B.coat大衣；外套； C.glasses眼镜；D.newspaper报纸，根据语境可知，他之前拿着报纸，现在应该是把报纸(newspaper)放下了，故选D项。
25. A. admitted B. guessed C. realized D. announced
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：我回头一看，原来那位先生是加拿大著名演员唐纳德·萨瑟兰。A.admitted承认；B.guessed猜想；C.realized意识到；D.announced宣布，根据“the gentleman was Donald Sutherland”可知，作者朝那人一看，意识到(realized)他就是唐纳德·萨瑟兰，故选C项。
26. A. poet B. actor C. painter D. director
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意同上，A.poet诗人；B.actor演员；C.painter画家；D.director导演；人事助理，根据后文的“...I am a bad actor?”及后文他说自己要扮演白求恩可知，他是一个著名的演员(actor)，故选B项。
27. A. joke B. plan C. wish D. decision
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意：看到他，我决定开他的玩笑。A.joke玩笑；B.plan计划；C.wish希望；D.decision决定，根据后文作者所说的话可知，作者是想跟他开个玩笑(joke)， make a joke是固定搭配，意思是“开玩笑”，故选A项。
28. A. If B. Once C. After D. Although
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查连词辨析。句意：然后我说:“如果你想让自己默默无闻，那你应该做得相当糟糕” A.If如果；B.Once一旦，曾经；C.After 在......之后；D.Although尽管，此处的话并不是真的，表示“如果......”，用if引导条件状语从句，故选A项。
29. A. give in B. calm down C. turn around D. look around
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：没有回答，我只好转身望着窗外，思索着。A.give in屈服；B.calm down冷静下来；C.turn around转身；D.look around环顾四周，根据前文的“No answer”及后文的“to look out of the window”可知，没有回话，作者只好转过身去(turn around)看着窗外，故选C项。
30. A. predicting B. suggesting C. imagining D. explaining
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：你是在暗示我是一个差劲的演员吗？A.predicting预测；B.suggesting建议；暗示；C.imagining想象；D.explaining解释，根据语境可知，此处指“你是在暗示(suggesting)我是一个差劲的演员吗？”，suggest作“暗示”讲时，后面跟自然语态，由I was...，可知，suggest是表示“暗示”，故选B项。
31. A. visit B. play C. thank D. record
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：这次我要在蒙特利尔扮演伟大的白求恩医生。A.visit拜访；B.play扮演；玩；C.thank感谢；D.record记录，根据后文的“how to act the role out and trying to practice his words”可知，此处指扮演(play)白求恩这个角色，故选B项。
32. A. showing B. discussing C. teaching D. considering
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：刚才我正在考虑如何扮演这个角色，并努力练习他的话。A.showing显示；展示；B.discussing讨论；C.teaching教；D.considering考虑，根据语境可知，此处指考虑(considering)如何演好这个角色，故选D项。
33. A. friendly B. outstanding C. considerate D. independent
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查形容词辨析。句意：事实上，萨瑟兰是一个非常友好健谈的人。A.friendly友好的；B.outstanding杰出的；显著；C.considerate考虑周到的；D.independent独立的，根据前文内容可知，一开始作者尝试与那位演员交流却碰了壁，作者应该会觉得那位演员不好相处，但现在作者发现他其实很友好(friendly)，故选A项。
34. A. meet B. mention C. welcome D. become
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查动词辨析。句意：尽管我们没有成为终身的朋友，但我们在飞机上确实聊了三个小时，聊得相当愉快。A.meet相遇；B.mention提到，谈到； C.welcome欢迎；D.become成为；变成，根据 Sutherland is a very (33) and talkative man可知，尽管作者与那位演员没有成为(become)长期的朋友，但他们的确有三个小时的愉快的交谈，故选D项。
35. A. game B. rest C. chat D. interview
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查名词辨析。句意同上，A.game游戏；B.rest休息；C.chat交谈；聊天；D.interview采访；面试，根据语境可知，尽管作者与那位演员没有成为长期的朋友，但他们的确有三个小时的愉快的交谈(chat)，故选C项。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China successfully landed the Chang'e-4 lunar probe (月球探测器) on the far side of the moon on January 3, 2019, becoming the only country in history (36) (touch) the lunar surface unseen by those on Earth. The far side of the moon has been seen and mapped (37) (previous) by astronauts of the Apollo Missions. But it is the first time that the moon's far side (38) (set) foot on by any spacecraft, and the successful landing of Chang'e-4 is seen as a major milestone in space (39) (explore).
