v.ing形式作宾语补足语和状语是本单元的语法内容，也是v.ing的重点和难点。希望同学们认真学习掌握他们的用法。
[观察例句]
brther cmplained，thinking f the high tuitin fees.
2．Thinking f all the peple still in need f help，Dr.Lin pened a private clinic.
3．The new Peple's Republic f China saw Dr.Lin Qiazhi playing a key rle.
[归纳用法]
一、v.ing形式作宾语补足语
1．(1)v.ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
When we returned t the schl，we fund a stranger standing at the entrance.
当我们回到学校时，发现一个陌生人站在大门口。
I fund a bag lying n the grund.
我发现地上放着一个包。
(2)当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的v.ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
They fund the result very satisfying.
＝The result is fund very satisfying.
这个结果很令人满意。
They heard him singing in the next rm.
＝He was heard singing in the next rm.
有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。
2．能用v.ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词
(1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词(短语)，常见的有see，hear，feel，smell，find，ntice，bserve，lk at，listen t等
We saw a light burning in the windw.
我们看见窗户里有一盏灯在亮着。
Can yu smell anything burning?
你闻到有东西烧着了吗？
(2)表示致使意义的动词，常见的有have，set，keep，get，catch，leave等
I'm srry t have kept yu waiting.
让你一直等着我感觉很抱歉。
I can't get the clck ging again.
我不能让钟表再次转动。
(3)在with复合结构中的使用
在with复合结构中，v.ing形式充当宾语补足语，表示动作“正在进行”。
Des Kilimanjar deserve its reputatin as a crwded muntain with lines f turists ruining the atmsphere f peace?
乞力马扎罗山作为一座人群拥挤的山，挤满了成队的游客，破坏了它宁静的气氛，它应得这样的声誉吗？
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①The teacher has kept the naughty by standing(stand) the whle mrning.
②Dn't leave the water running(run) while yu brush yur teeth.
③He saw a girl wandering(wander) n the street this time yesterday.
④With Christmas appraching(apprach)，a Christmas party will be held in the schl.
二、v.ing形式作状语
1．v.ing形式或v.ing形式短语作状语时，可以在句中充当让步、时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随或补充说明等状语。与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系(是主动的)。
Nt cming n time, he was punished.
＝Because he didn't cme n time，he was punished.(原因)
因为没有按时来，他受到了惩罚。
Reading the bk, he ndded frm time t time.
＝While he was reading the bk，he ndded frm time t time.(时间)
读那本书的时候，他不时地点头。
Wrking hard，yu will succeed.
＝If yu wrk hard，yu will succeed.(条件)
努力工作，你才会成功。
Having failed many times，he didn't lse heart.
＝Thugh he had failed many times，he didn't lse heart.(让步)
尽管失败了许多次，他仍然没有丧失信心。
The teacher std there，reading a newspaper.
＝The teacher std there，and read a newspaper.
(伴随，可以转化为一个并列句)
老师站在那儿，看着报纸。
Please answer the questin using anther way.(方式)
请用另外一种方式回答这个问题。
The visiting minister expressed his satisfactin with the talks，adding that he had enjyed his stay here.(补充说明)
这位来访的部长表达了对这次会谈的认可，他还补充说他此次来访很愉快。
His father died，leaving him a lt f mney.(结果)
他爸爸去世了，留给他许多钱。
2．v.ing形式的否定式
v．ing形式的否定式由“nt＋v.ing形式”构成。
Nt knwing where t g，she went t the plice fr help.
不知道要去哪儿，她向警察寻求帮助。
Nt being seen by anyne，the thief escaped.
趁着没被任何人看见，小偷逃跑了。
Nt having dne it right，I tried again.
由于没做对，我又尝试了一次。
3．v.ing形式的时态
(1)一般式：v.ing形式的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
She sat there，reading a nvel.
她坐在那里看小说。
A little child learning t walk ften falls.
学走路的小孩常常跌倒。
(2)v.ing形式的完成式所表示的动作通常在谓语动词的动作之前发生。
Having finished her hmewrk，the little girl began t watch TV.
做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。
Having lived in Beijing fr many years，Carter knew the city well.
因为在北京住了多年，卡特对这个城市很熟悉。
4．v.ing形式的被动式
v．ing形式的被动式表示其逻辑主语与v.ing动作之间是被动关系。
(1)v.ing形式的一般被动式。
The building being built is ur library.
正在建的那栋楼是我们的图书馆。
Being repaired，the swimming pl wn't pen until next mnth.
由于正在被维修，直到下个月游泳池才会开放。
[名师点津] v．ing形式的一般被动式being dne常作定语，表示被动的动作正在发生。
(2)v.ing形式的完成被动式。
Having been warned by the teacher，the students didn't make such mistakes.
被老师警告之后，那些学生不再犯这样的错误了。
Having been tld many times，he still did nt knw hw t d it.
被告知好多次了，他还是不知道怎么做。
[名师点津] v．ing形式的完成被动式having been dne常作状语。
5．一般说来，v.ing形式作状语，它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，但事实上有少数例外的情况，少部分v.ing形式可以充当独立成分，这时句子主语与其无任何语法关系，为固定形式。常见的有：
generally/strictly/exactly/hnestly speaking 大体上/严格/准确/老实地说；judging frm/by根据……判断；cnsidering考虑到；cncerning关于。
Generally speaking，wmen are mre patient than men.一般来说，女性比男性更有耐心。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①Hearing(hear) the news，they immediately set ff fr Shanghai.
②Studying(study) hard，yu are sure t get first prize.
③Peple use plastic in their daily life，leaving(leave) large amunts f waste.
④He came running(run) int the rm.
⑤The ld man，having wrked(wrk) abrad fr twenty years，is n the way back t his mtherland.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I can't imagine Billy riding(ride) a mtrbike.
2．Her jke set us laughing(laugh)．
3．When I came ut f the theatre，I nticed a grup f children playing(play) musical instruments acrss the street.
4．She sat at the desk ding(d) her hmewrk.
5．Cming(cme) frm Jrdan，he mves clse t ask yu a questin.
6．Lking(lk) arund，I fund there was n ne nearby.
7．He was s angry that he threw the ty n the grund，breaking(break) it int pieces.
8．The girl was nticed quarreling(quarrel) with an ld man at 9 'clck yesterday.
9．Judging(judge) frm his accent，he is frm the suth f China.
10．Having struggled(struggle) with depressin，eating disrders and alchl abuse fr years，he nw understands hw imprtant being healthy is.
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
Each year 1.thusands(thusand) f turists visit the plar regins f the Arctic and Antarctica.But the increasing number f peple 2.travelling(travel) t the ends f the Earth can have 3.a negative effect n fragile ecsystems. Shuld turists 4.be allwed (allw)t visit plar regins?
Abut 40，000 turists visit Antarctica each year.Mre than five millin travel t the Arctic and sub(transprt) turists t the regins increases ship and airplane traffic，6.adding(add) t the risk f pllutin, il spills, and ther envirnmental damage.Because the places where wildlife accessible 7.are(be) few in number, turist traffic can becme cncentrated in specific areas，8.putting(put) Arctic vegetatin at risk.
Others say that access t these very special parts f the wrld shuld nt be restricted t nly researchers and scientists. Plar turism allws peple t develp deep 9.persnal(persn) cnnectins with plar regins.“Thse 10.wh travel t the Arctic r Antarctica ften becme cheerleaders fr supprting thse places.” Jim San, vice president fr travel and cnservatin at Wrld Wildlife Fund, tld TFK.