第01讲-完形填空之记叙文-2022年高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略(全国通用)

这是一份第01讲-完形填空之记叙文-2022年高考英语二轮复习大提升增分策略(全国通用)，共13页。
完形填空的文章体裁以记叙文为主,常见的故事基本上可分为餐厅故事、师生关系、家庭生活和个人奋斗等类型。从叙事方式来看,故事内容基本都遵循“起一承一转一合”的常见记叙文写作思路。从正负态度来解释,则可分为两种模式:一种为“负一”,即故事开始就是“坏事”,后来转变为“好事”;另一种是“正一负一正”,即文章开始平静祥和,中间经历挫折、困难,最终迎来光明美好的结局。两种模式的共同点在于,无论故事如何开篇,过程都会经历曲折,结尾必然收获美好、充满希望。
总之,完形填空的选材基本都是积极向上、引人向善的文章。了解这些有助于考生理解文章内容、把握主人公情感走向,进而帮助解题。
【增分策略】
策略1 利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段,它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念,使整篇文章上下连贯,有机地衔接在一起因此,考生可根据文章的具体情况,理解文章的结构和语境利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。
1.原词复现
【例】[2020·全国卷I]One day they’ll 47. wake up and discver that everything they've always knwn abut windws is a 48.
I wnder if 49. parents shuld always tell the truth n matter the 50. cnsequences. I have a very strng 51. fear that the lie we're telling is ding 52. spiritual damage t ur children.
B. lie C.fantasy D. fact
答案 B
分析： 本起可以利用原词复现解题。由下文的“I have a very strng 51. fear that the lie... ”并结合语境可知正确选项。
2.同义复现
【例】[2021·3月天津卷] Fr mst peple,having things stlen feels like an ffence. Rbbie Pruitt admitted that he gt 16 when he discvered the theft f his muntain bike last September. But sn enugh, his17. emtins tk a turn. After letting g f his anger and frustratin, he fund himself n a rad t sympathy 18. instead.
B.mad C.curius D.frightened
答案 B
分析:本题可以利用同义复现解题。根据下文的“After letting g f his anger and frustratin”可知此处和“anger”“frustratin”是同义词，由此可知正确选项。
3.反义复现
【例】 [2021·新高考I卷]Our 48.rles in the factry were simple: Place cakes n a mving belt. Attach icing
(糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nse. 49.Remve bunny frm the belt. This was_50_ than it sunds.51. Slw dwn a bit and the cakes pile up. As I tld my parents at dinner that first night,it was all a little mre high- pressure than I'd 52. expected.
B.better C.lnger D.cheaper
答案 A
分析:本题可以利用反义复现解题。尽管前文提到了“Our48. rles in the factry were simple",根据下文中的“the cakes pile up""a little mre high-pressure"可知，作者想表达实际上作者他们的工作并不像听上去那么简单，harder与 simple构成反义复现。
4.代词复现
【例】[2016·全国卷I]Once fire and emergency peple arrived,Larry and the ther man 56.backed ff and let them g t wrk. Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed r 58. free t g. They let him and the therman g.
B.plice C.man D. driver
答案 B
分析:本题可以利用代词复现解题。根据语境和下文中的“They”可知,拉里问是否还需要他，问的对象肯定是这些急救人员。下文中的代词“they”是复数，四个选项中只有plice是集合名词,表示复数,也符合常识。
策略2 利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题
在完形填空中,我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【例】[2021·浙江卷1月] My jb was t 45.build a stairway ut f rck. This 46. meant climbing up and dwn the side f a muntain inhabited(栖息)by muntain lins, althugh I shuld say they were nly heard, never 47.seen.
Three days later,a beautiful stairway came int being. The 48 f knwing that my 49.wrk will be n that muntainside fr years t cme is massive.
A.satisfactin B.ambitin C.expectatin D.intentin
答案 A
分析:本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。根据划线处后半句“my 49.wrk will be n that muntainside fr years t cme is massive”,“了解我的工作成果(wrk)将会在未来数年都在这个山坡上”，作者对自己的工作有十足的满足感，故用 satisfactin“满足,满足感”。
策略3 利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中,利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法
【例】[2021·天津卷3月]In additin t 31.practical skills, Pruitt's lessns teach teamwrk, encurage self-
wrth, and prmte feelings f cmmunity. 32 ,the kids have gained a sense f accmplishment.
