第02讲-设空在段中-2022年高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略(全国通用)

这是一份第02讲-设空在段中-2022年高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略(全国通用)，共14页。
第02讲 设空在段中-2022年高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略(全国通用)段中设空的题目即为主题句的展开句。此种题要注意分析前后的逻辑性和内容的连贯性，注意句子之间的衔接手法。当设空在段中时，通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的街接关系。常见的逻辑关系包括7类:总分关系、解释关系、转折关系, 因果关系、递进关系，并列关系和例证关系。【增分策略】1. 逻辑关系线索法2. 高频词复现线索法词汇复现法是为了文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段,即文中对同一概念的描述在不同位置反复出现。在做题时注意选项中出现的与正文中意思相同相近或相反的词汇。3. 代词指代线索法代词出现的频率高是英语表达的特点。使用代词主要是为了避免重复,用于指代前面提到的人或物,有时也用于指代前面提到的名词或概念。代词指代一定要注意两种情况,一是选项中的代词要特别关注, 二是空后的句子中的代词要特别关注。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。 4. 相似结构线索法阅读七选五的体裁大多是说明文,文章常采用总分或总分总形式。第一段说明文章的主题,下面几段从不同角度说明问题,最后总结,各段之间多是平行关系。在文章句式的使用上,多出现相似句型。有时候设空是句子的某一部分,所以可以借助相似句型和句子结构解题。 【提升能力】 技法1：逻辑关系线索法1.并列关系(2020·新高考全国卷) Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.   19  And like everything else in life, that takes practice. Remember. even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis. A. Do the opposite.B. You want to be an effective public speaker. C. You don't need to apologize for a minor slip.D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more. E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.第一步:确定考查题型特点(段中句)。第二步:由空前一句“Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.”及空后一句“And...takes practice.”可以锁定B选项为正确答案，它们之间构成并列关系。第三步:代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为B。2. 顺承关系(2020·新课标全国卷III) A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36． And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopeful presents.A．This isn’t usual though.B．It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.C．You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.D．If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.第一步:确定考查题型特点(段中句)。第二步:上句 The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句为顺承，故选E。第三步:代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为E。3. 转折关系(2021·浙江卷1月) Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.              32   Any small interruption----a price check，a chatty customer-can have downstream effects， holding up an entire line. A. Why does this always seem to happen to you?B. So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines? C. Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.D. The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.E. How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?F. With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.G. But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy. 第一步:确定考查题型特点(段中句)。第二步:空前提到食品杂货店希望将结账延误降到最低,空后提到任何小小的干扰都会拖慢整个队伍,两者形成转折，空处应明确转折关系，故G项符合语境。G项中的busy呼应下文的“interruption”"holding              up an entire line”,“but”提示转折关系。第三步:代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为G。4. 因果关系(2021·新课标全国卷II)  My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____So the first thing  we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.A. Not all the customers are tourists.B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. 第一步确定考查题型特点(段中句)。第二步上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结果，因此空格处需要填原因；根据F项“Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。第三步代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为E。5. 解释关系(2021·全国卷甲卷) ●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.A. Less people than thatB. Hold a clothing swapC. If two people are competingD. Just keep music playing throughoutE. Donate whatever clothes are left overF Have everyone put their clothes in the right spotsG. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition 第一步确定考查题型特点(段中句)。第二步根据上文“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.”（把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方。）指出衣服应该归类放置。下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on.”（在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的样子。）提到了放置镜子的意义。由此可见，本段讲述的是房间里的一些具体的做法，所以空白处一样要提出人们在房间里要做什么。F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.（让每个人的衣服都放在相应的位置上。）”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，符合语境。故选F项。第三步代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为E。 6. 举例关系（2016·全国卷I）There are three main types of cryptography.  