英语必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions学案设计

这是一份英语必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions学案设计，共24页。学案主要包含了词块积累，熟词生义，巧学助记，词源趣谈，知识延伸，易混辨析，句式解构，要点拾遗等内容，欢迎下载使用。

Reading for Writing 

Ⅰ. 必备单词: 根据提示填写单词
1. get our car battery charged　　　 给汽车电池充电
2. the National Gallery 国家展览馆
3. the amount of noise 大量的噪音
4. hard to approach the painting 难以靠近画作
5. beautiful natural landscape 美丽的自然风景
6. bread with butter and honey 奶油蜂蜜面包
7. the family ’s ancestors 家族的祖先
8. a senior position 一个高级职位
9. some of the snacks there 那里的一些零食
10. be eager to see 渴望看到
11. great writers and poets 伟大的作家和诗人
12. many green counties 草木葱茏的郡县
13. its rolling green hills 连绵起伏的青山
14. be dotted with sheep and cattle 牛羊点缀其中
15. the ocean waves 海浪
16. a village pub 乡村酒吧
17. a glass of wine 一杯葡萄酒
18. a local beer 一种当地的啤酒
19. Chinese traditions and customs 中国传统和风俗
20. a striking image 一幅引人注目的画
21. use sensory details 利用感官的细节
22. hear it announced 听到(……被)宣布
→an official announcement(n. ) 一则官方通知
23. a generous family 一个慷慨大方的家庭
→in return for your generosity(n. ) 对你慷慨的回报
24. greet the new day 欢迎新的一天
→a warm greeting(n. ) 热烈的欢迎
25. be very crowded 非常拥挤
→a large crowd(n. ) 一大群人
Ⅱ. 必备短语: 英译汉
1. fix one ’s eyes on　 集中注意力于
2. have an influence on 对……有影响
3. have a long history 有悠久历史
4. be dotted with 点缀着
5. make up 构成; 组成
6. introduce oneself 自我介绍
7. be likely to 可能
必备句式: 翻译课文原句, 并观察黑体部分
1. With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.
有了这些美景, 爱尔兰发展出包括音乐、舞蹈和餐饮在内的浓厚传统也就不足为奇了。
2. To have a chance of experiencing this, stop by a village pub and relax with a glass of wine or a local beer.
为了有机会体验到这一点, 可以在一个乡村酒吧停下来, 然后喝上一杯葡萄酒或当地的啤酒放松一下。
3. If you ’re lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too.
如果幸运的话, 你也许还可以欣赏到传统的音乐和舞蹈。
4. And if you introduce yourself to a friendly face, you are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand.
如果你把自己介绍给一个友好的面孔, 那么你更有可能亲身体验当地的文化和习俗。

描述喜欢的地方

框架宏观建构: 整体理解
1. Read the passage and fill in the blanks.
Point one
The importance of Ireland ’s beautiful countryside
Point two
Introduction of
the beautiful countryside
Peaceful landscape
Green (1)counties
The ocean coast
The quiet (2)morning
Point three
Ways to
experience its beauty
Enjoy local food
Enjoy (3)traditional music and dancing
Make (4)friends with the natives
2. What ’s the passage mainly about?
The passage is mainly about the beautiful scenery and its traditions of Ireland.  
文本微观剖析: 细节探究
Write down useful sentences for description of a place.
1. The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.  
2. And down by the sea, the roar of the ocean waves and cries of the seabirds make up the music of the coast.  
3. On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.  

