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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课堂检测
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课堂检测，共12页。
Unit 4 Space Exploration
Review单元综合复习测试
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. You should do it ____________ (regular).
2. I limit myself ____________three cups of beer a day.
3. She____________( attach) a stamp to the envelope.
4. They provided some necessary support____________the sufferers.
5. So from the ____________ (globe) perspective, it is very important.
6. He gave up without ____________ (argue).
7. There are many kinds of____________ (resource) like coal, tungsten, oil, and copper.
8. How much would you spend ____________sport products?
9. I have found the solution____________ this problem.
10. I provide him ____________ all his rights.
【答案】
1.regularly 2.to 3.attached 4.for 5.global 6.argument
7.resources 8.on 9.to 10.with
【解析】本题主要考察学生在语境中对基础语法的语用能力。
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示用短语完成句子
1. __________________________ in the morning will do you a lot of good . 早晨大声朗读
2. I don’t know____________ ________________the offer. 不知道是接受还是拒绝
3. It is no good _________________________ .学而不实践是没好处的。
4. As long as you do your best, you never_______________________.
只要你竭尽全力, 一定能够得到你想要的。
5. All of us can __________________________________ our society. 会对我们的社会产生影响
6. So every one of us has the duty to ________________________ commodities for our society and for ourselves. 与伪劣产品作斗争。
7. As you will see from my resume, I ________________________ the position. 符合这个职位的要求。
8. In closing, I am ______________________ your timely help. 我非常感谢你的及时帮助。
9. It rained heavily yesterday. ______________________, the train was delayed.
10. It took them almost five years to ______________________建完大坝
【答案】
1. Reading English aloud
2. whether to accept or refuse
3. learning without practice.
4. fail to get what you want
5. make a difference to
6. fight against fake
7. meet the requirements for
8. very grateful to you for
9. As a result
10.finish building the dam
【解析】本题主要考察学生在语境中对短语的语用能力。
III.阅读理解。每题2.5分。
Researchers are often interested in how culture changes over time. All cultures go through periods of change and some cultures change faster than others. For example, in the past 10 years, Chinese culture has changed rapidly as western products have become popular. Other countries, such as France, have created rules to prevent their culture from changing too quickly.
Even though cultures change at different paces, the causes of cultural change are quite similar around the world. One of these is technology and medicine. In the United States the invention and development of birth control pills and other measures helped parents to limit the size of their families. As a result, families grew smaller and parents could give more attention to fewer children. On the other hand, new technology has also created emotional distance among families.
Cultures also change when they come into contact with other cultures. Immigration, for example, often results in cultural change for both immigrants and the host culture. Immigrants often bring with them different ideas, food, music, language, and manners when they move to a new culture. In Canada, for example, the government has a policy of multiculturalism where immigrants are encouraged to share their background cultures with Canadians while adopting and accepting Canadian culture.
Cultural change can occur due to larger events. For example, economic depression, war, and disaster can endanger societies, which must adapt to these challenges and events. Because of these changes in society, ideas and ways of life also affect the entire culture. For example, during World War Ⅱ， many American men were sent far off to fight. Consequently, women were suddenly needed to work in the factories. As a result of this change, it is no longer culturally acceptable to believe that they should not have the right to work.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了文化变迁的几种原因。
1．In the first paragraph, which country has experienced rapid cultural change in the last decade?
A．Canada. B．China.
C．France. D．America.
【答案】：B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For example, in the past 10 years, Chinese culture has changed rapidly as western products have become popular.”可知，在过去的10年里，随着西方产品的流行，中国文化发生了迅速的变化，故选B。
2．What will probably be talked about following the last paragraph?
A．Another reason for cultural change.
B．A discussion of immigration policy in France.
C．Another cultural change caused by World War Ⅱ.
D．Some examples of highly successful working women.
【答案】：A 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Cultures also change when they come into contact with other cultures.文化与其他文化接触时也会发生变化”，以及第四段第一句“Cultural change can occur due to larger events.由于更大的事件，文化会发生变化”，分别提出文化变迁的两种原因，故而接下来可能还会提出另一种不同的原因，故选A。
3．What would be a good title for this passage?
A．Immigration Policy and Culture
B．Immigration and Culture
C．New Technology and Family Culture
D．Theories of Cultural Change
【答案】：D 标题判断题。本文讲述了文化变迁的几种原因，故而以“文化变迁理论”为题，故选D。
B
How did we get the alphabet? It was a long process, covering thousands of years.
The first people to write things down carved symbols onto rocks or shells. These symbols represented people or things.
These people who lived a long time ago had simple lives with simple needs. One of the most basic needs was food. Before the introduction of agriculture, people were called huntergatherers because they hunted animals and gathered nuts and berries for food. To tell each other about how to hunt animals or where to find them, these people drew on cave walls or on animal hides. Soon, people were growing their own crops. They were also using a system of symbols to stand for people, places and things. The best ancient example of this was found in Egypt, where hieroglyphs (象形字) were used. These people believed in many different gods. Each god had its own symbol. Symbols were also used to stand for water, buildings, food, and other parts of life.
But these picture drawings and hieroglyphs represented whole words, not just sounds. How did we get an alphabet? Recent research suggests that the idea of an alphabet was first used in Egypt about 1900 BC.Civilizations that traded with or fought against Egypt were exposed to this alphabet, and the idea spread.
The ancient Greeks adapted this alphabet and created their own. The ancient Romans polished it up to a state almost like our modern alphabet. The idea of stringing letters together to make words was born. You can see by looking at letters from the Roman alphabet that these letters survive almost unchanged in our modern English alphabet.
This was the case in the Western world. Actually, a similar thing also happened in the East. You can see many examples in such areas' language development.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了字母表是如何出现的。
4．Why did huntergatherers use drawings?