37   For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels" spell out the hidden message “Meet me”.A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.第一步:确定考查题型特点(段中句)。第二步:设空处前一句的句意为“有三种主要的密码术”。空后接着就给出一个例子“你可以通过拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息”。第三步:代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为E。 技法2 高频词复现法(2020·全国Ⅱ卷,片段) In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play.36.The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally. It's been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear.   37,   encouraging better and more frequent communication.A. Messages with emojis feel more conversationalB. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally 第一步:确定考查形式(段中句)。第二步:分析上下文关系,找关键信息词。本题可利用词汇复现法解题。空前一句中的 emojis与选项A中的 emojis相呼应,且“more conversational”也与空后的“more frequent communication”相呼应。句意:使用表情符号可以增加幽默感和感情,保持明确的意图。带有表情符号的信息让人感觉更适合交谈,使人更愿意更好更频繁地交流。经分析可知正确选项。第三步:代入选项,通读全文,确定答案为A。技法3 代词指代线索法(2020·全国Ⅲ卷,片段)  38   This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes.39.This isn't usual though.A. This isn't usual though.B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.D. If you're lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place. 第一步:确定考查题型特点(段中句)。第二步:分析上下文关系,找关键信息词。利用代词指代法锁定答案。空后的This 是关键信息词。根据空后一句“This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn't a lot of food served."可知,由于在乔迁聚会时供应的食物不多,这一点通常会受到欢迎。由此可判断出This是指空处内容,应与“食物”有关,由此可知正确选项应为 C。第三步:代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为C。技法4 相似结构线索法(2019·全国Ⅱ卷,片段) 37  More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals. A. This can affect your work.B. So how should you motivate yourself?C. However, this should not discourage you. D. So why should we try to set specific goals? E. They can change according to circumstances.F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.第一步:确定考查题型特点(段首句)。第二步:分析上下文关系,找关键信息词。设空处后一句是个问句，由此可知,设空处也应是一个问句,故将答案锁定在B项和D项之间。B项中的“how should you..."与空后一句中的“how should you..."在结构和语义上均保持一致,而D项中的why与后文内容无关。故选B。第三步:代入选项,阅读全文,确定答案为B。【刷名校真题】语法填空练习学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、七选五Being Left-handed in a Right-handed WorldThe world is designed for right-handed people, but why does a tenth of the population prefer the left? ____1____.The answer to it remains a bit of a mystery. Since scientists have noticed that left-handedness tends to run in families, it's assumed that left-handedness has a genetic(基因的) component to it.     ___2___. In fact, identical twins, who share the same genes, can sometimes prefer to use different hands. There are also plenty of theories on what else might determine which hand you write with, but many experts believe that it's kind of random.Historically, the left side and left-handedness have been considered a negative thing by many cultures. ____3____. In some areas, the left hand became known as the "unclean" hand. In many religions, the right hand of God is the favored hand. For example, Jesus sits at God's right side. God's left hand, however, is the hand of judgement. Various activities and experiences become rude or even signs of bad luck when the left hand becomes involved. In some parts of Scotland, it is considered bad luck to meet a left-handed person at the start of a journey. ____4____. A person giving directions will put their left hand behind them and even physically try to point with their right hand if necessary. In some Asian countries, eating with the left hand is considered impolite.___5___. People come to realize that left-handedness is natural. People even noticed that many famous people are left-handed, including Benjamin Franklin, Leonardo Da Vinci, and Charlie Chaplin. Some researchers find out that lefties are more creative and can deal with abstract thinking better. The left-handedness is more easily adaptable to the right-handed world as well. Being left-handed is no longer a sad story now; instead, it is a wonderful gift or maybe it is something you should take pride in.A．In other words, left-handers are born that way.B．Left-handedness used to be regarded as a disability.C．The unfavorable associations of the use of the left hand among cultures are varied.D．Why do they prefer to use their left hand rather than their right hand for routine activities?E．