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人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 2 Wildlife protection教案
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 2 Wildlife protection教案，共10页。教案主要包含了本单元课文注释与疑难解析，文化背景知识，参考资料等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Teaching gals
1．Talk abut different types f rbts by using expressins f suppsitin and belief.
2．Listen t three peple talking abut rbt pets.
3．Write a diary frm the rbt pet's pint f view.
Teaching prcedures
Step 1 Speaking task
Ask students t use their imaginatin in grups t discuss the types f rbts that culd be used in the future.Guide them t use the expressins belw in the discussin.
eq \x(\a\al(Is it pssible that...？,Culd it be that...？,Are yu sure that...？,It is pssible/impssible that...,It culd be that...,I am sure that...,It is mst likely/unlikely that...,There is a belief that...,I am psitive that...))
Sample：
Rbts can be fund in the manufacturing industry，the military，space explratin，transprtatin，and medical applicatins.
Well，fr my cnclusin I_guess that rbts are the way f the future and will be used n a daily use withut being cntrlled remtely r by a persn.I_think there will be different rbts fr different uses.Sme will be used fr law enfrcement and thers will be used fr cnstructive uses nly.Others will be building cars，and the rest will be building the new schls we learn in and the huses we live in.
Step 2 Listening task
1．Befre listening，ask students t lk at the pictures f these rbt pets n Page 59.In pairs，answer the fllwing questins.
(1)What kinds f animal d yu think they are?
(2)Wuld yu like t wn ne？Which ne？Give reasns.
(3)D yu think having a rbt as a pet is a gd idea？Give reasns.
Varius answers are pssible.Thrugh asking students questins abut the pictures，make sure students understand the fllwing wrds they will hear in the listening text：wag，pat，flippers，purr and hiss.
2．Listen t Amanda，Victria and Jamie talking abut rbt pets.Lk at the pictures again and match them with the rbts' names.
Aib ______ Furby______ Par______ Tama______
Keys：
Aib Picture_2 Furby Picture_1 Par Picture_3 Tama Picture_4
3．Ask students t fill in as much f the table n Page 60 as they can.Then listen t the first part f the discussin again and cmplete the table.Cmpare their answers with their partners.
Suggested answers：
4.Listen t the secnd part f the discussin again.Tick the crrect bx fr each questin.
Keys：
Step 3 Writing task
1．First ask students t imagine he r she is a rbt pet which belngs t a child.
(1)Think abut what kind f child yu belng t.Is it a by r a girl？What is the child like？Is the child kind r nt？Is the child sick r in gd health?
(2)What kind f rbt pet are yu—Aib，Furby，Par r Tama?
2．Write abut ne day in his/her life in his/her diary.Remember t write frm the rbt pet's pint f view and remember t fllw these steps.
(1)Cllect their ideas in pairs r grups.
(2)Write dwn the main ideas and supprting details.Here is an example.
(3)Write the diary entry，paying attentin t the use f cnjunctins in their writing.
Step 4 Hmewrk
Write a diary frm the rbt pet's pint f view.
A sample：
Sunny Wednesday
I am very happy tday，because this is the first day that I has spent with my wner，Susan.Susan is a 6－year－ld sick girl.She cannt g ut with ther children because f her pr health.S her parents bught me as her cmpanin.There are different types f rbt pets in the stre.Her mm preferred the seal－type rbt，while her dad thught the lvely dg wuld be a gd cmpanin.But Susan lves kitty very much.She insisted n having me as her cmpanin.S they chse me.
The shp assistant tld them I have mre than just entertainment value，ffering cmpaninship and a variety f ther services t the sick.A netwrk system will enable me t speak t the children in a natural way，especially t children wh are sick，and this will make them mre cmfrtable.
I can be cnnected via cell phne r ISDN line t a netwrk system center，allwing health wrkers r parents t send medical infrmatin and encuraging messages t the sick.I'm endwed with 100 phrases，ranging frm the light－hearted (“Tday is the karake party.Let's sing a lt.”) t mre practical infrmatin (“It is three 'clck.It is time t have medicine.”)．
Susan smiled a lt and her parents said she has never spent a happier day.I am happy t because I've brught pleasure t her.
eq \(\s\up7(),\s\d5(备课资料))
一、本单元课文注释与疑难解析
1．Claire didn't want the rbt in her huse，especially as her husband wuld be absent fr three weeks，but Larry persuaded her that the rbt wuldn't harm her r allw her t be harmed.克莱尔不想家里有个机器人，尤其是她丈夫要离家三个星期，可是克莱尔被拉里说服了。他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会允许她受到任何伤害。
(1)absent adj.
a．缺席的，不在场的 (＋frm)
Three members f the class were absent this mrning.
今天早晨该班有三人缺席。
He is absent n business.他因事缺席。
He is absent frm Hng Kng.他不在香港。
b．缺少的，不存在的
Snw is absent in his cuntry.他的国家不下雪。
c．茫茫然的，心不在焉的
He lked at me in an absent way.他茫然地望着我。
He had an absent lk n his face.
他脸上露出心不在焉的神色。
vt.不在；缺席
Why did yu absent yurself frm schl yesterday?
昨天你为何不到校？
absent 的反义词是present“出席的，在场的”
Hw many peple were present at the meeting?
到会的有多少人？
(2)persuade vt.
a．说服，劝服(＋int/ut f)/(＋sb.t d sth.)