B.Hwever
C.Smehw D.Meanwhile
答案D
分析:本题考查连接词，可以利用逻辑关系解题。根据语境可知，此处表示与此同时，孩子们也获得了成就感therwise“否则,不然”;hwever“但是”;smehw“以某种方式”;meanwhile“与此同时”。
策略4 利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中,有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题,即根据已知信息,推导出正确答案。
【例】 [2021·全国卷甲]Burchill was 41.staying at the htel n business and planning t 42. visit sme friends in the area. They had asked him t 43.bring sme pepperni(辣香肠)frm back east. S he 44 asuitcase full f pepperni.
B.lcked
C.abandned D. lst
答案 A
分析:本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文"They had asked him t 43. bring sme pepperni(辣香肠)frm back east“,可推知Burchill 应该是装了一手提箱的辣香肠带给朋友，此题选A符合上下文语境。
【刷名校真题】
语法填空练习
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、完形填空
Ralphie was getting bred in his gegraphy class. Mr. Hudsn ___1___map f Eurpe up n the whitebard, and asked smene t switch ff the lights s they culd see it ___2___. Ralphie ppped a paper spitball int a straw and blew it ___3___the light switch. It missed, and ___4___in Mr. Hudsn’s hair instead.
“Detentin(留堂), Ralphie.” said Hudsn. “I was nly trying t ___5___the lights!” Ralphie prtested. But he heard “See yu after schl. Dn’t be late.”
Math class was ___6___. Ralphie was pretty gd at math, s when Mrs. Addisn ___7___student t slve a prblem at the blackbard, Ralphie didn’t ___8___. He jumped ut f his seat and annunced in a lud vice, “I vlunteer as Tribute!” His friends burst ut laughing. Mrs. Addisn lked at him sternly(严厉地)ver the tps f her ___9___.
“Silence! Yung man.”
“It’s frm ‘The Hunger Games ...’” he tried t ____10____.
“That’s quite enugh! Detentin. Ralphie. After schl. Dn’t be late.”
When the bell rang. Ralphie went t see Mr. Hudsn first. He was tld t sit dwn. Then he ____11____ne hand and asked t g t the ____12____. Mr. Hudsn ndded.
____13____in the hallway, Ralphie raced ver t Mrs. Addisn’s rm. He tk a seat. Again, he lifted his hand and asked t use the washrm. Mrs. Addisn ____14____, and Ralphie ____15____back t Mr. Hudsn’s rm. On the way, he____16____he did actually need t use the washrm. He went inside, lcking the dr behind him.
After washing his hands, he fund the dr lck was stuck. He twisted and shk it. He even threw his bdy against it like he saw peple ____17____drs in mvies. N luck. ____18____, Ralphie lked arund the rm fr ideas. He tk a plunger(疏通管道用的搋子) frm the crner t prp the windw pen. He climbed up n the ____19____and pulled himself thrugh the washrm windw.
Hurriedly he went back t his detentins. ____20____, n teachers were in.
1．A．hungB．prjectedC．drewD．read
2．A．betterB．higherC．mreD．heavier
3．A．nB．inC．atD．with
4．A．landedB．flwedC．fledD．swallwed
5．A．turn ffB．turn tC．turn verD．turn dwn
6．A．awayB．behindC．verD．next
7．A．delayedB．waitedC．stppedD．required
8．A．mveB．smileC．hesitateD．interrupt
9．A．studentsB．bksC．glassesD．eyes
10．A．answerB．explainC．reactD．ignre
11．A．shkB．reachedC．pintedD．raised
12．A．classrmB．washrmC．bedrmD．mushrm
13．A．SB．SinceC．ThughD．Once
14．A．agreedB．regrettedC．admittedD．rejected
15．A．lkedB．headedC．rdeD．struggled
16．A．frcedB．suggestedC．acceptedD．decided
17．A．getting ffB．getting utC．breaking dwnD．breaking up
18．A．DelightedB．SurprisedC．PanickedD．Excited
19．A．lampB．sinkC．tableD．water
20．A．TherefreB．MreverC．MeanwhileD．Hwever
【来源】江西省八所重点中学（九江一中、吉安一中等）2021届高三下学期4月联考英语试题（含听力）
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．C
4．A
5．A
6．D
7．D
8．C
9．C
10．B
11．D
12．B
13．D
14．A
15．B
16．D
17．C
18．C
19．B
20．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是记叙文，讲述了淘气的Ralphie在课堂上犯了错被两位老师同时留堂后闹出的趣事。
1．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mr. Hudsn把欧洲地图投影在白板上，让人把灯关掉，以便看得更清楚。A. hung悬挂；B. prjected投影；C. drew画；D. read阅读。结合常识，根据上文“n the whitebard”和下文“switch ff the lights”后才能看得更清可知老师用的是投影。故选B项。
2．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Mr. Hudsn把欧洲地图投影在白板上，让人把灯关掉，以便看得更清楚。A. better更好；B. higher更高；C. mre更多；D. heavier更重。Mr. Hudsn投影地图后让学生关灯，根据常识可知这样才能看得更清楚。故选A项。
3．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：Ralphie把纸团塞进吸管里，对着电灯开关吹了起来。A.n在上； B.in在里； C.at朝……. D.with和。介词at常表示“朝……，向……，对着……。”，句中Ralphie对着开关吹，所以动词blw应搭配介词at。故选C项。