Why do some parents force their left-handed children to become right-handed when writing?F．In Ghana, pointing, gesturing, giving or receiving items with the left hand is considered rude.G．Fortunately, nowadays most societies and cultures no longer reject left-handedness like before.【来源】陕西省宝鸡中学、西安三中等五校2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次联考英语试题【答案】1．D2．A3．C4．F5．G【解析】【分析】试题分析: 文章主要讲述了左撇子及其形成原因，并讲述了往昔人们对于左撇子的态度和现在的改变。1．D 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：这个世界是为右手的人设计的，但是为什么十分之一的人更倾向于左撇子。所以这里选D（为什么他们更喜欢使用左手而不是右手用于日常生活）与上下文一致。2．A 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：据说左撇子的人有基因的成分在里面；空后的意思是：事实上有同样基因的双胞胎更倾向于使用不同的手。所以这里选A（换句话说，左撇子出生就是那样）与上下文一致。3．C 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：在许多文化背景下，左撇子被认为是消极的，不好的；空后的意思是：在一些地区，左手被认为是不干净的手。所以这里选C（在各种文化中左手使用的不好的联想是不同的）与上下文一致。4．F 考查对上下文语境的理解。空前的意思是：在苏格兰，常认为在旅途开始的时候遇到一个左撇子是倒霉的。空后的意思是：一个指方向的人会把他的左手放在背后，甚至如果需要的话会用他们的右手指。所以这里选F（在加纳，用左手指点、做姿势、给予甚至接受被认为是粗鲁的）与上下文一致。5．G 考查对上下文语境的理解。空后的意思是：人们意识到了左撇子很自然。所以这里选G（幸运的是，现在许多社会和文化不再像以前一样反对左撇子了）与上下文一致。考点：考查对文章内容和结构的整体理解和上下文逻辑关系的把握。When you think about a deadly animal, you may think of a shark, a lion, or even an elephant. However, the truth is that the deadliest animal in the world is much smaller and more annoying. ___6___And it feeds on human blood, transporting numerous diseases from one person to the next. Figure it out, yet? Yes, it's the mosquito.The numbers don't lie: According to the World Health Organization, more than 725, 000 people worldwide are killed by mosquito-borne diseases each year. These diseases include malaria(疟疾） dengue fever, yellow fever, and encephalitis, __7__"Being able to adapt easily to new environments is one of the reasons why mosquitoes are the most deadly, "Bums Blackwell, an expert in pest control said.__8__Mosquitoes have learned to lay eggs in as little as a few small drops of water and each female mosquito can lay between 50 and 500 eggs once. Their populations also reach the highest point at different times in different areas all over the world, making it nearly impossible to avoid being bitten__9__In areas where there' re too many mosquitoes, local authorities try to control the population through routine pesticide(杀虫剂）applications. "We should protect ourselves by avoiding places where there is too much water, "said Bernard Cohen, MD, a professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. ___10___ Wear bug repellent(驱虫剂）that contains DEET(up to 30 percent)when heading outdoors, and reapply it about every four hours.A．Most of the diseases can be cured in a short time.B．There are more than 100 varieties of this thing on earth.C．He also stresses that a little protection will go a long way.D．And every bite increases the risk of getting a serious disease.E．Mosquitoes take much interest in getting in touch with children.F．Malaria is the most horrible, killing at least 600, 000 people a year.G．Another reason the insects are so deadly is that they produce quickly.【来源】江西省九江第一中学2020-2021学年高三上学期第三次调研英语试题【答案】6．B7．F8．G9．D10．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍世界上最致命的小动物——蚊子。它以人类血液为食，将多种疾病从一个人传染给另一个人。6．根据上文提示“然而，事实是，世界上最致命的动物要小得多，也更令人讨厌。”再根据下文提示“它以人类血液为食，将多种疾病从一个人传染给另一个人。”承接上下文，B.   There are more than 100 varieties of this thing on earth.（地球上有100多种这种东西。）切题。故选B。7．根据前半句提示“这些疾病包括疟疾、登革热、黄热病和脑炎，”承接上半句，F项Malaria is the most horrible, killing at least 600, 000 people a year.（疟疾是最可怕的，每年造成至少60万人死亡。）切题。故选F。8．根据下文提示“蚊子已经学会在几滴小水滴中产卵，每只雌蚊子一次可以产卵50到500枚。”承接下文，G项Another reason the insects are so deadly is that they produce quickly.（这种昆虫如此致命的另一个原因是它们繁殖迅速。）切题。故选G。9．根据上文提示“在世界各地的不同地区，它们的数量在不同时期达到最高点，这使得它们几乎不可能避免被叮咬。”承接上文，D项And every bite increases the risk of getting a serious disease.（每咬一口都会增加患严重疾病的风险。）切题。故选D。10．根据上文提示“我们应该避免去那些水太多的地方来保护自己，”约翰霍普金斯大学医学院的医学博士伯纳德·科恩教授说。再根据下文提示“出门时使用含有避蚊胺(高达30%)的驱虫剂，大约每四个小时重复使用一次。”承接上下文，C项He also stresses that a little protection will go a long way.（他还强调，一点小小的保护将大有帮助。）切题。故选C。