A．To assist them in searching for food.
B．To put a series of symbols into a system.
C．To warn their companions to hide safely.
D．To record some methods of growing crops.
【答案】：A 细节理解题。根据第三段第四句可知，采猎人使用图示是为了帮助他人捕捉和发现动物。故选A。
5．What does the development of the alphabet reflect?
A．The difficulties ancient people have learning languages.
B．The different kinds of religious beliefs in the same god.
C．The poor living conditions and agricultural development.
D．The needs of ancient people to survive and communicate.
【答案】：D 推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段内容可推知，人们的基本需求为食物，人们使用图示、象形字代表含义帮助生存。之后与埃及进行贸易或作战也使用字母表。可见字母表的发展反映了古人生存和交流的需求。故选D。
6．How did the ancient Romans influence the alphabet?
A．They made improvements to it.
B．They created it all by themselves.
C．They managed to keep it unchanged.
D．They turned it into the modern one.
【答案】：A 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，古罗马人对字母表改进地像我们现代字母表一样。故选A。
7．What will the author probably write about next?
A．The effects of the alphabet on global languages.
B．Why the alphabet grew better in Western world.
C．How the alphabet appeared in the Eastern world.
D．A number of examples of language evolution.
【答案】：C 推理判断题。文章最后一段谈到以上是西方世界的例子，随后作者说，东方世界的情况也是如此，而且例子很多。由此可推断，随后作者很可能讲的是东方一些国家和地区的情况。故选C。
C
San Francisco's Chinatown is the biggest and oldest in the country. It's the third most visited tourist destination in the city. It's also the city's most densely populated neighborhood. So why are businesses in Chinatown struggling?
In this week's paper, I outline some of the reasons for why Chinatown's crowded streets and busy shops might be declining. Underneath the surface, Chinatown is falling. And the city, local organizations and businesses are trying to figure out what they can do to turn things around.
While numbers of people visit Chinatown, they don't stay long and they don't spend a lot of money. And beyond annual festivals, like Chinese New Years, this month's Moon Festival and last month's Sunday Streets—which drew about 15,000 to 20,000 people—the neighborhood has a hard time attracting locals.
Can you remember the last time you went to Chinatown? If you can't, you're not alone. Locals told me that Chinatown doesn't have much to offer them—that the stores are all the same. There are some good eating joints, people said, but they don't know how to find them. Some people even told me that they sometimes go to extreme measures to avoid the neighborhood altogether. But when asked if they would like to see Chinatown gone, the answer was always a strong no.
Locals are hopeful that things will get better and traffic will increase when the Central Subway is complete. But that's not for another five years, at least. And if new shops or restaurants don't make their way into Chinatown, the same problem of attracting locals will exist.
Not that Chinatown's going to die. The dragon still has some fire in its belly. And many people are rooting for positive change. The question is, how does Chinatown change without losing the very importance of what makes it unique?
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了旧金山唐人街是北美洲最古老的唐人街，亚洲以外最大的华人社区，但是近几年一直状况不佳，这种低迷的状况令华人和当地人感到担心。
8．Which can we know about Chinatown according to the passage?
A．Businesses in Chinatown are going well.
B．Local people like going shopping there.
C．A great number of people visit it every year.
D．No period has seen a more prosperous Chinatown.
【答案】：C 细节理解题。依据第一段前两句“San Francisco's Chinatown is the biggest and oldest in the country.It's the third most visited tourist destination in the city.”可知，唐人街客流量很大，故选C。
9．According to the locals we can know that ________.
A．Chinatown doesn't love to offer them assistance
B．shops in Chinatown lack their own characteristics
C．it is hard to buy quality goods at proper prices
D．they feel annoyed to see so many familiar faces
【答案】：B 细节理解题。依据第四段中的“Locals told me that Chinatown doesn't have much to offer them—that the stores are all the same.”可知，当地人认为唐人街不能满足他们的需要，唐人街的商店都是一样的，故选B。
10．It can be inferred from the passage ________.
A．the Central Subway is under construction
B．Chinatown has to make way for subway
C．many restaurants have been closed down
D．the locals hope Chinatown will be extinct
【答案】：A 推理判断题。依据第五段第一句“Locals are hopeful that things will get better and traffic will increase when the Central Subway is complete.”可知，当地人都希望当中央地铁完工时，事情会有所好转、交通会有所改善。由此可推知中央地铁正在建设中，故选A。
11．What is the author's attitude towards Chinatown?
A．Negative. B．Sympathy.
C．Hopeful. D．Indifferent.
【答案】：C 推理判断题。依据最后一段前三句“Not that Chinatown's going to die.The dragon still has some fire in its belly.And many people are rooting for positive change.”可推知，作者认为唐人街不会就这样消亡。故选C。
D
A study of 500,000 songs released (发行) in the UK between 1985
and 2015 showed that pop music had decreased in happiness and increased in sadness.
In a report published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, researchers at the University of California examined hundreds of thousands of songs and classified them by their mood. “‘Happiness’ is going down, ‘sadness’ is going up, and at the same time, the songs are becoming more ‘danceable’ and more ‘partylike’，” coauthor Natalia L. Komarova told The Associated Press.
The study found songs in 2014 like Stay With Me by Sam Smith, Whispers by Passenger and Unmissable by Gorgon City have a “low happiness” trend. However, tracks from 1984 like Glory Days by Bruce Springsteen, Would I Lie To You? by Eurythmics and Freedom by Wham! had a “high happiness” trend. “The public seems to prefer happier songs, even though more and more unhappy songs are being released each year，”the researchers wrote.