4．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没打中，落在了Mr. Hudsn先生的头发上。A. landed降落；B. flwed流动；C. fled逃跑；D. swallwed吞。根据上文“It missed”可知纸团落到了Mr. Hudsn先生的头发上。故选A项。
5．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“我只是想关灯而已!”拉尔夫抗议道。A. turn ff关；B. turn t转向；C. turn ver翻身；D. turn dwn关小，拒绝。根据上文Mr. Hudsn叫学生“switch ff the lights”和“Ralphie ppped a paper spitball int a straw and blew it 3 the light. ”可知Ralphie打算关灯。故选A项。
6．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：接下来是数学课。A. away离去；B. behind在后面；C. ver结束； D. next下一个。上节课是gegraphy class，根据Mr. Hudsn所说“See yu after schl. Dn’t be late.”可知地理课结束了，所以数学是下一节课。故选D项。
7．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ralphie数学很好，所以当Mrs. Addisn老师要求学生在黑板上解一道题时，Ralphie毫不犹豫。 A. delayed推迟；B. waited等待； C. stpped停止；D. required要求。根据下文“t slve a prblem at the blackbard”可知Mrs. Addisn是要求学生解题。故选D项。
8．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ralphie数学很好，所以当Mrs. Addisn老师要求学生在黑板上解一道题时，Ralphie毫不犹豫。A. mve移动；B. smile微笑；C. hesitate犹豫；D. interrupt打断。根据下文“He jumped ut f his seat and annunced in a lud vice.”(他从座位上跳起来，大声宣布)可知他毫不犹豫地想要去解题。故选C项。
9．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Mrs. Addisn从眼镜上严厉地看着他。A. students学生；B. bks书；C. glasses眼镜；D. eyes眼睛。根据上文“lked at him sternly ver the tps f her…”结合常识可推断空格处名词和眼睛有关系。故选C项。
10．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“它来自《饥饿游戏》……”他试图解释。A. answer回答；B. explain解释；C. react反应；D. ignre忽视。根据上文“Silence! Yung man.”可知，Ralphie受到老师的责备，所以急忙解释。故选B项。
11．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他举起一只手，要求去洗手间。A. shk握手；B. reached到达；C. pinted指；D. raised举起。根据下文“Again, he lifted his hand and asked t use the washrm.”可知这里是第一次举手，raised与lifted在这里同义。故选D项。
12．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后他举起一只手，要求去洗手间。A. classrm教室；B. washrm洗手间；C. bedrm卧室；D. mushrm蘑菇。同样根据下文“Again, he lifted his hand and asked t use the washrm.”可知这里是举手要求去洗手间。故选B项。
13．
考查连词词义辨析。句意：一到走廊上，Ralphie跑到艾迪生太太的房间。A. S所以；B. Since自从；C. Thugh虽然；D. Once一……就。根据下文“raced ver t Mrs. Addisn’s rm”可看出他的迫切，所以“一到走廊，他就跑到艾迪生太太的房间。”。故选D项。
14．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾迪生太太同意了，拉尔夫回到了Mr. Hudsn先生的房间。A. agreed同意；B. regretted后悔；C. admitted承认；D. rejected拒绝。根据下文“Ralphie 15 back t Mr. Hudsn’s rm.”可知老师同意他去洗手间，然后他回到了Mr. Hudsn先生的房间。故选A项。
15．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾迪生太太同意了，拉尔夫回到了Mr. Hudsn先生的房间。A. lked看；B. headed朝……走；C. rde骑；D. struggled斗争。根据下文“back t Mr. Hudsn’s rm”可知是回到Mr. Hudsn先生的房间，搭配动词headed。故选B项。
16．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在路上，他觉得他确实需要去一下洗手间。A. frced强迫；B. suggested建议；C. accepted接受；D. decided决定。根据下文“he did actually need t use the washrm”可知他发现自己确实需要去一下洗手间。decide表示“判定”。故选D项。
17．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他甚至用身体撞门就像在电影里看到有人破门一样。A. getting ff下车；B. getting ut出去；C. breaking dwn打破；D. breaking up破裂。结合常识，根据in mvies可知他想模仿电影情节破门。故选C项。
18．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Ralphie惊慌失措，在房间里四处寻找办法。A. Delighted高兴的；B. Surprised惊讶的；C. Panicked惊慌的；D. Excited激动的。根据上文他模仿电影情节破门却仍然“N luck”的情况可推测他应该感到惊慌失措。故选C项。
19．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他爬上盥洗盆，从洗手间的窗户爬了出去。A. lamp灯；B. sink盥洗盆，水槽；C. table桌子；D. water水。根据climbed up并结合常识可知这里是爬上洗手间的盥洗盆。故选B项。
20．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有老师在教室里。A. Therefre因此；B. Mrever而且; C. Meanwhile同时；D. Hwever然而。Ralphie想尽办法赶回教室，结果“n teachers were in.”，出人意料。然而，没有老师在教室里。故选D项。
语法填空练习
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、完形填空
It was New Year's Night. An __1__ man was standing at a windw. He raised his __2__ eyes twards the deep blue sky, where the stars were __3__ like water lilies n the surface f a clear calm lake. Then he __4__ them n the earth, where a few mre __5__ peple than himself nw mved twards their certain gal---the __6__.He had already passed sixty f the stages leading t it, and he had brught frm his Jurney __7__ but errrs and regrets. Nw his health was pr, his mind vacant and his heart __8__.