She persuaded me int buying it.
她说服我买下了它。
The salesman persuaded us t buy his prduct.
那个推销员说服了我们买他的产品。
He persuaded her t g t schl，even thugh she did nt want t.
即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去。
b．使某人相信 (＋f)/(＋that)
Hw can I persuade yu f my sincerity?
我怎样才能使你相信我的诚意呢？
We wrked hard t persuade them that we were genuinely interested in the prject.
我们想尽办法以使他们相信我们确实对这一计划感兴趣。
2．She cried ut “Tny” and then heard him declare that he didn't want t leave her the next day and that he felt mre than just the desire t please her.
她大叫一声“托尼”，接着她就听到托尼郑重地说，明天他不想离开她，并且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。
(1)declare vt.
a．宣布，宣告；声明(＋that) t make knwn frmally r fficially
The new Cngress declared a state f war with Germany.
新的国会向德国宣战了。
b．宣称；断言(＋that)
The accused man declared himself inncent.
被告声称他是无罪的。
She declared that she didn't want t see him again.
她宣称再也不愿见他了。
I declared at the meeting that I did nt supprt him.
我在会上声明我不支持他。
c．申报(纳税品等)
I have nthing t declare.我没什么要申报的。
Nte：
declare：宣告，宣布frmally annunce(sth.)
Fr example：I wuld like t declare my lve fr yu.
annunce：宣布 t make(sth.)knwn publicly
Fr example：If I have a birthday party，I want t annunce it t my friends.
(2)mre than
a．后面跟名词，意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。例如：
Kate was mre than a teacher.She als did what she culd t take care f her pupils.
凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。
Mdern science is mre than a large amunt f infrmatin.
现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。
My trip t Beijing is mre than sightseeing.
我去北京不仅仅是观光。
b．mre than与数词连用，意思是“多于，大于，超过”。例如：
I have knwn him fr mre than twenty years.
我认识他已超过二十年了。
Mre than ten plicemen turned up at the spt where the accident happened.
十多位警察出现在出事地点。
c．mre than与形容词和分词连用，表示“非常，十分”。例如：
They were mre than happy t see us cme back frm the expeditin.
看到我们远征而归，他们异常高兴。
I was mre than surprised t see the lin standing at the bdy.
看到那头狮子站在尸体旁边，我非常惊讶。
I am mre than happy t accept yur invitatin.
我很高兴接受你的邀请。
d．mre than与动词连用，对动词起着加强语气的作用。例如：
Repeated advertising will mre than increase prduct sales.
多次做广告意味着增加产品的销售。
His prgress in English learning mre than encuraged him t learn the subject well.
在英语学习方面的进步激励他学好这门课程。
e．mre than和含有情态动词的句子连用，有否定意义，表示“是……难以……”或“超过了……所能”之义。例如：
The beauty f the muntainus cuntry is mre than I can describe.
我难以描述那个山村的美丽。
This prblem is mre than a child like Jack can settle.
这一问题超出了像杰克这样的小孩的解决能力。
[拓展]
n mre than意思是“仅仅，不过，只是”。例如：
All his educatin added up t n mre than ne year.
他所接受的所有的学校教育只有一年。
Their new flat has n mre than 60 square meters.
他们的新居只有60平方米。
nt mre than表示“至多，不超过”，例如：
Lying n the grund was a schlby f nt mre than seventeen.
躺在地上的那个男学生最多十七岁。
3．It was when Asimv was eleven years ld that his talent fr writing became bvius.
正是阿西莫夫11岁时，他的写作天赋明显显露出来。
该句使用了强调句型It 强调了时间状语从句when Asimv was eleven years ld。
talent n.
a．天资，天赋；才能 (＋fr)
He had a talent fr music.他有音乐天赋。
My sister has a talent fr drawing.
我妹妹有画画的天赋。
b．天才，有才能的人们
She is a new diving talent.她是一个新的跳水天才。
The cmpany makes gd use f its talent.
该公司很好地发挥了内部人才的作用。
4．It was disturbing and frightening that he lked s human.
机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。
It是形式主语，that引导的句子是这个句子的主语，that从句叫主语从句。It放在句首，真正的主语放在后面，这是英语的一种常见结构。
It was clear that Claire had fallen in lve with Tny.
很显然，克莱尔已爱上了托尼。
It seems unlikely that she will refuse the ffer.
看上去她不太可能拒绝给她的帮助。
带有that从句的先行词结构有以下几种不同的搭配关系：
(1)It＋be＋adj.＋that clause.
It is certain that William will d well in his exam.
威廉肯定会考得很好。
It is absurd that he believes the number 13 has brught him the bad luck.
他认为是13这个数字给他带来了厄运，这太可笑了。
在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的It结构中，that从句的谓语动词常常用(shuld)＋d 的形式。
It is said that he (shuld) g there withut delay.
他最好马上去那里。
It is imprtant that we (shuld) be here by the weekend.
周末我们得在这里，这很重要。
在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等意义的It结构中，that从句的谓语动词也常用这种形式。
It isn't amazing that they shuld have decided t divrce.
他们已经决定离婚，这并不令人吃惊。
It is regrettable that Tm shuld leave s sn.
真遗憾汤姆这么快就要离开了。
(2)It＋be＋n.(r nun phrase)＋that clause.