The Chang'e-4 spacecraft consists (40) two parts: a lander and a rover (巡视器). Representing China's (41) (new) step in the lunar probe project of all time, it landed at 10:26 am Beijing time. Then it sent back a photo of the landing place.
(42) (shoot) through cameras on the probe's lander, the photo marks the world's first image taken on the surface of the far side of the moon. One of the photos published by the China National Space Administration shows the place (43) Chang'e-4's rover—named Yutu—will be heading hours later for (44) purpose of conducting further research. The name Chang'e has its roots in the Chinese goddess of the moon. In the ancient tale, Chang'e (45) (fly) to the heavens and landed on the moon as her final resting place.
36.【答案】to touch
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：2019年1月3日，中国成功地将“嫦娥四号”月球探测器在月球背面着陆，成为历史上唯一一个登陆月球背面的国家。被序数词the only以及形容词最高级等修饰的名词，后面常常用不定式作后置定语。故填to touch.
37.【答案】previously
【解析】本题考查副词。句意：月球的远端曾经被阿波罗任务的宇航员看到并绘制过地图。空格处作状语修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式。故填previously.
38.【答案】has been set
【解析】本题考查动词的时态和语态。It is the first time that...为固定句型，that从句要用现在完成时；再者set foot on和the moon's far side之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且从句主语是第三人称单数，故填has been set.
39.【答案】exploration(s)
【解析】本题考查名词。句意：但这是第一次有航天器登上月球的远端，嫦娥四号的成功着陆被视为太空探索的一个重要里程碑。嫦娥四号的成功着陆被视为太空探索的一个重要里程碑。空格前有介词in，介词后用名词的形式。space修饰后面空格处的名词。exploration作“探索”讲时，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，故填exploration(s).
40.【答案】of
【解析】本题考查介词。句意：嫦娥四号飞船由两部分组成:着陆器和巡视器。consist of固定搭配，表示“由……组成”。故填of.
41.【答案】newest
【解析】本题查形容词的最高级。句意：它于北京时间上午10点26分着陆，标志着中国在探月工程中迈出了有史以来的最新一步。根据语境可知，此处应用形容词new的最高级形式，表示“最新的”，故填newest.
42.【答案】Shot/Having been shot
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处是非谓语动词作状语；因shoot与the photo之间是逻辑上的被动关系，且动作已完成，用过去分词；此外，此处也可用现在分词的完成式强调分词动作先于谓语动作发生。且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Shot/Having been shot。
43.【答案】where
【解析】本题考查定语从句的关系词。句意：中国国家航天局发布的其中一张照片显示，几个小时后，嫦娥四号的“玉兔2号”探测器将前往那里进行进一步的研究。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰表示地点的先行词the place，空格处在从句中作地点状语，故填where.
44.【答案】the
【解析】本题考查冠词。句意：中国国家航天局发布的其中一张照片显示，几个小时后，嫦娥四号的“玉兔2号”探测器将前往那里进行进一步的研究。for the purpose of固定搭配，表示“目的是；为了”。故填the.
45.【答案】flew
【解析】本题考查动词的时态。句意：在古老的传说中，嫦娥飞上天空，降落在月球上作为她最后的安息之所。根据and后的分句所用的一般过去时可知，此处也用一般过去时描述过去发生的事情。故填flew.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假设你是晨光中学的学生李华，5月15日布鲁斯先生将应邀参加你们学校举行的主题为Astronomy: the science of the stars的英语讲座。请你给他写一封信，主要内容包括：
(1)很高兴他接受邀请；(2)确定讲座时间；(3)询问需求。
注意：(1)词数80左右（信的开头和结尾已给出，但不计人总词数）；
(2)可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mr. Bruce,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】
Dear Mr. Bruce,
Iˈm delighted you have accepted our invitation to give a lecture about Astronomy: the science of the stars at our school on 15th, May.