Apart from the emotional trends, researchers discovered that dances and pop were the most successful styles of music and that there was a “clear downward” trend, with the popularity of rock beginning in the early 2000s.“So it looks like, while the overall mood is becoming less happy, people seem to want to forget it all and dance，” Komarova wrote in an email.
It was also found that the “maleness” of songs—the frequency of male singers in popular music—had decreased during the last 30 years. “Successful songs are characterized by a larger percentage of female artists compared to all songs，” they wrote.
This discovery appears at a time when the conversation around sex equality in the music industry is at its height, with more male artists and songwriters.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了流行音乐表达的情绪的变化趋势。
12．The researchers examined lots of songs to ________.
A．find songs for dances and parties
B．choose songs for a journal
C．release more songs
D．know better about songs
【答案】：D 推理判断题。文章第二段介绍了加州大学的研究者们调查了成千上万的歌曲并把它们按情绪分类，紧接着得出歌曲分类的结果，可见他们调查歌曲的目的是想对歌曲有更多的了解，故选D。A、C两项曲解文意；B项无中生有。
13．Whose music style tends to bring you more happiness?
A．Natalia L. Komarova's. B．Sam Smith's.
C．Gorgon City's. D．Bruce Springsteen's.
【答案】：D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, tracks from 1984 like Glory Days by Bruce Springsteen, Would I Lie To You? by Eurythmics and Freedom by Wham! had a ‘high happiness’ trend.”可知D项正确。
14．What do we know about songs?
A．Rock became popular in the early 2000s.
B．Fewer unhappy songs came to light every year.
C．Male singers were better at performing pop music.
D．Female artists were less skilled in writing songs.
【答案】：A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“with the popularity of rock beginning in the early 2000s”可知，摇滚乐在21世纪初开始流行，故A项正确。其余三个选项的内容均与文意不符。
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Pop Music Is Getting Sadder
B．Music Calls for Sex Equality
C．Pop Music Has a Long History
D．Music Industry Is Going Down
【答案】：A 标题判断题。根据文章首段总述及后续段落的描述可知，全文重点介绍了流行音乐正变得越来越伤感，故选A项。B项仅是文章中提到的一个细节；C项不是文章的重点；D项扩大外延，属过度概括，故排除。
IV.阅读七选五
Every person has time for exercise. The way is to take steps to include exercise convenient
for your lifestyle. After I started getting into a habit of exercising, I was surprised by how much
I could get done in a day, both physically and mentally. You can make exercise a part of your
daily lifestyle. ____1____
Start small.
One of the reasons exercise programs fail is that we bite off more than we can chew. Instead
of telling yourself you're going to exercise today for an hour , tell yourself you're going to
exercise for five minutes._____2____
Break your exercise into parts.
No time for 30 minutes of exercise? No problem. Do three bouts（一回）of 10 minutes, or six bouts of five minutes each. _____3____ Just keep a running table of how many minutes you
exercise each day to ensure you're getting the minimum you desire.
______4____
Devices such as Fitbit activity trackers （跟踪系统） turn exercise into a game of sorts.
Each day, you can measure how many steps you've taken. Many people find this attractive to their competitive spirits, and they take great pains to meet their goals. The technology is there,
and it's very affordable.
Exercise with someone else.
_____5_____You don't want to let him or her down, even if you're feeling like you'd rather not work out. Find someone and start moving.You'll be able to inspire one another and celebrate your success.
A. Use technology to help.
B. Always stay active with exercise.
C. Yes, just five minutes and get up to walk around.
D. Here are four steps to help you do it effectively.
E. You'll still get the same time, no matter how you break it down.
F. Hig-tech products are becoming popular with many young people.
G. It is much more difficult to say " no" to exercise when you have an exercise partner.
【答案】：1—5 F B G E D
【解析】：本文是一篇说明文 ,介绍了跑步是最好的减肥方法。
1.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后"If you're not a runner yet'可知这里是介绍如果你已经开始跑步了, 就继续跑,故选F。
2.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后"because your resting energy expenditure stays elevated (高的)after you run .“可知,跑步后休息的时候, 能量消耗也是高的, 这里是当你休息的时候, 跑步也有用, 故选B。
3.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前running is a considerably faster way to burn those calories .“可知，这里是:大部分人在所给的范围跑步的距离是走路的三倍,故选G。
4.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"little is actually required to go running . "可知，这里是:除了一双跑鞋,你什么都不需要.故选E.
5.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后Fortunately , studies support what many runners have experienced on an anecdotal level-running can actually get you high . “可知跑步可以让人情绪高,这里是:减肥的第一规则是如果你不喜欢,你就不会坚持.故选D.
[点评]本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
IV.完形填空。
April 1st is a day on which，in some countries，people try to play tricks on others. If one _46_ in tricking someone，one laughs and says，“April Fool！”and then the person who is tricked _47 laughs，too.
One April 1st，a country bus was going along a _48 road when it slowed down and stopped. The driver 49 turned switches and pressed buttons，but nothing happened. _50 he turned to the passengers with a worried look on his face and said，“This poor bus is getting _51 .It isn't going as well as it used to. _52 only one thing to do if we want to get home today. I’ll _53 three. I want you all to 54 forward suddenly as hard as you can. This should 55 the bus started again but if it doesn't，I'm afraid there's nothing else I can do. Now，all of you lean back as _56 as you can in your seats and get 57 .”
The passengers all pressed back 58 their seats and waited anxiously.
Then the driver turned to the 59 and asked，“Are you ready？”The passengers hardly had enough 60 to answer，“Yes.”
“One！Two！Three！”counted the driver. The passengers all leant forward 61 and the bus started 62 at a great speed.