It is a great pleasure that she is well again and can g t her ffice.
她身体恢复了，可以去上班了，这真让人高兴。
It is a pity that she shuld refuse t accept this suggestin.
真遗憾她拒绝了这个建议。
(3)It＋be＋v.－ed＋that clause.
It is said that Isaac will accmpany his parents t visit Eurpe.
据说艾莎克将陪父母去欧洲访问。
It is suggested that each children shuld sing a sng in English at the party.
建议每个学生都得在晚会上唱支英文歌。
(4)It seems/happens...＋that clause.
It seems that they are in urgent need f help.
好像他们现在急需帮助。
It happens that the prettiest birds are the wrst singers.
很碰巧，最漂亮的鸟是最差的歌手。
要注意的是这种结构与强调结构的区别。试比较：
It was Tny that managed t help her in time.
是托尼及时设法帮助了她。
It was then that Claire realized that Tny had pened the curtains f the frnt windw.
也就在这时候，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。
5．S Claire brrwed a pile f bks frm the library fr him t read，r rather，scan.
于是，克莱尔从图书馆借了一堆书给托尼阅读，或者说给他浏览一下。
(1)a pile f/piles f＝a lt f
There were a pile f magazines n the desk.
桌子上有一堆杂志。
I've gt piles f wrk t d this evening.
今天晚上我有一大堆工作要做。
(2)r rather：a way f crrecting smething yu have said，r making it mre exact.
He lives in Lndn，r rather，in the suburbs f Lndn.
他住在伦敦，更准确地说是在伦敦郊区。
Yu have t be sixteen fr cheap tickets—r rather under sixteen.
你得是16岁才能买便宜的票，更准确地说是16岁以下。
6． cannt have wmen falling in lve with machines.
……总不能让女人爱上机器。
这句话的结构是have＋n.＋ding，have的意思是cause sb.t d，它与have＋sb.＋d结构的意思有时略有不同，前者讲的是过程，后者叙述的是当时的情况。
As sn as I gt there，I tried t have Jhn find me a huse.
我一到那里，就试着让约翰给我找房子。
She had us all laughing at her jkes.
她的笑话让我们大笑。
另外，在have＋n.＋ding结构中，如果have用作否定时，其意思是nt permit r allw。
I can't have yu ging everywhere and ding nthing all day.
我不能让你整天无所事事地东游西逛。
7．Asimv had bth an extrardinary imaginatin that gave him the ability t explre future wrlds and an amazing mind with which he searched fr explanatins f everything，in the present and the past.
阿西默夫不仅有超凡的想象力，使他能对未来世界进行探索，而且还有着惊人的智力，使他对现在的和过去的各种事物作出解释。
这个句子稍微有点复杂，现简要地分析一下：Asimv had bth an extrardinary imaginatin and an amazing mind是这个句子的重要部分，动词不定式t explre future wrlds修饰ability，with which引导的定语从句修饰an amazing mind。
with which是“介词＋which (whm)”的结构，其介词的选择受到一定的限制：或与前面的名词搭配有关(本句就是这样)，或与后面的动词或者词组搭配有关。
He seemed t be lking fr the wrds with which he culd express what he was thinking abut.
他好像正在找能表达他想法的词语。
The car，fr which I paid a lt f mney，is nw ut f date.
我花很多钱买的这辆小汽车现在过时了。
二、文化背景知识
Rbt
A rbt can be defined as a prgrammable，self－cntrlled device cnsisting f electrnic，electrical，r mechanical units.Mre generally，it is a machine that functins in place f a living agent.Rbts are especially desirable fr certain wrk functins because，unlike humans，they never get tired；they can endure physical cnditins that are uncmfrtable r even dangerus；they can perate in airless cnditins；they d nt get bred by repetitin；and they cannt be distracted frm the task at hand.
The cncept f rbts is a very ld ne yet the actual wrd “rbt” was invented in the 20th century frm the Czechslvakian wrd rbt r rbtic meaning slave，servant，r frced labr.Rbts dn't have t lk r act like humans but they d need t be flexible s they can perfrm different tasks.
Early industrial rbts handled radiactive material in atmic labs and were called master/slave manipulatrs.They were cnnected tgether with mechanical linkages and steel cables.Remte arm manipulatrs can nw be mved by push buttns，switches r jysticks.
Current rbts have advanced sensry systems that prcess infrmatin and appear t functin as if they have brains.Their “brain” is actually a frm f cmputerized artificial intelligence (AI)．AI allws a rbt t perceive cnditins and decide upn a curse f actin based n thse cnditins.
A rbt can include any f the fllwing cmpnents：
effectrs—“arms”，“legs”，“hands”，“feet”
sensrs—parts that act like senses and can detect bjects r things like heat and light and cnvert the bject infrmatin int symbls that cmputers understand
cmputer—the brain that cntains instructins called algrithms t cntrl the rbt
equipment—this includes tls and mechanical fixtures
Characteristics that make rbts different frm regular machinery are that rbts usually functin by themselves，are sensitive t their envirnment，adapt t variatins in the envirnment r t errrs in prir perfrmance，are task－riented and ften have the ability t try different methds t accmplish a task.
Rbt Timeline
270BC an ancient Greek engineer named Ctesibus made rgans and water clcks with mvable figures.