The days f his __9__ appeared like dreams befre him, and he recalled the serius mment when his father placed him at the __10__ f the tw rads--ne leading t a peaceful, sunny place, the ther leading t a deep, __11__ cave. He lked twards the sky and cried __12__, "Oh yuth, return! Oh my father, place me nce mre at the entrance t life, and I will chse the __13__ way! " But bth his father and the days f his yuth had __14__.
The clck in the church twer __15__ and the sund made him remember his parents’ early __16__ fr him. They had taught him and prayed t Gd fr his and prayed t Gd fr his __17__.
But he chse the __18__ way. His darkened eyes were full f tears, and with a despairing __19__, he burst ut a cry, “Cme back, my early days!”
And his yuth did __20__, fr all this was nly a dream which he had n New Year’s Night.
1．A．admirableB．hnestC．inspiringD．aged
2．A．murnfulB．shiningC．charmingD．sharp
3．A．swimmingB．flatingC．sleepingD．lying
4．A．threwB．castC．putD．caught
5．A．jblessB．hmelessC．hpelessD．fearless
6．A．tmbB．cmpanyC．lungeD．ffice
7．A．everything.B．nthingC．anythingD．smething
8．A．jyfulB．thughtfulC．srrwfulD．thankful
9．A．deathB．birthC．grwthD．yuth
10．A．entranceB．middleC．endD．exit
11．A．bigB．darkC．penD．bright
12．A．manlyB．painfullyC．sympatheticallyD．peacefully
13．A．shrterB．wrseC．betterD．harder
14．A．passed awayB．passed byC．passed dwnD．passed ut
15．A．struckB．rangC．beatD．kncked
16．A．supprtB．guidanceC．instructinD．lve
17．A．guiltB．healthC．gdD．wealth
18．A．rightB．difficultC．easyD．wrng
19．A．effectB．frceC．effrtD．pwer
20．A．fadeB．leaveC．disappearD．return
【来源】广东省华南师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年高三1月模拟考试英语试题
【答案】1．D
2．A
3．B
4．B
5．C
6．A
7．B
8．C
9．D
10．A
11．B
12．B
13．C
14．A
15．A
16．D
17．C
18．D
19．C
20．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个耐人寻味的故事，一开始就是一个垂暮的老人满怀悔恨和悲伤，追忆自己的青春岁月，但无论他多么想回到过去都无济于事，最后当他醒来时才发现自己还年轻，这只是一场无比真实的梦。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个年迈的老人站在窗户边。A. admirable值得赞扬的；B. hnest诚实的；C. inspiring鼓舞人心的；D. aged年老的。下文中“He had already passed sixty f the stages”指出他已经60岁了，也就是一个老人了。故选D项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他抬起悲哀的目光看向漆黑的夜空，星星悬在夜空中就像平静澄澈的湖中的百合花。A. murnful悲哀的；B. shining闪耀的；C. charming迷人的；D. sharp锋利的。结合文段内容来看，这是一个已入暮年的老人在悔恨自己虚度了人生，步步逼近死亡的感觉一定是无比悲伤的。故选A项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他抬起悲哀的目光看向漆黑的夜空，星星悬在夜空中就像平静澄澈的湖中的百合花。A. swimming游泳；B. flating漂浮；C. sleeping睡觉；D. lying躺下。这里用了一个比喻，星星应该是像湖中的百合花一样“漂浮”在夜空中故选B项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他又将目光投向了地面上的人们。A. threw扔掉；B. cast投掷；C. put放置；D. caught抓住。与前文的raise类似，这里也要表达转移目光，them就指代eyes，cast eyes意为“投向目光”。故选B项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那里有一些更绝望的人们在走向必然的目的地——坟墓。A. jbless失业的；B. hmeless无家可归的；C. hpeless绝望的；D. fearless无畏的。这里用比较级应该视为在与这个老人的感受作比较，都指在面临时间逝去和死亡时的绝望之情。故选C项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里有一些更绝望的人们在走向必然的目的地——坟墓。A. tmb坟墓；B. cmpany公司；C. lunge休息室；D. ffice办公室。下文用it指代，指出老人已经朝着这里走了60个阶段了，且是一个确定的目的地，那一定是指死亡了，这里用tmb意义相同。故选A项。