1. 话题特点
景点介绍属于说明文。写作时要注意理清与写作主题有关的地理位置、人口、面积、气候等内容。文章结构为三层, 开头部分引出所需介绍的内容; 正文详细描述所需介绍的景点的特色; 结束部分表达出美好的祝愿。
2. 话题词汇
①have a great influence on　　对……有巨大的影响
②enjoy a delicious snack 享受美味的小吃
③be likely to do sth. 可能做某事
④experience local culture and customs
体验当地的文化和风俗习惯
⑤with the beautiful scenery and fresh air
有着美丽的风景和新鲜的空气
⑥have a total area of有……的总面积
⑦date from/back to 起源于/追溯到
⑧be made up of/ consist of由……组成/构成
⑨have a long history有悠久的历史
⑩be well-known/famous for/as 因为/作为……而出名
3. 话题句式
(1)I am more than delighted to know that you are going to pay a visit to China.
得知你要来中国参观, 我非常高兴。
(2)As far as I ’m concerned, Xi ’an is a good choice.
据我所知西安是一个好的选择。
(3)If you are lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too.
如果你幸运的话, 你也可以欣赏一些传统音乐和舞蹈。
(4)With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions.
有着如此的美景难怪爱尔兰发展出了(一些)浓厚的传统。
(5)I am writing to express my warm welcome and strongly recommend that you pay a visit to Xi ’an.
我正在写信表示我的热烈欢迎并且强烈推荐你去西安。
(6)Hope you ’ll have a good time in China.
希望你在中国玩得愉快。
(7)First, as a world-famous scenic spot, the Great Wall attracts millions of travelers every day.
首先, 作为一个世界文明的景点, 长城每天吸引了数百万人。
(8)As you enter the Forbidden City, you may be amazed at the grand halls and marvelous architecture rich in historical and cultural meaning.
当你进入紫禁城, 看到宏伟的大厅和富有历史和文化内涵的奇妙的建筑的时候, 你会非常震惊。

(2021·南昌高一检测)
　　安徽黄山被联合国教科文组织定为世界自然文化遗产。假设你是李华, 你的外国友人来安徽出差, 向你询问安徽旅游的建议, 请根据要点向外国友人John写封邮件, 简单介绍黄山(the Yellow Mountain)和其他事项。
1. 黄山位于安徽南部, 是中国著名的旅游胜地, 每年有大批中外游客前去旅游观光。(lie in)
2. 乘汽车去大约要花3个小时; 也可以乘火车或飞机去。
3. 登山便可领略其云海(the sea of clouds)、奇松(wondrous pines)、怪石(unique rocks)等秀丽的风景及清晨美丽的日出。
注意: 1. 词数80个左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 开头语和结束语已为你写好, 不计入总词数。
Dear John,
　　Having known that you are on business trip in Anhui now, I ’m writing to recommend the Yellow Mountain.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Yours truly,
Li Hua



完成句子
1. The Yellow Mountain is one of the most famous mountains in China.  
黄山是中国最著名的山之一。
2. The Yellow Mountain lies in the South of Anhui.  
黄山位于安徽南部。
3. While you are climbing the mountain, you can enjoy the sea of clouds, wondrous pines and unique rocks.  
当你爬山的时候, 你可以欣赏到云海, 奇松和怪石。
4. In the early morning, when the sun rises, the sky looks very beautiful.  
早晨, 当太阳升起的时候, 天空看起来非常美丽。
句式升级
5. 用非限制性定语从句连接句1、句2
The Yellow Mountain is one of the most famous mountains in China, which lies in the South of Anhui.  
6. 用省略句改造句3
While climbing the mountain, you can enjoy the sea of clouds, wondrous pines and unique rocks.  

Dear John,
　　Having known that you are on business trip in Anhui now, I ’m writing to recommend the Yellow Mountain.
As we all know, the Yellow Mountain is one of the most famous mountains in China, which lies in the South of Anhui. Every year, thousands of Chinese and foreigners pay a visit there. It ’s not far from here. It will take you about three hours to get there by bus. Besides, you can also go there by train or by plane. While climbing the mountain, you can enjoy the sea of clouds, wondrous pines and unique rocks. In the early morning, when the sun rises, the sky looks very beautiful.
It ’s really a nice place to visit. If you pay a visit to the Yellow Mountain, please call me. I am pleased to be your tour guide.
Yours truly,
Li Hua