The passengers breathed more 63 and began to smile with relief. But their smile turned to 64 and laughter when the driver 65 cried，“April Fool！”
46．A.interested B．enjoys
C．succeeds D．joins
【解析】：succeed in doing sth.“成功地做某事”。由下文“...the person who is tricked...”可知是成功地捉弄了某人。
47．A.sadly B．hardly
C．usually D．also
【解析】：also与too语意重复，应排除D项；由too及上下文判断被捉弄的人也很高兴，排除A、B两项；“通常”被捉弄的人也会笑。
48．A.winding B．icecovered
C．high D．city
【解析】：由a country bus中的country一词可推知，道路应是“蜿蜒曲折的”。
49．A.anxiously B．happily
C．carelessly D．nervously
【解析】：由a worried look排除B、C两项；nervously“紧张不安地”；anxiously“焦急地”，更符合公共汽车受困后司机的心情，故选A项。
50．A.But B．Then
C．Because D．Therefore
【解析】：此处应用then表示司机一系列动作的顺承，上下句不存在因果或转折关系，故A、C、D三项均错。
51．A.more expensive B．old
C．poorer D．weak
【解析】：get old与poor bus吻合。突出车年久失修、容易出故障之意，符合语境。A项不符合语境；C项poorer与前面的poor重复；D项weak多形容人身体虚弱。
52．A.It is B．We have no choice
C．Have D．There is
【解析】：“There be＋sth.＋to do sth.”意为“有某事要做”，是常用固定句型。
53．A.ask B．shout
C．give D．count
【解析】：由后文中的“‘One！Two！Three' counted the driver.”可知选D项。
54．A.go B．lean
C．look D．get
【解析】：司机要求乘客前倾借助冲力发动车，由后文“The passengers all leant forward...”可选出B项。
55．A.get B．cause
C．allow D．lead
【解析】：get the bus started意为“发动公共汽车”，get sth. done意为“使……被做”，是常用句式。
56．A.far B．long
C．sudden D．hardly
【解析】：向后倾得越远，向前的冲力会越大，司机要求人们尽力向后倾，只有far符合语境。
57．A.started B．well
C．still D．ready
【解析】：司机让人们做好准备。get ready“做好准备”。
58．A.against B．on
C．to D．at
【解析】：乘客们都紧靠在座位上焦急地等待司机下指令。此处用against表示“靠着”。
59．A.back B．side
C．seat D．front
【解析】：司机刚才在回头对乘客讲话，现在要开动车，故转向“前方”。
60．A.strength B．force
C．breath D．interest
【解析】：人们正用力后倾，故呼吸不畅，几乎喘不过气来。
61．A.gently B．suddenly
C．happily D．carefully
【解析】：由前文司机要求乘客lean forward suddenly可知选B项。
62．A.up B．off
C．out D．forward
【解析】：start up“开动，发动”；start off“开始活动，开展起来”；start out“开始从事，着手干……”。
63．A.easily B．hard
C．comfortably D．often
【解析】：车开动了，人们松了一口气，呼吸“轻松”了。B、C、D三项不符合语境。
64．A.happiness B．trouble
C．surprise D．disappointment
【解析】：对于愚人节的把戏，人们往往又“惊”又喜，A项与laughter语意重复。
65．A.friendly B．aloud
C．quietly D．merrily
【解析】：由第一段及常识可知，成功愚弄别人的人很高兴，故选D项.
IV:读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
One time, the teachers at a school wanted to teach the students about airplanes. While all airplanes can fly, some are able to fly farther than others. This is because not all airplanes are built the same. For example, a fighter plane looks very different from a plane that people fly in when they want to go on a holiday. The teachers wondered how they could make students understand this.
Then, the science teacher, Mr Moose, decided that the school should have a paper airplane contest. The students would produce paper airplane designs. They would stand in line on the playground behind the school. The students would take turns throwing their airplanes. The student whose airplane went the farthest would win.
When Mr Moose announced the paper airplane contest to the students, they were very excited. A student named Paul, who was on the wrestling team, bragged (吹牛) to everyone else that his airplane would win. “I am the strongest，” Paul said. “So I will be able to throw my airplane the farthest.” However, while Paul was saying this, another student, Brian, was thinking how he could win. Brian did not play any sports and was not very strong. But he loved airplanes and really wanted to win the contest.
Brian realized what he had to do. He went to the store and bought a big stack of paper. When he got home, he took the paper into his backyard. He took a piece of paper and folded an airplane. It didn't go very far, so Brian took another sheet and folded another airplane and threw it. This airplane went a little farther. Brian kept folding different kinds of airplanes and throwing them. Some went very far and some did not. Finally, when Brian had used all the paper, he walked up to the airplane that had flown the farthest and picked it up.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学校老师为了让学生们了解飞机，决定举办一场纸飞机比赛。Paul是学生中力气最大的，自认为一定能把飞机扔得最远。Brian虽力气不大，但酷爱飞机，他想赢得这场比赛，为此他多次进行尝试，最后选出了能飞得最远的设计。比赛结果最终怎样，让我们拭目以待。
The next day was the contest. All the students lined up. Everyone took turns. After a while, everyone had thrown except Paul and Brian. Paul went first. With a mighty yell, he launched the airplane into the sky. It went farther than any other airplane. Everyone clapped. Finally, it was Brian's turn. Brian took the airplane that he had picked up the day before. He walked up to the line and, with all his strength, he threw the plane. It went flying, farther and farther, until finally it landed—10 feet past Paul's plane! The whole school cheered. Brian was the winner. Mr Moose gave him a prize: a toy airplane.
Brian won because he tried out many solutions to the problem of how to make an airplane fly very far. He did this by testing out many different designs and comparing the results. When he found the design that worked best—the paper airplane that flew the farthest—he used it. Because Brian tried a lot of designs, he was able to make up for his lack of strength and beat Paul.