7．考查代词词义辨析。句意：而他从这趟人生旅程中带走的除了过错和悔恨以外一无所有。A. everything一切；B. nthing没有东西：C. anything任何事物；D. smething某些事物。结合文段内容来看，这是一个已入暮年的老人在悔恨自己虚度了人生，所以这里要表达他带走的只有过错和悔恨，nthing but意为“只有，除了……没有”。故选B项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在他身体衰弱，思维混沌，心里也充满了悲伤。A. jyful喜悦的；B. thughtful体贴的；C. srrwful悲伤的；D. thankful感激的。与前文悲哀的目光对应，且文段渲染的这种沉重气氛，垂暮老人的心情一定是非常难过的。故选C项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：年轻时的日子像梦一般出现在他眼前。A. death死亡；B. birth出生；C. grwth成长；D. yuth青春。这里是老人在回忆年轻时的事情，下文也有yuth一词对应。故选D项。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他回想起了一个严肃的时刻，那时他的父亲让他站在一条分岔路的入口。A. entrance入口；B. middle中间；C. end末尾；D. exit出口。下文分别描述两条路的样子，可见是站在分岔路口看到的。故选A项。
11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一条通向幽深黑暗的洞穴。A. big大的；B. dark黑暗的；C. pen打开的；D. bright明亮的。既然是洞穴而且很深，那应该也是比较黑的。故选B项。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：他望向天空痛苦地大喊。A. manly雄赳赳地；B. painfully痛苦地；C. sympathetically同情地；D. peacefully平和地。从下文老人喊叫的内容来看，是充满悔恨和痛苦的。故选B项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我会选择更好的那条路。A. shrter更短的；B. wrse更糟的；C. better更好的；D. harder更难的。老人祈求上天让他重新在分岔路口选择一次，可见他当时并没有选择更好、更光明的一条路。故选C项。
14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但他的父亲和那些青葱岁月都逝去了。A. passed away逝去；B. passed by路过；C. passed dwn传递下去；D. passed ut神志不清。由转折连词but和现状来看，老人的青春已经一去不复返了。故选A项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：教堂里的钟声敲响了，那声音让他想起了以前父母对自己的爱。A. struck打击，撞击；B. rang铃声响起；C. beat打败；D. kncked敲击。教堂钟声的敲响勾起了老人的回忆，这里strike可以表示钟的敲鸣、报时，ring一般搭配bell表示铃响，knck一般以人为主语，表示主动敲击。故选A项。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：教堂里的钟声敲响了，那声音让他想起了以前父母对自己的爱。A. supprt支持；B. guidance指导；C. instructin命令；D. lve爱。下文中提到的教他道理、为他祷告无不体现出父母对孩子的关爱。故选D项。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们教育他，为他祷告平安吉祥。A. guilt犯罪，内疚；B. health健康；C. gd良好，美好；D. wealth财富。站在父母的角度一定是为孩子祈祷一切顺遂美好的。故选C项。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他选择了错误的道路。A. right正确的；B. difficult困难的；C. easy简单的；D. wrng错误的。就是因为选错了路，老人现在才会如此悲伤、后悔。故选D项。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他黯淡的双眼噙满泪水，带着绝望的努力他哭喊出来。A. effect效率；B. frce力量；C. effrt努力；D. pwer权力。这里老人的情绪已经几乎崩溃，他大喊着让青春回来，但这样的努力是没有意义而令人绝望的。故选C项。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：而他的青春真的回来了。A. fade逐渐消失；B. leave离开；C. disappear消失；D. return返回。全文最后情节出现了重大转折，原来这只是年轻人做的一场梦，所以这里要表达老人“重返青春”。故选D项。