1818—Mary Shelley wrte “Frankenstein” which was abut a frightening artificial life frm created by Dr.Frankenstein.
1921—The term “rbt” was first used in a play called “” r “Rssum's Universal Rbts” by the Czech writer Karel Capek.The plt was simple：man makes rbt then rbt kills man!
1941—Science fictin writer Isaac Asimv first used the wrd “rbtics” t describe the technlgy f rbts and predicted the rise f a pwerful rbt industry.
1942—Asimv wrte “Runarund”，a stry abut rbts which cntained the “Three Laws f Rbtics”：
A rbt may nt injure a human，r，thrugh inactin，allw a human being t cme t harm.
A rbt must bey the rders by human beings except where such rders wuld cnflict with the First Law.
A rbt must prtect its wn existence as lng as such prtectin des nt cnflict with the First r Secnd Law.
1948—“Cybernetics”，an influence n artificial intelligence research was published by Nrbert Wiener.
1956—Gerge Devl and Jseph Engelberger frmed the wrld's first rbt cmpany.
1959—Cmputer－assisted manufacturing was demnstrated at the Servmechanisms Lab at MIT.
1961—The first industrial rbt was nline in a General Mtrs autmbile factry in New Jersey.It was called UNIMATE.
1963—The first artificial rbtic arm t be cntrlled by a cmputer was designed.The Ranch Arm was designed as a tl fr the handicapped and its six jints gave it the flexibility f a human arm.
1965—DENDRAL was the first expert system r prgram designed t execute the accumulated knwledge f subject experts.
1968—The ctpus－like Tentacle Arm was develped by Marvin Minsky.
1969—The Stanfrd Arm was the first electrically pwered，cmputer－cntrlled rbt arm.
1970—Shakey was intrduced as the first mbile rbt cntrlled by artificial intelligence.It was prduced by SRI Internatinal.
1974—A rbtic arm (the Silver Arm) that perfrmed small－parts assembly using feedback frm tuch and pressure sensrs was designed.
1979—The Stanfrd Cart crssed a chair－filled rm withut human assistance.The cart had a TV camera munted n a rail which tk pictures frm multiple angles and relayed them t a cmputer.The cmputer analyzed the distance between the cart and the bstacles.
三、参考资料
(1)科幻作品
近几年比较受欢迎的科幻小说、影视有：X档案系列(X－files)，黑客帝国系列(The Matrix)，星球大战系列(Star Wars)，X战警系列(X Men)，终结者系列(Terminatr)，哈利波特系列(Harry Ptter)，指环王系列(The Lrd f the Rings)等等。学生如有兴趣，可以上网查询更多的资料。
参考网站：http：
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(2)Isaac Asimv 艾莎克·阿西莫夫(1920～1992)
Dr.Isaac Asimv was an American authr and bichemist wh was brn in Russia in 1920.Asimv went t the United States with his family at the age f three.He grew up in New Yrk，graduating frm Clumbia University in 1939.In 1948，he earned a PhD there.He began t write stries fr science fictin magazines in 1939.He was a very successful writer wh prduced an amazing number f bks：he wrte ver 400 vlumes.Asimv is best knwn fr his science fictin and ppular science bks，f which the Fundatin series，the Galactic Empire series and the Rbt series are the mst ppular.Asimv's bks cver varius tpics in science，and he develped a set f ethics fr rbts and machine intelligence which influenced many ther writers.
Name
Type f animal
What it can d
Rbt 1
Rbt 2
Rbt 3
Rbt 4
Name
Type f animal
What it can d
Rbt 1
Aib
Dg
Can walk，sit，lie dwn and wag its tail.Learns the name yu give it and can answer when yu call it.Develps its wn persnality.Can learn abut 50 cmmands.
Rbt 2
Furby
Nt stated but lks like a big－eared bird
Likes being patted.Speaks his wn language，then gradually switches t English the mre time yu spend with him.
Rbt 3
Par
Seal
Can pen and clse its eyes and mve its flippers.
Rbt 4
Tama
Cat
Can recgnize her wn name.Purrs when patted.If yu hit her she will give yu an angry hiss.Gradually her behaviur changes and she develps her wn persnality.
Amanda
Victria
Jamie
1.Wh desn't understand why smene wuld want a rbt as a pet？
2.Wh believes that rbt pets are just tys？
3.Wh thinks that if smene thinks f the rbt as a pet，then it is a pet？
4.Wh believes that yu can make a rbt happy？
5.Wh thinks that rbt pets wuld be gd fr peple wh are unable t have a live pet？
Amanda
Victria
Jamie
1.Wh desn't understand why smene wuld want a rbt as a pet？
√
2.Wh believes that rbt pets are just tys？
√
3.Wh thinks that if smene thinks f the rbt as a pet，then it is a pet？
√
4.Wh believes that yu can make a rbt happy？
√
5.Wh thinks that rbt pets wuld be gd fr peple wh are unable t have a live pet？
√
Mrning
Afternn
Owner
Pet
Owner
Pet
·gt up in bad md
·carried me by tail
·kncked me nt the flr
·left me at hme
·angry
·hissed at wner
·hissed mre
·had a peaceful time later
·gt hme after schl
·seemed happier
·was nice t me
·patted me
·prmised t take me t the park tmrrw
·wagged tail
·culdn't stp purring
·lved the idea/was happy
·wished he/she were always like that...