Unit 4 Space Exploration
Review单元综合复习测试
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. You should do it ____________ (regular).
2. I limit myself ____________three cups of beer a day.
3. She____________( attach) a stamp to the envelope.
4. They provided some necessary support____________the sufferers.
5. So from the ____________ (globe) perspective, it is very important.
6. He gave up without ____________ (argue).
7. There are many kinds of____________ (resource) like coal, tungsten, oil, and copper.
8. How much would you spend ____________sport products?
9. I have found the solution____________ this problem.
10. I provide him ____________ all his rights.
【答案】
1.regularly 2.to 3.attached 4.for 5.global 6.argument
7.resources 8.on 9.to 10.with
【解析】本题主要考察学生在语境中对基础语法的语用能力。
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示用短语完成句子
1. __________________________ in the morning will do you a lot of good . 早晨大声朗读
2. I don’t know____________ ________________the offer. 不知道是接受还是拒绝
3. It is no good _________________________ .学而不实践是没好处的。
4. As long as you do your best, you never_______________________.
只要你竭尽全力, 一定能够得到你想要的。
5. All of us can __________________________________ our society. 会对我们的社会产生影响
6. So every one of us has the duty to ________________________ commodities for our society and for ourselves. 与伪劣产品作斗争。
7. As you will see from my resume, I ________________________ the position. 符合这个职位的要求。
8. In closing, I am ______________________ your timely help. 我非常感谢你的及时帮助。
9. It rained heavily yesterday. ______________________, the train was delayed.
10. It took them almost five years to ______________________建完大坝
【答案】
1. Reading English aloud
2. whether to accept or refuse
3. learning without practice.
4. fail to get what you want
5. make a difference to
6. fight against fake
7. meet the requirements for
8. very grateful to you for
9. As a result
10.finish building the dam
【解析】本题主要考察学生在语境中对短语的语用能力。
III.阅读理解。每题2.5分。
Researchers are often interested in how culture changes over time. All cultures go through periods of change and some cultures change faster than others. For example, in the past 10 years, Chinese culture has changed rapidly as western products have become popular. Other countries, such as France, have created rules to prevent their culture from changing too quickly.
Even though cultures change at different paces, the causes of cultural change are quite similar around the world. One of these is technology and medicine. In the United States the invention and development of birth control pills and other measures helped parents to limit the size of their families. As a result, families grew smaller and parents could give more attention to fewer children. On the other hand, new technology has also created emotional distance among families.
Cultures also change when they come into contact with other cultures. Immigration, for example, often results in cultural change for both immigrants and the host culture. Immigrants often bring with them different ideas, food, music, language, and manners when they move to a new culture. In Canada, for example, the government has a policy of multiculturalism where immigrants are encouraged to share their background cultures with Canadians while adopting and accepting Canadian culture.
Cultural change can occur due to larger events. For example, economic depression, war, and disaster can endanger societies, which must adapt to these challenges and events. Because of these changes in society, ideas and ways of life also affect the entire culture. For example, during World War Ⅱ， many American men were sent far off to fight. Consequently, women were suddenly needed to work in the factories. As a result of this change, it is no longer culturally acceptable to believe that they should not have the right to work.
篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了文化变迁的几种原因。
1．In the first paragraph, which country has experienced rapid cultural change in the last decade?
A．Canada. B．China.
C．France. D．America.
【答案】：B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For example, in the past 10 years, Chinese culture has changed rapidly as western products have become popular.”可知，在过去的10年里，随着西方产品的流行，中国文化发生了迅速的变化，故选B。
2．What will probably be talked about following the last paragraph?
A．Another reason for cultural change.
B．A discussion of immigration policy in France.
C．Another cultural change caused by World War Ⅱ.
D．Some examples of highly successful working women.
【答案】：A 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Cultures also change when they come into contact with other cultures.文化与其他文化接触时也会发生变化”，以及第四段第一句“Cultural change can occur due to larger events.由于更大的事件，文化会发生变化”，分别提出文化变迁的两种原因，故而接下来可能还会提出另一种不同的原因，故选A。
3．What would be a good title for this passage?
A．Immigration Policy and Culture
B．Immigration and Culture
C．New Technology and Family Culture
D．Theories of Cultural Change
【答案】：D 标题判断题。本文讲述了文化变迁的几种原因，故而以“文化变迁理论”为题，故选D。
B
How did we get the alphabet? It was a long process, covering thousands of years.
The first people to write things down carved symbols onto rocks or shells. These symbols represented people or things.
These people who lived a long time ago had simple lives with simple needs. One of the most basic needs was food. Before the introduction of agriculture, people were called huntergatherers because they hunted animals and gathered nuts and berries for food. To tell each other about how to hunt animals or where to find them, these people drew on cave walls or on animal hides. Soon, people were growing their own crops. They were also using a system of symbols to stand for people, places and things. The best ancient example of this was found in Egypt, where hieroglyphs (象形字) were used. These people believed in many different gods. Each god had its own symbol. Symbols were also used to stand for water, buildings, food, and other parts of life.
But these picture drawings and hieroglyphs represented whole words, not just sounds. How did we get an alphabet? Recent research suggests that the idea of an alphabet was first used in Egypt about 1900 BC.Civilizations that traded with or fought against Egypt were exposed to this alphabet, and the idea spread.
The ancient Greeks adapted this alphabet and created their own. The ancient Romans polished it up to a state almost like our modern alphabet. The idea of stringing letters together to make words was born. You can see by looking at letters from the Roman alphabet that these letters survive almost unchanged in our modern English alphabet.
This was the case in the Western world. Actually, a similar thing also happened in the East. You can see many examples in such areas' language development.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了字母表是如何出现的。
4．Why did huntergatherers use drawings?