1. charge 　n. 收费; 指控; 主管 vt. 收费; 控告; 充电
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged.
起初, 一份报纸的价钱很少是一便士——通常收费2～3美分。
【词块积累】
(1)in charge (of. . . )　　 主管/看管/负责(……)
take charge of. . . 负责/看管……
in/under the charge of. . . =in one ’s charge
在……的掌管之下
free of charge 免费
(2)charge v. 收费; 控告; 充电
charge(sb. )for sth. 为……(向某人)收费/要价
charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
①I am happy to know that your newspaper will need a new editor in charge of articles based on traditional Chinese culture. 很高兴得知贵报现正在招聘编辑, 负责撰写中国传统文化板块的文章。 
②The training class, which is held in our school hall, is free of charge, and will begin on June the first.  
在我们学校报告厅举办的培训课是免费的, 将于6月1号开始。
③Li believes that museums shouldn ’t charge visitors for admission while Su thinks otherwise.  
李同学认为博物馆不应该收取游客的门票钱, 而苏同学持相反观点。
④The lawyer charged the man with murder.
律师指控那个男人有谋杀罪。
【熟词生义】
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. (向前冲)
当雄(猩猩)拍打着胸脯向我冲过来时, 噪音震动了树木。
“the”有无大不同
in charge(of)表示“主管, 掌管”, 主语为主管者;
in the charge of表示“在……的掌管之下”, 主语为被掌管者。
【巧学助记】“charge”的故事
The old manager who was in charge of the company used to charge the workers for charging their cell phones. When the company is in the charge of the new manager, charging phones is free of charge.
掌管公司的老经理过去常常因为工人们给手机充电而收费。当公司在新经理的掌管之下时, 充电是免费的。
2. announce vt. 宣布; 通知; 声称
(经典例句)The government has announced plans to create one million new training places.
政府已经宣布开设一百万个新培训名额的计划。
【词块积累】
(1)announce sth. to sb. 　　　 向某人宣告某事
It is announced that. . . 据宣布……
(2)announcement n. 通告; 宣告
make an announcement 宣布
announcer n. 播音员; 广播员
①Our monitor announced to our class that an English Song Singing Competition would be held in the school.  
我们班长向我们班宣布一场英语歌唱比赛将在我们学校举办。
②It is announced that a new headmaster will be appointed in charge of the new school.  
据通告, 将会任命一名新校长负责这所新学校。
③(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Share library announcements on your social media. 在社交媒体上分享图书馆的通知。
看announce如何加宾语
announce的宾语只能是sth. 或that从句, 不能加双宾语, “向某人宣布或通知某人”应用announce to sb.
【词源趣谈】

3. amount n. 金额; 数量　v. 总计; 合计
(2021·浙江高考)It was tiring work, but I looked forward to the pay, even though I wasn ’t sure how much it would amount to. 这是一份累人的工作, 但我期待着报酬, 尽管我不确定总计有多少。
【词块积累】
(1)a large amount of/large amounts of 　 大量的
(2)in large/small amounts 大量地/少量地
①Modern computers can deal with large amounts of data very quickly. 现代计算机能迅速处理大量的信息资料。 
②This kind of new drug has been put into market in small amounts. 这种新药已经被少量地投入市场。 

a large amount of+不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数, large amounts of+不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用复数。
Large amounts of rubbish, such as leftover food, waste paper, used plastic bottles and batteries are produced every day. 大量垃圾每天被生产, 比如, 剩饭剩菜, 废纸, 废旧塑料瓶和电池。
【知识延伸】大量的“大量”
表示“大量的”的短语还有a large number of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of等。
(1)a great deal of, a large amount of只能修饰不可数名词;
(2)a large number of只能修饰可数名词复数;
(3)a lot of, plenty of既可以修饰可数名词, 也可以修饰不可数名词。
4. approach n. 方法; 途径; 接近vt. 接近; 接洽; 着手处理 vi. 靠近
(2021·全国乙卷)But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
但我最近发现了一项研究, 说明了为什么他的方法有效。
【词块积累】
(1)approach sb. /sth. 　　　 靠近/接近某人/某物
(2)(an) approach to (doing) sth. 接近, 近似; (做某事)的方法(途径)
with. . . approaching 在某事/物快到的时候
at the approach of 在……快到的时候
①(2020·浙江高考)In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.  
在Bellevue, 转换为可调节的信号灯在获得新方法的价值方面给我们上了一堂课。
②We would appreciate it if you could lecture on approaches to improving our psychological well-being.  
如果你能就提高我们的心理健康做讲座, 我们将不胜感激。
③With the Spring Festival approaching, I am planning to make full use of this vacation to prepare for College Entrance Examination.  
随着春节的临近, 我计划充分利用假期为高考做准备。