Teaching gals
1．Talk abut different types f rbts by using expressins f suppsitin and belief.
2．Listen t three peple talking abut rbt pets.
3．Write a diary frm the rbt pet's pint f view.
Teaching prcedures
Step 1 Speaking task
Ask students t use their imaginatin in grups t discuss the types f rbts that culd be used in the future.Guide them t use the expressins belw in the discussin.
eq \x(\a\al(Is it pssible that...？,Culd it be that...？,Are yu sure that...？,It is pssible/impssible that...,It culd be that...,I am sure that...,It is mst likely/unlikely that...,There is a belief that...,I am psitive that...))
Sample：
Rbts can be fund in the manufacturing industry，the military，space explratin，transprtatin，and medical applicatins.
Well，fr my cnclusin I_guess that rbts are the way f the future and will be used n a daily use withut being cntrlled remtely r by a persn.I_think there will be different rbts fr different uses.Sme will be used fr law enfrcement and thers will be used fr cnstructive uses nly.Others will be building cars，and the rest will be building the new schls we learn in and the huses we live in.
Step 2 Listening task
1．Befre listening，ask students t lk at the pictures f these rbt pets n Page 59.In pairs，answer the fllwing questins.
(1)What kinds f animal d yu think they are?
(2)Wuld yu like t wn ne？Which ne？Give reasns.
(3)D yu think having a rbt as a pet is a gd idea？Give reasns.
Varius answers are pssible.Thrugh asking students questins abut the pictures，make sure students understand the fllwing wrds they will hear in the listening text：wag，pat，flippers，purr and hiss.
2．Listen t Amanda，Victria and Jamie talking abut rbt pets.Lk at the pictures again and match them with the rbts' names.
Aib ______ Furby______ Par______ Tama______
Keys：
Aib Picture_2 Furby Picture_1 Par Picture_3 Tama Picture_4
3．Ask students t fill in as much f the table n Page 60 as they can.Then listen t the first part f the discussin again and cmplete the table.Cmpare their answers with their partners.
Suggested answers：
4.Listen t the secnd part f the discussin again.Tick the crrect bx fr each questin.
Keys：
Step 3 Writing task
1．First ask students t imagine he r she is a rbt pet which belngs t a child.
(1)Think abut what kind f child yu belng t.Is it a by r a girl？What is the child like？Is the child kind r nt？Is the child sick r in gd health?
(2)What kind f rbt pet are yu—Aib，Furby，Par r Tama?
2．Write abut ne day in his/her life in his/her diary.Remember t write frm the rbt pet's pint f view and remember t fllw these steps.
(1)Cllect their ideas in pairs r grups.
(2)Write dwn the main ideas and supprting details.Here is an example.
(3)Write the diary entry，paying attentin t the use f cnjunctins in their writing.
Step 4 Hmewrk
Write a diary frm the rbt pet's pint f view.
A sample：
Sunny Wednesday
I am very happy tday，because this is the first day that I has spent with my wner，Susan.Susan is a 6－year－ld sick girl.She cannt g ut with ther children because f her pr health.S her parents bught me as her cmpanin.There are different types f rbt pets in the stre.Her mm preferred the seal－type rbt，while her dad thught the lvely dg wuld be a gd cmpanin.But Susan lves kitty very much.She insisted n having me as her cmpanin.S they chse me.
The shp assistant tld them I have mre than just entertainment value，ffering cmpaninship and a variety f ther services t the sick.A netwrk system will enable me t speak t the children in a natural way，especially t children wh are sick，and this will make them mre cmfrtable.
I can be cnnected via cell phne r ISDN line t a netwrk system center，allwing health wrkers r parents t send medical infrmatin and encuraging messages t the sick.I'm endwed with 100 phrases，ranging frm the light－hearted (“Tday is the karake party.Let's sing a lt.”) t mre practical infrmatin (“It is three 'clck.It is time t have medicine.”)．
Susan smiled a lt and her parents said she has never spent a happier day.I am happy t because I've brught pleasure t her.
eq \(\s\up7(),\s\d5(备课资料))
一、本单元课文注释与疑难解析
1．Claire didn't want the rbt in her huse，especially as her husband wuld be absent fr three weeks，but Larry persuaded her that the rbt wuldn't harm her r allw her t be harmed.克莱尔不想家里有个机器人，尤其是她丈夫要离家三个星期，可是克莱尔被拉里说服了。他说，机器人不会伤害她，也不会允许她受到任何伤害。
(1)absent adj.
a．缺席的，不在场的 (＋frm)
Three members f the class were absent this mrning.
今天早晨该班有三人缺席。
He is absent n business.他因事缺席。
He is absent frm Hng Kng.他不在香港。
b．缺少的，不存在的
Snw is absent in his cuntry.他的国家不下雪。
c．茫茫然的，心不在焉的
He lked at me in an absent way.他茫然地望着我。
He had an absent lk n his face.
他脸上露出心不在焉的神色。
vt.不在；缺席
Why did yu absent yurself frm schl yesterday?
昨天你为何不到校？
absent 的反义词是present“出席的，在场的”
Hw many peple were present at the meeting?
到会的有多少人？
(2)persuade vt.
a．说服，劝服(＋int/ut f)/(＋sb.t d sth.)
She persuaded me int buying it.
她说服我买下了它。
The salesman persuaded us t buy his prduct.