A．To assist them in searching for food.
B．To put a series of symbols into a system.
C．To warn their companions to hide safely.
D．To record some methods of growing crops.
【答案】：A 细节理解题。根据第三段第四句可知，采猎人使用图示是为了帮助他人捕捉和发现动物。故选A。
5．What does the development of the alphabet reflect?
A．The difficulties ancient people have learning languages.
B．The different kinds of religious beliefs in the same god.
C．The poor living conditions and agricultural development.
D．The needs of ancient people to survive and communicate.
【答案】：D 推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段内容可推知，人们的基本需求为食物，人们使用图示、象形字代表含义帮助生存。之后与埃及进行贸易或作战也使用字母表。可见字母表的发展反映了古人生存和交流的需求。故选D。
6．How did the ancient Romans influence the alphabet?
A．They made improvements to it.
B．They created it all by themselves.
C．They managed to keep it unchanged.
D．They turned it into the modern one.
【答案】：A 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，古罗马人对字母表改进地像我们现代字母表一样。故选A。
7．What will the author probably write about next?
A．The effects of the alphabet on global languages.
B．Why the alphabet grew better in Western world.
C．How the alphabet appeared in the Eastern world.
D．A number of examples of language evolution.
【答案】：C 推理判断题。文章最后一段谈到以上是西方世界的例子，随后作者说，东方世界的情况也是如此，而且例子很多。由此可推断，随后作者很可能讲的是东方一些国家和地区的情况。故选C。
C
San Francisco's Chinatown is the biggest and oldest in the country. It's the third most visited tourist destination in the city. It's also the city's most densely populated neighborhood. So why are businesses in Chinatown struggling?
In this week's paper, I outline some of the reasons for why Chinatown's crowded streets and busy shops might be declining. Underneath the surface, Chinatown is falling. And the city, local organizations and businesses are trying to figure out what they can do to turn things around.
While numbers of people visit Chinatown, they don't stay long and they don't spend a lot of money. And beyond annual festivals, like Chinese New Years, this month's Moon Festival and last month's Sunday Streets—which drew about 15,000 to 20,000 people—the neighborhood has a hard time attracting locals.
Can you remember the last time you went to Chinatown? If you can't, you're not alone. Locals told me that Chinatown doesn't have much to offer them—that the stores are all the same. There are some good eating joints, people said, but they don't know how to find them. Some people even told me that they sometimes go to extreme measures to avoid the neighborhood altogether. But when asked if they would like to see Chinatown gone, the answer was always a strong no.
Locals are hopeful that things will get better and traffic will increase when the Central Subway is complete. But that's not for another five years, at least. And if new shops or restaurants don't make their way into Chinatown, the same problem of attracting locals will exist.
Not that Chinatown's going to die. The dragon still has some fire in its belly. And many people are rooting for positive change. The question is, how does Chinatown change without losing the very importance of what makes it unique?
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了旧金山唐人街是北美洲最古老的唐人街，亚洲以外最大的华人社区，但是近几年一直状况不佳，这种低迷的状况令华人和当地人感到担心。
8．Which can we know about Chinatown according to the passage?
A．Businesses in Chinatown are going well.
B．Local people like going shopping there.
C．A great number of people visit it every year.
D．No period has seen a more prosperous Chinatown.
【答案】：C 细节理解题。依据第一段前两句“San Francisco's Chinatown is the biggest and oldest in the country.It's the third most visited tourist destination in the city.”可知，唐人街客流量很大，故选C。
9．According to the locals we can know that ________.
A．Chinatown doesn't love to offer them assistance
B．shops in Chinatown lack their own characteristics
C．it is hard to buy quality goods at proper prices
D．they feel annoyed to see so many familiar faces
【答案】：B 细节理解题。依据第四段中的“Locals told me that Chinatown doesn't have much to offer them—that the stores are all the same.”可知，当地人认为唐人街不能满足他们的需要，唐人街的商店都是一样的，故选B。
10．It can be inferred from the passage ________.
A．the Central Subway is under construction
B．Chinatown has to make way for subway
C．many restaurants have been closed down
D．the locals hope Chinatown will be extinct
【答案】：A 推理判断题。依据第五段第一句“Locals are hopeful that things will get better and traffic will increase when the Central Subway is complete.”可知，当地人都希望当中央地铁完工时，事情会有所好转、交通会有所改善。由此可推知中央地铁正在建设中，故选A。
11．What is the author's attitude towards Chinatown?
A．Negative. B．Sympathy.
C．Hopeful. D．Indifferent.
【答案】：C 推理判断题。依据最后一段前三句“Not that Chinatown's going to die.The dragon still has some fire in its belly.And many people are rooting for positive change.”可推知，作者认为唐人街不会就这样消亡。故选C。
D
A study of 500,000 songs released (发行) in the UK between 1985
and 2015 showed that pop music had decreased in happiness and increased in sadness.
In a report published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, researchers at the University of California examined hundreds of thousands of songs and classified them by their mood. “‘Happiness’ is going down, ‘sadness’ is going up, and at the same time, the songs are becoming more ‘danceable’ and more ‘partylike’，” coauthor Natalia L. Komarova told The Associated Press.
The study found songs in 2014 like Stay With Me by Sam Smith, Whispers by Passenger and Unmissable by Gorgon City have a “low happiness” trend. However, tracks from 1984 like Glory Days by Bruce Springsteen, Would I Lie To You? by Eurythmics and Freedom by Wham! had a “high happiness” trend. “The public seems to prefer happier songs, even though more and more unhappy songs are being released each year，”the researchers wrote.