approach表示“接近, 近似; (做某事)的方法”时, 后接介词to。
【易混辨析】
approach
指待人接物或思考问题的方式、方法、态度。常用approach to sth.
means
指实现目的的任何手段, 或使用某种交通工具的方式。常用by means of
method
指有条理的、系统的办法, 特别指新的办法。常用method of
way
使用范围很广, 但较多地用在具体的事情上或口语中。常用way of doing/way to do
5. eager adj. 渴望的; 热切的
(2020·江苏高考)They feel eager to familiarize themselves with what is going on in China.
他们渴望使自己熟悉在中国发生的事。
【词块积累】
(1)be eager for. . . 　 渴望……
be eager to do. . . 渴望做某事
(2)eagerly adv. 急切地; 渴望地; 热心地
(3)eagerness n. 渴望; 热心
①I am eager for the job to be offered by your company and I am sure that I will satisfy all your requirements.  
我渴望你们公司提供的这个工作, 我确信我会满足你们所有的要求。
②I am glad to hear that you are eager to improve your Chinese and know more about Chinese culture.  
我很高兴听到你渴望提高你的汉语, 并更多地了解中国文化。
③Here I am eagerly writing to you for help to give me some approaches to learning English.
我急切地给你写信寻求帮助, 给我一些学习英语的方法。

be eager for=long for; desire for渴望……
be eager to do sth. =long to do sth. ; desire to do sth.
渴望做某事
6. crowd n. 人群; 一群人; 民众 vt. 挤满; 使……拥挤
(2020· 天津高考)We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd.
我们不再挑战传统。我们只是随大流。
【词块积累】
(1)a crowd of 一大群; 许多的
the crowd 人群
(2)crowd into 涌入; 挤入
(3)crowded adj. 拥挤的; 塞满的
be crowded with 挤满了; 充满
①A big crowd gathered around the tower to see the race and cheer them on.  
一大群人聚集在塔的周围观看比赛, 为选手助威。
②Many young people who were eager to see the famous singer star crowded into the stadium.  
很多渴望见到这位知名歌手的年轻人涌入体育馆。
③For one thing, the roads are so crowded that traffic jams can be seen everywhere.  
一方面, 道路如此拥挤以至于到处可以看到交通堵塞。
④The avenues of the area were crowded with visitors.  
这个地区的大街上挤满了参观者。
7. generous adj. 慷慨的; 大方的; 丰富的
(2019·北京高考)An A-team may require a balance—not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.
一只顶尖团队需要均衡——不仅需要顶尖队员, 还需要一些大方的普通队员。
【词块积累】
(1)be generous to/towards sb. 对某人宽宏大量
be generous with 用……很大方
(2)generously adv. 慷慨地; 宽大地
generosity n. 慷慨; 大方; 宽宏大量
①Without your generous support and patient guidance, we wouldn ’t have achieved such a great success.  
没有你慷慨的支持和耐心的指导, 我们不会取得这么大的成功。
②I ’m writing to apologize to you, wishing you could generously forgive my impolite behavior.  
我写信向你道歉, 希望你能宽宏大量, 原谅我的不礼貌行为。
③(2019·浙江高考)While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy.
尽管这段视频看起来像一个新的广告活动, 但是布里奇斯说他唯一的目标就是宣扬慷慨和同情。
8. With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.  
有了这些美景, 爱尔兰发展出包括音乐、舞蹈和餐饮在内的浓厚传统也就不足为奇了。
【句式解构】
　　句中it作形式主语, that引导的主语从句为真正主语, that仅起连接作用。
①(2018·北京高考)Jennifer DeBruyn says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.  
詹妮弗·德布鲁因说这种虫子能够分解聚乙烯并不令人意外。
②I believe she will understand you in time and it is certain that you two will be good friends in the future.  
我相信她终有一天会理解你, 你们两个在将来一定会成为好朋友。
③I think it is necessary that our school (should) start a swimming lesson to teach students the survival skill.  
我认为我们学校有必要开设游泳课, 教授学生们这一门生存技能。