那个推销员说服了我们买他的产品。
He persuaded her t g t schl，even thugh she did nt want t.
即使她不想去上学，他还是说服她去。
b．使某人相信 (＋f)/(＋that)
Hw can I persuade yu f my sincerity?
我怎样才能使你相信我的诚意呢？
We wrked hard t persuade them that we were genuinely interested in the prject.
我们想尽办法以使他们相信我们确实对这一计划感兴趣。
2．She cried ut “Tny” and then heard him declare that he didn't want t leave her the next day and that he felt mre than just the desire t please her.
她大叫一声“托尼”，接着她就听到托尼郑重地说，明天他不想离开她，并且他并不满足于仅仅使她开心。
(1)declare vt.
a．宣布，宣告；声明(＋that) t make knwn frmally r fficially
The new Cngress declared a state f war with Germany.
新的国会向德国宣战了。
b．宣称；断言(＋that)
The accused man declared himself inncent.
被告声称他是无罪的。
She declared that she didn't want t see him again.
她宣称再也不愿见他了。
I declared at the meeting that I did nt supprt him.
我在会上声明我不支持他。
c．申报(纳税品等)
I have nthing t declare.我没什么要申报的。
Nte：
declare：宣告，宣布frmally annunce(sth.)
Fr example：I wuld like t declare my lve fr yu.
annunce：宣布 t make(sth.)knwn publicly
Fr example：If I have a birthday party，I want t annunce it t my friends.
(2)mre than
a．后面跟名词，意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。例如：
Kate was mre than a teacher.She als did what she culd t take care f her pupils.
凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。
Mdern science is mre than a large amunt f infrmatin.
现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。
My trip t Beijing is mre than sightseeing.
我去北京不仅仅是观光。
b．mre than与数词连用，意思是“多于，大于，超过”。例如：
I have knwn him fr mre than twenty years.
我认识他已超过二十年了。
Mre than ten plicemen turned up at the spt where the accident happened.
十多位警察出现在出事地点。
c．mre than与形容词和分词连用，表示“非常，十分”。例如：
They were mre than happy t see us cme back frm the expeditin.
看到我们远征而归，他们异常高兴。
I was mre than surprised t see the lin standing at the bdy.
看到那头狮子站在尸体旁边，我非常惊讶。
I am mre than happy t accept yur invitatin.
我很高兴接受你的邀请。
d．mre than与动词连用，对动词起着加强语气的作用。例如：
Repeated advertising will mre than increase prduct sales.
多次做广告意味着增加产品的销售。
His prgress in English learning mre than encuraged him t learn the subject well.
在英语学习方面的进步激励他学好这门课程。
e．mre than和含有情态动词的句子连用，有否定意义，表示“是……难以……”或“超过了……所能”之义。例如：
The beauty f the muntainus cuntry is mre than I can describe.
我难以描述那个山村的美丽。
This prblem is mre than a child like Jack can settle.
这一问题超出了像杰克这样的小孩的解决能力。
[拓展]
n mre than意思是“仅仅，不过，只是”。例如：
All his educatin added up t n mre than ne year.
他所接受的所有的学校教育只有一年。
Their new flat has n mre than 60 square meters.
他们的新居只有60平方米。
nt mre than表示“至多，不超过”，例如：
Lying n the grund was a schlby f nt mre than seventeen.
躺在地上的那个男学生最多十七岁。
3．It was when Asimv was eleven years ld that his talent fr writing became bvius.
正是阿西莫夫11岁时，他的写作天赋明显显露出来。
该句使用了强调句型It 强调了时间状语从句when Asimv was eleven years ld。
talent n.
a．天资，天赋；才能 (＋fr)
He had a talent fr music.他有音乐天赋。
My sister has a talent fr drawing.
我妹妹有画画的天赋。
b．天才，有才能的人们
She is a new diving talent.她是一个新的跳水天才。
The cmpany makes gd use f its talent.
该公司很好地发挥了内部人才的作用。
4．It was disturbing and frightening that he lked s human.
机器人如此通人性，这使她觉得心烦和害怕。
It是形式主语，that引导的句子是这个句子的主语，that从句叫主语从句。It放在句首，真正的主语放在后面，这是英语的一种常见结构。
It was clear that Claire had fallen in lve with Tny.
很显然，克莱尔已爱上了托尼。
It seems unlikely that she will refuse the ffer.
看上去她不太可能拒绝给她的帮助。
带有that从句的先行词结构有以下几种不同的搭配关系：
(1)It＋be＋adj.＋that clause.
It is certain that William will d well in his exam.
威廉肯定会考得很好。
It is absurd that he believes the number 13 has brught him the bad luck.
他认为是13这个数字给他带来了厄运，这太可笑了。
在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的It结构中，that从句的谓语动词常常用(shuld)＋d 的形式。
It is said that he (shuld) g there withut delay.
他最好马上去那里。
It is imprtant that we (shuld) be here by the weekend.
周末我们得在这里，这很重要。
在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等意义的It结构中，that从句的谓语动词也常用这种形式。
It isn't amazing that they shuld have decided t divrce.
他们已经决定离婚，这并不令人吃惊。
It is regrettable that Tm shuld leave s sn.
真遗憾汤姆这么快就要离开了。
(2)It＋be＋n.(r nun phrase)＋that clause.