How to Achieve a Positive AttitudeOver the last decade, researchers have identified practices that can help you achieve and sustain a positive attitude towards your future. ____11____ The earlier in life you adopt these practices, the greater the potential impact on the quality, and possibly length, of your life.Enjoy pleasure. Focus your attention on something pleasing as it occurs, consciously enjoying the experience as it unfolds. ____12____ Everyday pleasures, on the other hand, can slip by without much notice unless they disappear or seem threatened. Slow down and focus. You will enjoy things more, whether a meal or a visit with a friend.Practice gratitude. Gratitude is a thankful appreciation for what you receive. Try keeping a gratitude journal, in which you regularly write down things for which you are grateful. ____13____ As you write, be specific and try to relieve the feeling as you remember what each thing means to you.Cultivate mindfulness. Mindfulness is generally acquired by training the mind to focus its attention on the present moment in a systematic way, accepting whatever arises. Being mindful helps you become fully engaged in the on-hand activities and creates a greater capacity to deal with adverse events. ____14________15____ If it’s normal to experience a sense of loss and even grief if a relationship breaks, your children leave home, or you lose a job or retire. View an important life change, no matter how painful, as a new challenge or opportunity. For example, if you're between jobs or retired, look for volunteer opportunities that would benefit from your professional skills. If you miss having children in your life, consider coaching or tutoring.A．Emphasize the positive.B．Here are a few suggestions.C．Maintain a sense of purpose.D．Feeling appreciated helps you sustain a positive attitude.E．Doing so will help you go through your days with greater appreciation.F．Most people prefer special moments, such as an outing day or a vacation.G．Doing this, you may have less worry about the future or regret over the past.【来源】山东师范大学附属中学2021届高三打靶模拟考试英语试题【答案】11．B12．F13．E14．G15．C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了拥有积极态度的方法。11．根据上文“Over the last decade, researchers have identified practices that can help you achieve and sustain a positive attitude towards your future.(在过去的十年里，研究人员发现了一些可以帮助你实现并保持对未来的积极态度的实践)”以及后文“The earlier in life you adopt these practices, the greater the potential impact on the quality, and possibly length, of your life.(你越早采用这些方法，对你生命质量和寿命的潜在影响就越大)”可知，上文提到了研究人员发现关于保持对未来的积极态度的实践，后文则提到了方法，可知本句旨在提出这些方法，故B选项“这里有一些建议”符合语境，故选B。12．根据上文“Enjoy pleasure. Focus your attention on something pleasing as it occurs, consciously enjoying the experience as it unfolds.(享受快乐。把你的注意力集中在令人愉快的事情上，当它发生的时候，有意识地享受体验)”以及后文“Everyday pleasures, on the other hand, can slip by without much notice unless they disappear or seem threatened. Slow down and focus. You will enjoy things more, whether a meal or a visit with a friend.(另一方面，日常的乐趣可以悄无声息地溜走，除非它们消失了或受到了威胁。放慢速度，集中注意力。你会享受更多的事情，无论是吃饭还是拜访朋友)”可知，上文提到注意力集中在令人愉快的事情上，后文则提到了日常的快乐，可推测本句是在说明特殊的快乐时刻。故F选项“大多数人喜欢特殊的时刻，如郊游或假期”符合语境，故选F。13．根据上文“Practice gratitude. Gratitude is a thankful appreciation for what you receive. Try keeping a gratitude journal, in which you regularly write down things for which you are grateful.(练习感恩。感恩是对你所得到的感恩之情。 试着写感恩日记，定期写下你感激的事情)”可知，上文提到写下令自己感激的事情，可推测本句承接上文说明这么做的原因：帮助你以更大的感激度过每一天，E选项中appreciation对应上文中appreciation。故E选项“这样做会帮助你以更大的感激度过每一天”符合语境，故选E。14．根据上文“Cultivate mindfulness. Mindfulness is generally acquired by training the mind to focus its attention on the present moment in a systematic way, accepting whatever arises. Being mindful helps you become fully engaged in the on-hand activities and creates a greater capacity to deal with adverse events.(培养专注。专注通常是通过训练头脑以一种系统的方式将注意力集中在当前时刻，接受任何产生的东西而获得的。专注帮助你完全投入到手头的活动中，并创造更大的能力来处理不利事件)”可知，上文提到了专注可以有助于完全投入到手头的活动中，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这一做法的结果：减少对未来的担忧或对过去的遗憾。故G选项“这样做，你可能会减少对未来的担忧或对过去的遗憾”符合语境，故选G。15．根据后文“If it’s normal to experience a sense of loss and even grief if a relationship breaks, your children leave home, or you lose a job or retire. View an important life change, no matter how painful, as a new challenge or opportunity. For example, if you're between jobs or retired, look for volunteer opportunities that would benefit from your professional skills. If you miss having children in your life, consider coaching or tutoring.(如果感情破裂，孩子离家出走，失业或退休，你会感到失落甚至悲伤，这是正常的。把生活中重要的变化，无论多么痛苦，看作是一个新的挑战或机会。例如，如果你正在找工作或已经退休，找一些能让你的专业技能受益的志愿者机会。如果你错过了生孩子的机会，可以考虑做家教)”可知，后文提到把变化当做机会，寻求其他的工作机会，即保持目标感。故C选项“保持目标感”符合语境，故选C。