(1)如若形容词为 important / necessary, good/wrong, natural. . . 表达一种要求, 命令或者责备时, 多使用虚拟语气(should +v. )。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情, 完全可以用一般的陈述语气。
(2)it作形式主语的常见句型有:
①It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句
这类过去分词有: announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等。
*It is reported that half of the university graduates can ’t find satisfying jobs.
据报道, 一半的大学毕业生无法找到令人满意的工作。
　　如果主句中的过去分词是表示请求, 建议, 命令等词, 如suggested/ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded等时, that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形), should 可以省略。
*It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off.
有人建议推迟会议。
②It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句
这类名词有: a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour, a question等。
*It is an honour that I have been invited to attend the meeting together with some scientists.
很荣幸我被邀请与一些科学家一起出席会议。
③It + 不及物动词 + 主语从句
这类不及物动词有: appear, seem, happen, matter等。译为“好像……/碰巧……”。例如:
*It happened that many of my classmates work in the same company with me.
碰巧我的很多同学与我在同一家公司工作。
【要点拾遗】
1. roll vi. &vt. (使) 翻滚; (使)滚动
n. 卷(轴); 翻滚; 面包圈; 名单
(教材原句)The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美, 郡县草木葱茏, 青山连绵起伏, 牛羊点缀其中, 堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
【词块积累】
roll out 铺开; 滚出
roll in 蜂拥而来
roll up 卷起; 滚滚上升
roll down 摇下; 滚下
roll one ’s eyes 翻白眼
rock and roll 摇滚乐
get the ball rolling 开始
①We ’ll give her some VIP treatment and roll out the red carpet.  
我们将给她一些贵宾待遇, 并铺上红地毯。
②She felt rather ashamed, and tears began to roll down her cheeks.  
她感到很惭愧, 眼泪开始顺着脸颊流下。
③No matter how ambitious the plan, you have to roll up your sleeves and start somewhere.  
无论你的计划多么宏伟, 你都需亲自卷起袖子, 从某一点着手。
【熟词生义】
The school principal announced the honor roll list.  
校长宣布了优等生名单。 (名单)
2. greet vt. 迎接; 问候
(教材原句)On a quiet morning in the mountains, feel the sun on your skin, and breathe in the sweet scent of fresh flowers while birds greet the new day with their morning song.
在山区一个宁静的早晨, 你可以感受到阳光照在你的皮肤上, 呼吸着鲜花的芬芳, 鸟儿用早晨的歌声来迎接新的一天。
【词块积累】
(1)greet sb. with. . . 　　 用……迎接某人/向某人打招呼
(2)greeting n. (常用复数形式)问候; 祝贺; 贺词
①In Latin America, people shake hands. But they also may greet with a kiss.  
在拉丁美洲, 人们会握手(表示问候), 但他们也会用亲吻的方式来问候对方。
②During the festival, we visit the elder and relatives to give our greetings and best wishes.  
在节日期间, 我们会拜访长者和亲戚, 送上我们的问候和美好祝愿。

Project: Introduce the traditions of a country/city/village
1. 阅读并分析海报的语篇结构。
Chinese Traditions
Enjoy the celebrations and food

　　All kinds of traditional Chinese festivals are waiting for you, including the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, the Dragon-boat Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival and so on. Through the festivals, you can know more about Chinese traditions. And you can also enjoy the traditional celebrations and delicious food. Welcome to China and join us for fun!
2. 把上面的海报改写成一篇演讲稿并在班会上宣读。
　　Hello, everyone. I ’m very pleased to introduce Chinese traditions to you. There are many traditions in China, especially some festivals, which are mainly celebrations. The Spring Festival is the most important festival in China, which is to celebrate the coming of the Chinese lunar new year(庆祝中国农历新年的到来) and the end of an old year. People set off fireworks and eat delicious jiaozi(放烟火吃美味饺子) with family members. Children always wear new clothes and get lucky money(得到压岁钱). And two weeks later is the Lantern Festival, when colorful lanterns will be hung(将会悬挂彩色灯笼) and people will eat sweet dumplings. The Dragon-boat festival is in honour of the ancient Chinese poet Qu Yuan(为了纪念中国古代诗人屈原), and dragon-boat matches will be attended and zongzi will be enjoyed on that day. On the Mid-Autumn Festival family members can admire the moon and taste mooncakes(赏月吃月饼) together. Besides tasty food and interesting celebrations, you can know more about Chinese traditions(更了解中国传统) through the festivals. Join us for fun!  
　　That ’s all. Thank you.