It is a great pleasure that she is well again and can g t her ffice.
她身体恢复了，可以去上班了，这真让人高兴。
It is a pity that she shuld refuse t accept this suggestin.
真遗憾她拒绝了这个建议。
(3)It＋be＋v.－ed＋that clause.
It is said that Isaac will accmpany his parents t visit Eurpe.
据说艾莎克将陪父母去欧洲访问。
It is suggested that each children shuld sing a sng in English at the party.
建议每个学生都得在晚会上唱支英文歌。
(4)It seems/happens...＋that clause.
It seems that they are in urgent need f help.
好像他们现在急需帮助。
It happens that the prettiest birds are the wrst singers.
很碰巧，最漂亮的鸟是最差的歌手。
要注意的是这种结构与强调结构的区别。试比较：
It was Tny that managed t help her in time.
是托尼及时设法帮助了她。
It was then that Claire realized that Tny had pened the curtains f the frnt windw.
也就在这时候，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。
5．S Claire brrwed a pile f bks frm the library fr him t read，r rather，scan.
于是，克莱尔从图书馆借了一堆书给托尼阅读，或者说给他浏览一下。
(1)a pile f/piles f＝a lt f
There were a pile f magazines n the desk.
桌子上有一堆杂志。
I've gt piles f wrk t d this evening.
今天晚上我有一大堆工作要做。
(2)r rather：a way f crrecting smething yu have said，r making it mre exact.
He lives in Lndn，r rather，in the suburbs f Lndn.
他住在伦敦，更准确地说是在伦敦郊区。
Yu have t be sixteen fr cheap tickets—r rather under sixteen.
你得是16岁才能买便宜的票，更准确地说是16岁以下。
6． cannt have wmen falling in lve with machines.
……总不能让女人爱上机器。
这句话的结构是have＋n.＋ding，have的意思是cause sb.t d，它与have＋sb.＋d结构的意思有时略有不同，前者讲的是过程，后者叙述的是当时的情况。
As sn as I gt there，I tried t have Jhn find me a huse.
我一到那里，就试着让约翰给我找房子。
She had us all laughing at her jkes.
她的笑话让我们大笑。
另外，在have＋n.＋ding结构中，如果have用作否定时，其意思是nt permit r allw。
I can't have yu ging everywhere and ding nthing all day.
我不能让你整天无所事事地东游西逛。
7．Asimv had bth an extrardinary imaginatin that gave him the ability t explre future wrlds and an amazing mind with which he searched fr explanatins f everything，in the present and the past.
阿西默夫不仅有超凡的想象力，使他能对未来世界进行探索，而且还有着惊人的智力，使他对现在的和过去的各种事物作出解释。
这个句子稍微有点复杂，现简要地分析一下：Asimv had bth an extrardinary imaginatin and an amazing mind是这个句子的重要部分，动词不定式t explre future wrlds修饰ability，with which引导的定语从句修饰an amazing mind。
with which是“介词＋which (whm)”的结构，其介词的选择受到一定的限制：或与前面的名词搭配有关(本句就是这样)，或与后面的动词或者词组搭配有关。
He seemed t be lking fr the wrds with which he culd express what he was thinking abut.
他好像正在找能表达他想法的词语。
The car，fr which I paid a lt f mney，is nw ut f date.
我花很多钱买的这辆小汽车现在过时了。
二、文化背景知识
Rbt
A rbt can be defined as a prgrammable，self－cntrlled device cnsisting f electrnic，electrical，r mechanical units.Mre generally，it is a machine that functins in place f a living agent.Rbts are especially desirable fr certain wrk functins because，unlike humans，they never get tired；they can endure physical cnditins that are uncmfrtable r even dangerus；they can perate in airless cnditins；they d nt get bred by repetitin；and they cannt be distracted frm the task at hand.
The cncept f rbts is a very ld ne yet the actual wrd “rbt” was invented in the 20th century frm the Czechslvakian wrd rbt r rbtic meaning slave，servant，r frced labr.Rbts dn't have t lk r act like humans but they d need t be flexible s they can perfrm different tasks.
Early industrial rbts handled radiactive material in atmic labs and were called master/slave manipulatrs.They were cnnected tgether with mechanical linkages and steel cables.Remte arm manipulatrs can nw be mved by push buttns，switches r jysticks.
Current rbts have advanced sensry systems that prcess infrmatin and appear t functin as if they have brains.Their “brain” is actually a frm f cmputerized artificial intelligence (AI)．AI allws a rbt t perceive cnditins and decide upn a curse f actin based n thse cnditins.
A rbt can include any f the fllwing cmpnents：
effectrs—“arms”，“legs”，“hands”，“feet”
sensrs—parts that act like senses and can detect bjects r things like heat and light and cnvert the bject infrmatin int symbls that cmputers understand
cmputer—the brain that cntains instructins called algrithms t cntrl the rbt
equipment—this includes tls and mechanical fixtures
Characteristics that make rbts different frm regular machinery are that rbts usually functin by themselves，are sensitive t their envirnment，adapt t variatins in the envirnment r t errrs in prir perfrmance，are task－riented and ften have the ability t try different methds t accmplish a task.
Rbt Timeline
270BC an ancient Greek engineer named Ctesibus made rgans and water clcks with mvable figures.