As we agreed, youˈll be speaking on the topic from 8 am to 11 am. There will be extra minutes for questions.
Would you please tell me what youˈll need then? If you could let me know your specific requirements by 10th, May, Iˈll have plenty of time to make sure that the school hall provides you with what you need.
Thank you again for agreeing to speak. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【思路点拨】
本文是一篇应用文，话题是告知关于讲座事宜。写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗
漏要点，适当添加细节，以充实文章内容。尽量使用高级词汇和高级句型，同时要使用合
的衔接词，让文章看起来有条理。
【亮点词汇】
①make sure that...一定......；确保......
②provide sb. with...为某人提供......
③hear from...收到......来信
【高分句型】
①As we agreed, youˈll be speaking on the topic from 8 am to 11 am.
句意：按照我们所商定的，，你将于上午8时至11时就这一专题发言。
语法点：as引导非限制性定语从句。
②If you could let me know your specific requirements by 10th, May, Iˈll have plenty of time to
make sure that the school hall provides you with what you need.
句意：如果你能在5月10日之前告诉我你的具体要求，我会有足够的时间确保学校大厅为你提供你需要的东西。
语法点：if引导条件状语从句；that引导宾语从句；what引导宾语从句）
【结构布局】
引言：很高兴他接受邀请。
中心：确定讲座时间；询问需求。
结尾：再次感谢，期待回复。
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个150词左右完整的故事。
That night, I quarreled with my mother， then stormed out of the house. While on the road, I remembered that I did not have any money in my pocket, I did not even take my cell phone with me to make a call home.At the same time, I went through a noodle shop, and I suddenly felt very hungry. I wished for a bowl of noodles, but I had no money!
The seller saw me standing before the counter and asked, "Hey little girl, you want to eat a bowl？"
"But…but I do not carry money…" I shyly replied.
"Okay, I'll treat you." the seller said, "Come in! I will cook you a bowl."
A few minutes later the owner brought me a steaming bowl of noodles. After eating some noodles,I cried.
"What is it？" He asked.
"Nothing, I am just touched by your kindness!" I said as I wiped my tears. "Even a stranger on the street gives me a bowl of noodles, and my mother, after a quarrel， chased me out of the house. She is cruel（残忍的）！"
The seller sighed, "Girl, why did you think so？ Think again. I only gave you a bowl of noodles and you felt that way. Your mother has been taking care of you since you were born, why were you not grateful and why did you hurt your mom？"
I was really shocked after hearing that.
Why didn't I think of that？A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel grateful, and my mother has raised me since I was little and I have never felt so, not even a little.
Paragraph 1：
Just at that moment, many memories came back into my mind._________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
When arriving home, I saw my mother sitting at the dinner table, worried and tired. _______
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Paragraph 1:
Just at that moment, many memories came back into my mind. When I was ill, she was always the one taking care of me. When I had trouble with my study, she never lost faith in me and encouraged me to keep going. When I arrived home during the weekend, she always prepared my favorite food, All her kindness came back to me. I should be grateful for all she had done for me, I realized I should go back home immediately and say sorry to my mother.
Paragraph 2：
When arriving home, I saw my mother sitting at the dinner table, worried and tired.She must have been looking for me everywhere. I was ready for her anger and shouts. However, before I could apologize, my mother saw me and gently said, Oh, honey, you're back! Come inside. You are probably very hungry？ I cooked your favorite noodles. Come and eat while they are still hot. No longer able to control myself, 1 cried in her arms shyly． I'm sorry, Mom, please forgive me, " I whispered to her with tears, extremely ashamed of myself.
【解析】
高分句型一：
I should be grateful for all she had done for me, I realized I should go back home immediately and say sorry to my mother.
译文：我应该感激她为我所做的一切，我意识到我应该马上回家向我母亲道歉。
分析：这句话使用she had done for me作为定语从句修饰all.
高分句型二：I whispered to her with tears, extremely ashamed of myself.
译文：我哭着对她低声说，感到非常羞愧。
分析：这句话使用形容词短语作状语。
【故事续写思路点拨】
（1）品读原文．确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索．如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后．最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿．拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
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