Ⅰ. 选词填空
gallery　landscape 　ancestor 　position 　poet
snack 　ocean 　custom 　ensure 　generous
1. Alice is considered as a generous girl, for she often helps others.
2. The Tomb-sweeping Day is a day when people offer sacrifice and honor the ancestors.
3. People celebrate it in memory of Qu Yuan, a Chinese poet.
4. He would sit on the sofa, eating snacks which contain much fat and sugar.
5. I can show visitors around the gallery and get them to know more about Chinese painting.
6. We could pay more attention to the protection of the ocean and do not pollute the sea as we used to do.
7. I ’ve read a lot about America and have much knowledge of America customs.
8. I found that a number of factories took the place of the mountains that were once a beautiful landscape.
9. Loving life and being friendly to others can ensure we live in harmony with others.  
10. I am writing to apply for the position you advertised on the Website.  
Ⅱ. 单句语法填空
1. Then we plan to visit our relatives to give them our greetings(greet).
2. A few months later, I saw an announcement(announce) about Jack being chosen to be president of the school book club.
3. The restaurant might charge consumers extra money for the packages.  
4. It is announced (announce) that the sports meet will be held next Tuesday.  
5. Large amounts of money have been raised(raise) to help the worker so far.  
6. You know me well, and I am eager for your idea and help.  
7. I appreciate your generosity(generous) in the matter.
8. If everyone drives little cars in the future, the streets will be less crowded(crowd).
9. With the winter vacation approaching(approach), it is time to relax myself.
10. The map was dotted(dot) with the names of small towns.  
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. Just then she saw a tear roll down Grandma ’s cheek.  
就在那时她看见一滴泪水滑过奶奶的脸颊。
2. When night falls, customers crowd into the restaurants and bars.  
夜幕降临后, 顾客们会涌进饭馆、酒吧。
3. As the fiftieth Earth Day approaches, our school is planning to hold a poster exhibition related to it.  
随着第五十个地球日的临近, 我们学校计划举办一场与之相关的海报展览。
4. It is important that students have good self-esteem in speaking English.  
对学生来说在说英语方面有自尊心是很重要的。
5. I feel greatly honored to be in charge of your visit to our school next week.  
我感到很荣幸负责你下周到我校的参观。

单
词
1. ancestor ________n. 祖宗; 祖先
2. battle n. &vt. &vi. 战役; 搏斗; 奋斗
3. descendant n. 后裔; 后代; 子孙
4. approach n. &vt. &vi. 方法; 途径; 接近
5. butter n. &vt. 黄油; 奶油; 涂黄油于
6. dot n. &vt. 点; 小(圆)点; 加点; 遍布
7. amount n. 金额; 数量
8. philosophy n. 哲学
9. feast n. 盛宴; 宴会; 节日
10. gallery n. (艺术作品的)展览馆; 画廊
11. honey n. 蜂蜜
12. eager adj. 热切的; 渴望的
13. individual n. &adj. 单独的; 个别的; 个人
14. ensure vt. 保证; 确保; 担保
15. conquer vt. 占领; 征服; 控制
16. transition n. 过渡; 转变; 变迁
17. courtyard n. 庭院; 院子
18. Confucius n. 孔子
19. currency n. 货币
20. kingdom n. 王国; 领域
21. landscape n. (陆上, 尤指乡村的)景色
22. military adj. 军事的; 军用的
23. nearby adj. &adv. 附近的; 邻近的; 在附近
24. position n. 位置; 姿态; 职位
25. poet　　　n. 诗人
26. striking adj. 引人注目的; 显著的
27. location n. 地方; 地点; 位置
28. custom n. 风俗; 习俗; 习惯
29. roll n. &vt. &vi. (使)翻滚; (使)滚动; 卷(轴); 翻滚
30. ocean n. 大海; 海洋
31. charge n. &vt. 收费; 指控; 主管; 充电
32. sensory adj. 感觉的; 感官的
33. scent n. 气味; 气息
34. chief n. &adj. 最重要的; 最高级别的; 首领
35. puzzle n. 谜; 智力游戏; 疑问vt. 迷惑; 使困惑→ puzzled adj. 困惑的, 茫然的→ puzzling adj. 令人困惑的
36. defend vt. 保护; 保卫→ defence n. 防御; 保卫
37. legal adj. 法律的; 合法的→ legally adv. 不合法地; 非法地→ illegal adj. 不合法的; 非法的
38. surround vt. 围绕; 包围→ surrounding adj. 周围的; 附近的→ surroundings n. 环境
39. evident adj. 明显的; 明白的→ evidence n. 证据; 证明
40. achieve v. 完成; 实现→ achievement n. 成就; 成绩; 达到
41. fascinate vt. 迷住; 使着迷→ fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的; 迷人的→ fascinated adj. 入迷的→ fascination n. 魅力; 入迷
42. announce vt. 宣布; 通知; 声称→ announcement n. 宣告, 公告
43. generous adj. 慷慨的; 大方的; 丰富的→ generosity n. 慷慨; 大方
44. greet vt. 问候; 迎接→ greeting(s) n. 招呼; 问候
45. crowd n. 人群; 一群人; 民众vt. 挤满; 使……拥挤→ crowded adj. 拥挤的
短
语
1. join. . . to. . . 把……和……连接或联结起来
2. break away (from sb. /sth. ) 脱离; 背叛; 逃脱
3. belong to 属于
4. as well as 同(一样也); 和; 还
5. keep your eyes open(for) 留心; 留意
6. a little bit 一点
7. result in 导致
8. refer to 提到; 涉及
9. work together 合作
10. take over 接管
11. leave behind 留下
12. date back to 追溯
13. fix one ’s eyes on 集中注意力于
14. have an influence on 对……有影响
15. have a long history 有悠久历史
16. be dotted with 点缀着
17. make up 构成; 组成
18. introduce oneself 自我介绍
19. be likely to 可能
句
式
结
构
1. if any如果有的话
So what is the difference between them, if any?
如果有区别的话, 那么它们之间有什么区别?
2. the way后跟定语从句
They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses.
他们创造了英语的起源, 并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。
3. have sth. done 使……被……
They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. 他们在英格兰各地建造了城堡, 并对法律制度进行了修改。
4. it is+adj. +that从句
With all this beauty, it is not surprising that Ireland has developed strong traditions that include music, dancing, and dining.
有了这些美景, 爱尔兰发展出包括音乐、舞蹈和餐饮在内的浓厚传统也就不足为奇了。
5. if引导的条件状语从句
If you ’re lucky, you might be able to enjoy some traditional music and dancing, too.
如果幸运的话, 你也许还可以欣赏到传统的音乐和舞蹈。