1818—Mary Shelley wrte “Frankenstein” which was abut a frightening artificial life frm created by Dr.Frankenstein.
1921—The term “rbt” was first used in a play called “” r “Rssum's Universal Rbts” by the Czech writer Karel Capek.The plt was simple：man makes rbt then rbt kills man!
1941—Science fictin writer Isaac Asimv first used the wrd “rbtics” t describe the technlgy f rbts and predicted the rise f a pwerful rbt industry.
1942—Asimv wrte “Runarund”，a stry abut rbts which cntained the “Three Laws f Rbtics”：
A rbt may nt injure a human，r，thrugh inactin，allw a human being t cme t harm.
A rbt must bey the rders by human beings except where such rders wuld cnflict with the First Law.
A rbt must prtect its wn existence as lng as such prtectin des nt cnflict with the First r Secnd Law.
1948—“Cybernetics”，an influence n artificial intelligence research was published by Nrbert Wiener.
1956—Gerge Devl and Jseph Engelberger frmed the wrld's first rbt cmpany.
1959—Cmputer－assisted manufacturing was demnstrated at the Servmechanisms Lab at MIT.
1961—The first industrial rbt was nline in a General Mtrs autmbile factry in New Jersey.It was called UNIMATE.
1963—The first artificial rbtic arm t be cntrlled by a cmputer was designed.The Ranch Arm was designed as a tl fr the handicapped and its six jints gave it the flexibility f a human arm.
1965—DENDRAL was the first expert system r prgram designed t execute the accumulated knwledge f subject experts.
1968—The ctpus－like Tentacle Arm was develped by Marvin Minsky.
1969—The Stanfrd Arm was the first electrically pwered，cmputer－cntrlled rbt arm.
1970—Shakey was intrduced as the first mbile rbt cntrlled by artificial intelligence.It was prduced by SRI Internatinal.
1974—A rbtic arm (the Silver Arm) that perfrmed small－parts assembly using feedback frm tuch and pressure sensrs was designed.
1979—The Stanfrd Cart crssed a chair－filled rm withut human assistance.The cart had a TV camera munted n a rail which tk pictures frm multiple angles and relayed them t a cmputer.The cmputer analyzed the distance between the cart and the bstacles.
三、参考资料
(1)科幻作品
近几年比较受欢迎的科幻小说、影视有：X档案系列(X－files)，黑客帝国系列(The Matrix)，星球大战系列(Star Wars)，X战警系列(X Men)，终结者系列(Terminatr)，哈利波特系列(Harry Ptter)，指环王系列(The Lrd f the Rings)等等。学生如有兴趣，可以上网查询更多的资料。
参考网站：http：
http：
http：
(2)Isaac Asimv 艾莎克·阿西莫夫(1920～1992)
Dr.Isaac Asimv was an American authr and bichemist wh was brn in Russia in 1920.Asimv went t the United States with his family at the age f three.He grew up in New Yrk，graduating frm Clumbia University in 1939.In 1948，he earned a PhD there.He began t write stries fr science fictin magazines in 1939.He was a very successful writer wh prduced an amazing number f bks：he wrte ver 400 vlumes.Asimv is best knwn fr his science fictin and ppular science bks，f which the Fundatin series，the Galactic Empire series and the Rbt series are the mst ppular.Asimv's bks cver varius tpics in science，and he develped a set f ethics fr rbts and machine intelligence which influenced many ther writers.
Name
Type f animal
What it can d
Rbt 1
Rbt 2
Rbt 3
Rbt 4
Name
Type f animal
What it can d
Rbt 1
Aib
Dg
Can walk，sit，lie dwn and wag its tail.Learns the name yu give it and can answer when yu call it.Develps its wn persnality.Can learn abut 50 cmmands.
Rbt 2
Furby
Nt stated but lks like a big－eared bird
Likes being patted.Speaks his wn language，then gradually switches t English the mre time yu spend with him.
Rbt 3
Par
Seal
Can pen and clse its eyes and mve its flippers.
Rbt 4
Tama
Cat
Can recgnize her wn name.Purrs when patted.If yu hit her she will give yu an angry hiss.Gradually her behaviur changes and she develps her wn persnality.
Amanda
Victria
Jamie
1.Wh desn't understand why smene wuld want a rbt as a pet？
2.Wh believes that rbt pets are just tys？
3.Wh thinks that if smene thinks f the rbt as a pet，then it is a pet？
4.Wh believes that yu can make a rbt happy？
5.Wh thinks that rbt pets wuld be gd fr peple wh are unable t have a live pet？
Amanda
Victria
Jamie
1.Wh desn't understand why smene wuld want a rbt as a pet？
√
2.Wh believes that rbt pets are just tys？
√
3.Wh thinks that if smene thinks f the rbt as a pet，then it is a pet？
√
4.Wh believes that yu can make a rbt happy？
√
5.Wh thinks that rbt pets wuld be gd fr peple wh are unable t have a live pet？
√
Mrning
Afternn
Owner
Pet
Owner
Pet
·gt up in bad md
·carried me by tail
·kncked me nt the flr
·left me at hme
·angry
·hissed at wner
·hissed mre
·had a peaceful time later
·gt hme after schl
·seemed happier
·was nice t me
·patted me
·prmised t take me t the park tmrrw
·wagged tail
·culdn't stp purring
·lved the idea/was happy
·wished he/she were always like that...
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