Apart from the emotional trends, researchers discovered that dances and pop were the most successful styles of music and that there was a “clear downward” trend, with the popularity of rock beginning in the early 2000s.“So it looks like, while the overall mood is becoming less happy, people seem to want to forget it all and dance，” Komarova wrote in an email.
It was also found that the “maleness” of songs—the frequency of male singers in popular music—had decreased during the last 30 years. “Successful songs are characterized by a larger percentage of female artists compared to all songs，” they wrote.
This discovery appears at a time when the conversation around sex equality in the music industry is at its height, with more male artists and songwriters.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了流行音乐表达的情绪的变化趋势。
12．The researchers examined lots of songs to ________.
A．find songs for dances and parties
B．choose songs for a journal
C．release more songs
D．know better about songs
【答案】：D 推理判断题。文章第二段介绍了加州大学的研究者们调查了成千上万的歌曲并把它们按情绪分类，紧接着得出歌曲分类的结果，可见他们调查歌曲的目的是想对歌曲有更多的了解，故选D。A、C两项曲解文意；B项无中生有。
13．Whose music style tends to bring you more happiness?
A．Natalia L. Komarova's. B．Sam Smith's.
C．Gorgon City's. D．Bruce Springsteen's.
【答案】：D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“However, tracks from 1984 like Glory Days by Bruce Springsteen, Would I Lie To You? by Eurythmics and Freedom by Wham! had a ‘high happiness’ trend.”可知D项正确。
14．What do we know about songs?
A．Rock became popular in the early 2000s.
B．Fewer unhappy songs came to light every year.
C．Male singers were better at performing pop music.
D．Female artists were less skilled in writing songs.
【答案】：A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“with the popularity of rock beginning in the early 2000s”可知，摇滚乐在21世纪初开始流行，故A项正确。其余三个选项的内容均与文意不符。
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Pop Music Is Getting Sadder
B．Music Calls for Sex Equality
C．Pop Music Has a Long History
D．Music Industry Is Going Down
【答案】：A 标题判断题。根据文章首段总述及后续段落的描述可知，全文重点介绍了流行音乐正变得越来越伤感，故选A项。B项仅是文章中提到的一个细节；C项不是文章的重点；D项扩大外延，属过度概括，故排除。
IV.阅读七选五
Every person has time for exercise. The way is to take steps to include exercise convenient
for your lifestyle. After I started getting into a habit of exercising, I was surprised by how much
I could get done in a day, both physically and mentally. You can make exercise a part of your
daily lifestyle. ____1____
Start small.
One of the reasons exercise programs fail is that we bite off more than we can chew. Instead
of telling yourself you're going to exercise today for an hour , tell yourself you're going to
exercise for five minutes._____2____
Break your exercise into parts.
No time for 30 minutes of exercise? No problem. Do three bouts（一回）of 10 minutes, or six bouts of five minutes each. _____3____ Just keep a running table of how many minutes you
exercise each day to ensure you're getting the minimum you desire.
______4____
Devices such as Fitbit activity trackers （跟踪系统） turn exercise into a game of sorts.
Each day, you can measure how many steps you've taken. Many people find this attractive to their competitive spirits, and they take great pains to meet their goals. The technology is there,
and it's very affordable.
Exercise with someone else.
_____5_____You don't want to let him or her down, even if you're feeling like you'd rather not work out. Find someone and start moving.You'll be able to inspire one another and celebrate your success.
A. Use technology to help.
B. Always stay active with exercise.
C. Yes, just five minutes and get up to walk around.
D. Here are four steps to help you do it effectively.
E. You'll still get the same time, no matter how you break it down.
F. Hig-tech products are becoming popular with many young people.
G. It is much more difficult to say " no" to exercise when you have an exercise partner.
【答案】：1—5 F B G E D
【解析】：本文是一篇说明文 ,介绍了跑步是最好的减肥方法。
1.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后"If you're not a runner yet'可知这里是介绍如果你已经开始跑步了, 就继续跑,故选F。
2.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后"because your resting energy expenditure stays elevated (高的)after you run .“可知,跑步后休息的时候, 能量消耗也是高的, 这里是当你休息的时候, 跑步也有用, 故选B。
3.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前running is a considerably faster way to burn those calories .“可知，这里是:大部分人在所给的范围跑步的距离是走路的三倍,故选G。
4.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前"little is actually required to go running . "可知，这里是:除了一双跑鞋,你什么都不需要.故选E.
5.考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后Fortunately , studies support what many runners have experienced on an anecdotal level-running can actually get you high . “可知跑步可以让人情绪高,这里是:减肥的第一规则是如果你不喜欢,你就不会坚持.故选D.
[点评]本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
IV.完形填空。
April 1st is a day on which，in some countries，people try to play tricks on others. If one _46_ in tricking someone，one laughs and says，“April Fool！”and then the person who is tricked _47 laughs，too.
One April 1st，a country bus was going along a _48 road when it slowed down and stopped. The driver 49 turned switches and pressed buttons，but nothing happened. _50 he turned to the passengers with a worried look on his face and said，“This poor bus is getting _51 .It isn't going as well as it used to. _52 only one thing to do if we want to get home today. I’ll _53 three. I want you all to 54 forward suddenly as hard as you can. This should 55 the bus started again but if it doesn't，I'm afraid there's nothing else I can do. Now，all of you lean back as _56 as you can in your seats and get 57 .”
The passengers all pressed back 58 their seats and waited anxiously.
Then the driver turned to the 59 and asked，“Are you ready？”The passengers hardly had enough 60 to answer，“Yes.”
“One！Two！Three！”counted the driver. The passengers all leant forward 61 and the bus started 62 at a great speed.