Twilight(excerpt Ⅰ)
Stephenie Meyer
Chapter 4 Invitations
　　In my dream it was very dark, and what dim light there was seemed to be radiating from Edward ’s skin. I couldn ’t see his face, just his back as he walked away from me, leaving me in the blackness. No matter how fast I ran, I couldn ’t catch up to him; no matter how loud I called, he never turned. Troubled, I woke in the middle of the night and couldn ’t sleep again for what seemed like a very long time. After that, he was in my dreams nearly every night, but always on the periphery, never within reach.  
　　The month that followed the accident was uneasy, tense, and, at first, embarrassing.
　　To my dismay, I found myself the center of attention for the rest of that week. Tyler Crowley was impossible, following me around, obsessed with making amends to me somehow. I tried to convince him what I wanted more than anything else was for him to forget all about it — especially since nothing had actually happened to me — but he remained insistent. He followed me between classes and sat at our now-crowded lunch table. Mike and Eric were even less friendly toward him than they were to each other, which made me worry that I ’d gained another unwelcome fan.
　　No one seemed concerned about Edward, though I explained over and over that he was the hero — how he had pulled me out of the way and had nearly been crushed, too. I tried to be convincing. Jessica, Mike, Eric, and everyone else always commented that they hadn ’t even seen him there till the van was pulled away.
　　I wondered to myself why no one else had seen him standing so far away, before he was suddenly, impossibly saving my life. With chagrin, I realized the probable cause — no one else was as aware of Edward as I always was. No one else watched him the way I did. How pitiful.
　　Edward was never surrounded by crowds of curious bystanders eager for his firsthand account. People avoided him as usual. The Cullens and the Hales sat at the same table as always, not eating, talking only among themselves. None of them, especially Edward, glanced my way anymore.
　　When he sat next to me in class, as far from me as the table would allow, he seemed totally unaware of my presence. Only now and then, when his fists would suddenly ball up — skin stretched even whiter over the bones— did I wonder if he wasn ’t quite as oblivious as he appeared.
　　He wished he hadn ’t pulled me from the path of Tyler ’s van — there was no other conclusion I could come to.
　　I wanted very much to talk to him, and the day after the accident I tried. The last time I ’d seen him, outside the ER, we ’d both been so furious. I still was angry that he wouldn ’t trust me with the truth, even though I was keeping my part of the bargain flawlessly. But he had in fact saved my life, no matter how he ’d done it. And, overnight, the heat of my anger faded into awed gratitude.
导语: 《暮光之城》是美国作家斯蒂芬妮·梅尔写的系列小说, 包括《暮色》、《新月》、《月食》、《破晓》以及番外《布里·坦纳第二次短暂生命》、《暮色重生》和《午夜阳光》。《暮光之城》系列以伊莎贝拉·斯旺和爱德华·卡伦一对苦命鸳鸯的情感纠葛为主线, 融合了吸血鬼传说、狼人故事、校园生活、恐怖悬念、喜剧冒险等各种元素, 而凄美动人的爱情则是全书“最强烈的情绪”。

1. radiate vt. 发光; 射出
2. periphery n. 圆周; 周界线
3. chagrin n. 懊恼; 悔恨
4. oblivious adj. 忘记的; 失去所有记忆的
5. flawlessly adv. 无瑕疵地

排比句式整齐而有气势, 又不会使人感到单调。本部分节选的内容No matter how fast I ran, I couldn ’t catch up to him; no matter how loud I called, he never turned. 就使用了排比句。
【情境应用】
1. Now is the time to forget everything in the past. Now is the time to get down to the business. Now is the time to work hard for the future.  
现在是忘掉过去一切的时候了。现在是言归正传的时候了。现在是为未来而奋斗的时候了。
2. We believe that the poverty will be eliminated(消除), that the gap between rich and poor will be wiped out, and that one day peace will be everywhere in the world.  
我们相信贫穷会消失, 贫富差距会削除, 终有一天世界各地到处都是和平。
名著译文:
《暮光之城》(节选1)
第四章　邀约
　　在我的梦境里, 四下里很暗, 仅有的微弱的光芒似乎是从爱德华的肌肤上散发出来的。我看不见他的脸, 只能看见他的背影。他正在离我而去, 把我留在黑暗中。不管我跑得多快, 我都追不上他。不管我喊得多响, 他都没有回头。我心绪不宁地在半夜醒来, 直到过了很久才能再次睡着。从那以后, 他几乎每天晚上都出现在我的梦里, 但总是离我远远地, 在我无法触及的地方。
那场事故之后的一个月, 充满了紧张和不安, 而最初那几天, 还让人发窘。
那一周余下的几天里, 我沮丧地发现, 自己成为了众人注意的焦点。泰勒·克劳利简直让人无法容忍, 无论我上哪里去他都跟着我, 喋喋不休地说着要设法补偿我。我试图让他明白, 我什么都不需要, 只想让他把这一切忘掉——尤其在我没有受到任何伤害的前提下——但他仍然固执己见。每节课下课后他都跟在我后面, 午餐时还坐到了我们现在已经极其拥挤的桌子旁。迈克和埃里克对他很不友好, 甚至超过了对彼此的敌意。这让我很是苦恼: 我又多了一个不受欢迎的仰慕者。
似乎没人想去关心一下爱德华, 尽管我一次又一次地解释说他是我的救命恩人——他怎样把我拉到一旁, 差点也被撞上了。我努力想要说服大家。但杰西卡, 迈克, 埃里克, 和别人一样, 都说在货车被拉开以前根本没有看到爱德华在那里。
我问我自己, 为什么根本没人注意到, 在他突然地、几乎不可能地把我救下来以前, 他站在那么远的地方。我懊恼地意识到了问题所在——没有人像我那样, 总在注意着爱德华。除了我, 没有任何人会那样地注视着他。多么可悲的发现。
爱德华从不曾被一群好奇的旁观者围着, 渴望着听他描述他的第一手消息。人们像往常一样躲着他。卡伦兄妹和黑尔双胞胎总是坐在同一张桌子旁, 什么也不吃, 只跟自己人说话。他们, 尤其是爱德华, 再也不曾看我一眼。
课堂上, 当他坐在我旁边时, 总是坐到桌子所能容许的离我最远的地方, 似乎完全没有注意到我的存在。只有在他的拳头时不时地收紧——绷紧的肌肤几乎要比骨头还白——的时候, 我才会怀疑他是不是真的像他表现的那样健忘。
他正巴不得当初没有把我从泰勒的车轮下拉开——我没有别的结论。
我很想跟他说话, 而在事故发生后的第二天我尝试过了。上一次我在急诊室外见到他的时候, 我们的反应都太激烈了。我还是很生气, 因为他始终不肯信任我, 不肯把真相告诉我, 尽管我无可挑剔地单方面遵守了协议。但他确实救了我的命, 不管他是怎么做到的。所以, 经过一夜之后, 我的满腔怒火终于消失殆尽, 化为了由衷的感激之情。