The passengers breathed more 63 and began to smile with relief. But their smile turned to 64 and laughter when the driver 65 cried，“April Fool！”
46．A.interested B．enjoys
C．succeeds D．joins
【解析】：succeed in doing sth.“成功地做某事”。由下文“...the person who is tricked...”可知是成功地捉弄了某人。
47．A.sadly B．hardly
C．usually D．also
【解析】：also与too语意重复，应排除D项；由too及上下文判断被捉弄的人也很高兴，排除A、B两项；“通常”被捉弄的人也会笑。
48．A.winding B．icecovered
C．high D．city
【解析】：由a country bus中的country一词可推知，道路应是“蜿蜒曲折的”。
49．A.anxiously B．happily
C．carelessly D．nervously
【解析】：由a worried look排除B、C两项；nervously“紧张不安地”；anxiously“焦急地”，更符合公共汽车受困后司机的心情，故选A项。
50．A.But B．Then
C．Because D．Therefore
【解析】：此处应用then表示司机一系列动作的顺承，上下句不存在因果或转折关系，故A、C、D三项均错。
51．A.more expensive B．old
C．poorer D．weak
【解析】：get old与poor bus吻合。突出车年久失修、容易出故障之意，符合语境。A项不符合语境；C项poorer与前面的poor重复；D项weak多形容人身体虚弱。
52．A.It is B．We have no choice
C．Have D．There is
【解析】：“There be＋sth.＋to do sth.”意为“有某事要做”，是常用固定句型。
53．A.ask B．shout
C．give D．count
【解析】：由后文中的“‘One！Two！Three' counted the driver.”可知选D项。
54．A.go B．lean
C．look D．get
【解析】：司机要求乘客前倾借助冲力发动车，由后文“The passengers all leant forward...”可选出B项。
55．A.get B．cause
C．allow D．lead
【解析】：get the bus started意为“发动公共汽车”，get sth. done意为“使……被做”，是常用句式。
56．A.far B．long
C．sudden D．hardly
【解析】：向后倾得越远，向前的冲力会越大，司机要求人们尽力向后倾，只有far符合语境。
57．A.started B．well
C．still D．ready
【解析】：司机让人们做好准备。get ready“做好准备”。
58．A.against B．on
C．to D．at
【解析】：乘客们都紧靠在座位上焦急地等待司机下指令。此处用against表示“靠着”。
59．A.back B．side
C．seat D．front
【解析】：司机刚才在回头对乘客讲话，现在要开动车，故转向“前方”。
60．A.strength B．force
C．breath D．interest
【解析】：人们正用力后倾，故呼吸不畅，几乎喘不过气来。
61．A.gently B．suddenly
C．happily D．carefully
【解析】：由前文司机要求乘客lean forward suddenly可知选B项。
62．A.up B．off
C．out D．forward
【解析】：start up“开动，发动”；start off“开始活动，开展起来”；start out“开始从事，着手干……”。
63．A.easily B．hard
C．comfortably D．often
【解析】：车开动了，人们松了一口气，呼吸“轻松”了。B、C、D三项不符合语境。
64．A.happiness B．trouble
C．surprise D．disappointment
【解析】：对于愚人节的把戏，人们往往又“惊”又喜，A项与laughter语意重复。
65．A.friendly B．aloud
C．quietly D．merrily
【解析】：由第一段及常识可知，成功愚弄别人的人很高兴，故选D项.
IV:读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
One time, the teachers at a school wanted to teach the students about airplanes. While all airplanes can fly, some are able to fly farther than others. This is because not all airplanes are built the same. For example, a fighter plane looks very different from a plane that people fly in when they want to go on a holiday. The teachers wondered how they could make students understand this.
Then, the science teacher, Mr Moose, decided that the school should have a paper airplane contest. The students would produce paper airplane designs. They would stand in line on the playground behind the school. The students would take turns throwing their airplanes. The student whose airplane went the farthest would win.
When Mr Moose announced the paper airplane contest to the students, they were very excited. A student named Paul, who was on the wrestling team, bragged (吹牛) to everyone else that his airplane would win. “I am the strongest，” Paul said. “So I will be able to throw my airplane the farthest.” However, while Paul was saying this, another student, Brian, was thinking how he could win. Brian did not play any sports and was not very strong. But he loved airplanes and really wanted to win the contest.
Brian realized what he had to do. He went to the store and bought a big stack of paper. When he got home, he took the paper into his backyard. He took a piece of paper and folded an airplane. It didn't go very far, so Brian took another sheet and folded another airplane and threw it. This airplane went a little farther. Brian kept folding different kinds of airplanes and throwing them. Some went very far and some did not. Finally, when Brian had used all the paper, he walked up to the airplane that had flown the farthest and picked it up.
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学校老师为了让学生们了解飞机，决定举办一场纸飞机比赛。Paul是学生中力气最大的，自认为一定能把飞机扔得最远。Brian虽力气不大，但酷爱飞机，他想赢得这场比赛，为此他多次进行尝试，最后选出了能飞得最远的设计。比赛结果最终怎样，让我们拭目以待。
The next day was the contest. All the students lined up. Everyone took turns. After a while, everyone had thrown except Paul and Brian. Paul went first. With a mighty yell, he launched the airplane into the sky. It went farther than any other airplane. Everyone clapped. Finally, it was Brian's turn. Brian took the airplane that he had picked up the day before. He walked up to the line and, with all his strength, he threw the plane. It went flying, farther and farther, until finally it landed—10 feet past Paul's plane! The whole school cheered. Brian was the winner. Mr Moose gave him a prize: a toy airplane.
Brian won because he tried out many solutions to the problem of how to make an airplane fly very far. He did this by testing out many different designs and comparing the results. When he found the design that worked best—the paper airplane that flew the farthest—he used it. Because Brian tried a lot of designs, he was able to make up for his lack of strength and beat Paul.
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